1.\" $OpenBSD: ipw.4,v 1.51 2022/01/05 17:39:24 jmc Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 2004 4.\" Damien Bergamini <damien.bergamini@free.fr>. All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice unmodified, this list of conditions, and the following 11.\" disclaimer. 12.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15.\" 16.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 17.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 19.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 20.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 21.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 22.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 23.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 24.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 25.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 26.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\" 28.Dd $Mdocdate: January 5 2022 $ 29.Dt IPW 4 30.Os 31.Sh NAME 32.Nm ipw 33.Nd Intel PRO/Wireless 2100 IEEE 802.11b wireless network device 34.Sh SYNOPSIS 35.Cd "ipw* at pci?" 36.Sh DESCRIPTION 37The 38.Nm 39driver provides support for the Intel PRO/Wireless 2100 Mini PCI 40network adapter. 41.Pp 42These are the modes the 43.Nm 44driver can operate in: 45.Bl -tag -width "IBSS-masterXX" 46.It BSS mode 47Also known as 48.Em infrastructure 49mode, this is used when associating with an access point, through 50which all traffic passes. 51This mode is the default. 52.It IBSS mode 53Also known as 54.Em IEEE ad-hoc 55mode or 56.Em peer-to-peer 57mode. 58This is the standardized method of operating without an access point. 59Stations associate with a service set. 60However, actual connections between stations are peer-to-peer. 61.It monitor mode 62In this mode the driver is able to receive packets without 63associating with an access point. 64This disables the internal receive filter and enables the card to 65capture packets from networks which it wouldn't normally have access to, 66or to scan for access points. 67.El 68.Pp 69The 70.Nm 71driver can be configured to use 72Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) or 73Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA1 and WPA2). 74WPA2 is the current encryption standard for wireless networks. 75It is strongly recommended that neither WEP nor WPA1 76are used as the sole mechanism to secure wireless communication, 77due to serious weaknesses. 78WPA1 is disabled by default and may be enabled using the option 79.Qq Cm wpaprotos Ar wpa1,wpa2 . 80For standard WPA networks which use pre-shared keys (PSK), 81keys are configured using the 82.Qq Cm wpakey 83option. 84WPA-Enterprise networks require use of the wpa_supplicant package. 85The 86.Nm 87driver relies on the software 802.11 stack for both encryption and decryption 88of data frames. 89.Pp 90The 91.Nm 92driver can be configured at runtime with 93.Xr ifconfig 8 94or on boot with 95.Xr hostname.if 5 . 96.Sh FILES 97The driver needs at least version 1.3 of the following firmware files, 98which are loaded when an interface is brought up: 99.Pp 100.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact 101.It Pa /etc/firmware/ipw-bss 102.It Pa /etc/firmware/ipw-ibss 103.It Pa /etc/firmware/ipw-monitor 104.El 105.Pp 106These firmware files are not free because Intel refuses to grant 107distribution rights without contractual obligations. 108As a result, even though 109.Ox 110includes the driver, the firmware files cannot be included and 111users have to find these files on their own. 112The official person to state your views to about this issue is 113.Mt majid.awad@intel.com . 114.Pp 115A prepackaged version of the firmware can be installed using 116.Xr fw_update 8 . 117.Sh EXAMPLES 118The following example scans for available networks: 119.Pp 120.Dl # ifconfig ipw0 scan 121.Pp 122The following 123.Xr hostname.if 5 124example configures ipw0 to join network 125.Dq mynwid , 126using WPA key 127.Dq mywpakey , 128obtaining an IP address using DHCP: 129.Bd -literal -offset indent 130join mynwid wpakey mywpakey 131inet autoconf 132.Ed 133.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 134.Bl -diag 135.It "ipw0: device timeout" 136The driver will reset the hardware. 137This should not happen. 138.It "ipw0: error N, could not read firmware ..." 139For some reason, the driver was unable to read the firmware image from the 140filesystem. 141The file might be missing or corrupted. 142.El 143.Sh SEE ALSO 144.Xr arp 4 , 145.Xr ifmedia 4 , 146.Xr intro 4 , 147.Xr netintro 4 , 148.Xr pci 4 , 149.Xr hostname.if 5 , 150.Xr ifconfig 8 151.Sh HISTORY 152The 153.Nm 154driver first appeared in 155.Ox 3.7 . 156.Sh AUTHORS 157The 158.Nm 159driver was written by 160.An Damien Bergamini Aq Mt damien.bergamini@free.fr . 161.Sh CAVEATS 162This driver does not support powersave mode. 163