1# $OpenBSD: australasia,v 1.30 2009/09/08 16:05:14 millert Exp $ 2# <pre> 3# @(#)australasia 8.13 4# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 5# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 6 7# This file also includes Pacific islands. 8 9# Notes are at the end of this file 10 11############################################################################### 12 13# Australia 14 15# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 16 17# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 18Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 19Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 20Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 21Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 22Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 23Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 24Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 25# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 26# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 27# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 28 29# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 30# Northern Territory 31Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 32 9:00 - CST 1899 May 33 9:30 Aus CST 34# Western Australia 35# 36# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 37Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 38Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 39Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 40Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 41Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 42Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 43Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 44Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 45Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 46Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 47 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 48 8:00 AW WST 49Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 50 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 51 8:45 AW CWST 52 53# Queensland 54# 55# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 56# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 57# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 58# Queensland ceased to. 59# 60# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 61# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 62# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 63# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 64# so use Lindeman. 65# 66# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 67Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 68Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 69Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 70Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 71Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 72Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 73Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 74 10:00 Aus EST 1971 75 10:00 AQ EST 76Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 77 10:00 Aus EST 1971 78 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 79 10:00 Holiday EST 80 81# South Australia 82# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 83Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 84Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 85Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 86Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 87Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 88Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 89Rule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 90Rule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 91Rule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 92Rule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 93Rule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 94Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 95Rule AS 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 96Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 97Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 98Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 99# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 100Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 101 9:00 - CST 1899 May 102 9:30 Aus CST 1971 103 9:30 AS CST 104 105# Tasmania 106# 107# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 108# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 109# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 110# 111# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 112Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 113Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 114Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 115Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 116Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 117Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 118Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 119Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 120Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 121Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 122Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 123Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 124Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 125Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 126Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 127Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 128Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 129Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 130Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 131# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 132Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 133 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 134 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 135 10:00 Aus EST 1967 136 10:00 AT EST 137Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 138 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 139 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 140 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 141 10:00 AT EST 142 143# Victoria 144# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 145Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 146Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 147Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 148Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 149Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 150Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 151Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 152Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 153Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 154Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 155Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 156Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 157Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 158Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 159# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 160Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 161 10:00 Aus EST 1971 162 10:00 AV EST 163 164# New South Wales 165# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 166Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 167Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 168Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 169Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 170Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 171Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 172Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 173Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 174Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 175Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 176Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 177Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 178Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 179Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 180Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 181Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 182# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 183Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 184 10:00 Aus EST 1971 185 10:00 AN EST 186Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 187 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 188 9:00 - CST 1899 May 189 9:30 Aus CST 1971 190 9:30 AN CST 2000 191 9:30 AS CST 192 193# Lord Howe Island 194# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 195Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 196Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 197Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 198Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 199Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 200Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 201Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 202Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 203Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 204Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 205Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 206Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 207Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 208Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 209Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 210 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 211 10:30 LH LHST 212 213# Australian miscellany 214# 215# Ashmore Is, Cartier 216# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 217# no times are set 218# 219# Coral Sea Is 220# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 221# no times are set 222# 223# Macquarie 224# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 225# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 226# like Australia/Hobart 227 228# Christmas 229# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 230Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 231 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 232 233# Cook Is 234# From Shanks & Pottenger: 235# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 236Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 237Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 238Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 239# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 240Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 241 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 242 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 243 244# Cocos 245# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 246# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 247# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 248Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 249 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 250 251# Fiji 252# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 253Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 254Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 255# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 256Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 257 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 258 259# French Polynesia 260# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 261Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 262 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 263Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 264 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 265Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 266 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 267# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 268# it is uninhabited. 