1# $OpenBSD: asia,v 1.93 2020/10/07 22:33:31 millert Exp $ 2# tzdb data for Asia and environs 3 4# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 5# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 6 7# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 8# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 9# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 10# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 11 12# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-11): 13# 14# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 15# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 16# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 17# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 18# 19# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 20# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 21# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 22# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 23# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 24# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 25# 26# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 27# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 28# I found in the UCLA library. 29# 30# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 31# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 32# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 33# 34# For Russian data circa 1919, a source is: 35# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. 36# (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.) 37# 38# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 39# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 40# 41# The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables 42# (corrections are welcome): 43# std dst 44# LMT Local Mean Time 45# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 46# 2:00 IST IDT Israel 47# 5:30 IST India 48# 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat) 49# 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah) 50# 8:00 CST China 51# 8:00 HKT HKST Hong Kong (HKWT* for Winter Time in late 1941) 52# 8:00 PST PDT* Philippines 53# 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830 54# 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur) 55# 9:00 JST JDT Japan 56# 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09 57# *I invented the abbreviations HKWT and PDT; see below. 58# Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03 59# and +0330 for integer hour and minute UT offsets. Although earlier 60# editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every 61# offset, this did not reflect common practice. 62# 63# See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 64 65# From Guy Harris: 66# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 67# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 68# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 69# Worldwide Edition). 70 71############################################################################### 72 73# These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file. 74# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 75Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 76Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 77Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 78Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 - 79Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 80Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 81Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 - 82Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 83Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 84Rule RussiaAsia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 85Rule RussiaAsia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 86 87# Afghanistan 88# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 89Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 90 4:00 - +04 1945 91 4:30 - +0430 92 93# Armenia 94# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 95# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 96# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 97# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 98# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 99# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 100# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 101# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 102# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 103 104# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 105# While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to 106# follow Russia's "old" rules. 107 108# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10): 109# According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012, 110# http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html 111# 112# The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the 113# Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of 114# Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time. 115# or 116# (brief) 117# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html 118# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 119Rule Armenia 2011 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 120Rule Armenia 2011 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 121# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 122Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 123 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 124 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 125 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 126 4:00 - +04 1997 127 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2011 128 4:00 Armenia +04/+05 129 130# Azerbaijan 131 132# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 133# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 134# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17). 135# http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf 136 137# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17): 138# ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to 139# daylight saving time.... 140# https://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html 141# http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html 142# http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html 143 144# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 145Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 - 146Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 147# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 148Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 149 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 150 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 151 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s 152 4:00 - +04 1996 153 4:00 EUAsia +04/+05 1997 154 4:00 Azer +04/+05 155 156# Bahrain 157# See Asia/Qatar. 158 159# Bangladesh 160# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): 161# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce 162# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 163# 164# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 165# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 166# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html 167# 168# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from 169# June 170# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with 171# crippling power crisis. " 172# 173# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if 174# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 175 176# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): 177# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between 178# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. 179# 180# Some sources: 181# https://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 182# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 183# 184# Our wrap-up: 185# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html 186 187# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): 188# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start 189# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh 190# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). 191# 192# No DST end date has been announced yet. 193 194# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): 195# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, 196# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. 197# 198# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": 199# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" 200# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 201# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html 202 203# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): 204# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: 205# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make 206# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would 207# "continue for an indefinite period." 208# 209# One of many places where it is published: 210# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html 211 212# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): 213# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 214# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. 215# 216# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. 217# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 218# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html 219# 220# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour 221# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, 222# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime 223# Minister's Office last night..." 224 225# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22): 226# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 227# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time 228# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817 229# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html 230 231# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 232Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 - 233Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 - 234 235# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 236Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 237 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 238 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 15 239 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep 240 6:30 - +0630 1951 Sep 30 241 6:00 - +06 2009 242 6:00 Dhaka +06/+07 243 244# Bhutan 245# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 246Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 247 5:30 - +0530 1987 Oct 248 6:00 - +06 249 250# British Indian Ocean Territory 251# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 252# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 253# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 254# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 255# then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 256# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 257Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 258 5:00 - +05 1996 259 6:00 - +06 260 261# Brunei 262# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 263Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 264 7:30 - +0730 1933 265 8:00 - +08 266 267# Burma / Myanmar 268 269# Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon. 270 271# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20): 272# Page 27 of Reed & Low (cited for Asia/Kolkata) says "Rangoon local time is 273# used upon the railways and telegraphs of Burma, and is 6h. 24m. 47s. ahead 274# of Greenwich." This refers to the period before Burma's transition to +0630, 275# a transition for which Shanks is the only source. 276 277# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 278Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:47 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon 279 6:24:47 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon local time 280 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 281 9:00 - +09 1945 May 3 282 6:30 - +0630 283 284# Cambodia 285# See Asia/Bangkok. 286 287 288# China 289 290# From Phake Nick (2020-04-15): 291# According to this news report: 292# http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2004-09-01/19524201403.shtml 293# on April 11, 1919, newspaper in Shanghai said clocks in Shanghai will spring 294# forward for an hour starting from midnight of that Saturday. The report did 295# not mention what happened in Shanghai thereafter, but it mentioned that a 296# similar trial in Tianjin which ended at October 1st as citizens are told to 297# recede the clock on September 30 from 12:00pm to 11:00pm. The trial at 298# Tianjin got terminated in 1920. 299# 300# From Paul Eggert (2020-04-15): 301# The Returns of Trade and Trade Reports, page 711, says "Daylight saving was 302# given a trial during the year, and from the 12th April to the 1st October 303# the clocks were all set one hour ahead of sun time. Though the scheme was 304# generally esteemed a success, it was announced early in 1920 that it would 305# not be repeated." 306# 307# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 308Rule Shang 1919 only - Apr 12 24:00 1:00 D 309Rule Shang 1919 only - Sep 30 24:00 0 S 310 311# From Paul Eggert (2018-10-02): 312# The following comes from Table 1 of: 313# Li Yu. Research on the daylight saving movement in 1940s Shanghai. 314# Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences. 2014;(2):144-50. 315# http://oversea.cnki.net/kns55/detail.aspx?dbname=CJFD2014&filename=NJSH201402020 316# The table lists dates only; I am guessing 00:00 and 24:00 transition times. 317# Also, the table lists the planned end of DST in 1949, but the corresponding 318# zone line cuts this off on May 28, when the Communists took power. 319 320# From Phake Nick (2020-04-15): 321# 322# For the history of time in Shanghai between 1940-1942, the situation is 323# actually slightly more complex than the table [below].... At the time, 324# there were three different authorities in Shanghai, including Shanghai 325# International Settlement, a settlement established by western countries with 326# its own westernized form of government, Shanghai French Concession, similar 327# to the international settlement but is controlled by French, and then the 328# rest of the city of Shanghai, which have already been controlled by Japanese 329# force through a puppet local government (Wang Jingwei regime). It was 330# additionally complicated by the circumstances that, according to the 1940s 331# Shanghai summer time essay cited in the database, some 332# departments/businesses/people in the Shanghai city itself during that time 333# period, refused to change their clock and instead only changed their opening 334# hours. 335# 336# For example, as quoted in the article, in 1940, other than the authority 337# itself, power, tram, bus companies, cinema, department stores, and other 338# public service organizations have all decided to follow the summer time and 339# spring forward the clock. On the other hand, the custom office refused to 340# spring forward the clock because of worry on mechanical wear to the physical 341# clock, postal office refused to spring forward because of disruption to 342# business and log-keeping, although they did changed their office hour to 343# match rest of the city. So is travel agents, and also weather 344# observatory. It is said both time standards had their own supporters in the 345# city at the time, those who prefer new time standard would have moved their 346# clock while those who prefer the old time standard would keep their clock 347# unchange, and there were different clocks that use different time standard 348# in the city at the time for people who use different time standard to adjust 349# their clock to their preferred time. 350# 351# a. For the 1940 May 31 spring forward, the essay claim that it was 352# coordinared between the international settlement authority and the French 353# concession authority and have gathered support from Hong Kong and Xiamen, 354# that it would spring forward an hour from May 31 "midnight", and the essay 355# claim "Hong Kong government implemented the spring forward in the same time 356# on the same date as Shanghai". 357# 358# b. For the 1940 fall back, it was said that they initially intended to do 359# so on September 30 00:59 at night, however they postponed it to October 12 360# after discussion with relevant parties. However schools restored to the 361# original schedule ten days earlier. 362# 363# c. For the 1941 spring forward, it is said to start from March 15 364# "following the previous year's method", and in addition to that the essay 365# cited an announcement in 1941 from the Wang regime which said the Special 366# City of Shanghai under Wang regime control will follow the DST rule set by 367# the Settlements, irrespective of the original DST plan announced by the Wang 368# regime for other area under its control(April 1 to September 30). (no idea 369# to situation before that announcement) 370# 371# d. For the 1941 fall back, it was said that the fall back would occurs at 372# the end of September (A newspaper headline cited by the essay, published on 373# October 1, 1941, have the headlines which said "French Concession would 374# rewind to the old clock this morning), but it ultimately didn't happen due 375# to disagreement between the international settlement authority and the 376# French concession authority, and the fall back ultimately occurred on 377# November 1. 378# 379# e. In 1941 December, Japan have officially started war with the United 380# States and the United Kingdom, and in Shanghai they have marched into the 381# international settlement, taken over its control 382# 383# f. For the 1942 spring forward, the essay said that the spring forward 384# started on January 31. It said this time the custom office and postal 385# department will also change their clocks, unlike before. 386# 387# g. The essay itself didn't cover any specific changes thereafter until the 388# end of the war, it quoted a November 1942 command from the government of the 389# Wang regime, which claim the daylight saving time applies year round during 390# the war. However, the essay ambiguously said the period is "February 1 to 391# September 30", which I don't really understand what is the meaning of such 392# period in the context of year round implementation here.. More researches 393# might be needed to show exactly what happened during that period of time. 394 395# From Phake Nick (2020-04-15): 396# According to a Japanese tour bus pamphlet in Nanjing area believed to be 397# from around year 1941: http://www.tt-museum.jp/tairiku_0280_nan1941.html , 398# the schedule listed was in the format of Japanese time. Which indicate some 399# use of the Japanese time (instead of syncing by DST) might have occurred in 400# the Yangtze river delta area during that period of time although the scope 401# of such use will need to be investigated to determine. 402# 403# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 404Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 405Rule Shang 1940 only - Oct 12 24:00 0 S 406Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 407Rule Shang 1941 only - Nov 1 24:00 0 S 408Rule Shang 1942 only - Jan 31 0:00 1:00 D 409Rule Shang 1945 only - Sep 1 24:00 0 S 410Rule Shang 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 411Rule Shang 1946 only - Sep 30 24:00 0 S 412Rule Shang 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 413Rule Shang 1947 only - Oct 31 24:00 0 S 414Rule Shang 1948 1949 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 415Rule Shang 1948 1949 - Sep 30 24:00 0 S #plan 416 417# From Guy Harris: 418# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 419 420# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 421# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 422# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 423# Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 424# has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of 425# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 426# 427# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 428# painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for 429# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 430# 431# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 432# 1987 mid-April - ?? 433 434# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 435# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 436# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 437 438# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): 439# Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight 440# time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began 441# observing daylight saving time in 1986. 442 443# From P Chan (2018-05-07): 444# The start and end time of DST in China [from 1986 on] should be 2:00 445# (i.e. 2:00 to 3:00 at the start and 2:00 to 1:00 at the end).... 446# Government notices about summer time: 447# 448# 1986-04-12 http://www.zj.gov.cn/attach/zfgb/198608.pdf p.21-22 449# (To establish summer time from 1986. On 4 May, set the clocks ahead one hour 450# at 2 am. On 14 September, set the clocks backward one hour at 2 am.) 451# 452# 1987-02-15 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1987/gwyb198703.pdf p.114 453# (Summer time in 1987 to start from 12 April until 13 September) 454# 455# 1987-09-09 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1987/gwyb198721.pdf p.709 456# (From 1988, summer time to start from 2 am of the first Sunday of mid-April 457# until 2 am of the first Sunday of mid-September) 458# 459# 1992-03-03 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1992/gwyb199205.pdf p.152 460# (To suspend summer time from 1992) 461# 462# The first page of People's Daily on 12 April 1988 stating that summer time 463# to begin on 17 April. 464# http://data.people.com.cn/pic/101p/1988/04/1988041201.jpg 465 466# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 467Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 2:00 1:00 D 468Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 2:00 0 S 469Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=11 2:00 1:00 D 470 471# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 472# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 473# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 474# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). 475# 476# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14): 477# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the 478# https://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county 479# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two 480# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, 481# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are 482# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege 483# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 484# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two 485# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. 