1.\" $OpenBSD: iwn.4,v 1.55 2020/05/16 17:03:34 jmc Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 2007,2008 4.\" Damien Bergamini <damien.bergamini@free.fr>. All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any 7.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above 8.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. 9.\" 10.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES 11.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 12.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR 13.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES 14.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN 15.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF 16.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 17.\" 18.Dd $Mdocdate: May 16 2020 $ 19.Dt IWN 4 20.Os 21.Sh NAME 22.Nm iwn 23.Nd Intel WiFi Link and Centrino IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n wireless network devices 24.Sh SYNOPSIS 25.Cd "iwn* at pci?" 26.Sh DESCRIPTION 27The 28.Nm 29driver provides support for Intel Wireless WiFi Link 4965/5000/1000 30and Centrino Wireless-N 1000/2000/6000 Series PCIe Mini Card network adapters. 31.Pp 32The Intel Wireless WiFi Link 4965AGN (codenamed Kedron) is a PCIe 33Mini Card network adapter that operates in the 2GHz and 5GHz spectra. 34It has 2 transmit paths and 3 receiver paths (2T3R). 35It is part of the fourth-generation Centrino platform (codenamed Santa Rosa). 36.Pp 37The Intel WiFi Link 5000 series is a family of wireless network adapters 38that operate in the 2GHz and 5GHz spectra. 39They are part of the fifth-generation Centrino platform (codenamed Montevina). 40These adapters are available in both PCIe Mini Card (model code ending by MMW) 41and PCIe Half Mini Card (model code ending by HMW) form factor. 42The 43.Nm 44driver provides support for the 5100 (codenamed Shirley Peak 1x2), 455150 (codenamed Echo Peak-V), 5300 (codenamed Shirley Peak 3x3) and 465350 (codenamed Echo Peak-P) adapters. 47The 5100 and 5150 adapters have 1 transmit path and 2 receiver paths (1T2R). 48The 5300 and 5350 adapters have 3 transmit paths and 3 receiver paths (3T3R). 49.Pp 50The Intel WiFi Link 1000 (codenamed Condor Peak) is a single-chip wireless 51network adapter that operates in the 2GHz spectrum. 52It is part of the sixth-generation Centrino platform (codenamed Calpella). 53It is available in both PCIe Mini Card (model code ending by MMW) 54and PCIe Half Mini Card (model code ending by HMW) form factor. 55It has 1 transmit path and 2 receiver paths (1T2R). 56.Pp 57The Intel Centrino Ultimate-N 6300 (codenamed Puma Peak 3x3) is a single-chip 58wireless network adapter that operates in the 2GHz and 5GHz spectra. 59It has 3 transmit paths and 3 receiver paths (3T3R). 60The Intel Centrino Advanced-N 6250 (codenamed Kilmer Peak) is a combo 61WiFi/WiMAX network adapter that operates in the 2GHz and 5GHz spectra. 62It has 2 transmit paths and 2 receiver paths (2T2R). 63The Intel Centrino Advanced-N 6200 (codenamed Puma Peak 2x2) is 64a wireless network adapter that operates in the 2GHz and 5GHz spectra. 65It has 2 transmit paths and 2 receiver paths (2T2R). 66These adapters are part of the sixth-generation Centrino platform 67(codenamed Calpella). 68.Pp 69The Intel Centrino Wireless-N 2230 (codename Jackson Peak) and Intel 70Centrino Wireless-N 2200 (codename Marble Peak) are wireless network 71adapters that operate in the 2GHz spectrum. 72These adapters have 2 transmit paths and 2 receiver paths (2T2R). 73The Intel Centrino Wireless-N 135 and Intel Centrino Wireless-N 105 74(codename Canyon Peak) also operate in the 2GHz spectrum. 75These adapters have 1 transmit path and 1 receiver path (1T1R). 76.Pp 77These are the modes the 78.Nm 79driver can operate in: 80.Bl -tag -width "IBSS-masterXX" 81.It BSS mode 82Also known as 83.Em infrastructure 84mode, this is used when associating with an access point, through 85which all traffic passes. 86This mode is the default. 87.It monitor mode 88In this mode the driver is able to receive packets without 89associating with an access point. 