1# $OpenBSD: australasia,v 1.51 2014/11/11 21:09:55 millert Exp $ 2# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4 5# This file also includes Pacific islands. 6 7# Notes are at the end of this file 8 9############################################################################### 10 11# Australia 12 13# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 14 15# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 16Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D 17Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S 18Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D 19Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S 20Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D 21Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 22Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D 23# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 24# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 25# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 26 27# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 28# Northern Territory 29Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 30 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 31 9:30 Aus AC%sT 32# Western Australia 33# 34# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 35Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 36Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 37Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 38Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 39Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D 40Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 41Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D 42Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 43Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 44Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 45 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 46 8:00 AW AW%sT 47Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 48 8:45 Aus ACW%sT 1943 Jul 49 8:45 AW ACW%sT 50 51# Queensland 52# 53# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 54# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 55# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 56# Queensland ceased to. 57# 58# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 59# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 60# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 61# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 62# so use Lindeman. 63# 64# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 65Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 66Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 67Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 68Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 69Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 70Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 71Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 72 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 73 10:00 AQ AE%sT 74Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 75 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 76 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 77 10:00 Holiday AE%sT 78 79# South Australia 80# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 81Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 82Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 83Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 84Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 85Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 86Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 87Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S 88Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S 89Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S 90Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S 91Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 92Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S 93Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 94Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 95Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 96# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 97Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 98 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 99 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 100 9:30 AS AC%sT 101 102# Tasmania 103# 104# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 105# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 106# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 107# 108# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 109Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 110Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 111Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 112Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S 113Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 114Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 115Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 116Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 117Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 118Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 119Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 120Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 121Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 122Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 123Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 124Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 125Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 126Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 127Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 128# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 129Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 130 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 131 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 132 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 133 10:00 AT AE%sT 134Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 135 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 136 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 137 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul 138 10:00 AT AE%sT 139 140# Victoria 141# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 142Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 143Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 144Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 145Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 146Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 147Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 148Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 149Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 150Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 151Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 152Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 153Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 154Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 155Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 156# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 157Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 158 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 159 10:00 AV AE%sT 160 161# New South Wales 162# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 163Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 164Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 165Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 166Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 167Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 168Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 169Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 170Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 171Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 172Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 173Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 174Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 175Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 176Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 177Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 178Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 179# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 180Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 181 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 182 10:00 AN AE%sT 183Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 184 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 185 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 186 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 187 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 188 9:30 AS AC%sT 189 190# Lord Howe Island 191# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 192Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 193Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 194Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 195Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S 196Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D 197Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 198Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 199Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 200Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 201Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 202Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 203Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 204Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 205Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D 206Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 207 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 208 10:30 LH LH%sT 209 210# Australian miscellany 211# 212# Ashmore Is, Cartier 213# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 214# no times are set 215# 216# Coral Sea Is 217# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 218# no times are set 219# 220# Macquarie 221# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 222# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 223# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 224# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 225# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 226# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 227# 228# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 229# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 230# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 231# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 232# on 4 April. 233# 234# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 235# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 236# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 237# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 238# pre-2013 versions of localtime. 239Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov 240 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 241 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 242 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 243 0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25 244 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 245 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00 246 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time 247 248# Christmas 249# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 250Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 251 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 252 253# Cocos (Keeling) Is 254# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 255# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 256# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 257Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 258 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 259 260 261# Fiji 262 263# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 264 265# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 266# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 267# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 268# 269# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 270# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 271# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 272 273# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 274# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 275# amendments: 276# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 277 278# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 279# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 280# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 281# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 282# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 283# 284# Official source: 285# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 286# 287# A bit more background info here: 288# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 289 290# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 291# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 292# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 293# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 294# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 295# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 296# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 297 298# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 299# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 300# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 301# 302# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 303# which says 304# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 305# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 306# 2am on February 26 next year. 307 308# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 309# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 310# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 311# 312# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 313# states: 314# 315# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 316# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 317# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 318# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 319 320# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 321# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 322# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 323# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 324# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 325 326# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 327# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 328# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 329# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 330 331# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 332# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 333# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 334 335# From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): 336# DST will start Nov. 2 this year. 337# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx 338 339# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-20): 340# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to 341# 03:00 the first Sunday on or after January 18. Although ad hoc, it 342# matches this year's plan and seems more likely to match future 343# practice than guessing no DST. 344 345# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 346Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 347Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 348Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 349Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 350Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S 351Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 352Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 353Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 354Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 355Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 356# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 357Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 358 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 359 360# French Polynesia 361# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 362Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 363 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 364Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 365 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 366Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 367 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 368# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 369# it is uninhabited. 