xref: /openbsd/usr.bin/nc/netcat.c (revision cecf84d4)
1 /* $OpenBSD: netcat.c,v 1.129 2015/03/26 21:22:50 tobias Exp $ */
2 /*
3  * Copyright (c) 2001 Eric Jackson <ericj@monkey.org>
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  *
9  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
10  *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
11  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
12  *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
13  *   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14  * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
15  *   derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
16  *
17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
18  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
19  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
20  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
21  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
22  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
23  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
24  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
25  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
26  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
27  */
28 
29 /*
30  * Re-written nc(1) for OpenBSD. Original implementation by
31  * *Hobbit* <hobbit@avian.org>.
32  */
33 
34 #include <sys/types.h>
35 #include <sys/socket.h>
36 #include <sys/time.h>
37 #include <sys/uio.h>
38 #include <sys/un.h>
39 
40 #include <netinet/in.h>
41 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
42 #include <netinet/ip.h>
43 #include <arpa/telnet.h>
44 
45 #include <err.h>
46 #include <errno.h>
47 #include <fcntl.h>
48 #include <limits.h>
49 #include <netdb.h>
50 #include <poll.h>
51 #include <signal.h>
52 #include <stdarg.h>
53 #include <stdio.h>
54 #include <stdlib.h>
55 #include <string.h>
56 #include <unistd.h>
57 #include "atomicio.h"
58 
59 #ifndef SUN_LEN
60 #define SUN_LEN(su) \
61 	(sizeof(*(su)) - sizeof((su)->sun_path) + strlen((su)->sun_path))
62 #endif
63 
64 #define PORT_MAX	65535
65 #define PORT_MAX_LEN	6
66 #define UNIX_DG_TMP_SOCKET_SIZE	19
67 
68 #define POLL_STDIN 0
69 #define POLL_NETOUT 1
70 #define POLL_NETIN 2
71 #define POLL_STDOUT 3
72 #define BUFSIZE 16384
73 
74 /* Command Line Options */
75 int	dflag;					/* detached, no stdin */
76 int	Fflag;					/* fdpass sock to stdout */
77 unsigned int iflag;				/* Interval Flag */
78 int	kflag;					/* More than one connect */
79 int	lflag;					/* Bind to local port */
80 int	Nflag;					/* shutdown() network socket */
81 int	nflag;					/* Don't do name look up */
82 char   *Pflag;					/* Proxy username */
83 char   *pflag;					/* Localport flag */
84 int	rflag;					/* Random ports flag */
85 char   *sflag;					/* Source Address */
86 int	tflag;					/* Telnet Emulation */
87 int	uflag;					/* UDP - Default to TCP */
88 int	vflag;					/* Verbosity */
89 int	xflag;					/* Socks proxy */
90 int	zflag;					/* Port Scan Flag */
91 int	Dflag;					/* sodebug */
92 int	Iflag;					/* TCP receive buffer size */
93 int	Oflag;					/* TCP send buffer size */
94 int	Sflag;					/* TCP MD5 signature option */
95 int	Tflag = -1;				/* IP Type of Service */
96 int	rtableid = -1;
97 
98 int timeout = -1;
99 int family = AF_UNSPEC;
100 char *portlist[PORT_MAX+1];
101 char *unix_dg_tmp_socket;
102 
103 void	atelnet(int, unsigned char *, unsigned int);
104 void	build_ports(char *);
105 void	help(void);
106 int	local_listen(char *, char *, struct addrinfo);
107 void	readwrite(int);
108 void	fdpass(int nfd) __attribute__((noreturn));
109 int	remote_connect(const char *, const char *, struct addrinfo);
110 int	timeout_connect(int, const struct sockaddr *, socklen_t);
111 int	socks_connect(const char *, const char *, struct addrinfo,
112 	    const char *, const char *, struct addrinfo, int, const char *);
113 int	udptest(int);
114 int	unix_bind(char *);
115 int	unix_connect(char *);
116 int	unix_listen(char *);
117 void	set_common_sockopts(int, int);
118 int	map_tos(char *, int *);
119 void	report_connect(const struct sockaddr *, socklen_t);
120 void	usage(int);
121 ssize_t drainbuf(int, unsigned char *, size_t *);
122 ssize_t fillbuf(int, unsigned char *, size_t *);
123 
124 int
125 main(int argc, char *argv[])
126 {
127 	int ch, s, ret, socksv;
128 	char *host, *uport;
129 	struct addrinfo hints;
130 	struct servent *sv;
131 	socklen_t len;
132 	struct sockaddr_storage cliaddr;
133 	char *proxy;
134 	const char *errstr, *proxyhost = "", *proxyport = NULL;
135 	struct addrinfo proxyhints;
136 	char unix_dg_tmp_socket_buf[UNIX_DG_TMP_SOCKET_SIZE];
137 
138 	ret = 1;
139 	s = 0;
140 	socksv = 5;
141 	host = NULL;
142 	uport = NULL;
143 	sv = NULL;
144 
145 	signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
146 
147 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
148 	    "46DdFhI:i:klNnO:P:p:rSs:tT:UuV:vw:X:x:z")) != -1) {
149 		switch (ch) {
150 		case '4':
151 			family = AF_INET;
152 			break;
153 		case '6':
154 			family = AF_INET6;
155 			break;
156 		case 'U':
157 			family = AF_UNIX;
158 			break;
159 		case 'X':
160 			if (strcasecmp(optarg, "connect") == 0)
161 				socksv = -1; /* HTTP proxy CONNECT */
162 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "4") == 0)
163 				socksv = 4; /* SOCKS v.4 */
164 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "5") == 0)
