1# $OpenBSD: antarctica,v 1.24 2012/03/01 17:37:37 millert Exp $ 2# <pre> 3# @(#)antarctica 8.10 4# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 5# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 6 7# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15): 8# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see 9# <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/"> 10# COMNAP - Stations and Bases 11# </a> 12# and 13# <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm"> 14# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23) 15# </a> 16# for information. 17# Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information. 18# 19# Except for the French entries, 20# I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome! 21# FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited. 22 23# These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file. 24# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 25Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - 26Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S 27Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 2 0:00 0 - 28Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 29Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 30Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S 31Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 - 32Rule ChileAQ 1972 1986 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 33Rule ChileAQ 1974 1987 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 34Rule ChileAQ 1987 only - Apr 12 3:00u 0 - 35Rule ChileAQ 1988 1989 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 36Rule ChileAQ 1988 only - Oct Sun>=1 4:00u 1:00 S 37Rule ChileAQ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 38Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Mar 18 3:00u 0 - 39Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Sep 16 4:00u 1:00 S 40Rule ChileAQ 1991 1996 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 41Rule ChileAQ 1991 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 42Rule ChileAQ 1997 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 - 43Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 44Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 4:00u 1:00 S 45Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 3:00u 0 - 46Rule ChileAQ 1999 2010 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 47Rule ChileAQ 2000 2007 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 48# N.B.: the end of March 29 in Chile is March 30 in Universal time, 49# which is used below in specifying the transition. 50Rule ChileAQ 2008 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 - 51Rule ChileAQ 2009 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 52Rule ChileAQ 2010 only - Apr Sun>=1 3:00u 0 - 53Rule ChileAQ 2011 only - May Sun>=2 3:00u 0 - 54Rule ChileAQ 2011 only - Aug Sun>=16 4:00u 1:00 S 55Rule ChileAQ 2012 only - Apr Sun>=23 3:00u 0 - 56Rule ChileAQ 2012 only - Sep Sun>=2 4:00u 1:00 S 57Rule ChileAQ 2013 max - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 58Rule ChileAQ 2013 max - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 59 60# These rules are stolen from the `australasia' file. 61Rule AusAQ 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 62Rule AusAQ 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 63Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 64Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 65Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 66Rule AusAQ 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 67Rule AusAQ 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 68Rule ATAQ 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 69Rule ATAQ 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 70Rule ATAQ 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 71Rule ATAQ 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 72Rule ATAQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 73Rule ATAQ 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 74Rule ATAQ 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 75Rule ATAQ 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 76Rule ATAQ 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 77Rule ATAQ 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 78Rule ATAQ 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 79Rule ATAQ 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 80Rule ATAQ 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 81Rule ATAQ 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 82Rule ATAQ 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 83Rule ATAQ 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 84Rule ATAQ 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 85Rule ATAQ 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 86Rule ATAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 87 88# Argentina - year-round bases 89# Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05 90# Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17 91# Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01 92# Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29 93# Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22 94# San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21 95# (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21) 96 97# Australia - territories 98# Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited) 99# previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered 100# <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html"> 101# Margaret Turner reports 102# </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST; 103# presumably this is when they have visitors. 104# 105# year-round bases 106# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969 107# Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13 108# (except 1964-11 - 1969-02) 109# Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13 110 111# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11): 112# Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone: 113# Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11 114# Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5 115# Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5 116# The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times). 117# 118# Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division) 119# <a href="http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079"> 120# http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079 121# </a> 122# 123# We have more background information here: 124# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html"> 125# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html 126# </a> 127 128# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 129# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 130# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 131# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 132# on 4 April. 133# 134# - Casey station reverted to its normal time of UTC+8 on 5 March 2010. 135# The change to UTC+11 is being considered as a regular summer thing but 136# has not been decided yet. 137# 138# - Davis station will revert to its normal time of UTC+7 at 10 March 2010 139# 20:00 UTC. 140# 141# - Mawson station stays on UTC+5. 142# 143# In addition to the Rule changes for Casey/Davis, it means that Macquarie 144# will no longer be like Hobart and will have to have its own Zone created. 145# 146# Background: 147# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html"> 148# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html 149# </a> 150 151# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 152Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969 153 8:00 - WST 2009 Oct 18 2:00 154 # Western (Aus) Standard Time 155 11:00 - CAST 2010 Mar 5 2:00 156 # Casey Time 157 8:00 - WST 2011 Oct 28 2:00 158 11:00 - CAST 2012 Feb 21 17:00u 159 8:00 - WST 160Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13 161 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time 162 0 - zzz 1969 Feb 163 7:00 - DAVT 2009 Oct 18 2:00 164 5:00 - DAVT 2010 Mar 10 20:00u 165 7:00 - DAVT 2011 Oct 28 2:00 166 5:00 - DAVT 2012 Feb 21 20:00u 167 7:00 - DAVT 168Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13 169 6:00 - MAWT 2009 Oct 18 2:00 170 # Mawson Time 171 5:00 - MAWT 172Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1911 173 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 174 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 175 10:00 AusAQ EST 1967 176 10:00 ATAQ EST 2010 Apr 4 3:00 177 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie Island Time 178# References: 179# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html"> 180# Casey Weather (1998-02-26) 181# </a> 182# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html"> 183# Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26) 184# </a> 185# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html"> 186# Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25) 187# </a> 188 189# Brazil - year-round base 190# Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4 191 192# Chile - year-round bases and towns 193# Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994 194# Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07 195# General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02 196# Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941 197# Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09 198# These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'. 