269 270# Guam 271# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 272Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 273 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 274 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 275 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 276 277# Kiribati 278# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 279Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 280 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 281Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 282 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 283 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 284 13:00 - PHOT 285Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 286 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 287 -10:00 - LINT 1995 288 14:00 - LINT 289 290# N Mariana Is 291# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 292Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 293 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 294 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 295 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 296 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 297 298# Marshall Is 299# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 300Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 301 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 302 12:00 - MHT 303Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 304 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 305 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 306 12:00 - MHT 307 308# Micronesia 309# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 310Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 311 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time 312Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 313 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time 314Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 315 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 316 12:00 - KOST 1999 317 11:00 - KOST 318 319# Nauru 320# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 321Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 322 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 323 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 324 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 325 12:00 - NRT 326 327# New Caledonia 328# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 329Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 330Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 331Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 332# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 333Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 334# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 335Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 336 11:00 NC NC%sT 337 338 339############################################################################### 340 341# New Zealand 342 343# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 344Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 345Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 346Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 347Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 348Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 349Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 350Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 351# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 352# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 353Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 354Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 355Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 356Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 357Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 358Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 359Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 360Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 361Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 362Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 363Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 364Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 365Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 366Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 367Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 368Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 369Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 370Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 371# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 372Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 373 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 374 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 375Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 376 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 377 378 379# Auckland Is 380# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 381# and scientific personnel have wintered 382 383# Campbell I 384# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 385# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 386# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 387# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 388 389############################################################################### 390 391 392# Niue 393# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 394Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 395 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 396 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 397 -11:00 - NUT 398 399# Norfolk 400# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 401Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 402 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 403 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 404 405# Palau (Belau) 406# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 407Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 408 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 409 410# Papua New Guinea 411# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 412Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 413 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 414 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 415 416# Pitcairn 417# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 418Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 419 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 420 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 421 422# American Samoa 423Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 424 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 425 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 426 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 427 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 428 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 429 430# Samoa 431 432# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-12-06): 433# The Samoa government (Western Samoa) may implement DST on the first Sunday of 434# October 2009 (October 4, 2009) until the last Sunday of March 2010 (March 28, 435# 2010). 436# 437# "Selected Committee reports to Cabinet on Daylight Saving Time", 438# Government of Samoa: 439# <a href="http://www.govt.ws/pr_article.cfm?pr_id=560"> 440# http://www.govt.ws/pr_article.cfm?pr_id=560 441# </a> 442# or 443# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_samoa01.html"> 444# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_samoa01.html 445# </a> 446 447# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-27): 448# Samoa's parliament passed the Daylight Saving Bill 2009, and will start 449# daylight saving time on the first Sunday of October 2009 and end on the 450# last Sunday of March 2010. We hope that the full text will be published 451# soon, but we believe that the bill is only valid for 2009-2010. Samoa's 452# Daylight Saving Act 2009 will be enforced as soon as the Head of State 453# executes a proclamation publicizing this Act. 454# 455# Some background information here, which will be updated once we have 456# more details: 457# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"> 458# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 459# </a> 460 461Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 462 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 463 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 464 -11:00 - WST 2009 Oct 4 465 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2010 Mar 28 466 -11:00 - WST 467 468# Solomon Is 469# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 470# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 471Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 472 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 473 474# Tokelau Is 475# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 476Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 477 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time 478 479# Tonga 480# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 481Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 482Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 483Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 484Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 485# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 486Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 487 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 488 13:00 - TOT 1999 489 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 490 491# Tuvalu 492# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 493Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 494 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 495 496 497# US minor outlying islands 498 499# Howland, Baker 500# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 501# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 502# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 503# uninhabited thereafter. 504# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937; 505# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 506# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 507# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 508# until they were abandoned after the war. 509 510# Jarvis 511# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 512# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 513# uninhabited thereafter. 514# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 515 516# Johnston 517# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 518Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 519 520# Kingman 521# uninhabited 522 523# Midway 524# 525# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 526# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 527# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 528# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 529# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 530# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 531# designations that I've never seen before:.... 532# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 533# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 534# 535Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 536 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 537 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 538 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 539 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 540 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 541 542# Palmyra 543# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 544 545# Wake 546# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 547Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 548 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 549 550 551# Vanuatu 552# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 553Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 554Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 555Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 556Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 557Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 558Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 559# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 560Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 561 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 562 563# Wallis and Futuna 564# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 565Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 566 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 567 568############################################################################### 569 570# NOTES 571 572# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 573# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 574# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 575 576# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 577# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 578# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 579# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 580# 581# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 582# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 583# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 584# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 585# of the IATA's data after 1990. 586# 587# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 588# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 589# 590# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 591# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 592# I found in the UCLA library. 