165 				socksv = 5; /* SOCKS v.5 */
166 			else
167 				errx(1, "unsupported proxy protocol");
168 			break;
169 		case 'd':
170 			dflag = 1;
171 			break;
172 		case 'F':
173 			Fflag = 1;
174 			break;
175 		case 'h':
176 			help();
177 			break;
178 		case 'i':
179 			iflag = strtonum(optarg, 0, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
180 			if (errstr)
181 				errx(1, "interval %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
182 			break;
183 		case 'k':
184 			kflag = 1;
185 			break;
186 		case 'l':
187 			lflag = 1;
188 			break;
189 		case 'N':
190 			Nflag = 1;
191 			break;
192 		case 'n':
193 			nflag = 1;
194 			break;
195 		case 'P':
196 			Pflag = optarg;
197 			break;
198 		case 'p':
199 			pflag = optarg;
200 			break;
201 		case 'r':
202 			rflag = 1;
203 			break;
204 		case 's':
205 			sflag = optarg;
206 			break;
207 		case 't':
208 			tflag = 1;
209 			break;
210 		case 'u':
211 			uflag = 1;
212 			break;
213 		case 'V':
214 			rtableid = (int)strtonum(optarg, 0,
215 			    RT_TABLEID_MAX, &errstr);
216 			if (errstr)
217 				errx(1, "rtable %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
218 			break;
219 		case 'v':
220 			vflag = 1;
221 			break;
222 		case 'w':
223 			timeout = strtonum(optarg, 0, INT_MAX / 1000, &errstr);
224 			if (errstr)
225 				errx(1, "timeout %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
226 			timeout *= 1000;
227 			break;
228 		case 'x':
229 			xflag = 1;
230 			if ((proxy = strdup(optarg)) == NULL)
231 				err(1, NULL);
232 			break;
233 		case 'z':
234 			zflag = 1;
235 			break;
236 		case 'D':
237 			Dflag = 1;
238 			break;
239 		case 'I':
240 			Iflag = strtonum(optarg, 1, 65536 << 14, &errstr);
241 			if (errstr != NULL)
242 				errx(1, "TCP receive window %s: %s",
243 				    errstr, optarg);
244 			break;
245 		case 'O':
246 			Oflag = strtonum(optarg, 1, 65536 << 14, &errstr);
247 			if (errstr != NULL)
248 				errx(1, "TCP send window %s: %s",
249 				    errstr, optarg);
250 			break;
251 		case 'S':
252 			Sflag = 1;
253 			break;
254 		case 'T':
255 			errstr = NULL;
256 			errno = 0;
257 			if (map_tos(optarg, &Tflag))
258 				break;
259 			if (strlen(optarg) > 1 && optarg[0] == '0' &&
260 			    optarg[1] == 'x')
261 				Tflag = (int)strtol(optarg, NULL, 16);
262 			else
263 				Tflag = (int)strtonum(optarg, 0, 255,
264 				    &errstr);
265 			if (Tflag < 0 || Tflag > 255 || errstr || errno)
266 				errx(1, "illegal tos value %s", optarg);
267 			break;
268 		default:
269 			usage(1);
270 		}
271 	}
272 	argc -= optind;
273 	argv += optind;
274 
275 	/* Cruft to make sure options are clean, and used properly. */
276 	if (argv[0] && !argv[1] && family == AF_UNIX) {
277 		host = argv[0];
278 		uport = NULL;
279 	} else if (argv[0] && !argv[1]) {
280 		if  (!lflag)
281 			usage(1);
282 		uport = argv[0];
283 		host = NULL;
284 	} else if (argv[0] && argv[1]) {
285 		host = argv[0];
286 		uport = argv[1];
287 	} else
288 		usage(1);
289 
290 	if (lflag && sflag)
291 		errx(1, "cannot use -s and -l");
292 	if (lflag && pflag)
293 		errx(1, "cannot use -p and -l");
294 	if (lflag && zflag)
295 		errx(1, "cannot use -z and -l");
296 	if (!lflag && kflag)
297 		errx(1, "must use -l with -k");
298 
299 	/* Get name of temporary socket for unix datagram client */
300 	if ((family == AF_UNIX) && uflag && !lflag) {
301 		if (sflag) {
302 			unix_dg_tmp_socket = sflag;
303 		} else {
304 			strlcpy(unix_dg_tmp_socket_buf, "/tmp/nc.XXXXXXXXXX",
305 				UNIX_DG_TMP_SOCKET_SIZE);
306 			if (mktemp(unix_dg_tmp_socket_buf) == NULL)
307 				err(1, "mktemp");
308 			unix_dg_tmp_socket = unix_dg_tmp_socket_buf;
309 		}
310 	}
311 
312 	/* Initialize addrinfo structure. */
313 	if (family != AF_UNIX) {
314 		memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
315 		hints.ai_family = family;
316 		hints.ai_socktype = uflag ? SOCK_DGRAM : SOCK_STREAM;
317 		hints.ai_protocol = uflag ? IPPROTO_UDP : IPPROTO_TCP;
318 		if (nflag)
319 			hints.ai_flags |= AI_NUMERICHOST;
320 	}
321 
322 	if (xflag) {
323 		if (uflag)
324 			errx(1, "no proxy support for UDP mode");
325 
326 		if (lflag)
327 			errx(1, "no proxy support for listen");
328 
329 		if (family == AF_UNIX)
330 			errx(1, "no proxy support for unix sockets");
331 
332 		/* XXX IPv6 transport to proxy would probably work */
333 		if (family == AF_INET6)
334 			errx(1, "no proxy support for IPv6");
335 
336 		if (sflag)
337 			errx(1, "no proxy support for local source address");
338 
339 		proxyhost = strsep(&proxy, ":");
340 		proxyport = proxy;
341 
342 		memset(&proxyhints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
343 		proxyhints.ai_family = family;
344 		proxyhints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
345 		proxyhints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
346 		if (nflag)
347 			proxyhints.ai_flags |= AI_NUMERICHOST;
348 	}
349 
350 	if (lflag) {
351 		int connfd;
352 		ret = 0;
353 
354 		if (family == AF_UNIX) {
355 			if (uflag)
356 				s = unix_bind(host);
357 			else
358 				s = unix_listen(host);
359 		}
360 
361 		/* Allow only one connection at a time, but stay alive. */
362 		for (;;) {
363 			if (family != AF_UNIX)
364 				s = local_listen(host, uport, hints);
365 			if (s < 0)
366 				err(1, NULL);
367 			/*
368 			 * For UDP and -k, don't connect the socket, let it
369 			 * receive datagrams from multiple socket pairs.