486 487# From Paul Eggert (2017-01-05): 488# Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources: 489# 490# (1) 491# Guo Qing-sheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 492# Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC 493# China Historical Materials of Science and Technology 494# (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料). 2003;24(1):5-9. 495# http://oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?filename=ZGKS200301000&dbname=CJFD2003 496# It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was 497# officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the 498# evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not 499# been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar 500# time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued 501# to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the 502# observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it 503# could well have ignored any such mandate. 504# 505# (2) 506# Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 507# A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China 508# [undated and unknown publication location] 509# It says several things: 510# * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China. 511# * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective 512# the official calendar book of 1914. 513# * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in 514# French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei) 515# Observatory and set to local mean time. 516# * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8. 517# * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers) 518# eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it 519# became used by railways as well. 520# * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into 521# five time zones (see below for details). This caught on 522# at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8. 523# * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice 524# this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in 525# Japanese-occupied territory. 526# * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time. 527# * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into 528# place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear 529# how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control. 530# * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war. 531# 532# An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the 533# Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is 534# different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour 535# ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the 536# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08. 537# 538# In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but 539# this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger. 540# This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and 541# Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility. 542# Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice 543# mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were: 544# 545# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30 546# Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here. 547# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 548# 549# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08 550# Now part of Asia/Shanghai. 551# most of China 552# Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest. 553# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century". 554# 555# Long-shu Time (probably as Long and Shu were two names of the area) UT +07 556# Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here. 557# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 558# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; east Qinghai; and the Guangdong 559# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 560# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 561# 562# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06 563# This region is now part of either Asia/Urumqi or Asia/Shanghai with 564# current boundaries uncertain; times before 1970 for areas that 565# disagree with Ürümqi or Shanghai are not recorded here. 566# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; 567# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, 568# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; 569# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; 570# east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, 571# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, 572# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, 573# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. 574# 575# Kunlun Time UT +05:30 576# This region is now in the same status as Xin-zang Time (see above). 577# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; 578# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, 579# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, 580# and Yarkand. 581 582# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): 583# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in 584# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, 585# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on 586# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese 587# they implicitly use Beijing time. 588# 589# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the 590# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two 591# hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang 592# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as 593# local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in 594# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as 595# "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language 596# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. 597# 598# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its 599# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in 600# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) 601# 602# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 603# or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with 604# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same 605# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and 606# others moving their clocks ahead.) 607 608# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): 609# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common 610# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): 611# 612# 1. Wulumuqi... 613# 2. Kashi... 614# 3. Urumqi... 615# 4. Kashgar... 616# ... 617# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the 618# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding 619# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. 620# 621# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any 622# start date for Xinjiang time. 623# 624# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally 625# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur 626# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also 627# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) 628 629# From David Cochrane (2014-03-26): 630# Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986: 631# https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html 632 633# From Luther Ma (2014-04-22): 634# I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from 635# different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's 636# report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David 637# Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially 638# recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least 639# the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time; 640# and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers 641# to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some 642# population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only 643# problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as 644# having the same time as Beijing. 645 646# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 647# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06) 648# but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun, 649# Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN 650# 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x. 651# As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone. 652# 653# Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see 654# "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government" 655# <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22). 656# Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986. 657# During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty, 658# the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan 659# Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of 660# China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be 661# quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to 662# UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren, 663# which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a 664# guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before 665# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and 666# that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the 667# +08 mandate back then. 668 669# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 670# Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai. 671Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901 672 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 May 28 673 8:00 PRC C%sT 674# Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi 675# / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.) 676Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 677 6:00 - +06 678 679 680# Hong Kong 681 682# Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this. 683 684# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 685# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 686# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 687# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 688# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 689# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 690# think 3:30 is correct. 691 692# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 693# According to Singaporean newspaper 694# http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/singfreepresswk19041102-1.2.37 695# the day that Hong Kong start using GMT+8 should be Oct 30, 1904. 696# 697# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-17): 698# Hong Kong had a time ball near the Marine Police Station, Tsim Sha Tsui. 699# "The ball was raised manually each day and dropped at exactly 1pm 700# (except on Sundays and Government holidays)." 701# Dyson AD. From Time Ball to Atomic Clock. Hong Kong Government. 1983. 702# <https://www.hko.gov.hk/publica/gen_pub/timeball_atomic_clock.pdf> 703# "From 1904 October 30 the time-ball at Hong Kong has been dropped by order 704# of the Governor of the Colony at 17h 0m 0s G.M.T., which is 23m 18s.14 in 705# advance of 1h 0m 0s of Hong Kong mean time." 706# Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc. 707# 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382 708# 709# From Joseph Myers (2018-11-18): 710# An astronomer before 1925 referring to GMT would have been using the old 711# astronomical convention where the day started at noon, not midnight. 712# 713# From Steve Allen (2018-11-17): 714# Meteorological Observations made at the Hongkong Observatory in the year 1904 715# page 4 <https://books.google.com/books?id=kgw5AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA4-PA4> 716# ... the log of drop times in Table II shows that on Sunday 1904-10-30 the 717# ball was dropped. So that looks like a special case drop for the sake 718# of broadcasting the new local time. 719# 720# From Phake Nick (2018-11-18): 721# According to The Hong Kong Weekly Press, 1904-10-29, p.324, the 722# governor of Hong Kong at the time stated that "We are further desired to 723# make it known that the change will be effected by firing the gun and by the 724# dropping of the Ball at 23min. 18sec. before one." 725# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 726# See <https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk> for this; unfortunately Flash is required. 727 728# From Phake Nick (2018-10-26): 729# I went to check microfilm records stored at Hong Kong Public Library.... 730# on September 30 1941, according to Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong edition), it was 731# stated that fallback would occur on the next day (the 1st)'s "03:00 am (Hong 732# Kong Time 04:00 am)" and the clock will fall back for a half hour. (03:00 733# probably refer to the time commonly used in mainland China at the time given 734# the paper's background) ... the sunrise/sunset time given by South China 735# Morning Post for October 1st was indeed moved by half an hour compares to 736# before. After that, in December, the battle to capture Hong Kong started and 737# the library doesn't seems to have any record stored about press during that 738# period of time. Some media resumed publication soon after that within the 739# same month, but there were not much information about time there. Later they 740# started including a radio program guide when they restored radio service, 741# explicitly mentioning it use Tokyo standard time, and later added a note 742# saying it's half an hour ahead of the old Hong Kong standard time, and it 743# also seems to indicate that Hong Kong was not using GMT+8 when it was 744# captured by Japan. 745# 746# Image of related sections on newspaper: 747# * 1941-09-30, Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong), "Winter Time start tomorrow". 748# https://i.imgur.com/6waY51Z.jpg (Chinese) 749# * 1941-09-29, South China Morning Post, Information on sunrise/sunset 750# time and other things for September 30 and October 1. 751# https://i.imgur.com/kCiUR78.jpg 752# * 1942-02-05. The Hong Kong News, Radio Program Guide. 753# https://i.imgur.com/eVvDMzS.jpg 754# * 1941-06-14. Hong Kong Daily Press, Daylight Saving from 3am Tomorrow. 755# https://i.imgur.com/05KkvtC.png 756# * 1941-09-30, Hong Kong Daily Press, Winter Time Warning. 757# https://i.imgur.com/dge4kFJ.png 758 759# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-11): 760# "Hong Kong winter time" is considered to be daylight saving. 761# "Hong Kong had adopted daylight saving on June 15 as a wartime measure, 762# clocks moving forward one hour until October 1, when they would be put back 763# by just half an hour for 'Hong Kong Winter time', so that daylight saving 764# operated year round." -- Low Z. The longest day: when wartime Hong Kong 765# introduced daylight saving. South China Morning Post. 2019-06-28. 766# https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/short-reads/article/3016281/longest-day-when-wartime-hong-kong-introduced 767 768# From P Chan (2018-12-31): 769# * According to the Hong Kong Daylight-Saving Regulations, 1941, the 770# 1941 spring-forward transition was at 03:00. 771# http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkgro/view/g1941/304271.pdf 772# http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkgro/view/g1941/305516.pdf 773# * According to some articles from South China Morning Post, +08 was 774# resumed on 1945-11-18 at 02:00. 775# https://i.imgur.com/M2IsZ3c.png 776# https://i.imgur.com/iOPqrVo.png 777# https://i.imgur.com/fffcGDs.png 778# * Some newspapers ... said the 1946 spring-forward transition was on 779# 04-21 at 00:00. The Kung Sheung Evening News 1946-04-20 (Chinese) 780# https://i.imgur.com/ZSzent0.png 781# https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk///c/portal/cover?c=QF757YsWv5%2FH7zGe%2FKF%2BFLYsuqGhRBfe p.4 782# The Kung Sheung Daily News 1946-04-21 (Chinese) 783# https://i.imgur.com/7ecmRlcm.png 784# https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk///c/portal/cover?c=QF757YsWv5%2BQBGt1%2BwUj5qG2GqtwR3Wh p.4 785# * According to the Summer Time Ordinance (1946), the fallback 786# transitions between 1946 and 1952 were at 03:30 Standard Time (+08) 787# http://oelawhk.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/bb74b06a74d5294620a15de560ab33c6.pdf 788# * Some other laws and regulations related to DST from 1953 to 1979 789# Summer Time Ordinance 1953 790# https://i.imgur.com/IOlJMav.jpg 791# Summer Time (Amendment) Ordinance 1965 792# https://i.imgur.com/8rofeLa.jpg 793# Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance (1966) 794# https://i.imgur.com/joy3msj.jpg 795# Emergency (Summer Time) Regulation 1973 <https://i.imgur.com/OpRWrKz.jpg> 796# Interpretation and General Clauses (Amendment) Ordinance 1977 797# https://i.imgur.com/RaNqnc4.jpg 798# Resolution of the Legislative Council passed on 9 May 1979 799# https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr78-79/english/lc_sitg/hansard/h790509.pdf#page=39 800 801# From Paul Eggert (2020-04-15): 802# Here are the dates given at 803# https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/Summertime.htm 804# as of 2020-02-10: 805# Year Period 806# 1941 15 Jun to 30 Sep 807# 1942 Whole year 808# 1943 Whole year 809# 1944 Whole year 810# 1945 Whole year 811# 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec 812# 1947 13 Apr to 30 Nov 813# 1948 2 May to 31 Oct 814# 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct 815# 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct 816# 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct 817# 1952 6 Apr to 2 Nov 818# 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov 819# 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct 820# 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov 821# 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov 822# 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov 823# 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov 824# 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov 825# 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov 826# 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov 827# 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov 828# 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov 829# 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov 830# 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct 831# 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct 832# 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct 833# 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct 834# 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct 835# 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct 836# 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct 837# 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct 838# 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct 839# 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 840# 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct 841# 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct 842# 1977 Nil 843# 1978 Nil 844# 1979 13 May to 21 Oct 845# 1980 to Now Nil 846# The page does not give times of day for transitions, 847# or dates for the 1942 and 1945 transitions. 848# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began 1941-12-25. 849 850# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 851Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 21 0:00 1:00 S 852Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30s 0 - 853Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30s 1:00 S 854Rule HK 1947 only - Nov 30 3:30s 0 - 855Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30s 1:00 S 856Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct Sun>=28 3:30s 0 - 857Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 858Rule HK 1953 1964 - Oct Sun>=31 3:30 0 - 859Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 860Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 861Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 862Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S 863Rule HK 1979 only - May 13 3:30 1:00 S 864Rule HK 1979 only - Oct 21 3:30 0 - 865# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 866Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 0:36:42 867 8:00 - HKT 1941 Jun 15 3:00 868 8:00 1:00 HKST 1941 Oct 1 4:00 869 8:00 0:30 HKWT 1941 Dec 25 870 9:00 - JST 1945 Nov 18 2:00 871 8:00 HK HK%sT 872 873############################################################################### 874 875# Taiwan 876 877# From smallufo (2010-04-03): 878# According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau], 879# http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm 880# Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30. 881 882# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 883# On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of 884# Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that 885# Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands 886# (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on 887# 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be 888# found on Wikisource: 889# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) 890# ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because 891# during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone 892# declared officially. 893# 894# Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa 895# Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of 896# revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard 897# time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in 898# western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan 899# territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time 900# (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can 901# be found on Wikisource: 902# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 903# 904# That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UT+9 on Oct 1, 1937. 905 906# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 907# I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UT+9 908# back to UT+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document 909# during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time 910# zone back to Western Standard Time (UT+8) on Sep 21. And in another 911# history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a 912# note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two 913# materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And 914# today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald" 915# from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact 916# that: 917# 918# 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using 919# the time at 135E (GMT+9) 920# 921# 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan 922# 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands, 923# as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called 924# Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8. 