593# 594# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 595# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 596# 597# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 598# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 599# Corrections are welcome! 600# std dst 601# LMT Local Mean Time 602# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 603# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 604# 9:00 JST Japan 605# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 606# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 607# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 608# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 609# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 610# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 611# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 612# -11:00 SST Samoa 613# -10:00 HST Hawaii 614# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 615# 616# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 617# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 618 619############################################################################### 620 621# Australia 622 623# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 624# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 625# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 626# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 627 628# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 629# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 630# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 631# </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 632 633# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 634# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 635# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 636# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 637# abbreviation does _not_ change... 638# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 639# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 640# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 641# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 642# time'. 643# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 644# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 645# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 646# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 647# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 648# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 649# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 650 651# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 652# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 653# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 654# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 655# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 656 657# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 658# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 659# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 660# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 661# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 662 663# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 664# versus "AEST" etc.: 665# 666# I see the following points of dispute: 667# 668# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 669# 670# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 671# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 672# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 673# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 674# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 675# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 676# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 677# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 678# 679# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 680# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 681# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 682# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 683# 684# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 685# 686# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 687# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 688# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 689# Time, for example. 690# 691# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 692# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 693# tiebreaker. 694# 695# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 696# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 697# the word "Australian"? 698# 699# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 700# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 701# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 702# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 703# following count of page hits: 704# 705# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 706# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 707# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 708# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 709# 710# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 711# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 712# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 713# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 714# 715# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 716# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 717# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 718# are the hit counts anyway: 719# 720# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 721# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 722# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 723# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 724# 725# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 726# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 727# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 728# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 729# 730# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 731# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 732# 733# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 734# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 735# the ambiguities involved. 736# 737# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 738# 739# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 740# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 741# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 742# understood in Australia. 743 744# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 745# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 746# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 747# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 748# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 749# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 750# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 751 752# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 753# 754# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 755# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 756# relevant entries in this database. 757# 758# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 759# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 760# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 761# </a> 762# ACT 763# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 764# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 765# </a> 766# SA 767# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 768# Standard Time Act, 1898 769# </a> 770 771# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 772# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 773# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 774# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 775# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 776# 777# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 778# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 779# to extend DST together in 2006. 780# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 781# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 782# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 783# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 784# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 785# allude to it. 786# But not Queensland 787# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 788 789# Northern Territory 790 791# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 792# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 793# # [ Nov 1990 ] 794# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 795# ... 796# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 797 798# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 799# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 800# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 801 802# Western Australia 803 804# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 805# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 806# # [ Nov 1990 ] 807# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 808# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 809# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 810# # before reaching parliament. 811# ... 812# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 813# ... 814# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 815# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 816# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 817# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 818 819# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 820# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 821# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 822 823# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 824# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 825# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 826# work at 9.00am.) 827# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 828# everybody again. 829 830# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 831# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 832# it matches what was used in the past. 833 834# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 835# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 836# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 837# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 838 839# Queensland 840# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 841# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 842# # [ Dec 1990 ] 843# ... 844# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 845# ... 846# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 847# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 848# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 849# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 850 851# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 852# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 853# October 1989). 854 855# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 856# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 857# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 858# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 859 860# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 861# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 862# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 863# me.) 864 865# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 866# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 867# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 868# ... 869# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 870# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 871# ... 872 873# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 874# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 875 876# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 877# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 878# WA are trialing DST for three years. 879# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 880 881# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 882# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 883# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 884# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 885# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 886# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 887# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 888# Australia and Western Australia.... 889# 890# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 891# This is confirmed by the section entitled 892# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 893# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 894# 895# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 896# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 897# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 898# coast of the continent. 