370 371# Guam 372# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 373Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 374 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 375 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 376 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 377 378# Kiribati 379# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 380Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 381 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 382Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 383 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 384 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 385 13:00 - PHOT 386Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 387 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 388 -10:00 - LINT 1995 389 14:00 - LINT 390 391# N Mariana Is 392# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 393Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 394 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 395 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 396 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 397 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 398 399# Marshall Is 400# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 401Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 402 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 403 12:00 - MHT 404Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 405 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 406 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 407 12:00 - MHT 408 409# Micronesia 410# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 411Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 412 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 413Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 414 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 415Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 416 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 417 12:00 - KOST 1999 418 11:00 - KOST 419 420# Nauru 421# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 422Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 423 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 424 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 425 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 426 12:00 - NRT 427 428# New Caledonia 429# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 430Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 431Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 432Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 433# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 434Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 435# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 436Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa 437 11:00 NC NC%sT 438 439 440############################################################################### 441 442# New Zealand 443 444# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 445Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 446Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 447Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 448Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 449Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 450Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 451Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 452# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 453# convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition 454# so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 455Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 456Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 457Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 458Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 459Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 460Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 461Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 462Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 463Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 464Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 465Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 466Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 467Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 468Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 469Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 470Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 471Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 472Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 473# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 474Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 475 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 476 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 477Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 478 12:15 - CHAST 1946 Jan 1 479 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 480 481Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 482 483# Auckland Is 484# uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 485# and scientific personnel have wintered 486 487# Campbell I 488# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 489# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 490# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 491# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 492 493# Cook Is 494# From Shanks & Pottenger: 495# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 496Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 497Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 498Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 499# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 500Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 501 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 502 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 503 504############################################################################### 505 506 507# Niue 508# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 509Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 510 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 511 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 512 -11:00 - NUT 513 514# Norfolk 515# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 516Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 517 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 518 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 519 520# Palau (Belau) 521# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 522Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 523 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 524 525# Papua New Guinea 526# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 527Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 528 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 529 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 530# 531# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 532# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have 533# the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. 534# 535# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for JST, these dates 536# are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. 537# The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. 538# The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, 539# according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia 540# http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm 541# and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. 542# 543# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville plans to switch from UTC+10 to UTC+11 544# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call UTC+11 "Bougainville Standard Time"; 545# abbreviate this as BST. See: 546# http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ 547# 548Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 549 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 550 10:00 - PGT 1942 Jul 551 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 21 552 10:00 - PGT 2014 Dec 28 2:00 553 11:00 - BST 554 555# Pitcairn 556# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 557Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 558 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 0:00 559 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 560 561# American Samoa 562Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 563 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 564 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 565 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 566 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 567 568# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) 569 570# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 571# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 572# the following info: 573# 574# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 575# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 576# Sunday of April 2011." 577# 578# Background info: 579# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 580# 581# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 582# contain any dates: 583# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 584 585# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 586# Please see 587# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 588# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 589# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 590# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 591# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 592 593# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 594# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] 595# 596# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am 597# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to 598# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock 599# (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 600 601# From David Zülke (2011-05-09): 602# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 603# 604# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 605 606# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): 607# The International Date Line Act 2011 608# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf 609# changed Samoa from UTC-11 to UTC+13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on 610# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted 611# accordingly. 612 613# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 614# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 615# 616# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 617# 618# DST 619# Year End Time Start Time 620# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 621# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 622# 623# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 624# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 625# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 626# 627# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): 628# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 629# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... 630# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 631# 632# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 633# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. 634# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. 635 636# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 637Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D 638Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S 639Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D 640Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S 641Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D 642# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 643Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 644 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 645 -11:30 - WSST 1950 646 -11:00 WS S%sT 2011 Dec 29 24:00 # S=Samoa 647 13:00 WS WS%sT 648 649# Solomon Is 650# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 651# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 652Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 653 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 654 655# Tokelau Is 656# 657# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 658# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 659# December 31 this year ... 660# 661# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 662# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 663# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 664# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 665# actually was to UTC-11 back then. 666# 667# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 668# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 669# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 670# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 671# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 672# are off by an hour starting in 1901. 673 674# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 675Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 676 -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time 677 13:00 - TKT 678 679# Tonga 680# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 681Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 682Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 683Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 684Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 685# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 686Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 687 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 688 13:00 - TOT 1999 689 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 690 691# Tuvalu 692# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 693Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 694 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 695 696 697# US minor outlying islands 698 699# Howland, Baker 700# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 701# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 702# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 703# uninhabited thereafter. 704# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT-10:30) in 1937; 705# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 706# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 707# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 708# until they were abandoned after the war. 709 710# Jarvis 711# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 712# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 713# uninhabited thereafter. 714# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 715 716# Johnston 717# 718# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-11): 719# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 720# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 721# treat it like Hawaii for now. 722# 723# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 724# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 725# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 726# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 727# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 728# 729# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 730# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 731# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 732# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 733# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 734# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 735# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 736# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. 737# http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf 738# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 739# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 740# Minus One Hour". 741# 742# See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston. 743 744# Kingman 745# uninhabited 746 747# Midway 748# 749# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 750# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 751# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 752# reproduced a Pan American Airways timetable from 1936, for their weekly 753# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 754# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 755# designations that I've never seen before:.... 756# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 757# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 758# 759Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 760 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 761 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 762 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 763 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 764 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 765 766# Palmyra 767# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 768 769# Wake 770# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 771Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 772 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 773 774 775# Vanuatu 776# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 777Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 778Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 779Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 780Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 781Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 782Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 783# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 784Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 785 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 786 787# Wallis and Futuna 788# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 789Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 790 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 791 792############################################################################### 793 794# NOTES 795 796# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 797# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 798# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 799# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 800 801# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): 802# 803# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 804# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 805# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 806# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 807# 808# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 809# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 810# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 811# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 812# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 813# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 814# 815# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 816# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 817# I found in the UCLA library. 818# 819# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 820# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 821# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 822# 823# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 824# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 825# 826# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 827# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 828# Corrections are welcome! 829# std dst 830# LMT Local Mean Time 831# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia 832# 8:45 ACWST ACWDT Central Western Australia* 833# 9:00 JST Japan 834# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia 835# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia 836# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 837# 10:30 LHST LHDT Lord Howe* 838# 11:00 BST Bougainville* 839# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 840# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 841# 12:15 CHAST Chatham through 1945* 842# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham 1946-present* 843# 13:00 WSST WSDT (western) Samoa 2011-present* 844# -11:30 WSST Western Samoa through 1950* 845# -11:00 SST Samoa 846# -10:00 HST Hawaii 847# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 848# 849# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. 850# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is. 851 852############################################################################### 853 854# Australia 855 856# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 857# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting 858# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. 859# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving 860# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native 861# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was 862# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a 863# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded 864# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables 865# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." 866# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) 867# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm 868 869# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 870# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 871# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 872# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 873 874# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 875# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 876# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving 877# covers New South Wales in particular. 878 879# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 880# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. 881# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' 882# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 883# abbreviation does _not_ change... 884# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 885# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 886# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 887# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight 888# time'. 889# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 890# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' 891# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 892# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 893# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 894# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; 895# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 896 897# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 898# 899# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this 900# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer 901# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". 902# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common 903# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints 904# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. 905# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; 906# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web 907# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for 908# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an 909# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the 910# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: 911# 912# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] 913# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au 914# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au 915# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au 916# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au 917# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au 918# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] 919# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] 920# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au 921# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au 922# 923# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] 924# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au 925# 926# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but 927# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages 928# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since 929# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: 930# 931# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au 932# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au 933# 934# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as 935# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" 936# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. 937# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers 938# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, 939# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, 940# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). 941# 942# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations 943# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> 944# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style 945# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't 946# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations 947# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather 948# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column 949# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not 950# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." 951# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and 952# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel 953# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two 954# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political 955# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." 956# 957# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: 958# 959# The Australian Government (2014-03-26) 960# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time 961# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) 962# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 963# 964# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) 965# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml 966# EST CST WST EDT CDT 967# 968# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) 969# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml 970# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) 971# 972# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) 973# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp 974# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 975# 976# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) 977# http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf 978# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used 979# 980# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, 981# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. 982# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: 983# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". 984# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to 985# appear in reports of events with international implications. 986# 987# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in 988# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although 989# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in 990# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it 991# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all 992# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, 993# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current 994# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and 995# "AEDT" for Australian time zones. 996 997# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 998# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 999# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 1000# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 1001# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 1002# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. 1003# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 1004 1005# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 1006# 1007# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 1008# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 1009# relevant entries in this database. 1010# 1011# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 1012# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1013# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html 1014# ACT 1015# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1016# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html 1017# SA 1018# Standard Time Act, 1898 1019# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html 1020 1021# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1022# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1023# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1024# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1025# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1026# 1027# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1028# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1029# to extend DST together in 2006. 1030# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1031# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1032# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1033# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1034# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1035# allude to it. 1036# But not Queensland 1037# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html 1038 1039# Northern Territory 1040 1041# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1042# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1043# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1044# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1045# ... 