925# 926# 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the 927# territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard 928# Time. 929# 930# [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan: 931# http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037 932# [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site: 933# http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm 934# [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475: 935# http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf 936 937# Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03): 938# I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to 939# Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General 940# Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ... 941# [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local 942# bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on 943# Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more 944# official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the 945# top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this 946# would be a good one. 947# [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945: 948# http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener 949 950# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 951# In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from 952# Central Weather Bureau website was not correct. 953# 954# Original Bulletin: 955# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF 956# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.) 957# 958# In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that 959# telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government: 960# 961# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431 962# 963# Here is a brief translation: 964# 965# The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20 966# midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time 967# adoption till Oct 31 midnight. 968# 969# The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can 970# be found from historical government announcement database. 971 972# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03): 973# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01 974# until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger. 975# Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan. 976 977# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 978Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 979Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 980Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 981Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 982Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 983Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 984Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 985Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 986Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 987Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 988Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 989Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 990Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 991Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D 992Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 993 994# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 995# Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei 996Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1 997 8:00 - CST 1937 Oct 1 998 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00 999 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 1000 1001# Macau (Macao, Aomen) 1002# 1003# From P Chan (2018-05-10): 1004# * LegisMac 1005# http://legismac.safp.gov.mo/legismac/descqry/Descqry.jsf?lang=pt 1006# A database for searching titles of legal documents of Macau in 1007# Chinese and Portuguese. The term "HORÁRIO DE VERÃO" can be used for 1008# searching decrees about summer time. 1009# * Archives of Macao 1010# http://www.archives.gov.mo/en/bo/ 1011# It contains images of old official gazettes. 1012# * The Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau have a page listing the 1013# summer time history. But it is not complete and has some mistakes. 1014# http://www.smg.gov.mo/smg/geophysics/e_t_Summer%20Time.htm 1015# Macau adopted GMT+8 on 30 Oct 1904 to follow Hong Kong. Clocks were 1016# advanced by 25 minutes and 50 seconds. Which means the LMT used was 1017# +7:34:10. As stated in the "Portaria No. 204" dated 21 October 1904 1018# and published in the Official Gazette on 29 October 1904. 1019# http://igallery.icm.gov.mo/Images/Archives/BO/MO_AH_PUB_BO_1904_10/MO_AH_PUB_BO_1904_10_00025_Grey.JPG 1020# 1021# Therefore the 1911 decree of Portugal did not change time in Macau. 1022# 1023# From LegisMac, here is a list of decrees that changed the time ... 1024# [Decree Gazette-no. date; titles omitted in this quotation] 1025# DIL 732 BOCM 51 1941.12.20 1026# DIL 764 BOCM 9S 1942.04.30 1027# DIL 781 BOCM 21 1942.10.10 1028# PT 3434 BOCM 8S 1943.04.17 1029# PT 3504 BOCM 20 1943.09.25 1030# PT 3843 BOCM 39 1945.09.29 1031# PT 3961 BOCM 17 1946.04.27 1032# PT 4026 BOCM 39 1946.09.28 1033# PT 4153 BOCM 16 1947.04.10 1034# PT 4271 BOCM 48 1947.11.29 1035# PT 4374 BOCM 18 1948.05.01 1036# PT 4465 BOCM 44 1948.10.30 1037# PT 4590 BOCM 14 1949.04.02 1038# PT 4666 BOCM 44 1949.10.29 1039# PT 4771 BOCM 12 1950.03.25 1040# PT 4838 BOCM 43 1950.10.28 1041# PT 4946 BOCM 12 1951.03.24 1042# PT 5025 BO 43 1951.10.27 1043# PT 5149 BO 14 1952.04.05 1044# PT 5251 BO 43 1952.10.25 1045# PT 5366 BO 13 1953.03.28 1046# PT 5444 BO 44 1953.10.31 1047# PT 5540 BO 12 1954.03.20 1048# PT 5589 BO 44 1954.10.30 1049# PT 5676 BO 12 1955.03.19 1050# PT 5739 BO 45 1955.11.05 1051# PT 5823 BO 11 1956.03.17 1052# PT 5891 BO 44 1956.11.03 1053# PT 5981 BO 12 1957.03.23 1054# PT 6064 BO 43 1957.10.26 1055# PT 6172 BO 12 1958.03.22 1056# PT 6243 BO 43 1958.10.25 1057# PT 6341 BO 12 1959.03.21 1058# PT 6411 BO 43 1959.10.24 1059# PT 6514 BO 11 1960.03.12 1060# PT 6584 BO 44 1960.10.29 1061# PT 6721 BO 10 1961.03.11 1062# PT 6815 BO 43 1961.10.28 1063# PT 6947 BO 10 1962.03.10 1064# PT 7080 BO 43 1962.10.27 1065# PT 7218 BO 12 1963.03.23 1066# PT 7340 BO 43 1963.10.26 1067# PT 7491 BO 11 1964.03.14 1068# PT 7664 BO 43 1964.10.24 1069# PT 7846 BO 15 1965.04.10 1070# PT 7979 BO 42 1965.10.16 1071# PT 8146 BO 15 1966.04.09 1072# PT 8252 BO 41 1966.10.08 1073# PT 8429 BO 15 1967.04.15 1074# PT 8540 BO 41 1967.10.14 1075# PT 8735 BO 15 1968.04.13 1076# PT 8860 BO 41 1968.10.12 1077# PT 9035 BO 16 1969.04.19 1078# PT 9156 BO 42 1969.10.18 1079# PT 9328 BO 15 1970.04.11 1080# PT 9418 BO 41 1970.10.10 1081# PT 9587 BO 14 1971.04.03 1082# PT 9702 BO 41 1971.10.09 1083# PT 38-A/72 BO 14 1972.04.01 1084# PT 126-A/72 BO 41 1972.10.07 1085# PT 61/73 BO 14 1973.04.07 1086# PT 182/73 BO 40 1973.10.06 1087# PT 282/73 BO 51 1973.12.22 1088# PT 177/74 BO 41 1974.10.12 1089# PT 51/75 BO 15 1975.04.12 1090# PT 173/75 BO 41 1975.10.11 1091# PT 67/76/M BO 14 1976.04.03 1092# PT 169/76/M BO 41 1976.10.09 1093# PT 78/79/M BO 19 1979.05.12 1094# PT 166/79/M BO 42 1979.10.20 1095# Note that DIL 732 does not belong to "HORÁRIO DE VERÃO" according to 1096# LegisMac.... Note that between 1942 and 1945, the time switched 1097# between GMT+9 and GMT+10. Also in 1965 and 1965 the DST ended at 2:30am. 1098 1099# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-10): 1100# The 1904 decree says that Macau changed from the meridian of 1101# Fortaleza do Monte, presumably the basis for the 7:34:10 for LMT. 1102 1103# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1104Rule Macau 1942 1943 - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 - 1105Rule Macau 1942 only - Nov 17 23:00 0 - 1106Rule Macau 1943 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 S 1107Rule Macau 1946 only - Apr 30 23:00s 1:00 D 1108Rule Macau 1946 only - Sep 30 23:00s 0 S 1109Rule Macau 1947 only - Apr 19 23:00s 1:00 D 1110Rule Macau 1947 only - Nov 30 23:00s 0 S 1111Rule Macau 1948 only - May 2 23:00s 1:00 D 1112Rule Macau 1948 only - Oct 31 23:00s 0 S 1113Rule Macau 1949 1950 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 D 1114Rule Macau 1949 1950 - Oct lastSat 23:00s 0 S 1115Rule Macau 1951 only - Mar 31 23:00s 1:00 D 1116Rule Macau 1951 only - Oct 28 23:00s 0 S 1117Rule Macau 1952 1953 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 D 1118Rule Macau 1952 only - Nov 1 23:00s 0 S 1119Rule Macau 1953 1954 - Oct lastSat 23:00s 0 S 1120Rule Macau 1954 1956 - Mar Sat>=17 23:00s 1:00 D 1121Rule Macau 1955 only - Nov 5 23:00s 0 S 1122Rule Macau 1956 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 03:30 0 S 1123Rule Macau 1957 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 03:30 1:00 D 1124Rule Macau 1965 1973 - Apr Sun>=16 03:30 1:00 D 1125Rule Macau 1965 1966 - Oct Sun>=16 02:30 0 S 1126Rule Macau 1967 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 03:30 0 S 1127Rule Macau 1973 only - Dec 30 03:30 1:00 D 1128Rule Macau 1975 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 03:30 1:00 D 1129Rule Macau 1979 only - May 13 03:30 1:00 D 1130Rule Macau 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 03:30 0 S 1131 1132# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1133Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:10 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 1134 8:00 - CST 1941 Dec 21 23:00 1135 9:00 Macau +09/+10 1945 Sep 30 24:00 1136 8:00 Macau C%sT 1137 1138 1139############################################################################### 1140 1141# Cyprus 1142 1143# Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT. 1144# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 1145 1146# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09): 1147# Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's 1148# lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round. 1149# http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-clocks-back-next-month/ 1150# 1151# From Even Scharning (2016-10-31): 1152# Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night. 1153# http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-reality/ 1154 1155# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1156# Northern Cyprus will reinstate winter time on October 29, thus 1157# staying in sync with the rest of Cyprus. See: Anastasiou A. 1158# Cyprus to remain united in time. Cyprus Mail 2017-10-17. 1159# https://cyprus-mail.com/2017/10/17/cyprus-remain-united-time/ 1160 1161# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1162Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 1163Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 1164Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 1165Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 1166Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1167Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 1168Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 1169Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1170Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1171# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1172Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 1173 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 1174 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 1175Zone Asia/Famagusta 2:15:48 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 1176 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 1177 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 2016 Sep 8 1178 3:00 - +03 2017 Oct 29 1:00u 1179 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 1180 1181# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 1182# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 1183Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 1184 1185# Georgia 1186# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 1187# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 1188# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 1189# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 1190# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 1191# 1192# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 1193# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 1194# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 1195# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 1196# 1197# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 1198# 1199# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 1200# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 1201# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 1202# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 1203# Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 1204# of integration into Europe. 1205 1206# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 1207# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 1208# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 1209# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 1210# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 1211# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 1212# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 1213# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 1214# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 1215 1216# Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7. 1217# Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11. 1218# Go with Byalokoz. 1219 1220# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1221Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880 1222 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 1223 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 1224 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1225 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 1226 3:00 E-EurAsia +03/+04 1994 Sep lastSun 1227 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 1996 Oct lastSun 1228 4:00 1:00 +05 1997 Mar lastSun 1229 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 2004 Jun 27 1230 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 1231 4:00 - +04 1232 1233# East Timor 1234 1235# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. 1236 1237# From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 1238# East Timor may be late for its millennium 1239# <https://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31): 1240# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 1241# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 1242# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 1243# conflicts with their way of life. 1244 1245# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 1246# We don't have any record of the above attempt. 1247# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 1248 1249# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 1250# http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html 1251# (2000-08-16): 1252# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 1253# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 1254# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 1255# midnight on Saturday, September 16. 1256 1257# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1258Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1259 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 21 23:00 1260 9:00 - +09 1976 May 3 1261 8:00 - +08 2000 Sep 17 0:00 1262 9:00 - +09 1263 1264# India 1265 1266# British astronomer Henry Park Hollis disliked India Standard Time's offset: 1267# "A new time system has been proposed for India, Further India, and Burmah. 1268# The scheme suggested is that the times of the meridians 5½ and 6½ hours 1269# east of Greenwich should be adopted in these territories. No reason is 1270# given why hourly meridians five hours and six hours east should not be 1271# chosen; a plan which would bring the time of India into harmony with 1272# that of almost the whole of the civilised world." 1273# Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc. 1274# 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382 1275 1276# From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic 1277# https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/ 1278# (2015-12-22): 1279# In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the 1280# outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of 1281# local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this 1282# dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century. 1283 1284# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20): 1285# Good luck trying to nail down old timekeeping records in India. 1286# "... in the nineteenth century ... Madras Observatory took its magnetic 1287# measurements on Göttingen time, its meteorological measurements on Madras 1288# (local) time, dropped its time ball on Greenwich (ocean navigator's) time, 1289# and distributed civil (local time)." -- Bartky IR. Selling the true time: 1290# 19th-century timekeeping in america. Stanford U Press (2000), 247 note 19. 1291# "A more potent cause of resistance to the general adoption of the present 1292# standard time lies in the fact that it is Madras time. The citizen of 1293# Bombay, proud of being 'primus in Indis' and of Calcutta, equally proud of 1294# his city being the Capital of India, and - for a part of the year - the Seat 1295# of the Supreme Government, alike look down on Madras, and refuse to change 1296# the time they are using, for that of what they regard as a benighted 1297# Presidency; while Madras, having for long given the standard time to the 1298# rest of India, would resist the adoption of any other Indian standard in its 1299# place." -- Oldham RD. On Time in India: a suggestion for its improvement. 1300# Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (April 1899), 49-55. 1301# 1302# "In 1870 ... Madras time - 'now used by the telegraph and regulated from the 1303# only government observatory' - was suggested as a standard railway time, 1304# first to be adopted on the Great Indian Peninsular Railway (GIPR).... 1305# Calcutta, Bombay, and Karachi, were to be allowed to continue with their 1306# local time for civil purposes." - Prasad R. Tracks of Change: Railways and 1307# Everyday Life in Colonial India. Cambridge University Press (2016), 145. 1308# 1309# Reed S, Low F. The Indian Year Book 1936-37. Bennett, Coleman, pp 27-8. 1310# https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282212 1311# This lists +052110 as Madras local time used in railways, and says that on 1312# 1906-01-01 railways and telegraphs in India switched to +0530. Some 1313# municipalities retained their former time, and the time in Calcutta 1314# continued to depend on whether you were at the railway station or at 1315# government offices. Government time was at +055320 (according to Shanks) or 1316# at +0554 (according to the Indian Year Book). Railway time is more 1317# appropriate for our purposes, as it was better documented, it is what we do 1318# elsewhere (e.g., Europe/London before 1880), and after 1906 it was 1319# consistent in the region now identified by Asia/Kolkata. So, use railway 1320# time for 1870-1941. Shanks is our only (and dubious) source for the 1321# 1941-1945 data. 1322 1323# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1324Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1854 Jun 28 # Kolkata 1325 5:53:20 - HMT 1870 # Howrah Mean Time? 1326 5:21:10 - MMT 1906 Jan 1 # Madras local time 1327 5:30 - IST 1941 Oct 1328 5:30 1:00 +0630 1942 May 15 1329 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 1330 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15 1331 5:30 - IST 1332# Since 1970 the following are like Asia/Kolkata: 1333# Andaman Is 1334# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 1335# Nicobar Is 1336 1337# Indonesia 1338# 1339# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06): 1340# The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia 1341# civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta. 1342# 1343# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 1344# http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime 1345# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 1346# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 1347# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 1348# 1349# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): 1350# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. 1351# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in 1352# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and 1353# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus 1354# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. 1355# These would be the earliest possible times for a change. 1356# Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions 1357# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched 1358# from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura 1359# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura 1360# switched on 1945-09-23. 1361# 1362# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11): 1363# Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in 1364# Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even 1365# when writing in English. For example, see the English-language 1366# summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the 1367# Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology, 1368# Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29). 1369# The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are: 1370# 1371# WIB - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time) 1372# WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time) 1373# WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time) 1374# 1375# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1376# Java, Sumatra 1377Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 1378# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 1379# but this must be a typo. 1380 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia 1381 7:20 - +0720 1932 Nov 1382 7:30 - +0730 1942 Mar 23 1383 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 1384 7:30 - +0730 1948 May 1385 8:00 - +08 1950 May 1386 7:30 - +0730 1964 1387 7:00 - WIB 1388# west and central Borneo 1389Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 1390 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 1391 7:30 - +0730 1942 Jan 29 1392 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 1393 7:30 - +0730 1948 May 1394 8:00 - +08 1950 May 1395 7:30 - +0730 1964 1396 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1 1397 7:00 - WIB 1398# Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo 1399Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 1400 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 1401 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 9 1402 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 1403 8:00 - WITA 1404# Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua 1405Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 1406 9:00 - +09 1944 Sep 1 1407 9:30 - +0930 1964 1408 9:00 - WIT 1409 1410# Iran 1411 1412# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 1413# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 1414# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 1415# 1416# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 1417# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 1418# 1419# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 1420# 1421# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 1422# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 1423# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 1424# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 1425# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 1426# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 1427# 1428# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 1429# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 1430# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 1431# Shahrivar. 