370 			 */
371 			if (uflag && kflag)
372 				readwrite(s);
373 			/*
374 			 * For UDP and not -k, we will use recvfrom() initially
375 			 * to wait for a caller, then use the regular functions
376 			 * to talk to the caller.
377 			 */
378 			else if (uflag && !kflag) {
379 				int rv, plen;
380 				char buf[16384];
381 				struct sockaddr_storage z;
382 
383 				len = sizeof(z);
384 				plen = 2048;
385 				rv = recvfrom(s, buf, plen, MSG_PEEK,
386 				    (struct sockaddr *)&z, &len);
387 				if (rv < 0)
388 					err(1, "recvfrom");
389 
390 				rv = connect(s, (struct sockaddr *)&z, len);
391 				if (rv < 0)
392 					err(1, "connect");
393 
394 				if (vflag)
395 					report_connect((struct sockaddr *)&z, len);
396 
397 				readwrite(s);
398 			} else {
399 				len = sizeof(cliaddr);
400 				connfd = accept(s, (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr,
401 				    &len);
402 				if (connfd == -1) {
403 					/* For now, all errnos are fatal */
404 					err(1, "accept");
405 				}
406 				if (vflag)
407 					report_connect((struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, len);
408 
409 				readwrite(connfd);
410 				close(connfd);
411 			}
412 
413 			if (family != AF_UNIX)
414 				close(s);
415 			else if (uflag) {
416 				if (connect(s, NULL, 0) < 0)
417 					err(1, "connect");
418 			}
419 
420 			if (!kflag)
421 				break;
422 		}
423 	} else if (family == AF_UNIX) {
424 		ret = 0;
425 
426 		if ((s = unix_connect(host)) > 0 && !zflag) {
427 			readwrite(s);
428 			close(s);
429 		} else
430 			ret = 1;
431 
432 		if (uflag)
433 			unlink(unix_dg_tmp_socket);
434 		exit(ret);
435 
436 	} else {
437 		int i = 0;
438 
439 		/* Construct the portlist[] array. */
440 		build_ports(uport);
441 
442 		/* Cycle through portlist, connecting to each port. */
443 		for (i = 0; portlist[i] != NULL; i++) {
444 			if (s)
445 				close(s);
446 
447 			if (xflag)
448 				s = socks_connect(host, portlist[i], hints,
449 				    proxyhost, proxyport, proxyhints, socksv,
450 				    Pflag);
451 			else
452 				s = remote_connect(host, portlist[i], hints);
453 
454 			if (s < 0)
455 				continue;
456 
457 			ret = 0;
458 			if (vflag || zflag) {
459 				/* For UDP, make sure we are connected. */
460 				if (uflag) {
461 					if (udptest(s) == -1) {
462 						ret = 1;
463 						continue;
464 					}
465 				}
466 
467 				/* Don't look up port if -n. */
468 				if (nflag)
469 					sv = NULL;
470 				else {
471 					sv = getservbyport(
472 					    ntohs(atoi(portlist[i])),
473 					    uflag ? "udp" : "tcp");
474 				}
475 
476 				fprintf(stderr,
477 				    "Connection to %s %s port [%s/%s] "
478 				    "succeeded!\n", host, portlist[i],
479 				    uflag ? "udp" : "tcp",
480 				    sv ? sv->s_name : "*");
481 			}
482 			if (Fflag)
483 				fdpass(s);
484 			else if (!zflag)
485 				readwrite(s);
486 		}
487 	}
488 
489 	if (s)
490 		close(s);
491 
492 	exit(ret);
493 }
494 
495 /*
496  * unix_bind()
497  * Returns a unix socket bound to the given path
498  */
499 int
500 unix_bind(char *path)
501 {
502 	struct sockaddr_un sun;
503 	int s;
504 
505 	/* Create unix domain socket. */
506 	if ((s = socket(AF_UNIX, uflag ? SOCK_DGRAM : SOCK_STREAM,
507 	     0)) < 0)
508 		return (-1);
509 
510 	memset(&sun, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_un));
511 	sun.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
512 
513 	if (strlcpy(sun.sun_path, path, sizeof(sun.sun_path)) >=
514 	    sizeof(sun.sun_path)) {
515 		close(s);
516 		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
517 		return (-1);
518 	}
519 
520 	if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&sun, SUN_LEN(&sun)) < 0) {
521 		close(s);
522 		return (-1);
523 	}
524 	return (s);
525 }
526 
527 /*
528  * unix_connect()
529  * Returns a socket connected to a local unix socket. Returns -1 on failure.