199 200# China - year-round bases 201# Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20 202# Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26 203 204# France - year-round bases 205# 206# From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20): 207# Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP 208# (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology). 209# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases 210# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came 211# from Tasmania. 212# 213# French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants 214# 215# Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950 216# Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964 217# Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951; 218# whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956 219# 220# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited 221# fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931 222# 223# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 224Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais 225 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time 226# 227# year-round base in the main continent 228# Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11 229# 230# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. 231# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. 232# 233# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 234Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947 235 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time 236 0 - zzz 1956 Nov 237 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time 238# Reference: 239# <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station"> 240# Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05) 241# </a> 242 243# Germany - year-round base 244# Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815 245 246# India - year-round base 247# Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200 248 249# Japan - year-round bases 250# Dome Fuji, -7719+03942 251# Syowa, -690022+0393524 252# 253# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06): 254# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. 255# 256# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan, 257# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main 258# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. 259# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 260Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29 261 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time 262# See: 263# <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html"> 264# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17) 265# </a> 266 267# S Korea - year-round base 268# King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988 269 270# New Zealand - claims 271# Balleny Islands (never inhabited) 272# Scott Island (never inhabited) 273# 274# year-round base 275# Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo. 276# 277# These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file. 278# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 279Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D 280Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 281Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D 282Rule NZAQ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 283Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S 284Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 285Rule NZAQ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 286Rule NZAQ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 287Rule NZAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 288 289# Norway - territories 290# Bouvet (never inhabited) 291# 292# claims 293# Peter I Island (never inhabited) 294 295# Poland - year-round base 296# Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977 297 298# Russia - year-round bases 299# Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22 300# Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02 301# Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551, 302# year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01 303# Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150, 304# year-round from 1960/61 to 1992 305 306# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11 307# <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP"> 308# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>: 309# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same 310# time as Moscow, Russia. 311# 312# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08): 313# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is 314# what they had to say about time there: 315# ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo) 316# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was 317# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead 318# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The 319# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.'' 320# 321# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04): 322# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it 323# in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local 324# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this 325# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean 326# solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks 327# happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time 328# it is at Vostok. But we'll guess UTC+6. 329# 330Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16 331 6:00 - VOST # Vostok time 332 333# S Africa - year-round bases 334# Marion Island, -4653+03752 335# Sanae, -7141-00250 336 337# UK 338# 339# British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims 340# South Orkney Islands 341# scientific station from 1903 342# whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926 343# South Shetland Islands 344# 345# year-round bases 346# Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983 347# Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931, 348# scientific station 1943/1967, 349# previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident, 350# and a garrison was deployed briefly 351# Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06 352# Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated 353# so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location. 354# Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01 355# 356# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22) 357# <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year. 358# 359# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 360Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - zzz 1976 Dec 1 361 -3:00 - ROTT # Rothera time 362 363# Uruguay - year round base 364# Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107 365 366# USA - year-round bases 367# 368# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968) 369# 370# From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06): 371# It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us 372# and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line.... 373# I verified with someone who was there that since 1980, 374# Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War, 375# Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina. 376# 377# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 378Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965 379 -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 380 -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May 381 -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT 382# 383# 384# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12 385# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 386Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956 387 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT 388# 389# Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20 390# 391# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 392# Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the 393# larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit. 394# 395# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27): 396# Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station, 397# stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station, 398# but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12 399# as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound, 400# which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year 401# at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.) 402# 403# From Susan Smith 404# http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html 405# (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available): 406# We use the same time as McMurdo does. 407# And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does.... 408# One last quirk about South Pole time. 409# All the electric clocks are usually wrong. 410# Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something 411# makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days, 412# we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so. 413# Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!! 414# 415Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole 416