1432# 1433# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 1434# 1435# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 1436# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 1437# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 1438# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 1439# 1440# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 1441# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 1442# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 1443# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 1444# plan to change that law.... 1445# 1446# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-30): 1447# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 1448# I used the following code in GNU Emacs 26.1 to generate the "Rule Iran" 1449# lines from 2008 through 2087. Emacs 26.1 uses Ed Reingold's 1450# cal-persia implementation of Birashk's approximation, which in the 1451# 2008-2087 range disagrees with the astronomical Persian calendar 1452# for Persian years 1404 (Gregorian 2025) and 1437 (Gregorian 2058), so 1453# the following code special-cases those years. See Table 15.1, page 264, of: 1454# Edward M. Reingold and Nachum Dershowitz, Calendrical Calculations: 1455# The Ultimate Edition, Cambridge University Press (2018). 1456# https://www.cambridge.org/fr/academic/subjects/computer-science/computing-general-interest/calendrical-calculations-ultimate-edition-4th-edition 1457# Page 258, footnote 2, of this book says there is some dispute over what will 1458# happen in 2091 (and some other years after that), so this code 1459# stops in 2087, as 2088 and 2089 agree with the "max" rule below. 1460# (cl-loop 1461# initially (require 'cal-persia) 1462# with first-persian-year = 1387 1463# with last-persian-year = 1466 1464# ;; Exceptional years in the above range, 1465# ;; from Reingold & Dershowitz Table 15.1, page 264: 1466# with exceptional-persian-years = '(1404 1437) 1467# with range-start = nil 1468# for persian-year from first-persian-year to last-persian-year 1469# do 1470# (let* 1471# ((exceptional-year-offset 1472# (if (member persian-year exceptional-persian-years) 1 0)) 1473# (beg-dst-absolute 1474# (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 1 1 persian-year)) 1475# exceptional-year-offset)) 1476# (end-dst-absolute 1477# (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 6 30 persian-year)) 1478# exceptional-year-offset)) 1479# (next-year-beg-dst-absolute 1480# (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 1 1 (1+ persian-year))) 1481# (if (member (1+ persian-year) exceptional-persian-years) 1 0))) 1482# (beg-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute beg-dst-absolute)) 1483# (end-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute end-dst-absolute)) 1484# (next-year-beg-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute 1485# next-year-beg-dst-absolute)) 1486# (year (calendar-extract-year beg-dst)) 1487# (range-end (if range-start year "only"))) 1488# (setq range-start (or range-start year)) 1489# (when (or (/= (calendar-extract-day beg-dst) 1490# (calendar-extract-day next-year-beg-dst)) 1491# (= persian-year last-persian-year)) 1492# (insert 1493# (format 1494# "Rule\tIran\t%d\t%s\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\t-\n" 1495# range-start range-end 1496# (calendar-month-name (calendar-extract-month beg-dst) t) 1497# (calendar-extract-day beg-dst))) 1498# (insert 1499# (format 1500# "Rule\tIran\t%d\t%s\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n" 1501# range-start range-end 1502# (calendar-month-name (calendar-extract-month end-dst) t) 1503# (calendar-extract-day end-dst))) 1504# (setq range-start nil)))) 1505# 1506# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 1507# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 1508# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 1509# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 1510# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 1511# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 1512# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 1513# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 1514# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 1515# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 1516# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 1517# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 1518# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 1519# 1520# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 1521# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 1522# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 1523# 1524# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen: 1525# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce 1526# daylight saving time ... 1527# https://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 1528# 1529# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): 1530# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of 1531# Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 1532# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... 1533# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour 1534# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will 1535# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the 1536# thirtieth day of Shahrivar. 1537# 1538# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1539Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1540Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 20 24:00 0 - 1541Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 18 24:00 0 - 1542Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 22 24:00 0 - 1543Rule Iran 1991 only - May 2 24:00 1:00 - 1544Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1545Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1546Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1547Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1548Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1549Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1550Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1551Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1552Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1553Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1554Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1555Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1556Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1557Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1558Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1559Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1560Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1561Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1562Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1563Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1564Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1565Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1566Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1567Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1568Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1569Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1570Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1571Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1572Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1573Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1574Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1575Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1576Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1577Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1578Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1579Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1580Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1581Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1582Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1583Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1584Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1585Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1586Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1587Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1588Rule Iran 2038 2039 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1589Rule Iran 2038 2039 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1590Rule Iran 2040 2041 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1591Rule Iran 2040 2041 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1592Rule Iran 2042 2043 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1593Rule Iran 2042 2043 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1594Rule Iran 2044 2045 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1595Rule Iran 2044 2045 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1596Rule Iran 2046 2047 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1597Rule Iran 2046 2047 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1598Rule Iran 2048 2049 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1599Rule Iran 2048 2049 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1600Rule Iran 2050 2051 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1601Rule Iran 2050 2051 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1602Rule Iran 2052 2053 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1603Rule Iran 2052 2053 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1604Rule Iran 2054 2055 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1605Rule Iran 2054 2055 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1606Rule Iran 2056 2057 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1607Rule Iran 2056 2057 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1608Rule Iran 2058 2059 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1609Rule Iran 2058 2059 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1610Rule Iran 2060 2062 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1611Rule Iran 2060 2062 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1612Rule Iran 2063 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1613Rule Iran 2063 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1614Rule Iran 2064 2066 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1615Rule Iran 2064 2066 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1616Rule Iran 2067 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1617Rule Iran 2067 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1618Rule Iran 2068 2070 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1619Rule Iran 2068 2070 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1620Rule Iran 2071 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1621Rule Iran 2071 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1622Rule Iran 2072 2074 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1623Rule Iran 2072 2074 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1624Rule Iran 2075 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1625Rule Iran 2075 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1626Rule Iran 2076 2078 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1627Rule Iran 2076 2078 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1628Rule Iran 2079 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1629Rule Iran 2079 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1630Rule Iran 2080 2082 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1631Rule Iran 2080 2082 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1632Rule Iran 2083 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1633Rule Iran 2083 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1634Rule Iran 2084 2086 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1635Rule Iran 2084 2086 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1636Rule Iran 2087 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1637Rule Iran 2087 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1638# 1639# The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2088. 1640# These are the best post-2088 approximations available, given the 1641# restrictions of a single rule using ordinary Gregorian dates. 1642# At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite 1643# possibly Iran will change the rules first. 1644Rule Iran 2088 max - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1645Rule Iran 2088 max - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1646 1647# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1648Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 1649 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 1650 3:30 - +0330 1977 Nov 1651 4:00 Iran +04/+05 1979 1652 3:30 Iran +0330/+0430 1653 1654 1655# Iraq 1656# 1657# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 1658# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 1659# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 1660# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 1661# are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 1662# 1663# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 1664# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 1665# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 1666# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 1667# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 1668# 1669# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 1670 1671# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): 1672# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following 1673# news sources (in Arabic): 1674# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html 1675# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 1676# 1677# We have published a short article in English about the change: 1678# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html 1679 1680# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1681Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 - 1682Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1683Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 - 1684Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 - 1685Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1686Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 - 1687# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo. 1688# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 1689# 1690Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 - 1691Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 - 1692# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1693Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 1694 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 1695 3:00 - +03 1982 May 1696 3:00 Iraq +03/+04 1697 1698 1699############################################################################### 1700 1701# Israel 1702 1703# For more info about the motivation for DST in Israel, see: 1704# Barak Y. Israel's Daylight Saving Time controversy. Israel Affairs. 1705# 2020-08-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2020.1806564 1706 1707# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 1708# 1709# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 1710# different abbreviations in use: 1711# 1712# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 1713# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 1714# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 1715# 1716# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 1717# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 1718# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 1719# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 1720# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 1721# settings in Israeli computers. 1722# 1723# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 1724# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 1725# family is from India). 1726 1727# From Shanks & Pottenger: 1728# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1729Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 1730Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1731Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1732Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1733Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1734Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1735Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 1736Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1737Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 1738Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 1739Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1740Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 1741Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1742Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 1743Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1744Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 1745Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 1746Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 1747Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 1748Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 1749Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 1750Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 1751Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 1752Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 1753Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 1754Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 1755Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 1756Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1757Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 1758Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 1759Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 1760Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 1761 1762# From Alois Treindl (2019-03-06): 1763# http://www.moin.gov.il/Documents/שעון%20קיץ/clock-50-years-7-2014.pdf 1764# From Isaac Starkman (2019-03-06): 1765# Summer time was in that period in 1980 and 1984, see 1766# https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3951073,00.html 1767# You can of course read it in translation. 1768# I checked the local newspapers for that years. 1769# It started on midnight and end at 01.00 am. 1770# From Paul Eggert (2019-03-06): 1771# Also see this thread about the moin.gov.il URL: 1772# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-November/027194.html 1773Rule Zion 1980 only - Aug 2 0:00 1:00 D 1774Rule Zion 1980 only - Sep 13 1:00 0 S 1775Rule Zion 1984 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D 1776Rule Zion 1984 only - Aug 25 1:00 0 S 1777 1778# From Shanks & Pottenger: 1779Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 1780Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 1781Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 1782Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 1783Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 1784Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1785 1786# From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05): 1787# I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the 1788# [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath 1789# ends and changes to Sunday. 1790Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D 1791Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S 1792 1793# From Ephraim Silverberg 1794# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 1795# and 2005-02-17): 1796 1797# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 1798# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 1799# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 1800# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 1801# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 1802# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 1803# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 1804# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 1805# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 1806# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 1807# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 1808# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 1809# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 1810# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 1811# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 1812# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 1813# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 1814# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 1815# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 1816# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 1817# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 1818# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 1819 1820# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1821Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 1822Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1823Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 1824Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 1825Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 1826Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 1827Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 1828Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1829Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 1830Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 1831 1832# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 1833# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 1834# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 1835 1836# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1837Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1838Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 1839Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1840Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1841 1842# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 1843# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 1844# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 1845# 1846# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 1847# 1848# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 1849# 1850# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 1851# 1852# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 1853# 1854# where YYYY is the relevant year. 1855 1856# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1857Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 1858Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 1859Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1860Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 1861Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 1862Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1863Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 1864Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 1865 1866# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 1867# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 1868# years 2001-2004 as well. 1869# 1870# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 1871# 1872# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 1873# 1874# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 1875# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 1876# 1877# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 1878 1879# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1880Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 1881Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 1882Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 1883Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 1884Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 1885Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 1886Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 1887Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 1888Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 1889Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 1890 1891# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 1892# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 1893# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 1894# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 1895# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 1896# 1897# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 1898# 1899# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 1900 1901# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1902Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Apr Fri<=1 2:00 1:00 D 1903Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1904Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 1905Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1906Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 1907Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1908Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1909Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1910Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 1911 1912# From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27): 1913# On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the 1914# Time Decree Law. The next day, the changes passed the First Reading 1915# in the Knesset. The law is expected to pass the Second and Third 1916# (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013. 