530  */
531 int
532 unix_connect(char *path)
533 {
534 	struct sockaddr_un sun;
535 	int s;
536 
537 	if (uflag) {
538 		if ((s = unix_bind(unix_dg_tmp_socket)) < 0)
539 			return (-1);
540 	} else {
541 		if ((s = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
542 			return (-1);
543 	}
544 	(void)fcntl(s, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
545 
546 	memset(&sun, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_un));
547 	sun.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
548 
549 	if (strlcpy(sun.sun_path, path, sizeof(sun.sun_path)) >=
550 	    sizeof(sun.sun_path)) {
551 		close(s);
552 		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
553 		return (-1);
554 	}
555 	if (connect(s, (struct sockaddr *)&sun, SUN_LEN(&sun)) < 0) {
556 		close(s);
557 		return (-1);
558 	}
559 	return (s);
560 
561 }
562 
563 /*
564  * unix_listen()
565  * Create a unix domain socket, and listen on it.
566  */
567 int
568 unix_listen(char *path)
569 {
570 	int s;
571 	if ((s = unix_bind(path)) < 0)
572 		return (-1);
573 
574 	if (listen(s, 5) < 0) {
575 		close(s);
576 		return (-1);
577 	}
578 	return (s);
579 }
580 
581 /*
582  * remote_connect()
583  * Returns a socket connected to a remote host. Properly binds to a local
584  * port or source address if needed. Returns -1 on failure.
585  */
586 int
587 remote_connect(const char *host, const char *port, struct addrinfo hints)
588 {
589 	struct addrinfo *res, *res0;
590 	int s, error, on = 1;
591 
592 	if ((error = getaddrinfo(host, port, &hints, &res)))
593 		errx(1, "getaddrinfo: %s", gai_strerror(error));
594 
595 	res0 = res;
596 	do {
597 		if ((s = socket(res0->ai_family, res0->ai_socktype,
598 		    res0->ai_protocol)) < 0)
599 			continue;
600 
601 		if (rtableid >= 0 && (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RTABLE,
602 		    &rtableid, sizeof(rtableid)) == -1))
603 			err(1, "setsockopt SO_RTABLE");
604 
605 		/* Bind to a local port or source address if specified. */
606 		if (sflag || pflag) {
607 			struct addrinfo ahints, *ares;
608 
609 			/* try SO_BINDANY, but don't insist */
610 			setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BINDANY, &on, sizeof(on));
611 			memset(&ahints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
612 			ahints.ai_family = res0->ai_family;
613 			ahints.ai_socktype = uflag ? SOCK_DGRAM : SOCK_STREAM;
614 			ahints.ai_protocol = uflag ? IPPROTO_UDP : IPPROTO_TCP;
615 			ahints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE;
616 			if ((error = getaddrinfo(sflag, pflag, &ahints, &ares)))
617 				errx(1, "getaddrinfo: %s", gai_strerror(error));
618 
619 			if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)ares->ai_addr,
620 			    ares->ai_addrlen) < 0)
621 				err(1, "bind failed");
622 			freeaddrinfo(ares);
623 		}
624 
625 		set_common_sockopts(s, res0->ai_family);
626 
627 		if (timeout_connect(s, res0->ai_addr, res0->ai_addrlen) == 0)
628 			break;
629 		else if (vflag)
630 			warn("connect to %s port %s (%s) failed", host, port,
631 			    uflag ? "udp" : "tcp");
632 
633 		close(s);
634 		s = -1;
635 	} while ((res0 = res0->ai_next) != NULL);
636 
637 	freeaddrinfo(res);
638 
639 	return (s);
640 }
641 
642 int
643 timeout_connect(int s, const struct sockaddr *name, socklen_t namelen)
644 {
645 	struct pollfd pfd;
646 	socklen_t optlen;
647 	int flags, optval;
648 	int ret;
649 
650 	if (timeout != -1) {
651 		flags = fcntl(s, F_GETFL, 0);
652 		if (fcntl(s, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK) == -1)
653 			err(1, "set non-blocking mode");
654 	}
655 
656 	if ((ret = connect(s, name, namelen)) != 0 && errno == EINPROGRESS) {
657 		pfd.fd = s;
658 		pfd.events = POLLOUT;
659 		if ((ret = poll(&pfd, 1, timeout)) == 1) {
660 			optlen = sizeof(optval);
661 			if ((ret = getsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR,
662 			    &optval, &optlen)) == 0) {
663 				errno = optval;
664 				ret = optval == 0 ? 0 : -1;
665 			}
666 		} else if (ret == 0) {
667 			errno = ETIMEDOUT;
668 			ret = -1;
669 		} else
670 			err(1, "poll failed");
671 	}
672 
673 	if (timeout != -1 && fcntl(s, F_SETFL, flags) == -1)
674 		err(1, "restoring flags");
675 
676 	return (ret);
677 }
678 
679 /*
680  * local_listen()
681  * Returns a socket listening on a local port, binds to specified source
682  * address. Returns -1 on failure.
683  */
684 int
685 local_listen(char *host, char *port, struct addrinfo hints)
686 {
687 	struct addrinfo *res, *res0;
688 	int s, ret, x = 1;
689 	int error;
690 
691 	/* Allow nodename to be null. */
692 	hints.ai_flags |= AI_PASSIVE;
693 
694 	/*
695 	 * In the case of binding to a wildcard address
696 	 * default to binding to an ipv4 address.