899# 900# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 901# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 902# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 903# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 904# the largest population centre in this zone.... 905# 906# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 907# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 908# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 909# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 910# 911# (2006-12-09): 912# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 913# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 914# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 915# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 916 917# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 918# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 919# introduction of standard time in 1895. 920 921 922# southeast Australia 923# 924# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 925# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 926# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 927# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 928 929 930# South Australia 931 932# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 933# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 934# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 935# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 936 937# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 938# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 939# # [ Nov 1990 ] 940# ... 941# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 942# ... 943# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 944# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 945# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 946# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 947 948# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 949# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 950# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 951# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 952 953# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 954# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 955# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 956# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 957# is on... 958 959# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 960# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 961# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 962# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 963 964# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 965# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 966# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 967# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 968 969# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 970# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 971# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 972# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 973 974# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 975# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 976 977# Tasmania 978 979# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 980# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 981# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 982# # [ Nov 1990 ] 983 984# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 985# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 986# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 987# (but nothing new about that). 988 989# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 990# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 991# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 992# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 993# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 994# instead of the first Sunday in October. 995 996# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 997# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 998 999# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1000# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1001 1002# Victoria 1003 1004# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1005# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1006# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1007# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1008 1009# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1010# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1011# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1012# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1013# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1014# in Melbourne, Australia. 1015# 1016# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1017# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1018# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1019# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1020# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1021# expected time. 1022# 1023# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1024# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1025# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1026# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1027# 1028# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1029# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1030 1031# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1032# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1033 1034# New South Wales 1035 1036# From Arthur David Olson: 1037# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1038# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1039# who notes: 1040# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1041# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 1042# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1043# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1044# legislation. This is very important to understand. 1045# I have researched New South Wales time only... 1046 1047# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1048# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1049# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 1050# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 1051# Two months more daylight saving 1052# </a> 1053# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 1054 1055# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1056# See the following official NSW source: 1057# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 1058# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1059# </a> 1060# 1061# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1062# daylight saving next year. See: 1063# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 1064# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1065# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1066# 1067# Victoria will following NSW. See: 1068# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 1069# Vic to extend daylight saving 1070# </a> (1999-07-28). 1071# 1072# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1073# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 1074# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 1075# </a> (1999-07-19). 1076# 1077# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1078# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 1079# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1080# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1081# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1082# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1083# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1084# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1085# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 1086# 1087# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1088# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 1089# Broken Hill to be behind the times 1090# </a> (1999-07-21). 1091 1092# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1093# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1094# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1095 1096# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1097# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1098# towns to use Queensland time. 1099 1100# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1101# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1102 1103# Yancowinna 1104 1105# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1106# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1107 1108# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1109# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1110# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1111# ... 1112# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1113# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1114# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1115# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1116# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1117# # presently available. 1118# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1119# ... 1120# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1121# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1122# [followed by other Rules] 1123 1124# Lord Howe Island 1125 1126# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1127# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1128# [ Dec 1990 ] 1129# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1130# hour ahead of NSW time. 1131 1132# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1133# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1134# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1135# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1136# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1137# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1138# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents 1139# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1140# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1141# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1142 1143# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1144# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1145# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1146# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1147# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1148# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1149 1150# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1151# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1152# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1153 1154# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1155# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1156 1157# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1158# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1159# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1160# summer (southern hemisphere). 1161# 1162# From 1163# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"> 1164# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1165# </a> 1166# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1167# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1168# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1169# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1170# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1171# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1172# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1173# 1174# We have a wrap-up here: 1175# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"> 1176# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1177# </a> 1178############################################################################### 1179 1180# New Zealand 1181 1182# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1183# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1184# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1185# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1186# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1187 1188# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1189# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1190# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1191# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1192# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1193# ... 1194# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1195# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1196# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1197# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1198# ... 