1917# 1918# As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday 1919# in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October. 1920 1921# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1922Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D 1923Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 1924 1925# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1926Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880 1927 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 1928 2:00 Zion I%sT 1929 1930 1931 1932############################################################################### 1933 1934# Japan 1935 1936# '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris. 1937 1938# From Paul Eggert (2020-01-19): 1939# Starting in the 7th century, Japan generally followed an ancient Chinese 1940# timekeeping system that divided night and day into six hours each, 1941# with hour length depending on season. In 1873 the government 1942# started requiring the use of a Western style 24-hour clock. See: 1943# Yulia Frumer, "Making Time: Astronomical Time Measurement in Tokugawa Japan" 1944# <https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1043907065>. As the tzdb code and 1945# data support only 24-hour clocks, its tables model timestamps before 1946# 1873 using Western-style local mean time. 1947 1948# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 1949# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 1950# Observatory: 139° 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 35° 39' 16.0" N. 1951# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 1952# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 1953# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 1954# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 1955 1956# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 1957# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 1958# which stands for the time on 135° E. 1959# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 1960# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 1961# time", which stands for the time on 120° E.... But "western standard 1962# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 1963# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 1964# standard.... 1965# 1966# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 1967# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 1968 1969# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 1970# ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause 1971# about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. 1972# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) 1973# 1974# ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which 1975# means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan 1976# Central Time (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. 1977# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 1978 1979# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 1980# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 1981# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued 1982# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours." 1983 1984# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times: 1985# http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm 1986# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 1987# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 1988# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 1989# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 1990# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 1991# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 1992# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 1993# wanted to keep it.) 1994 1995# From Takayuki Nikai (2018-01-19): 1996# The source of information is Japanese law. 1997# http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00219480428029.htm 1998# http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00719500331039.htm 1999# ... In summary, it is written as follows. From 24:00 on the first Saturday 2000# in May, until 0:00 on the day after the second Saturday in September. 2001 2002# From Phake Nick (2018-09-27): 2003# [T]he webpage authored by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2004# https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/wiki/BBFEB9EF2FB2C6BBFEB9EF.html 2005# ... mentioned that using Showa 23 (year 1948) as example, 13pm of September 2006# 11 in summer time will equal to 0am of September 12 in standard time. 2007# It cited a document issued by the Liaison Office which briefly existed 2008# during the postwar period of Japan, where the detail on implementation 2009# of the summer time is described in the document. 2010# https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/wiki/BBFEB9EF2FB2C6BBFEB9EFB2C6BBFEB9EFA4CEBCC2BBDCA4CBA4C4A4A4A4C6.pdf 2011# The text in the document do instruct a fall back to occur at 2012# September 11, 13pm in summer time, while ordinary citizens can 2013# change the clock before they sleep. 2014# 2015# From Paul Eggert (2018-09-27): 2016# This instruction is equivalent to "Sat>=8 25:00", so use that. zic treats 2017# it like "Sun>=9 01:00", which is not quite the same but is the best we can 2018# do in any POSIX or C platform. The "25:00" assumes zic from 2007 or later, 2019# which should be safe now. 2020 2021# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2022Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D 2023Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 25:00 0 S 2024Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D 2025Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D 2026 2027# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2028Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 2029 9:00 Japan J%sT 2030# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo, 2031# except that Truk (Chuuk), Ponape (Pohnpei), and Jaluit (Kosrae) did not 2032# switch from +10 to +09 until 1941-04-01; see the 'australasia' file. 2033 2034# Jordan 2035# 2036# From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html> 2037# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 2038# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 2039# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 2040# all year round. 2041# 2042# From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html> 2043# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 2044# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 2045# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 2046# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 2047# government's departments from six to seven hours. 2048# 2049# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 2050# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 2051# 2052# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 2053# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 2054# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 2055# 2056# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: 2057# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm 2058# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". 2059# 2060 2061# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): 2062# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): 2063# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 2064# 2065# Google's translation: 2066# 2067# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely 2068# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday 2069# > of the month of March of each year. 2070# 2071# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. 2072 2073# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): 2074# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. 2075 2076# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25): 2077# Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not 2078# switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST 2079# until about the same time next year (at least). 2080# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950 2081 2082# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11): 2083# Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to 2084# UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight: 2085# http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime 2086# Official, in Arabic: 2087# http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14 2088# ... Our background/permalink about it 2089# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html 2090# ... 2091# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P 2092# ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future 2093# (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule). 2094 2095# From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11): 2096# As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST. 2097 2098# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2099Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 2100Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2101Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2102Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2103Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2104Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 2105Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2106Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2107Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2108Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2109Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 2110Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 2111Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 2112Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 2113Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 2114Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 2115Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 2116Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2117Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 2118Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 2119Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 2120Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 2121Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 2122Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 2123Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 2124Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 2125Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 2126Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 2127Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 - 2128Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 2129Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 2130# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2131Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 2132 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 2133 2134 2135# Kazakhstan 2136 2137# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11 2138# <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21): 2139# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 2140# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 2141# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 2142# 2143# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 2144# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 2145# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 2146# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 2147# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 2148# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtöbe, Atyraū, 2149# Mangghystaū, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 2150# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 2151# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 2152 2153# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27): 2154# Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/ 2155# produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan: 2156# 2157# 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR 2158# from 1991-02-04 No. 20 2159# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545 2160# removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR 2161# starting with the last Sunday of March 1991. 2162# It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR, 2163# Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time. 2164# 2165# The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers 2166# of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet 2167# of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its 2168# text. 2169# 2170# According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20 2171# -- page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via 2172# http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564 -- on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during 2173# transition to "summer" time: 2174# Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova, 2175# Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug 2176# were to move clocks 1 hour forward. 2177# Kazakh SSR (excluding Uralsk oblast); Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Tajik 2178# SSR; Andijan, Jizzakh, Namangan, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Fergana oblasts 2179# of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards. 2180# Other territories were to not move clocks. 2181# When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be 2182# moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding 2183# Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan. 2184# 2185# Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170 2186# was one of such changes. 2187# 2188# https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное_время 2189# claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that 2190# Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast) 2191# were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks 2192# forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards. 2193# (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an 2194# article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not 2195# move clocks.) 2196# 2197# This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while 2198# the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06 2199# to +04/+05. It's unclear how Qyzylorda oblast moved into the fifth 2200# time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ... 2201# 2202# 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2203# from 1992-01-13 No. 28 2204# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_ 2205# (text includes modification from the 1996 act) 2206# introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian 2207# 1992-01-08 act. It specified that time would be calculated 2208# according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks 2209# on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at 2210# 2:00, specified DST rules. It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was 2211# located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the 2212# border between them to be located east of Qostanay and Aktyubinsk 2213# oblasts (notably including Turgai and Qyzylorda oblasts into the fifth 2214# time belt). 2215# 2216# This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for 2217# Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyraū and Qostanay oblasts; from 2218# +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk).... 2219# 2220# 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2221# from 1992-03-27 No. 284 2222# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_ 2223# cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Qyzylorda oblasts 2224# since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth 2225# and the fifth time belts respectively. 2226# 2227# 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2228# from 1994-09-23 No. 384 2229# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_ 2230# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangghystaū 2231# oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on 2232# the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a 2233# result).... 2234# 2235# 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2236# from 1996-05-08 No. 575 2237# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_ 2238# amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead 2239# of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act. 2240# 2241# 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2242# from 1999-03-26 No. 305 2243# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_ 2244# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyraū oblast since the 2245# last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth 2246# time belt. 2247# 2248# This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05.... 2249# 2250# 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2251# from 2000-11-23 No. 1749 2252# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000 2253# replaces the previous five documents. 2254# 2255# The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the 2256# fourth and the fifth time belts. They account for changes in spelling 2257# and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997 2258# probably changed time in territories incorporated into Qostanay oblast 2259# (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Qyzylorda oblast 2260# from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the 2261# fourth time belt (no change in practice). 2262# 2263# 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2264# from 2003-12-29 No. 1342 2265# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_ 2266# modified the 2000-11-23 act. No relevant changes, apparently. 2267# 2268# 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2269# from 2004-07-20 No. 775 2270# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004 2271# modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Qostanay and Qyzylorda oblasts into 2272# the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not 2273# using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time 2274# zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07). The changes were to be implemented 2275# during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically 2276# amended before implementation happened. 2277# 2278# 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2279# from 2004-09-15 No. 1059 2280# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_ 2281# modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time" 2282# (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the 2283# 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyraū, West Kazakhstan, 2284# Qostanay, Qyzylorda and Mangghystaū oblasts by not moving clocks 2285# during the 2004 transition to "winter" time. 2286# 2287# This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyraū oblast (no 2288# zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to 2289# +06/+07 for Qostanay oblast (Qostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently) 2290# and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00.... 2291# 2292# 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2293# from 2005-03-15 No. 231 2294# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_ 2295# removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the 2296# (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15 2297# acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication. 2298# The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer 2299# time. 2300# 2301# Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation 2302# No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details]. 2303# Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27 2304# act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992. 2305 2306# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-08): 2307# Turgai reorganization should affect only southern part of Qostanay 2308# oblast. Which should probably be separated into Asia/Arkalyk zone. 2309# (There were also 1970, 1988 and 1990 Turgai oblast reorganizations 2310# according to wikipedia.) 2311# 2312# [For Qostanay] http://www.ng.kz/gazeta/195/hranit/ 2313# suggests that clocks were to be moved 40 minutes backwards on 2314# 1920-01-01 to the fourth time belt. But I do not understand 2315# how that could happen.... 2316# 2317# [For Atyrau and Oral] 1919 decree 2318# (http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-1919-02-08.html 2319# and in Byalokoz) lists Ural river (plus 10 versts on its left bank) in 2320# the third time belt (before 1930 this means +03). 