697 	 */
698 	if (host == NULL && hints.ai_family == AF_UNSPEC)
699 		hints.ai_family = AF_INET;
700 
701 	if ((error = getaddrinfo(host, port, &hints, &res)))
702 		errx(1, "getaddrinfo: %s", gai_strerror(error));
703 
704 	res0 = res;
705 	do {
706 		if ((s = socket(res0->ai_family, res0->ai_socktype,
707 		    res0->ai_protocol)) < 0)
708 			continue;
709 
710 		if (rtableid >= 0 && (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RTABLE,
711 		    &rtableid, sizeof(rtableid)) == -1))
712 			err(1, "setsockopt SO_RTABLE");
713 
714 		ret = setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEPORT, &x, sizeof(x));
715 		if (ret == -1)
716 			err(1, NULL);
717 
718 		set_common_sockopts(s, res0->ai_family);
719 
720 		if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)res0->ai_addr,
721 		    res0->ai_addrlen) == 0)
722 			break;
723 
724 		close(s);
725 		s = -1;
726 	} while ((res0 = res0->ai_next) != NULL);
727 
728 	if (!uflag && s != -1) {
729 		if (listen(s, 1) < 0)
730 			err(1, "listen");
731 	}
732 
733 	freeaddrinfo(res);
734 
735 	return (s);
736 }
737 
738 /*
739  * readwrite()
740  * Loop that polls on the network file descriptor and stdin.
741  */
742 void
743 readwrite(int net_fd)
744 {
745 	struct pollfd pfd[4];
746 	int stdin_fd = STDIN_FILENO;
747 	int stdout_fd = STDOUT_FILENO;
748 	unsigned char netinbuf[BUFSIZE];
749 	size_t netinbufpos = 0;
750 	unsigned char stdinbuf[BUFSIZE];
751 	size_t stdinbufpos = 0;
752 	int n, num_fds, flags;
753 	ssize_t ret;
754 
755 	/* don't read from stdin if requested */
756 	if (dflag)
757 		stdin_fd = -1;
758 
759 	/* stdin */
760 	pfd[POLL_STDIN].fd = stdin_fd;
761 	pfd[POLL_STDIN].events = POLLIN;
762 
763 	/* network out */
764 	pfd[POLL_NETOUT].fd = net_fd;
765 	pfd[POLL_NETOUT].events = 0;
766 
767 	/* network in */
768 	pfd[POLL_NETIN].fd = net_fd;
769 	pfd[POLL_NETIN].events = POLLIN;
770 
771 	/* stdout */
772 	pfd[POLL_STDOUT].fd = stdout_fd;
773 	pfd[POLL_STDOUT].events = 0;
774 
775 	while (1) {
776 		/* both inputs are gone, buffers are empty, we are done */
777 		if (pfd[POLL_STDIN].fd == -1 && pfd[POLL_NETIN].fd == -1
778 		    && stdinbufpos == 0 && netinbufpos == 0) {
779 			close(net_fd);
780 			return;
781 		}
782 		/* both outputs are gone, we can't continue */
783 		if (pfd[POLL_NETOUT].fd == -1 && pfd[POLL_STDOUT].fd == -1) {
784 			close(net_fd);
785 			return;
786 		}
787 		/* listen and net in gone, queues empty, done */
788 		if (lflag && pfd[POLL_NETIN].fd == -1
789 		    && stdinbufpos == 0 && netinbufpos == 0) {
790 			close(net_fd);
791 			return;
792 		}
793 
794 		/* help says -i is for "wait between lines sent". We read and
795 		 * write arbitrary amounts of data, and we don't want to start
796 		 * scanning for newlines, so this is as good as it gets */
797 		if (iflag)
798 			sleep(iflag);
799 
800 		/* poll */
801 		num_fds = poll(pfd, 4, timeout);
802 
803 		/* treat poll errors */
804 		if (num_fds == -1) {
805 			close(net_fd);
806 			err(1, "polling error");
807 		}
808 
809 		/* timeout happened */
810 		if (num_fds == 0)
811 			return;
812 
813 		/* treat socket error conditions */
814 		for (n = 0; n < 4; n++) {
815 			if (pfd[n].revents & (POLLERR|POLLNVAL)) {
816 				pfd[n].fd = -1;
817 			}
818 		}
819 		/* reading is possible after HUP */
820 		if (pfd[POLL_STDIN].events & POLLIN &&
821 		    pfd[POLL_STDIN].revents & POLLHUP &&
822 		    ! (pfd[POLL_STDIN].revents & POLLIN))
823 				pfd[POLL_STDIN].fd = -1;
824 
825 		if (pfd[POLL_NETIN].events & POLLIN &&
826 		    pfd[POLL_NETIN].revents & POLLHUP &&
827 		    ! (pfd[POLL_NETIN].revents & POLLIN))
828 				pfd[POLL_NETIN].fd = -1;
829 
830 		if (pfd[POLL_NETOUT].revents & POLLHUP) {
831 			if (Nflag)
832 				shutdown(pfd[POLL_NETOUT].fd, SHUT_WR);
833 			pfd[POLL_NETOUT].fd = -1;
834 		}
835 		/* if HUP, stop watching stdout */
836 		if (pfd[POLL_STDOUT].revents & POLLHUP)
837 			pfd[POLL_STDOUT].fd = -1;
