xref: /openbsd/usr.bin/ssh/kexgen.c (revision 3bef86f7)
1 /* $OpenBSD: kexgen.c,v 1.8 2021/12/19 22:08:06 djm Exp $ */
2 /*
3  * Copyright (c) 2019 Markus Friedl.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  *
14  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
15  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
16  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
17  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
18  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
19  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
20  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
21  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
22  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
23  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
24  */
25 
26 #include <sys/types.h>
27 
28 #include <stdio.h>
29 #include <string.h>
30 #include <signal.h>
31 
32 #include "sshkey.h"
33 #include "kex.h"
34 #include "log.h"
35 #include "packet.h"
36 #include "ssh2.h"
37 #include "sshbuf.h"
38 #include "digest.h"
39 #include "ssherr.h"
40 
41 static int input_kex_gen_init(int, u_int32_t, struct ssh *);
42 static int input_kex_gen_reply(int type, u_int32_t seq, struct ssh *ssh);
43 
44 static int
45 kex_gen_hash(
46     int hash_alg,
47     const struct sshbuf *client_version,
48     const struct sshbuf *server_version,
49     const struct sshbuf *client_kexinit,
50     const struct sshbuf *server_kexinit,
51     const struct sshbuf *server_host_key_blob,
52     const struct sshbuf *client_pub,
53     const struct sshbuf *server_pub,
54     const struct sshbuf *shared_secret,
55     u_char *hash, size_t *hashlen)
56 {
57 	struct sshbuf *b;
58 	int r;
59 
60 	if (*hashlen < ssh_digest_bytes(hash_alg))
61 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
62 	if ((b = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
63 		return SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
64 	if ((r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, client_version)) != 0 ||
65 	    (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, server_version)) != 0 ||
66 	    /* kexinit messages: fake header: len+SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT */
67 	    (r = sshbuf_put_u32(b, sshbuf_len(client_kexinit) + 1)) != 0 ||
68 	    (r = sshbuf_put_u8(b, SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT)) != 0 ||
69 	    (r = sshbuf_putb(b, client_kexinit)) != 0 ||
70 	    (r = sshbuf_put_u32(b, sshbuf_len(server_kexinit) + 1)) != 0 ||
71 	    (r = sshbuf_put_u8(b, SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT)) != 0 ||
72 	    (r = sshbuf_putb(b, server_kexinit)) != 0 ||
73 	    (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, server_host_key_blob)) != 0 ||
74 	    (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, client_pub)) != 0 ||
75 	    (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, server_pub)) != 0 ||
76 	    (r = sshbuf_putb(b, shared_secret)) != 0) {
77 		sshbuf_free(b);
78 		return r;
79 	}
80 #ifdef DEBUG_KEX
81 	sshbuf_dump(b, stderr);
82 #endif
83 	if (ssh_digest_buffer(hash_alg, b, hash, *hashlen) != 0) {
84 		sshbuf_free(b);
85 		return SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
86 	}
87 	sshbuf_free(b);
88 	*hashlen = ssh_digest_bytes(hash_alg);
89 #ifdef DEBUG_KEX
90 	dump_digest("hash", hash, *hashlen);
91 #endif
92 	return 0;
93 }
94 
95 int
96 kex_gen_client(struct ssh *ssh)
97 {
98 	struct kex *kex = ssh->kex;
99 	int r;
100 
101 	switch (kex->kex_type) {
102 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
103 	case KEX_DH_GRP1_SHA1:
104 	case KEX_DH_GRP14_SHA1:
105 	case KEX_DH_GRP14_SHA256:
106 	case KEX_DH_GRP16_SHA512:
107 	case KEX_DH_GRP18_SHA512:
108 		r = kex_dh_keypair(kex);
109 		break;
110 	case KEX_ECDH_SHA2:
111 		r = kex_ecdh_keypair(kex);
112 		break;
113 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
114 	case KEX_C25519_SHA256:
115 		r = kex_c25519_keypair(kex);
116 		break;
117 	case KEX_KEM_SNTRUP761X25519_SHA512:
118 		r = kex_kem_sntrup761x25519_keypair(kex);
119 		break;
120 	default:
121 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