90This disables the internal receive filter and enables the card to 91capture packets from networks which it wouldn't normally have access to, 92or to scan for access points. 93.El 94.Pp 95The 96.Nm 97driver can be configured to use 98Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) or 99Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA1 and WPA2). 100WPA2 is the current encryption standard for wireless networks. 101It is strongly recommended that neither WEP nor WPA1 102are used as the sole mechanism to secure wireless communication, 103due to serious weaknesses. 104WPA1 is disabled by default and may be enabled using the option 105.Qq Cm wpaprotos Ar wpa1,wpa2 . 106For standard WPA networks which use pre-shared keys (PSK), 107keys are configured using the 108.Qq Cm wpakey 109option. 110WPA-Enterprise networks require use of the wpa_supplicant package. 111The 112.Nm 113driver offloads both encryption and decryption of unicast data frames to the 114hardware for the CCMP cipher. 115.Pp 116In BSS mode the driver supports powersave mode 117and background scanning; 118see 119.Xr ifconfig 8 . 120.Pp 121The 122.Nm 123driver can be configured at runtime with 124.Xr ifconfig 8 125or on boot with 126.Xr hostname.if 5 . 127.Sh FILES 128The driver needs at least version 5.6 of the following firmware files, 129which are loaded when an interface is brought up: 130.Pp 131.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact 132.It Pa /etc/firmware/iwn-4965 133.It Pa /etc/firmware/iwn-5000 134.It Pa /etc/firmware/iwn-5150 135.It Pa /etc/firmware/iwn-1000 136.It Pa /etc/firmware/iwn-6000 137.It Pa /etc/firmware/iwn-6050 138.It Pa /etc/firmware/iwn-6005 139.It Pa /etc/firmware/iwn-6030 140.It Pa /etc/firmware/iwn-2030 141.It Pa /etc/firmware/iwn-2000 142.It Pa /etc/firmware/iwn-135 143.It Pa /etc/firmware/iwn-105 144.El 145.Pp 146These firmware files are not free because Intel refuses to grant 147distribution rights without contractual obligations. 148As a result, even though 149.Ox 150includes the driver, the firmware files cannot be included and 151users have to download these files on their own. 152.Pp 153A prepackaged version of the firmware can be installed using 154.Xr fw_update 1 . 155.Sh EXAMPLES 156The following example scans for available networks: 157.Pp 158.Dl # ifconfig iwn0 scan 159.Pp 160The following 161.Xr hostname.if 5 162example configures iwn0 to join network 163.Dq mynwid , 164using WPA key 165.Dq mywpakey , 166obtaining an IP address using DHCP: 167.Bd -literal -offset indent 168nwid mynwid wpakey mywpakey 169dhcp 170.Ed 171.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 172.Bl -diag 173.It "iwn0: device timeout" 174A frame dispatched to the hardware for transmission did not complete in time. 175The driver will reset the hardware. 176This should not happen. 177.It "iwn0: fatal firmware error" 178For some reason, the firmware crashed. 179The driver will reset the hardware. 180This should not happen. 181.It "iwn0: radio is disabled by hardware switch" 182The radio transmitter is off and thus no packet can go out. 183The driver will reset the hardware. 184Make sure the laptop radio switch is on. 185.It "iwn0: could not read firmware ... (error N)" 186For some reason, the driver was unable to read the firmware image from the 187filesystem. 188The file might be missing or corrupted. 189.It "iwn0: firmware too short: N bytes" 190The firmware image is corrupted and can't be loaded into the adapter. 191.It "iwn0: could not load firmware" 192An attempt to load the firmware into the adapter failed. 193The driver will reset the hardware. 194.El 195.Sh SEE ALSO 196.Xr arp 4 , 197.Xr ifmedia 4 , 198.Xr intro 4 , 199.Xr netintro 4 , 200.Xr pci 4 , 201.Xr hostname.if 5 , 202.Xr ifconfig 8 203.Sh HISTORY 204The 205.Nm 206device driver first appeared in 207.Ox 4.3 . 208.Sh AUTHORS 209The 210.Nm 211driver was written by 212.An Damien Bergamini Aq Mt damien.bergamini@free.fr . 213.Sh CAVEATS 214802.11n operation is currently limited to data rates MCS 0 to MCS 7. 215