838 		/* if no net out, stop watching stdin */
839 		if (pfd[POLL_NETOUT].fd == -1)
840 			pfd[POLL_STDIN].fd = -1;
841 		/* if no stdout, stop watching net in */
842 		if (pfd[POLL_STDOUT].fd == -1) {
843 			if (pfd[POLL_NETIN].fd != -1)
844 				shutdown(pfd[POLL_NETIN].fd, SHUT_RD);
845 			pfd[POLL_NETIN].fd = -1;
846 		}
847 
848 		/* try to read from stdin */
849 		if (pfd[POLL_STDIN].revents & POLLIN && stdinbufpos < BUFSIZE) {
850 			ret = fillbuf(pfd[POLL_STDIN].fd, stdinbuf,
851 			    &stdinbufpos);
852 			/* error or eof on stdin - remove from pfd */
853 			if (ret == 0 || ret == -1)
854 				pfd[POLL_STDIN].fd = -1;
855 			/* read something - poll net out */
856 			if (stdinbufpos > 0)
857 				pfd[POLL_NETOUT].events = POLLOUT;
858 			/* filled buffer - remove self from polling */
859 			if (stdinbufpos == BUFSIZE)
860 				pfd[POLL_STDIN].events = 0;
861 		}
862 		/* try to write to network */
863 		if (pfd[POLL_NETOUT].revents & POLLOUT && stdinbufpos > 0) {
864 			ret = drainbuf(pfd[POLL_NETOUT].fd, stdinbuf,
865 			    &stdinbufpos);
866 			if (ret == -1)
867 				pfd[POLL_NETOUT].fd = -1;
868 			/* buffer empty - remove self from polling */
869 			if (stdinbufpos == 0)
870 				pfd[POLL_NETOUT].events = 0;
871 			/* buffer no longer full - poll stdin again */
872 			if (stdinbufpos < BUFSIZE)
873 				pfd[POLL_STDIN].events = POLLIN;
874 		}
875 		/* try to read from network */
876 		if (pfd[POLL_NETIN].revents & POLLIN && netinbufpos < BUFSIZE) {
877 			ret = fillbuf(pfd[POLL_NETIN].fd, netinbuf,
878 			    &netinbufpos);
879 			if (ret == -1)
880 				pfd[POLL_NETIN].fd = -1;
881 			/* eof on net in - remove from pfd */
882 			if (ret == 0) {
883 				shutdown(pfd[POLL_NETIN].fd, SHUT_RD);
884 				pfd[POLL_NETIN].fd = -1;
885 			}
886 			/* read something - poll stdout */
887 			if (netinbufpos > 0)
888 				pfd[POLL_STDOUT].events = POLLOUT;
889 			/* filled buffer - remove self from polling */
890 			if (netinbufpos == BUFSIZE)
891 				pfd[POLL_NETIN].events = 0;
892 			/* handle telnet */
893 			if (tflag)
894 				atelnet(pfd[POLL_NETIN].fd, netinbuf,
895 				    netinbufpos);
896 		}
897 		/* try to write to stdout */
898 		if (pfd[POLL_STDOUT].revents & POLLOUT && netinbufpos > 0) {
899 			ret = drainbuf(pfd[POLL_STDOUT].fd, netinbuf,
900 			    &netinbufpos);
901 			if (ret == -1)
902 				pfd[POLL_STDOUT].fd = -1;
903 			/* buffer empty - remove self from polling */
904 			if (netinbufpos == 0)
905 				pfd[POLL_STDOUT].events = 0;
906 			/* buffer no longer full - poll net in again */
907 			if (netinbufpos < BUFSIZE)
908 				pfd[POLL_NETIN].events = POLLIN;
909 		}
910 
911 		/* stdin gone and queue empty? */
912 		if (pfd[POLL_STDIN].fd == -1 && stdinbufpos == 0) {
913 			if (pfd[POLL_NETOUT].fd != -1 && Nflag)
914 				shutdown(pfd[POLL_NETOUT].fd, SHUT_WR);
915 			pfd[POLL_NETOUT].fd = -1;
916 		}
917 		/* net in gone and queue empty? */
918 		if (pfd[POLL_NETIN].fd == -1 && netinbufpos == 0) {
919 			pfd[POLL_STDOUT].fd = -1;
920 		}
921 	}
922 }
923 
924 ssize_t
925 drainbuf(int fd, unsigned char *buf, size_t *bufpos)
926 {
927 	ssize_t n;
928 	ssize_t adjust;
929 
930 	n = write(fd, buf, *bufpos);
931 	/* don't treat EAGAIN, EINTR as error */
932 	if (n == -1 && (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR))
933 		n = -2;
934 	if (n <= 0)
935 		return n;
936 	/* adjust buffer */
937 	adjust = *bufpos - n;
938 	if (adjust > 0)
939 		memmove(buf, buf + n, adjust);
940 	*bufpos -= n;
941 	return n;
942 }
943 
944 
945 ssize_t
946 fillbuf(int fd, unsigned char *buf, size_t *bufpos)
947 {
948 	size_t num = BUFSIZE - *bufpos;
949 	ssize_t n;
950 
951 	n = read(fd, buf + *bufpos, num);
952 	/* don't treat EAGAIN, EINTR as error */
953 	if (n == -1 && (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR))
954 		n = -2;
955 	if (n <= 0)
956 		return n;
957 	*bufpos += n;
958 	return n;
959 }
960 
961 /*
962  * fdpass()
963  * Pass the connected file descriptor to stdout and exit.