122 		break;
123 	}
124 	if (r != 0)
125 		return r;
126 	if ((r = sshpkt_start(ssh, SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_INIT)) != 0 ||
127 	    (r = sshpkt_put_stringb(ssh, kex->client_pub)) != 0 ||
128 	    (r = sshpkt_send(ssh)) != 0)
129 		return r;
130 	debug("expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY");
131 	ssh_dispatch_set(ssh, SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY, &input_kex_gen_reply);
132 	return 0;
133 }
134 
135 static int
136 input_kex_gen_reply(int type, u_int32_t seq, struct ssh *ssh)
137 {
138 	struct kex *kex = ssh->kex;
139 	struct sshkey *server_host_key = NULL;
140 	struct sshbuf *shared_secret = NULL;
141 	struct sshbuf *server_blob = NULL;
142 	struct sshbuf *tmp = NULL, *server_host_key_blob = NULL;
143 	u_char *signature = NULL;
144 	u_char hash[SSH_DIGEST_MAX_LENGTH];
145 	size_t slen, hashlen;
146 	int r;
147 
148 	debug("SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY received");
149 	ssh_dispatch_set(ssh, SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY, &kex_protocol_error);
150 
151 	/* hostkey */
152 	if ((r = sshpkt_getb_froms(ssh, &server_host_key_blob)) != 0)
153 		goto out;
154 	/* sshkey_fromb() consumes its buffer, so make a copy */
155 	if ((tmp = sshbuf_fromb(server_host_key_blob)) == NULL) {
156 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
157 		goto out;
158 	}
159 	if ((r = sshkey_fromb(tmp, &server_host_key)) != 0)
160 		goto out;
161 	if ((r = kex_verify_host_key(ssh, server_host_key)) != 0)
162 		goto out;
163 
164 	/* Q_S, server public key */
165 	/* signed H */
166 	if ((r = sshpkt_getb_froms(ssh, &server_blob)) != 0 ||
167 	    (r = sshpkt_get_string(ssh, &signature, &slen)) != 0 ||
168 	    (r = sshpkt_get_end(ssh)) != 0)
169 		goto out;
170 
171 	/* compute shared secret */
172 	switch (kex->kex_type) {
173 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
174 	case KEX_DH_GRP1_SHA1:
175 	case KEX_DH_GRP14_SHA1:
176 	case KEX_DH_GRP14_SHA256:
177 	case KEX_DH_GRP16_SHA512:
178 	case KEX_DH_GRP18_SHA512:
179 		r = kex_dh_dec(kex, server_blob, &shared_secret);
180 		break;
181 	case KEX_ECDH_SHA2:
182 		r = kex_ecdh_dec(kex, server_blob, &shared_secret);
183 		break;
184 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
185 	case KEX_C25519_SHA256:
186 		r = kex_c25519_dec(kex, server_blob, &shared_secret);
187 		break;
188 	case KEX_KEM_SNTRUP761X25519_SHA512:
189 		r = kex_kem_sntrup761x25519_dec(kex, server_blob,
190 		    &shared_secret);
191 		break;
192 	default:
193 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
194 		break;
195 	}
196 	if (r !=0 )
197 		goto out;
198 
199 	/* calc and verify H */
200 	hashlen = sizeof(hash);
201 	if ((r = kex_gen_hash(
202 	    kex->hash_alg,
203 	    kex->client_version,
204 	    kex->server_version,
205 	    kex->my,
206 	    kex->peer,
207 	    server_host_key_blob,
208 	    kex->client_pub,
209 	    server_blob,
210 	    shared_secret,
211 	    hash, &hashlen)) != 0)
212 		goto out;
213 
214 	if ((r = sshkey_verify(server_host_key, signature, slen, hash, hashlen,
215 	    kex->hostkey_alg, ssh->compat, NULL)) != 0)
216 		goto out;
217 
218 	if ((r = kex_derive_keys(ssh, hash, hashlen, shared_secret)) != 0 ||
219 	    (r = kex_send_newkeys(ssh)) != 0)
220 		goto out;
221 
222 	/* save initial signature and hostkey */
223 	if ((kex->flags & KEX_INITIAL) != 0) {
224 		if (kex->initial_hostkey != NULL || kex->initial_sig != NULL) {
225 			r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
226 			goto out;
227 		}
228 		if ((kex->initial_sig = sshbuf_new()) == NULL) {
229 			r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
230 			goto out;
231 		}
232 		if ((r = sshbuf_put(kex->initial_sig, signature, slen)) != 0)
233 			goto out;
234 		kex->initial_hostkey = server_host_key;
235 		server_host_key = NULL;
236 	}
237 	/* success */
238 out:
239 	explicit_bzero(hash, sizeof(hash));
240 	explicit_bzero(kex->c25519_client_key, sizeof(kex->c25519_client_key));
241 	explicit_bzero(kex->sntrup761_client_key,
242 	    sizeof(kex->sntrup761_client_key));
