1# $OpenBSD: antarctica,v 1.22 2010/04/05 15:32:20 millert Exp $ 2# <pre> 3# @(#)antarctica 8.8 4# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 5# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 6 7# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15): 8# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see 9# <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/"> 10# COMNAP - Stations and Bases 11# </a> 12# and 13# <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm"> 14# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23) 15# </a> 16# for information. 17# Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information. 18# 19# Except for the French entries, 20# I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome! 21# FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited. 22 23# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. 24# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 25Rule RussAQ 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 26Rule RussAQ 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 27Rule RussAQ 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 28Rule RussAQ 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 29Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 30Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 31Rule RussAQ 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 32Rule RussAQ 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 33Rule RussAQ 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 34 35# These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file. 36# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 37Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - 38Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S 39Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 2 0:00 0 - 40Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 41Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 42Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S 43Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 - 44Rule ChileAQ 1972 1986 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 45Rule ChileAQ 1974 1987 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 46Rule ChileAQ 1987 only - Apr 12 3:00u 0 - 47Rule ChileAQ 1988 1989 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 48Rule ChileAQ 1988 only - Oct Sun>=1 4:00u 1:00 S 49Rule ChileAQ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 50Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Mar 18 3:00u 0 - 51Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Sep 16 4:00u 1:00 S 52Rule ChileAQ 1991 1996 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 53Rule ChileAQ 1991 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 54Rule ChileAQ 1997 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 - 55Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 56Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 4:00u 1:00 S 57Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 3:00u 0 - 58Rule ChileAQ 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 59Rule ChileAQ 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 60 61# These rules are stolen from the `australasia' file. 62Rule AusAQ 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 63Rule AusAQ 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 64Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 65Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 66Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 67Rule AusAQ 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 68Rule AusAQ 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 69Rule ATAQ 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 70Rule ATAQ 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 71Rule ATAQ 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 72Rule ATAQ 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 73Rule ATAQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 74Rule ATAQ 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 75Rule ATAQ 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 76Rule ATAQ 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 77Rule ATAQ 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 78Rule ATAQ 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 79Rule ATAQ 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 80Rule ATAQ 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 81Rule ATAQ 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 82Rule ATAQ 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 83Rule ATAQ 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 84Rule ATAQ 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 85Rule ATAQ 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 86Rule ATAQ 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 87Rule ATAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 88 89# Argentina - year-round bases 90# Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05 91# Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17 92# Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01 93# Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29 94# Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22 95# San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21 96# (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21) 97 98# Australia - territories 99# Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited) 100# previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered 101# <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html"> 102# Margaret Turner reports 103# </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST; 104# presumably this is when they have visitors. 105# 106# year-round bases 107# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969 108# Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13 109# (except 1964-11 - 1969-02) 110# Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13 111 112# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11): 113# Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone: 114# Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11 115# Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5 116# Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5 117# The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times). 118# 119# Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division) 120# <a href="http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079"> 121# http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079 122# </a> 123# 124# We have more background information here: 125# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html"> 126# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html 127# </a> 128 129# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 130# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 131# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 132# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 133# on 4 April. 134# 135# - Casey station reverted to its normal time of UTC+8 on 5 March 2010. 136# The change to UTC+11 is being considered as a regular summer thing but 137# has not been decided yet. 138# 139# - Davis station will revert to its normal time of UTC+7 at 10 March 2010 140# 20:00 UTC. 141# 142# - Mawson station stays on UTC+5. 143# 144# In addition to the Rule changes for Casey/Davis, it means that Macquarie 145# will no longer be like Hobart and will have to have its own Zone created. 146# 147# Background: 148# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html"> 149# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html 150# </a> 151 152# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 153Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969 154 8:00 - WST 2009 Oct 18 2:00 155 # Western (Aus) Standard Time 156 11:00 - CAST 2010 Mar 5 2:00 157 # Casey Time 158 8:00 - WST 159Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13 160 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time 161 0 - zzz 1969 Feb 162 7:00 - DAVT 2009 Oct 18 2:00 163 5:00 - DAVT 2010 Mar 10 20:00u 164 7:00 - DAVT 165Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13 166 6:00 - MAWT 2009 Oct 18 2:00 167 # Mawson Time 168 5:00 - MAWT 169Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1911 170 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 171 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 172 10:00 AusAQ EST 1967 173 10:00 ATAQ EST 2010 Apr 4 3:00 174 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie Island Time 175# References: 176# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html"> 177# Casey Weather (1998-02-26) 178# </a> 179# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html"> 180# Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26) 181# </a> 182# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html"> 183# Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25) 184# </a> 185 186# Brazil - year-round base 187# Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4 188 189# Chile - year-round bases and towns 190# Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994 191# Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07 192# General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02 193# Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941 194# Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09 195# These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'. 