1199# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1200# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1201 1202# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1203# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1204# rather than the October 1 value. 1205 1206# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1207# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1208# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1209# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1210# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1211# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1212# 1213# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1214# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1215# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1216# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1217# 1218# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1219# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1220# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1221 1222# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1223# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1224# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1225# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1226# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1227 1228############################################################################### 1229 1230 1231# Fiji 1232 1233# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1234# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1235# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1236 1237# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1238# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1239# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1240# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1241 1242# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1243# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1244 1245# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 1246# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1247# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 1248# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 1249# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 1250# millenium. 1251 1252# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1253# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1254 1255# Johnston 1256 1257# Johnston data is from usno1995. 1258 1259 1260# Kiribati 1261 1262# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1263# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1264# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 1265# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1266 1267 1268# Kwajalein 1269 1270# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1271# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1272# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1273# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1274# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1275 1276 1277# N Mariana Is, Guam 1278 1279# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1280# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 1281# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1282# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1283# see Asia/Manila. 1284 1285# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1286# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1287# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1288# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1289 1290 1291# Micronesia 1292 1293# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1294# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 1295# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 1296# 1297# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1298# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1299 1300# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1301# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1302# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1303# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1304# </a> (1999-01-26) 1305# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1306# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1307 1308 1309# Midway 1310 1311# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1312# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1313# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1314# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1315# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1316# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1317# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1318# air at 6am your time. 1319# 1320# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1321# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1322# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1323# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1324 1325 1326# Pitcairn 1327 1328# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1329# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1330# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1331# 1332# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1333# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1334# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1335# 1336# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1337# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1338# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1339 1340# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1341# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1342# ... at midnight. 1343 1344# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1345# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1346# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1347# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1348 1349 1350# Samoa 1351 1352# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1353# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1354# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1355# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1356# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1357 1358 1359# Tonga 1360 1361# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1362# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1363# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1364# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1365 1366# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1367# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1368# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1369# </a>: 1370 1371# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1372# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1373# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1374# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1375# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1376# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1377# 1378# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1379# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1380# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1381# 1382# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1383# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1384# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1385# minutes we have lost?" 1386# 1387# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1388# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1389# to say your prayers in the morning." 1390 1391# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1392# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1393 1394# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1395# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 1396# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1397# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1398# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1399# Government. 1400 1401# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1402# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1403# 1404# I was given this link by John Letts: 1405# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1406# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1407# </a> 1408# 1409# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1410# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1411# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1412# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1413 1414# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1415# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"> 1416# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1417# </a>: 1418# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1419# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1420# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1421# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1422# set back an hour on the closing date." 1423# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1424 1425# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1426# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1427# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1428 1429# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1430# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1431# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1432# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1433# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1434# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1435# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1436 1437# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1438# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1439 1440# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1441# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1442# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1443# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1444# hour to 1:00am. 1445 1446# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1447# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1448 1449 1450# Wake 1451 1452# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1453# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1454# 1455# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1456# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1457# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1458# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1459# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1460# impossible. 1461# 1462# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1463 1464# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1465# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1466 1467############################################################################### 1468 1469# The International Date Line 1470 1471# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1472# 1473# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1474# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1475# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1476# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1477# 1478# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1479# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1480# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1481# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1482# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1483# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1484# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1485# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1486# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1487# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1488# correct date is ambiguous. 1489 1490# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1491# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1492# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1493# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1494# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1495# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1496# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1497# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1498# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1499# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1500# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1501# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1502# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1503 1504# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1505# (2005-03-20): 1506# 1507# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1508# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1509# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1510# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1511