2321 2322# From Alexander Konzurovski (2018-12-20): 2323# Qyzyolrda Region (Asia/Qyzylorda) is changing its time zone from 2324# UTC+6 to UTC+5 effective December 21st, 2018. The legal document is 2325# located here: http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P1800000817 (russian language). 2326 2327# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2328# 2329# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 2330# This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA, 2331# KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ. 2332Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 2333 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 2334 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2335 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2336 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2337 6:00 - +06 2338# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY) 2339Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 2340 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 2341 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 2342 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 2343 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2344 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2345 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2346 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2347 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2348 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2349 6:00 - +06 2018 Dec 21 0:00 2350 5:00 - +05 2351# 2352# Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-KUS) 2353# The 1991/2 rules are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai 2354# reorganization. 2355Zone Asia/Qostanay 4:14:28 - LMT 1924 May 2 2356 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 2357 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 2358 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 2359 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2360 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2361 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2362 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2363 6:00 - +06 2364 2365# Aqtöbe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT) 2366Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 2367 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 2368 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 2369 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 2370 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2371 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2372 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2373 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2374 5:00 - +05 2375# Mangghystaū (KZ-MAN) 2376# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 2377# so include timestamps before 1963. 2378Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 2379 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 2380 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1 2381 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2382 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2383 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2384 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25 2:00s 2385 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2386 5:00 - +05 2387# Atyraū (KZ-ATY) is like Mangghystaū except it switched from 2388# +04/+05 to +05/+06 in spring 1999, not fall 1994. 2389Zone Asia/Atyrau 3:27:44 - LMT 1924 May 2 2390 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2391 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1 2392 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2393 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2394 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2395 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1999 Mar 28 2:00s 2396 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2397 5:00 - +05 2398# West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP) 2399# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2400# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2401Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 2402 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2403 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 2404 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 2405 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2406 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2407 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2408 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2409 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2410 5:00 - +05 2411 2412# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 2413# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2414 2415# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 2416# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 2417# http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml 2418# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 2419# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 2420# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 2421# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 2422# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 2423 2424# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2425Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 - 2426Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2427Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 - 2428Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 2429# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2430Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 2431 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 2432 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2433 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Aug 31 2:00 2434 5:00 Kyrgyz +05/+06 2005 Aug 12 2435 6:00 - +06 2436 2437############################################################################### 2438 2439# Korea (North and South) 2440 2441# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10): 2442# http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012 2443# Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it 2444# during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced 2445# between 1987 and 1988 ... 2446 2447# From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29): 2448# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html 2449# According to the Korean Wikipedia 2450# https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시 2451# [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC] 2452# DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old 2453# newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia. 2454# For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST 2455# started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in 2456# 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year. 2457 2458# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 2459# 1. According to official announcement from Korean government, the DST end 2460# date in South Korea should be 2461# 1955-09-08 without specifying time 2462# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027977557 2463# 1956-09-29 without specifying time 2464# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027978341 2465# 1957-09-21 24 o'clock 2466# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027979690#3 2467# 1958-09-20 24 o'clock 2468# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027981189 2469# 1959-09-19 24 o'clock 2470# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027982974#2 2471# 1960-09-17 24 o'clock 2472# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0028044104 2473# ... 2474# 2.... https://namu.wiki/w/대한민국%20표준시 ... [says] 2475# when Korea was using GMT+8:30 as standard time, the international 2476# aviation/marine/meteorological industry in the country refused to 2477# follow and continued to use GMT+9:00 for interoperability. 2478 2479 2480# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2481Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 2482Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 12 24:00 0 S 2483Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D 2484Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sat>=7 24:00 0 S 2485Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 2486Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D 2487Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D 2488Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 8 24:00 0 S 2489Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D 2490Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 29 24:00 0 S 2491Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D 2492Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sat>=17 24:00 0 S 2493Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 2494Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S 2495 2496# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23): 2497# The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets: 2498# 2499# 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5) 2500# 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367 2501# (Announcement No. 338) 2502# 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17) 2503# 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07) 2504# 2505# (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30 2506# edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.) 2507# 2508# I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same 2509# rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST 2510# when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII. 2511# 2512# For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we 2513# have no information otherwise. 2514 2515# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07): 2516# According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to 2517# the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example: 2518# http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049 2519# 2520# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15): 2521# Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See: 2522# Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time' 2523# http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html 2524# There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone. 2525# Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK. 2526 2527# From Kang Seonghoon (2018-04-29): 2528# North Korea will revert its time zone from UTC+8:30 (PYT; Pyongyang 2529# Time) back to UTC+9 (KST; Korea Standard Time). 2530# 2531# From Seo Sanghyeon (2018-04-30): 2532# Rodong Sinmun 2018-04-30 announced Pyongyang Time transition plan. 2533# https://www.nknews.org/kcna/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2018/04/rodong-2018-04-30.pdf 2534# ... the transition date is 2018-05-05 ... Citation should be Decree 2535# No. 2232 of April 30, 2018, of the Presidium of the Supreme People's 2536# Assembly, as published in Rodong Sinmun. 2537# From Tim Parenti (2018-04-29): 2538# It appears to be the front page story at the top in the right-most column. 2539# 2540# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-04): 2541# The BBC reported that the transition was from 23:30 to 24:00 today. 2542# https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44010705 2543 2544# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2545Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 2546 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 2547 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8 2548 9:00 ROK K%sT 1954 Mar 21 2549 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 2550 9:00 ROK K%sT 2551Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 2552 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 2553 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24 2554 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00 2555 8:30 - KST 2018 May 4 23:30 2556 9:00 - KST 2557 2558############################################################################### 2559 2560# Kuwait 2561# See Asia/Riyadh. 2562 2563# Laos 2564# See Asia/Bangkok. 2565 2566 2567# Lebanon 2568# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2569Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 2570Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 2571Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 2572Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 2573Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2574Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2575Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 2576Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 2577Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2578Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2579Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 2580Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2581Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2582Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 2583Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2584Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2585Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 2586Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2587Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2588Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2589Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 2590Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 2591Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2592Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 2593# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2594Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 2595 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 2596 2597# Malaysia 2598# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2599Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 - 2600Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 2601# 2602# peninsular Malaysia 2603# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 2604# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html 2605# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2606Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 2607 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 2608 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1 2609 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1 2610 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1 2611 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16 2612 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 2613 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1 2614 8:00 - +08 2615# Sabah & Sarawak 2616# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12): 2617# The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 2618# and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 2619# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2620Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 2621 7:30 - +0730 1933 2622 8:00 NBorneo +08/+0820 1942 Feb 16 2623 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 2624 8:00 - +08 2625 2626# Maldives 2627# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2628Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Malé 2629 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Malé Mean Time 2630 5:00 - +05 2631 2632# Mongolia 2633 2634# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 2635# The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World 2636# (2005-03) both say that it has just one. 2637 2638# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 2639# General Information Mongolia 2640# <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09) 2641# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 2642# Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 2643# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 2644# eight hours." 2645 2646# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 2647# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 2648# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 2649# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 2650# of implementation may have been different.... 2651# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 2652# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 2653# Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii. 2654 2655# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 2656# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 2657# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 2658# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 2659# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 2660# is good enough for our purposes. 2661 2662# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 2663# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 2664# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 2665# there are three time zones. 2666# 2667# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 2668# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv, 2669# Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi 2670# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar 2671# 2672# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 2673 2674# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 2675# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 2676# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 2677# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 2678# 2679# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 2680# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 2681# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 2682 2683# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 2684# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 2685# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 2686# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 2687# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that 2688# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST. 2689# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 2690# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 2691# He also found 2692# http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1& 2693# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 2694# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 2695# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 2696# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 2697# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 2698# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 2699# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 2700 2701# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): 2702# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. 2703# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... 2704# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 2705 2706# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): 2707# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for 2708# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT 2709# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz 2710# database on this, e.g.: 2711# 2712# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 2713# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx 2714# 2715# both say GMT+08:00. 2716 2717# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): 2718# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight 2719# schedule here: 2720# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 2721# (click the English flag for English) 2722# 2723# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive 2724# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the 2725# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern 2726# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are 2727# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and 2728# Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). 2729 2730# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 2731# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. 2732# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition 2733# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); 2734# this is almost surely wrong. 2735 2736# From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10): 2737# It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use 2738# daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of 2739# March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of 2740# September daylight saving time ends. Source: 2741# http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969 2742 2743# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2744Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 - 2745Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2746# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 2747# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 2748# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 2749# 2750# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 2751# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place 2752# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 2753# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 2754# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 2755# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 2756 2757# From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2017-02-09): 2758# Mongolian Government meeting has concluded today to cancel daylight 2759# saving time adoption in Mongolia. Source: http://zasag.mn/news/view/16192 2760 2761Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 - 2762Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2763# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 2764Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 - 2765Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 2766Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 - 2767Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 - 2768Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 - 2769 2770# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2771# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 2772Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 2773 6:00 - +06 1978 2774 7:00 Mongol +07/+08 2775# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 2776Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 2777 7:00 - +07 1978 2778 8:00 Mongol +08/+09 2779# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 2780# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 2781Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 2782 7:00 - +07 1978 2783 8:00 - +08 1983 Apr 2784 9:00 Mongol +09/+10 2008 Mar 31 2785 8:00 Mongol +08/+09 2786 2787# Nepal 2788# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2789Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 2790 5:30 - +0530 1986 2791 5:45 - +0545 2792 2793# Oman 2794# See Asia/Dubai. 