196 197# China - year-round bases 198# Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20 199# Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26 200 201# France - year-round bases 202# 203# From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20): 204# Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP 205# (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology). 206# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases 207# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came 208# from Tasmania. 209# 210# French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants 211# 212# Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950 213# Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964 214# Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951; 215# whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956 216# 217# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited 218# fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931 219# 220# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 221Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais 222 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time 223# 224# year-round base in the main continent 225# Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11 226# 227# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. 228# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. 229# 230# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 231Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947 232 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time 233 0 - zzz 1956 Nov 234 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time 235# Reference: 236# <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station"> 237# Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05) 238# </a> 239 240# Germany - year-round base 241# Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815 242 243# India - year-round base 244# Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200 245 246# Japan - year-round bases 247# Dome Fuji, -7719+03942 248# Syowa, -690022+0393524 249# 250# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06): 251# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. 252# 253# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan, 254# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main 255# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. 256# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 257Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29 258 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time 259# See: 260# <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html"> 261# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17) 262# </a> 263 264# S Korea - year-round base 265# King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988 266 267# New Zealand - claims 268# Balleny Islands (never inhabited) 269# Scott Island (never inhabited) 270# 271# year-round base 272# Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo. 273# 274# These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file. 275# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 276Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D 277Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 278Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D 279Rule NZAQ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 280Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S 281Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 282Rule NZAQ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 283Rule NZAQ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 284Rule NZAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 285 286# Norway - territories 287# Bouvet (never inhabited) 288# 289# claims 290# Peter I Island (never inhabited) 291 292# Poland - year-round base 293# Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977 294 295# Russia - year-round bases 296# Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22 297# Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02 298# Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551, 299# year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01 300# Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150, 301# year-round from 1960/61 to 1992 302 303# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11 304# <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP"> 305# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>: 306# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same 307# time as Moscow, Russia. 308# 309# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08): 310# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is 311# what they had to say about time there: 312# ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo) 313# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was 314# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead 315# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The 316# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.'' 317# 318# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04): 319# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it 320# in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local 321# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this 322# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean 323# solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks 324# happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time 325# it is at Vostok. But we'll guess UTC+6. 326# 327Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16 328 6:00 - VOST # Vostok time 329 330# S Africa - year-round bases 331# Marion Island, -4653+03752 332# Sanae, -7141-00250 333 334# UK 335# 336# British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims 337# South Orkney Islands 338# scientific station from 1903 339# whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926 340# South Shetland Islands 341# 342# year-round bases 343# Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983 344# Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931, 345# scientific station 1943/1967, 346# previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident, 347# and a garrison was deployed briefly 348# Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06 349# Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated 350# so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location. 351# Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01 352# 353# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22) 354# <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year. 355# 356# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 357Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - zzz 1976 Dec 1 358 -3:00 - ROTT # Rothera time 359 360# Uruguay - year round base 361# Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107 362 363# USA - year-round bases 364# 365# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968) 366# 367# From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06): 368# It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us 369# and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line.... 370# I verified with someone who was there that since 1980, 371# Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War, 372# Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina. 373# 374# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 375Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965 376 -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 377 -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May 378 -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT 379# 380# 381# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12 382# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 383Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956 384 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT 385# 386# Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20 387# 388# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 389# Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the 390# larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit. 391# 392# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27): 393# Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station, 394# stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station, 395# but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12 396# as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound, 397# which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year 398# at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.) 399# 400# From Susan Smith 401# http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html 402# (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available): 403# We use the same time as McMurdo does. 404# And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does.... 405# One last quirk about South Pole time. 406# All the electric clocks are usually wrong. 407# Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something 408# makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days, 409# we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so. 410# Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!! 411# 412Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole 413