1046# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1047 1048# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1049# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1050# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1051 1052# Western Australia 1053 1054# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1055# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1056# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1057# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1058# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1059# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1060# # before reaching parliament. 1061# ... 1062# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1063# ... 1064# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1065# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1066# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1067# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1068 1069# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1070# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1071# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1072 1073# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1074# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1075# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1076# work at 9.00am.) 1077# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1078# everybody again. 1079 1080# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1081# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1082# it matches what was used in the past. 1083 1084# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1085# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm 1086# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1087# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1088 1089# Queensland 1090# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1091# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1092# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1093# ... 1094# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1095# ... 1096# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1097# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1098# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1099# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1100 1101# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1102# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1103# October 1989). 1104 1105# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1106# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1107# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1108# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1109 1110# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1111# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1112# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1113# me.) 1114 1115# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1116# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1117# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1118# ... 1119# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1120# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1121# ... 1122 1123# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1124# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1125 1126# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1127# from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1128# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1129# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf 1130 1131# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1132# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1133# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1134# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1135# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1136# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1137# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1138# Australia and Western Australia.... 1139# 1140# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1141# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1142# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1143# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html 1144# 1145# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1146# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1147# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1148# coast of the continent. 1149# 1150# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1151# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1152# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1153# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1154# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1155# 1156# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1157# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1158# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1159# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1160# 1161# (2006-12-09): 1162# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1163# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1164# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1165# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1166 1167# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1168# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1169# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1170 1171 1172# southeast Australia 1173# 1174# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1175# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1176# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1177# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1178 1179 1180# South Australia 1181 1182# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1183# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1184# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1185# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1186 1187# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1188# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1189# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1190# ... 1191# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1192# ... 1193# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1194# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1195# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1196# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1197 1198# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1199# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1200# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1201# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1202 1203# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1204# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1205# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1206# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1207# is on... 1208 1209# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1210# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1211# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1212# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1213 1214# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1215# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1216# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1217# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1218 1219# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1220# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1221# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1222# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1223 1224# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1225# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1226 1227# Tasmania 1228 1229# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1230# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1231# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1232# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1233 1234# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1235# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1236# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1237# (but nothing new about that). 1238 1239# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1240# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1241# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1242# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1243# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1244# instead of the first Sunday in October. 1245 1246# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1247# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1248 1249# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1250# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1251 1252# Victoria 1253 1254# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1255# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1256# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1257# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1258 1259# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1260# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1261# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1262# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1263# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1264# in Melbourne, Australia. 1265# 1266# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1267# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1268# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1269# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1270# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1271# expected time. 1272# 1273# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1274# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1275# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1276# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1277# 1278# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1279# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1280 1281# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1282# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1283 1284# New South Wales 1285 1286# From Arthur David Olson: 1287# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1288# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1289# who notes: 1290# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1291# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" 1292# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1293# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1294# legislation. This is very important to understand. 1295# I have researched New South Wales time only... 1296 1297# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1298# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1299# October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, 1300# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). 1301# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html 1302 1303# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1304# See the following official NSW source: 1305# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1306# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ 1307# 1308# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1309# daylight saving next year. See: 1310# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1311# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm 1312# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1313# 1314# Victoria will following NSW. See: 1315# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) 1316# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm 1317# 1318# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1319# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) 1320# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm 1321# 1322# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1323# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1324# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm 1325# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1326# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1327# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1328# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1329# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1330# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." 1331# 1332# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1333# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) 1334# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm 1335 1336# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1337# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1338# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1339 1340# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1341# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1342# towns to use Queensland time. 1343 1344# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1345# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1346 1347# Yancowinna 1348 1349# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1350# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1351 1352# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1353# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1354# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1355# ... 1356# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1357# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1358# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1359# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1360# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1361# # presently available. 1362# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1363# ... 1364# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1365# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1366# [followed by other Rules] 1367 1368# Lord Howe Island 1369 1370# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1371# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1372# [ Dec 1990 ] 1373# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1374# hour ahead of NSW time. 1375 1376# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1377# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1378# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1379# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1380# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1381# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1382# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1383# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1384# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1385# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1386 1387# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1388# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1389# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1390# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1391# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1392# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1393 1394# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1395# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1396# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1397 1398# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1399# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1400 1401# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1402# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1403# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1404# summer (southern hemisphere). 