2795 2796# Pakistan 2797 2798# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 2799# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 2800# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 2801# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 2802# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 2803# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 2804 2805# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 2806# Jesper Nørgaard found this URL: 2807# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 2808# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 2809# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 2810# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 2811# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 2812# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 2813# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 2814# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 2815# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 2816 2817# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 2818# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 2819# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 2820 2821# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 2822# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 2823# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 2824# 2825# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 2826# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 2827# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 2828# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 2829# 2830# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 2831# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 2832 2833# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): 2834# 2835# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 2836# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. 2837# 2838# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to 2839# help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 2840# 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...." 2841# 2842# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html 2843# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4 2844 2845# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 2846# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. 2847 2848# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2849# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced 2850# for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 2851# instead of August 31. 2852# 2853# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html 2854# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html 2855 2856# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): 2857# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to 2858# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance 2859# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in 2860# official working." 2861# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 2862# 2863# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to 2864# introduce DST from April 15, 2009 2865# 2866# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan 2867# April 08, 2009 2868# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 2869# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 2870# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html 2871# 2872# .... 2873# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to 2874# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to 2875# conserve energy" 2876 2877# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): 2878# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal 2879# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the 2880# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to 2881# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in 2882# this regard." 2883# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 2884 2885# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): 2886# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 2887# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from 2888# October 1, 2009. 2889# 2890# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" 2891# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 2892# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm 2893# 2894# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): 2895# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: 2896# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 2897# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. 2898# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on 2899# Monday." 2900# 2901# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: 2902# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour 2903# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without 2904# obtaining prior approval, the officials added." 2905# 2906# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of 2907# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: 2908# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html 2909 2910# From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01): 2911# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan 2912# will go back to standard time on 1st of November. 2913 2914# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26): 2915# Steffen Thorsen wrote: 2916# > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in 2917# > Pakistan on 2010-04-01. 2918# > 2919# > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the 2920# > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time 2921# > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but 2922# > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15. 2923# Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final: 2924# 2925# "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks" 2926# http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041 2927# 2928# "People laud PM's announcement to end DST" 2929# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2 2930 2931# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2932Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 2933Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 2934Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2935Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2936Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 2937 2938# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2939Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 2940 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep 2941 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15 2942 5:30 - +0530 1951 Sep 30 2943 5:00 - +05 1971 Mar 26 2944 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 2945 2946# Palestine 2947 2948# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 2949# 2950# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 2951# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 2952# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 2953# 2954# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 2955# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 2956# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 2957# though. 2958# 2959# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 2960# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 2961# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 2962# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 2963# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 2964# East Jerusalem. 2965# 2966# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 2967# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 2968# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 2969# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 2970# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 2971# 2972# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 2973# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 2974# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 2975# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 2976# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 2977# Jordanian one). 2978# 2979# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 2980# 2981# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 2982# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 2983# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 2984# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 2985# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 2986# 2987# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 2988# have one). 2989 2990# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2991# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 2992# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 2993# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 2994# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 2995# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 2996# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 2997# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 2998# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 2999# to Palestine's rules. 3000 3001# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 3002# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 3003# 3004# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 3005# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 3006# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 3007# the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 3008 3009# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 3010# Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc 3011# http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html 3012# (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 3013# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 3014# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 3015# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 3016# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 3017 3018# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 3019# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 3020 3021# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 3022# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 3023# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 3024# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 3025# earlier - the same goes for Jordan. 3026 3027# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): 3028# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the 3029# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I 3030# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not 3031# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if 3032# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as 3033# the West Bank. 3034 3035# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): 3036# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): 3037# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 3038# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule 3039# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn 3040# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. 3041# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, 3042# because of the Ramadan. 3043 3044# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18): 3045# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the 3046# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. 3047 3048# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): 3049# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when 3050# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit 3051# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. 3052# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be 3053# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. 3054 3055# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 3056# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. 3057# 3058# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while 3059# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). 3060# 3061# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 3062# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 3063# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html 3064 3065# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): 3066# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian 3067# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March 3068# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. 3069# 3070# (in Arabic) 3071# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 3072# 3073# (English translation) 3074# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html 3075 3076# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): 3077# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to 3078# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. 3079# 3080# One news source: 3081# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 3082# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), 3083# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah 3084# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of 3085# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty 3086# minutes per hour as of Friday morning." 3087# 3088# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different 3089# end date, we will keep this page updated: 3090# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html 3091 3092# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): 3093# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. 3094# 3095# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan 3096# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. 3097# 3098# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" 3099# (from Palestinian National Authority): 3100# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 3101# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html 3102 3103# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19): 3104# According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March 3105# 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri 3106# (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?) 3107# 3108# http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697 3109# (in Arabic) 3110# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html 3111 3112# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24): 3113# ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will 3114# start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or 3115# noon though: 3116# 3117# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178 3118# (Ma'an News Agency) 3119# "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to 3120# 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning." 3121 3122# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11): 3123# According to several sources, including 3124# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795 3125# the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in 3126# Gaza and the West Bank. 3127# Some more background info: 3128# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html 3129 3130# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26): 3131# Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of 3132# August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30 3133# 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of 3134# Ramadan. 3135# 3136# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217 3137# Additional info: 3138# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html 3139 3140# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27): 3141# According to the article in The Jerusalem Post: 3142# "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to 3143# move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the 3144# Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back. 3145# The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after 3146# the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..." 3147# ... 3148# https://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650 3149# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html 3150# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file. 3151 3152# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30): 3153# West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30 3154# 00:00). 3155# So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again. 3156# 3157# Many sources, including: 3158# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808 3159 3160# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 3161# Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST 3162# on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00). 3163# Some of many sources in Arabic: 3164# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638 3165# 3166# http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html 3167# 3168# Our brief summary: 3169# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html 3170 3171# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26): 3172# The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving 3173# time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated). 3174# [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.] 3175# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120 3176# http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html 3177 3178# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24): 3179# The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight 3180# (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...). 3181# This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect 3182# at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip": 3183# http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246 3184# official source...: 3185# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252 3186 3187# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03): 3188# Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257 3189# and https://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will 3190# start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected. 3191# 3192# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03): 3193# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014 3194# says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00. 3195 3196# From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09): 3197# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728 3198# [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight 3199# saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning, 3200# 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead." 3201 3202# From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19): 3203# [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on 3204# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf 3205# states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00. 3206 3207# From Sharef Mustafa (2018-03-16): 3208# Palestine summer time will start on Mar 24th 2018 ... 3209# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e7a42ab7-ee23-435a-b9c8-a4f7e81f3817 3210 3211# From Even Scharning (2019-03-23): 3212# http://pnn.ps/news/401130 3213# http://palweather.ps/ar/node/50136.html 3214# 3215# From Sharif Mustafa (2019-03-26): 3216# The Palestinian cabinet announced today that the switch to DST will 3217# be on Fri Mar 29th 2019 by advancing the clock by 60 minutes. 3218# http://palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e54e9ea1-50ee-4137-84df-0d6c78da259b 3219# 3220# From Even Scharning (2019-04-10): 3221# Our source in Palestine said it happened Friday 29 at 00:00 local time.... 3222 3223# From Sharef Mustafa (2019-10-18): 3224# Palestine summer time will end on midnight Oct 26th 2019 ... 3225# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/website/ar/ViewDetails?ID=43948 3226# 3227# From Paul Eggert (2019-04-10): 3228# For now, guess spring-ahead transitions are March's last Friday at 00:00. 3229# 3230# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-19): 3231# Predict fall transitions on October's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on. 3232 3233# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3234Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 3235Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3236Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3237Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 3238Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 3239Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 3240 3241Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 3242Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 3243Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 3244Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 3245Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3246Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 3247Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - 3248Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 3249Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 3250Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 - 3251Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 3252Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 - 3253Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S 3254Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 3255Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S 3256Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 3257Rule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 3258Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 - 3259Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 - 3260Rule Palestine 2014 2015 - Oct Fri>=21 0:00 0 - 3261Rule Palestine 2015 only - Mar lastFri 24:00 1:00 S 3262Rule Palestine 2016 2018 - Mar Sat>=24 1:00 1:00 S 3263Rule Palestine 2016 max - Oct lastSat 1:00 0 - 3264Rule Palestine 2019 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 3265 3266# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3267Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 3268 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15 3269 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 3270 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 3271 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 3272 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00 3273 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep 3274 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010 3275 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01 3276 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1 3277 2:00 - EET 2012 3278 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 3279 3280Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct 3281 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15 3282 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 3283 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 3284 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 3285 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 3286 3287# Paracel Is 3288# no information 3289 3290# Philippines 3291 3292# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 3293# The Spanish initially used American (west-of-Greenwich) time. 3294# It is unknown what time Manila kept when the British occupied it from 3295# 1762-10-06 through 1764-04; for now assume it kept American time. 3296# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the 3297# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 3298# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's 3299# History of the International Date Line 3300# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm 3301# The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger. 3302 3303# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26): 3304# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: 3305# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ 3306# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, 3307# but no details] 3308 3309# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14): 3310# The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again 3311# March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed 3312# during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details. 