1.\" $OpenBSD: urtwn.4,v 1.38 2016/01/20 23:40:33 juanfra Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 2010 Damien Bergamini <damien.bergamini@free.fr> 4.\" 5.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any 6.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above 7.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. 8.\" 9.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES 10.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 11.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR 12.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES 13.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN 14.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF 15.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 16.\" 17.Dd $Mdocdate: January 20 2016 $ 18.Dt URTWN 4 19.Os 20.Sh NAME 21.Nm urtwn 22.Nd Realtek RTL8188CU/RTL8188EU/RTL8192CU USB IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless network device 23.Sh SYNOPSIS 24.Cd "urtwn* at uhub? port ?" 25.Sh DESCRIPTION 26The 27.Nm 28driver supports USB 2.0 wireless network devices based on Realtek 29RTL8188CUS, RTL8188CE-VAU, RTL8188EUS, RTL8188RU and RTL8192CU chipsets. 30.Pp 31The RTL8188CUS and RTL8188EUS are highly integrated 802.11n adapters 32that combine a MAC, a 1T1R capable baseband and an RF in a single chip. 33They operate in the 2GHz spectrum only. 34The RTL8188RU is a high-power variant of the RTL8188CUS. 35The RTL8188CE-VAU is a PCI Express Mini Card adapter that attaches 36to the USB interface. 37.Pp 38The RTL8192CU is a highly integrated multiple-in, multiple-out (MIMO) 39802.11n adapter that combines a MAC, a 2T2R capable baseband and an 40RF in a single chip. 41It operates in the 2GHz spectrum only. 42.Pp 43These are the modes the 44.Nm 45driver can operate in: 46.Bl -tag -width "IBSS-masterXX" 47.It BSS mode 48Also known as 49.Em infrastructure 50mode, this is used when associating with an access point, through 51which all traffic passes. 52This mode is the default. 53.It monitor mode 54In this mode the driver is able to receive packets without 55associating with an access point. 56This disables the internal receive filter and enables the card to 57capture packets from networks which it wouldn't normally have access to, 58or to scan for access points. 59.El 60.Pp 61The 62.Nm 63driver can be configured to use 64Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) or 65Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK). 66WPA is the current encryption standard for wireless networks. 67It is strongly recommended that WEP 68not be used as the sole mechanism 69to secure wireless communication, 70due to serious weaknesses in it. 71.Pp 72The 73.Nm 74driver can be configured at runtime with 75.Xr ifconfig 8 76or on boot with 77.Xr hostname.if 5 . 78.Sh FILES 79The driver needs at least version 1.1p0 of the following firmware files, 80which are loaded when an interface is attached: 81.Pp 82.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact 83.It /etc/firmware/urtwn-rtl8192cfwT 84.It /etc/firmware/urtwn-rtl8192cfwU 85.It /etc/firmware/urtwn-rtl8723fw 86.It /etc/firmware/urtwn-rtl8188eufw 87.El 88.Pp 89A prepackaged version of the firmware can be installed using 90.Xr fw_update 1 . 91.Sh HARDWARE 92The following adapters should work: 93.Pp 94.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact 95.It Airlink101 AWLL5088 96.It Alfa AWUS036NHR 97.It Approx APPUSB300NANO V1 98.It Aus. Linx AL-9604R1S 99.It B-Link BL-LW05-5R 100.It Belkin F7D1102 Surf Wireless Micro 101.It D-Link DWA-121 102.It D-Link DWA-123 rev \&D1 103.It D-Link DWA-125 rev \&D1 104.It D-Link DWA-131 rev B 105.It D-Link DWA-133 106.It D-Link DWA-135 107.It Digitus DN-7042 108.It Edimax EW-7811Un 109.It EDUP EP-N8508 110.It Elecom WDC-150SU2M 111.It Full River FR-W100NUL 112.It Hercules Wireless N USB Pico HWNUp-150 113.It IO-DATA WN-G150UM 114.It ISY IWL4000 USB Wireless Micro Adapter 115.It Netgear WNA1000A 116.It Netgear WNA1000M 117.It Netgear WNA1000Mv2 118.It On Networks N300MA 119.It Patriot PCUSBW1150 120.It Planex GW-USEco300 121.It Planex GW-USNano2 122.It Planex GW-USValue-EZ 123.It Planex GW-USWExtreme 124.It POWCHIP POW-N18 125.It Prolink WN2201 126.It Sitecom WL-365 127.It Sitecom WLA-2100 v2 128.It Solwise NET-WL-UMD-606N 129.It TP-LINK TL-WN723N v3 130.It TP-LINK TL-WN725N v2 131.It TP-Link TL-WN821N v4 132.It TRENDnet TEW-648UBM 133.El 134.Sh EXAMPLES 135The following example scans for available networks: 136.Pp 137.Dl # ifconfig urtwn0 scan 138.Pp 139The following 140.Xr hostname.if 5 141example configures urtwn0 to join network 142.Dq mynwid , 143using WPA key 144.Dq mywpakey , 145obtaining an IP address using DHCP: 146.Bd -literal -offset indent 147nwid mynwid 148wpakey mywpakey 149dhcp 150.Ed 151.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 152.Bl -diag 153.It "urtwn0: error N, could not read firmware ..." 154For some reason, the driver was unable to read the microcode file from the 155filesystem. 156The file might be missing or corrupted. 157.It "urtwn0: device timeout" 158A frame dispatched to the hardware for transmission did not complete in time. 159The driver will reset the hardware. 160This should not happen. 161.El 162.Sh SEE ALSO 163.Xr arp 4 , 164.Xr ifmedia 4 , 165.Xr intro 4 , 166.Xr netintro 4 , 167.Xr usb 4 , 168.Xr hostname.if 5 , 169.Xr ifconfig 8 170.Sh HISTORY 171The 172.Nm 173driver first appeared in 174.Ox 4.9 . 175.Sh AUTHORS 176The 177.Nm 178driver was written by 179.An Damien Bergamini Aq Mt damien.bergamini@free.fr . 180.Sh CAVEATS 181The 182.Nm 183driver does not support any of the 802.11n capabilities offered by the 184adapters. 185Additional work is required in 186.Xr ieee80211 9 187before those features can be supported. 188