1405# 1406# From 1407# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1408# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1409# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1410# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1411# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1412# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1413# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1414# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1415# 1416# We have a wrap-up here: 1417# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1418############################################################################### 1419 1420# New Zealand 1421 1422# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1423# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1424# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1425# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1426# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1427 1428# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1429# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1430# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1431# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1432# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1433# ... 1434# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1435# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1436# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1437# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1438# ... 1439# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1440# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1441 1442# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1443# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1444# rather than the October 1 value. 1445 1446# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1447# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1448# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1449# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1450# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1451# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1452# 1453# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1454# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1455# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1456# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1457# 1458# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1459# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1460# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1461 1462# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1463# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1464# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1465# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1466# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1467 1468# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): 1469# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by 1470# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). 1471# http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf 1472# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand 1473# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard 1474# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New 1475# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." 1476# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time 1477# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match 1478# LMT back when New Zealand was at UTC+11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did 1479# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. 1480 1481############################################################################### 1482 1483 1484# Fiji 1485 1486# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1487# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1488# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1489 1490# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1491# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1492# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1493# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1494 1495# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1496# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1497 1498# From the BBC World Service in 1499# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1500# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1501# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1502# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1503# of the new millennium. 1504 1505# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1506# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1507 1508 1509# Kiribati 1510 1511# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1512# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1513# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" 1514# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1515 1516 1517# Kwajalein 1518 1519# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1520# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1521# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1522# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1523# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1524 1525 1526# N Mariana Is, Guam 1527 1528# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1529# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones 1530# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1531# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1532# see Asia/Manila. 1533 1534# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1535# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1536# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1537# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1538 1539 1540# Micronesia 1541 1542# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1543# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' 1544# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." 1545# 1546# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1547# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1548 1549# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1550# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1551# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) 1552# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html 1553# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1554# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1555 1556 1557# Midway 1558 1559# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1560# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1561# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1562# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1563# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1564# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1565# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1566# air at 6am your time. 1567# 1568# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1569# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1570# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1571# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1572 1573 1574# Pitcairn 1575 1576# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1577# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1578# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1579# 1580# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1581# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1582# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1583# 1584# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1585# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1586# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1587 1588# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1589# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1590# ... at midnight. 1591 1592# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1593# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1594# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1595# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1596 1597 1598# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa 1599 1600# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1601# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1602# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1603# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that 1604# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." 1605 1606# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UTC-11:30 1607# in 1911, and to UTC-11 in 1950. many earlier sources give UTC-11 1608# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards 1609# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. 1610# Assume American Samoa switched to UTC-11 in 1911, not 1950, 1611# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a 1612# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New 1613# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. 1614 1615# Tonga 1616 1617# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1618# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting 1619# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." 1620# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1621 1622# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1623# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': 1624# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm 1625# 1626# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1627# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1628# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1629# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1630# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1631# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1632# 1633# Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1634# Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1635# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1636# 1637# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1638# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1639# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1640# minutes we have lost?" 1641# 1642# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1643# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1644# to say your prayers in the morning." 1645 1646# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1647# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1648 1649# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1650# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 1651# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1652# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1653# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1654# Government. 1655 1656# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1657# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1658# 1659# I was given this link by John Letts: 1660# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1661# 1662# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1663# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1664# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1665# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1666 1667# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1668# According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: 1669# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1670# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1671# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1672# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1673# set back an hour on the closing date." 1674# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1675 1676# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1677# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1678# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1679 1680# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1681# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1682# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1683# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1684# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1685# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1686# (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) 1687 1688# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1689# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1690 1691# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1692# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1693# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1694# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1695# hour to 1:00am. 1696 1697# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1698# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1699 1700 1701# Wake 1702 1703# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1704# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1705# 1706# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the 1707# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1708# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1709# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1710# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1711# impossible. 1712# 1713# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1714 1715# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1716# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1717 1718############################################################################### 1719 1720# The International Date Line 1721 1722# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1723# 1724# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1725# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1726# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1727# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1728# 1729# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1730# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1731# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1732# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1733# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1734# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1735# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1736# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1737# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1738# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1739# correct date is ambiguous. 1740 1741# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1742# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1743# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1744# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1745# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1746# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1747# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1748# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1749# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1750# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1751# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were 1752# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1753# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1754 1755# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1756# (2005-03-20): 1757# 1758# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1759# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 1760# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1761# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1762