3313# Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time. 3314# Philippine Star 2014-08-05 3315# http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time 3316 3317# From Paul Goyette (2018-06-15): 3318# In the Philippines, there is a national law, Republic Act No. 10535 3319# which declares the official time here as "Philippine Standard Time". 3320# The act [1] even specifies use of PST as the abbreviation, although 3321# the FAQ provided by PAGASA [2] uses the "acronym PhST to distinguish 3322# it from the Pacific Standard Time (PST)." 3323# [1] http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2013/05/15/republic-act-no-10535/ 3324# [2] https://www1.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/astronomy/philippine-standard-time#republic-act-10535 3325# 3326# From Paul Eggert (2018-06-19): 3327# I surveyed recent news reports, and my impression is that "PST" is 3328# more popular among reliable English-language news sources. This is 3329# not just a measure of Google hit counts: it's also the sizes and 3330# influence of the sources. There is no current abbreviation for DST, 3331# so use "PDT", the usual American style. 3332 3333# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3334Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 D 3335Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 S 3336Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 D 3337Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S 3338Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 3339Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 3340# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3341Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 3342 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 3343 8:00 Phil P%sT 1942 May 3344 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 3345 8:00 Phil P%sT 3346 3347# Qatar 3348# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3349Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 3350 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun 3351 3:00 - +03 3352Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain 3353 3354# Saudi Arabia 3355# 3356# From Paul Eggert (2018-08-29): 3357# Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not 3358# standardized until 1968 or so; we don't know exactly when, and possibly it 3359# has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to 3360# modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines 3361# observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar 3362# time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12 3363# o'clock for "Arab" time). 3364# 3365# Timekeeping differed depending on who you were and which part of Saudi 3366# Arabia you were in. In 1969, Elias Antar wrote that although a common 3367# practice had been to set one's watch to 12:00 (i.e., midnight) at sunset - 3368# which meant that the time on one side of a mountain could differ greatly from 3369# the time on the other side - many foreigners set their watches to 6pm 3370# instead, while airlines instead used UTC +03 (except in Dhahran, where they 3371# used UTC +04), Aramco used UTC +03 with DST, and the Trans-Arabian Pipe Line 3372# Company used Aramco time in eastern Saudi Arabia and airline time in western. 3373# (The American Military Aid Advisory Group used plain UTC.) Antar writes, 3374# "A man named Higgins, so the story goes, used to run a local power 3375# station. One day, the whole thing became too much for Higgins and he 3376# assembled his staff and laid down the law. 'I've had enough of this,' he 3377# shrieked. 'It is now 12 o'clock Higgins Time, and from now on this station is 3378# going to run on Higgins Time.' And so, until last year, it did." See: 3379# Antar E. Dinner at When? Saudi Aramco World, 1969 March/April. 2-3. 3380# http://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/196902/dinner.at.when.htm 3381# Also see: Antar EN. Arabian flying is confusing. 3382# Port Angeles (WA) Evening News. 1965-03-10. page 3. 3383# 3384# The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best 3385# we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics 3386# Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated 3387# a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and 3388# Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the 3389# earlier date. 3390# 3391# Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two 3392# time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of 3393# the country. Presumably this is documenting airline time. Ignore this, 3394# as it's before our 1970 cutoff. 3395# 3396# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3397Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14 3398 3:00 - +03 3399Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen 3400Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait 3401 3402# Singapore 3403# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 3404# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html 3405# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3406Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 3407 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 3408 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1 3409 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1 3410 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1 3411 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16 3412 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 3413 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1 3414 8:00 - +08 3415 3416# Spratly Is 3417# no information 3418 3419# Sri Lanka 3420 3421# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 3422# Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo 3423# mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably 3424# from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with 3425# Shanks and Pottenger. 3426 3427# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 3428# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 3429# (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24, 3430# no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 3431# reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 3432# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'." 3433# 3434# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 3435# by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section 3436# <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26): 3437# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 3438# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 3439 3440# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online 3441# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): 3442# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) 3443# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). 3444 3445# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: 3446# http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML 3447# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply 3448# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean 3449# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. 3450# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): 3451# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], 3452# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. 3453 3454# From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19): 3455# According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units, 3456# Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka 3457# standard time is SLST. 3458# 3459# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18): 3460# "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely-used outside time 3461# zone nerd sources. I searched Google News and found three uses of 3462# it in the International Business Times of India in February and 3463# March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing 3464# since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in 3465# other English-language news sources. Our old abbreviation "LKT" is 3466# even worse. For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can 3467# switch to "SLST" if it catches on. 3468 3469# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3470Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 3471 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 3472 5:30 - +0530 1942 Jan 5 3473 5:30 0:30 +06 1942 Sep 3474 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 16 2:00 3475 5:30 - +0530 1996 May 25 0:00 3476 6:30 - +0630 1996 Oct 26 0:30 3477 6:00 - +06 2006 Apr 15 0:30 3478 5:30 - +0530 3479 3480# Syria 3481# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3482Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 3483Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 3484Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 3485Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3486Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 3487Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 3488Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3489Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 3490Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 3491Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3492Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 3493Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 3494Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 3495Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3496Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 3497Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 3498Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 3499Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 3500Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 3501Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 3502Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3503Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 3504Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 3505Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3506Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3507Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 3508Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 3509Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 3510# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 3511# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 3512# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 3513# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; 3514# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, 3515# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). 3516Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3517Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3518Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 3519Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3520# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): 3521# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] 3522# this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. 3523Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 3524# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 3525# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." 3526# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php 3527Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 3528# From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27): 3529# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will 3530# not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or 3531# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than 3532# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the 3533# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now 3534# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... 3535# 3536# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): 3537# Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote: 3538# 3539# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 3540# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." 3541# 3542# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): 3543# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 3544# 3545# which using Google's translate tools says: 3546# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on 3547# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th 3548# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. 3549Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 3550 3551# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): 3552# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for 3553# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so.... 3554# Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST 3555# Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date 3556# Variation 3557# Syrian Arab 3558# Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 3559# 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 3560# 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 3561 3562# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): 3563# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News 3564# Agency (SANA)... 3565# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm 3566# ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the 3567# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April 3568# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." 3569# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times 3570# shown above match up with midnight in Syria. 3571 3572# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 3573# My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; 3574# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone 3575# compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). 3576# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. 3577 3578# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07): 3579# Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year, 3580# according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA). 3581# 3582# The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to 3583# winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting 3584# clocks back 60 minutes). 3585# 3586# http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm 3587 3588# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19): 3589# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources, 3590# two examples: 3591# 3592# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm 3593# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency) 3594# http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209 3595# (Arabic, gov-site) 3596# 3597# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year. 3598# 3599# Our summary 3600# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html 3601 3602# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27): 3603# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will 3604# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday 3605# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30: 3606# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic) 3607 3608# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 3609# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last 3610# Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or 3611# something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday. 3612 3613# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17): 3614# The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of 3615# Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday 3616# 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday): 3617# http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic) 3618 3619# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 3620# Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday 3621# (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years. 3622# 3623# From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic: 3624# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm 3625# 3626# Our brief summary: 3627# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html 3628 3629# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27): 3630# Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX. 3631 3632Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 3633Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 3634Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 3635Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 3636Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 3637Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 - 3638 3639# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3640Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 3641 2:00 Syria EE%sT 3642 3643# Tajikistan 3644# From Shanks & Pottenger. 3645# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3646Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 3647 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 3648 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3649 5:00 1:00 +05/+06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 3650 5:00 - +05 3651 3652# Thailand 3653# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3654Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 3655 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 3656 7:00 - +07 3657Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia 3658Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos 3659 3660# Turkmenistan 3661# From Shanks & Pottenger. 3662# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3663Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 3664 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 3665 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00 3666 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00 3667 5:00 - +05 3668 3669# United Arab Emirates 3670# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3671Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 3672 4:00 - +04 3673Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman 3674 3675# Uzbekistan 3676# Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53. 3677# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3678Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2 3679 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 3680 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 3681 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 3682 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 3683 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 3684 5:00 - +05 3685# Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest. 3686Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2 3687 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 3688 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00 3689 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 3690 5:00 - +05 3691 3692# Vietnam 3693 3694# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04): 3695# Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being 3696# used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways 3697# from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks 3698# and Pottenger for LMT before 1906. 3699 3700# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 3701# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh 3702# City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. 3703 3704# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân: 3705# Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)" 3706# (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50, 3707# is quoted verbatim in: 3708# http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01 3709# is translated by Brian Inglis in: 3710# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html 3711# and is the basis for the information below. 3712# 3713# The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to 3714# Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104° 17' 17" east of Paris. 3715# It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or 3716# the Paris Meridian (2° 20' 14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333... 3717# and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30, 3718# which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory 3719# is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT. 3720# 3721# The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954) 3722# and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954): 3723# To 07:00 on 1911-05-01. 3724# To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00. 3725# To 09:00 on 1945-03-14 at 23:00. 3726# To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam. 3727# To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina. 3728# To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam. 3729# To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam. 3730# To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam. 3731# 3732# Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above. 3733# 3734# Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội, 3735# No. 9, Paris, February 1982. 3736# 3737# Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)", 3738# NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000. 3739# 3740# Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu", 3741# NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995. 3742 3743# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3744Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 3745 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 # Phù Liễn MT 3746 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00 3747 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00 3748 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2 3749 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1 3750 8:00 - +08 1955 Jul 1 3751 7:00 - +07 1959 Dec 31 23:00 3752 8:00 - +08 1975 Jun 13 3753 7:00 - +07 3754 3755# From Paul Eggert (2019-02-19): 3756# 3757# The Ho Chi Minh entry suffices for most purposes as it agrees with all of 3758# Vietnam since 1975-06-13. Presumably clocks often changed in south Vietnam 3759# in the early 1970s as locations changed hands during the war; however the 3760# details are unknown and would likely be too voluminous for this database. 3761# 3762# For timestamps in north Vietnam back to 1970 (the tzdb cutoff), 3763# use Asia/Bangkok; see the VN entries in the file zone1970.tab. 3764# For timestamps before 1970, see Asia/Hanoi in the file 'backzone'. 3765 3766 3767# Yemen 3768# See Asia/Riyadh. 3769