243 	sshbuf_free(server_host_key_blob);
244 	free(signature);
245 	sshbuf_free(tmp);
246 	sshkey_free(server_host_key);
247 	sshbuf_free(server_blob);
248 	sshbuf_free(shared_secret);
249 	sshbuf_free(kex->client_pub);
250 	kex->client_pub = NULL;
251 	return r;
252 }
253 
254 int
255 kex_gen_server(struct ssh *ssh)
256 {
257 	debug("expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_INIT");
258 	ssh_dispatch_set(ssh, SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_INIT, &input_kex_gen_init);
259 	return 0;
260 }
261 
262 static int
263 input_kex_gen_init(int type, u_int32_t seq, struct ssh *ssh)
264 {
265 	struct kex *kex = ssh->kex;
266 	struct sshkey *server_host_private, *server_host_public;
267 	struct sshbuf *shared_secret = NULL;
268 	struct sshbuf *server_pubkey = NULL;
269 	struct sshbuf *client_pubkey = NULL;
270 	struct sshbuf *server_host_key_blob = NULL;
271 	u_char *signature = NULL, hash[SSH_DIGEST_MAX_LENGTH];
272 	size_t slen, hashlen;
273 	int r;
274 
275 	debug("SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_INIT received");
276 	ssh_dispatch_set(ssh, SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_INIT, &kex_protocol_error);
277 
278 	if ((r = kex_load_hostkey(ssh, &server_host_private,
279 	    &server_host_public)) != 0)
280 		goto out;
281 
282 	if ((r = sshpkt_getb_froms(ssh, &client_pubkey)) != 0 ||
283 	    (r = sshpkt_get_end(ssh)) != 0)
284 		goto out;
285 
286 	/* compute shared secret */
287 	switch (kex->kex_type) {
288 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
289 	case KEX_DH_GRP1_SHA1:
290 	case KEX_DH_GRP14_SHA1:
291 	case KEX_DH_GRP14_SHA256:
292 	case KEX_DH_GRP16_SHA512:
293 	case KEX_DH_GRP18_SHA512:
294 		r = kex_dh_enc(kex, client_pubkey, &server_pubkey,
295 		    &shared_secret);
296 		break;
297 	case KEX_ECDH_SHA2:
298 		r = kex_ecdh_enc(kex, client_pubkey, &server_pubkey,
299 		    &shared_secret);
300 		break;
301 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
302 	case KEX_C25519_SHA256:
303 		r = kex_c25519_enc(kex, client_pubkey, &server_pubkey,
304 		    &shared_secret);
305 		break;
306 	case KEX_KEM_SNTRUP761X25519_SHA512:
307 		r = kex_kem_sntrup761x25519_enc(kex, client_pubkey,
308 		    &server_pubkey, &shared_secret);
309 		break;
310 	default:
311 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
312 		break;
313 	}
314 	if (r !=0 )
315 		goto out;
316 
317 	/* calc H */
318 	if ((server_host_key_blob = sshbuf_new()) == NULL) {
319 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
320 		goto out;
321 	}
322 	if ((r = sshkey_putb(server_host_public, server_host_key_blob)) != 0)
323 		goto out;
324 	hashlen = sizeof(hash);
325 	if ((r = kex_gen_hash(
326 	    kex->hash_alg,
327 	    kex->client_version,
328 	    kex->server_version,
329 	    kex->peer,
330 	    kex->my,
331 	    server_host_key_blob,
332 	    client_pubkey,
333 	    server_pubkey,
334 	    shared_secret,
335 	    hash, &hashlen)) != 0)
336 		goto out;
337 
338 	/* sign H */
339 	if ((r = kex->sign(ssh, server_host_private, server_host_public,
340 	    &signature, &slen, hash, hashlen, kex->hostkey_alg)) != 0)
341 		goto out;
342 
343 	/* send server hostkey, ECDH pubkey 'Q_S' and signed H */
344 	if ((r = sshpkt_start(ssh, SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY)) != 0 ||
345 	    (r = sshpkt_put_stringb(ssh, server_host_key_blob)) != 0 ||
346 	    (r = sshpkt_put_stringb(ssh, server_pubkey)) != 0 ||
347 	    (r = sshpkt_put_string(ssh, signature, slen)) != 0 ||
348 	    (r = sshpkt_send(ssh)) != 0)
349 		goto out;
350 
351 	if ((r = kex_derive_keys(ssh, hash, hashlen, shared_secret)) != 0 ||
352 	    (r = kex_send_newkeys(ssh)) != 0)
353 		goto out;
354 	/* retain copy of hostkey used at initial KEX */
355 	if (kex->initial_hostkey == NULL &&
356 	    (r = sshkey_from_private(server_host_public,
357 	    &kex->initial_hostkey)) != 0)
358 		goto out;
359 	/* success */
360 out:
361 	explicit_bzero(hash, sizeof(hash));
362 	sshbuf_free(server_host_key_blob);
363 	free(signature);
364 	sshbuf_free(shared_secret);
365 	sshbuf_free(client_pubkey);
366 	sshbuf_free(server_pubkey);
367 	return r;
368 }
369