964  */
965 void
966 fdpass(int nfd)
967 {
968 	struct msghdr mh;
969 	union {
970 		struct cmsghdr hdr;
971 		char buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))];
972 	} cmsgbuf;
973 	struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
974 	struct iovec iov;
975 	char c = '\0';
976 	ssize_t r;
977 	struct pollfd pfd;
978 
979 	/* Avoid obvious stupidity */
980 	if (isatty(STDOUT_FILENO))
981 		errx(1, "Cannot pass file descriptor to tty");
982 
983 	bzero(&mh, sizeof(mh));
984 	bzero(&cmsgbuf, sizeof(cmsgbuf));
985 	bzero(&iov, sizeof(iov));
986 
987 	mh.msg_control = (caddr_t)&cmsgbuf.buf;
988 	mh.msg_controllen = sizeof(cmsgbuf.buf);
989 	cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh);
990 	cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
991 	cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
992 	cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
993 	*(int *)CMSG_DATA(cmsg) = nfd;
994 
995 	iov.iov_base = &c;
996 	iov.iov_len = 1;
997 	mh.msg_iov = &iov;
998 	mh.msg_iovlen = 1;
999 
1000 	bzero(&pfd, sizeof(pfd));
1001 	pfd.fd = STDOUT_FILENO;
1002 	pfd.events = POLLOUT;
1003 	for (;;) {
1004 		r = sendmsg(STDOUT_FILENO, &mh, 0);
1005 		if (r == -1) {
1006 			if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR) {
1007 				if (poll(&pfd, 1, -1) == -1)
1008 					err(1, "poll");
1009 				continue;
1010 			}
1011 			err(1, "sendmsg");
1012 		} else if (r != 1)
1013 			errx(1, "sendmsg: unexpected return value %zd", r);
1014 		else
1015 			break;
1016 	}
1017 	exit(0);
1018 }
1019 
1020 /* Deal with RFC 854 WILL/WONT DO/DONT negotiation. */
1021 void
1022 atelnet(int nfd, unsigned char *buf, unsigned int size)
1023 {
1024 	unsigned char *p, *end;
1025 	unsigned char obuf[4];
1026 
1027 	if (size < 3)
1028 		return;
1029 	end = buf + size - 2;
1030 
1031 	for (p = buf; p < end; p++) {
1032 		if (*p != IAC)
1033 			continue;
1034 
1035 		obuf[0] = IAC;
1036 		p++;
1037 		if ((*p == WILL) || (*p == WONT))
1038 			obuf[1] = DONT;
1039 		else if ((*p == DO) || (*p == DONT))
1040 			obuf[1] = WONT;
1041 		else
1042 			continue;
1043 
1044 		p++;
1045 		obuf[2] = *p;
1046 		if (atomicio(vwrite, nfd, obuf, 3) != 3)
1047 			warn("Write Error!");
1048 	}
1049 }
1050 
1051 /*
1052  * build_ports()
1053  * Build an array of ports in portlist[], listing each port
1054  * that we should try to connect to.
1055  */
1056 void
1057 build_ports(char *p)
1058 {
1059 	const char *errstr;
1060 	char *n;
1061 	int hi, lo, cp;
1062 	int x = 0;
1063 
1064 	if ((n = strchr(p, '-')) != NULL) {
1065 		*n = '\0';
1066 		n++;
1067 
1068 		/* Make sure the ports are in order: lowest->highest. */
1069 		hi = strtonum(n, 1, PORT_MAX, &errstr);
1070 		if (errstr)
1071 			errx(1, "port number %s: %s", errstr, n);
1072 		lo = strtonum(p, 1, PORT_MAX, &errstr);
1073 		if (errstr)
1074 			errx(1, "port number %s: %s", errstr, p);
1075 
1076 		if (lo > hi) {
1077 			cp = hi;
1078 			hi = lo;
1079 			lo = cp;
1080 		}
1081 
1082 		/* Load ports sequentially. */
1083 		for (cp = lo; cp <= hi; cp++) {
1084 			portlist[x] = calloc(1, PORT_MAX_LEN);
1085 			if (portlist[x] == NULL)
1086 				err(1, NULL);
1087 			snprintf(portlist[x], PORT_MAX_LEN, "%d", cp);
1088 			x++;
1089 		}
1090 
1091 		/* Randomly swap ports. */
1092 		if (rflag) {
1093 			int y;
1094 			char *c;
1095 
1096 			for (x = 0; x <= (hi - lo); x++) {
1097 				y = (arc4random() & 0xFFFF) % (hi - lo);
1098 				c = portlist[x];
1099 				portlist[x] = portlist[y];
1100 				portlist[y] = c;
1101 			}
1102 		}
1103 	} else {
1104 		hi = strtonum(p, 1, PORT_MAX, &errstr);
1105 		if (errstr)
1106 			errx(1, "port number %s: %s", errstr, p);
1107 		portlist[0] = strdup(p);
1108 		if (portlist[0] == NULL)
1109 			err(1, NULL);
1110 	}
1111 }
1112 
1113 /*
1114  * udptest()
1115  * Do a few writes to see if the UDP port is there.
1116  * Fails once PF state table is full.
1117  */
1118 int
1119 udptest(int s)
1120 {
1121 	int i, ret;
1122 
1123 	for (i = 0; i <= 3; i++) {
1124 		if (write(s, "X", 1) == 1)
1125 			ret = 1;
1126 		else
1127 			ret = -1;
1128 	}
1129 	return (ret);
1130 }
1131 
1132 void
1133 set_common_sockopts(int s, int af)
1134 {
1135 	int x = 1;
1136 
1137 	if (Sflag) {
1138 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_MD5SIG,
1139 			&x, sizeof(x)) == -1)
1140 			err(1, NULL);
1141 	}
1142 	if (Dflag) {
1143 		if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG,
1144 			&x, sizeof(x)) == -1)
1145 			err(1, NULL);
1146 	}
1147 	if (Tflag != -1) {
1148 		int proto, option;
1149 
1150 		if (af == AF_INET6) {
1151 			proto = IPPROTO_IPV6;
1152 			option = IPV6_TCLASS;
1153 		} else {
1154 			proto = IPPROTO_IP;
1155 			option = IP_TOS;
1156 		}
1157 
1158 		if (setsockopt(s, proto, option, &Tflag, sizeof(Tflag)) == -1)
1159 			err(1, "set IP ToS");
1160 	}
1161 	if (Iflag) {
1162 		if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF,
1163 		    &Iflag, sizeof(Iflag)) == -1)
1164 			err(1, "set TCP receive buffer size");
1165 	}
1166 	if (Oflag) {
1167 		if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF,
1168 		    &Oflag, sizeof(Oflag)) == -1)
1169 			err(1, "set TCP send buffer size");
1170 	}
1171 }
1172 
1173 int
1174 map_tos(char *s, int *val)
1175 {
1176 	/* DiffServ Codepoints and other TOS mappings */
1177 	const struct toskeywords {
1178 		const char	*keyword;
1179 		int		 val;
1180 	} *t, toskeywords[] = {
1181 		{ "af11",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF11 },
1182 		{ "af12",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF12 },
1183 		{ "af13",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF13 },
1184 		{ "af21",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF21 },
1185 		{ "af22",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF22 },
1186 		{ "af23",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF23 },
1187 		{ "af31",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF31 },
1188 		{ "af32",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF32 },
1189 		{ "af33",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF33 },
1190 		{ "af41",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF41 },
1191 		{ "af42",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF42 },
1192 		{ "af43",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF43 },
1193 		{ "critical",		IPTOS_PREC_CRITIC_ECP },
1194 		{ "cs0",		IPTOS_DSCP_CS0 },
1195 		{ "cs1",		IPTOS_DSCP_CS1 },
1196 		{ "cs2",		IPTOS_DSCP_CS2 },
1197 		{ "cs3",		IPTOS_DSCP_CS3 },
1198 		{ "cs4",		IPTOS_DSCP_CS4 },
1199 		{ "cs5",		IPTOS_DSCP_CS5 },
1200 		{ "cs6",		IPTOS_DSCP_CS6 },
1201 		{ "cs7",		IPTOS_DSCP_CS7 },
1202 		{ "ef",			IPTOS_DSCP_EF },
1203 		{ "inetcontrol",	IPTOS_PREC_INTERNETCONTROL },
1204 		{ "lowdelay",		IPTOS_LOWDELAY },
1205 		{ "netcontrol",		IPTOS_PREC_NETCONTROL },
1206 		{ "reliability",	IPTOS_RELIABILITY },
1207 		{ "throughput",		IPTOS_THROUGHPUT },
1208 		{ NULL, 		-1 },
1209 	};
1210 
1211 	for (t = toskeywords; t->keyword != NULL; t++) {
1212 		if (strcmp(s, t->keyword) == 0) {
1213 			*val = t->val;
1214 			return (1);
1215 		}
1216 	}
1217 
1218 	return (0);
1219 }
1220 
1221 void
1222 report_connect(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen)
1223 {
1224 	char remote_host[NI_MAXHOST];
1225 	char remote_port[NI_MAXSERV];
1226 	int herr;
1227 	int flags = NI_NUMERICSERV;
1228 
1229 	if (nflag)
1230 		flags |= NI_NUMERICHOST;
1231 
1232 	if ((herr = getnameinfo(sa, salen,
1233 	    remote_host, sizeof(remote_host),
1234 	    remote_port, sizeof(remote_port),
1235 	    flags)) != 0) {
1236 		if (herr == EAI_SYSTEM)
1237 			err(1, "getnameinfo");
1238 		else
1239 			errx(1, "getnameinfo: %s", gai_strerror(herr));
1240 	}
1241 
1242 	fprintf(stderr,
1243 	    "Connection from %s %s "
1244 	    "received!\n", remote_host, remote_port);
1245 }
1246 
1247 void
1248 help(void)
1249 {
1250 	usage(0);
1251 	fprintf(stderr, "\tCommand Summary:\n\
1252 	\t-4		Use IPv4\n\
1253 	\t-6		Use IPv6\n\
1254 	\t-D		Enable the debug socket option\n\
1255 	\t-d		Detach from stdin\n\
1256 	\t-F		Pass socket fd\n\
1257 	\t-h		This help text\n\
1258 	\t-I length	TCP receive buffer length\n\
1259 	\t-i secs\t	Delay interval for lines sent, ports scanned\n\
1260 	\t-k		Keep inbound sockets open for multiple connects\n\
1261 	\t-l		Listen mode, for inbound connects\n\
1262 	\t-N		Shutdown the network socket after EOF on stdin\n\
1263 	\t-n		Suppress name/port resolutions\n\
1264 	\t-O length	TCP send buffer length\n\
1265 	\t-P proxyuser\tUsername for proxy authentication\n\
1266 	\t-p port\t	Specify local port for remote connects\n\
1267 	\t-r		Randomize remote ports\n\
1268 	\t-S		Enable the TCP MD5 signature option\n\
1269 	\t-s addr\t	Local source address\n\
1270 	\t-T toskeyword\tSet IP Type of Service\n\
1271 	\t-t		Answer TELNET negotiation\n\
1272 	\t-U		Use UNIX domain socket\n\
1273 	\t-u		UDP mode\n\
1274 	\t-V rtable	Specify alternate routing table\n\
1275 	\t-v		Verbose\n\
1276 	\t-w secs\t	Timeout for connects and final net reads\n\
1277 	\t-X proto	Proxy protocol: \"4\", \"5\" (SOCKS) or \"connect\"\n\
1278 	\t-x addr[:port]\tSpecify proxy address and port\n\
1279 	\t-z		Zero-I/O mode [used for scanning]\n\
1280 	Port numbers can be individual or ranges: lo-hi [inclusive]\n");
1281 	exit(1);
1282 }
1283 
1284 void
1285 usage(int ret)
1286 {
1287 	fprintf(stderr,
1288 	    "usage: nc [-46DdFhklNnrStUuvz] [-I length] [-i interval] [-O length]\n"
1289 	    "\t  [-P proxy_username] [-p source_port] [-s source] [-T ToS]\n"
1290 	    "\t  [-V rtable] [-w timeout] [-X proxy_protocol]\n"
1291 	    "\t  [-x proxy_address[:port]] [destination] [port]\n");
1292 	if (ret)
1293 		exit(1);
1294 }
1295