xref: /openbsd/usr.bin/ssh/misc.c (revision 7b36286a)
1 /* $OpenBSD: misc.c,v 1.69 2008/06/13 01:38:23 dtucker Exp $ */
2 /*
3  * Copyright (c) 2000 Markus Friedl.  All rights reserved.
4  * Copyright (c) 2005,2006 Damien Miller.  All rights reserved.
5  *
6  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
7  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8  * are met:
9  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
10  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
11  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
13  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14  *
15  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
16  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
17  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
18  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
19  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
20  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
21  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
22  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
23  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
24  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
25  */
26 
27 #include <sys/types.h>
28 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
29 #include <sys/socket.h>
30 #include <sys/param.h>
31 
32 #include <net/if.h>
33 #include <netinet/in.h>
34 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
35 
36 #include <errno.h>
37 #include <fcntl.h>
38 #include <netdb.h>
39 #include <paths.h>
40 #include <pwd.h>
41 #include <stdarg.h>
42 #include <stdio.h>
43 #include <stdlib.h>
44 #include <string.h>
45 #include <unistd.h>
46 
47 #include "xmalloc.h"
48 #include "misc.h"
49 #include "log.h"
50 #include "ssh.h"
51 
52 /* remove newline at end of string */
53 char *
54 chop(char *s)
55 {
56 	char *t = s;
57 	while (*t) {
58 		if (*t == '\n' || *t == '\r') {
59 			*t = '\0';
60 			return s;
61 		}
62 		t++;
63 	}
64 	return s;
65 
66 }
67 
68 /* set/unset filedescriptor to non-blocking */
69 int
70 set_nonblock(int fd)
71 {
72 	int val;
73 
74 	val = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
75 	if (val < 0) {
76 		error("fcntl(%d, F_GETFL, 0): %s", fd, strerror(errno));
77 		return (-1);
78 	}
79 	if (val & O_NONBLOCK) {
80 		debug3("fd %d is O_NONBLOCK", fd);
81 		return (0);
82 	}
83 	debug2("fd %d setting O_NONBLOCK", fd);
84 	val |= O_NONBLOCK;
85 	if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, val) == -1) {
86 		debug("fcntl(%d, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK): %s", fd,
87 		    strerror(errno));
88 		return (-1);
89 	}
90 	return (0);
91 }
92 
93 int
94 unset_nonblock(int fd)
95 {
96 	int val;
97 
98 	val = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
99 	if (val < 0) {
100 		error("fcntl(%d, F_GETFL, 0): %s", fd, strerror(errno));
101 		return (-1);
102 	}
103 	if (!(val & O_NONBLOCK)) {
104 		debug3("fd %d is not O_NONBLOCK", fd);
105 		return (0);
106 	}
107 	debug("fd %d clearing O_NONBLOCK", fd);
108 	val &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
109 	if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, val) == -1) {
110 		debug("fcntl(%d, F_SETFL, ~O_NONBLOCK): %s",
111 		    fd, strerror(errno));
112 		return (-1);
113 	}
114 	return (0);
115 }
116 
117 const char *
118 ssh_gai_strerror(int gaierr)
119 {
120 	if (gaierr == EAI_SYSTEM)
121 		return strerror(errno);
122 	return gai_strerror(gaierr);
123 }
124 
125 /* disable nagle on socket */
126 void
127 set_nodelay(int fd)
128 {
129 	int opt;
130 	socklen_t optlen;
131 
132 	optlen = sizeof opt;
133 	if (getsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &opt, &optlen) == -1) {
134 		debug("getsockopt TCP_NODELAY: %.100s", strerror(errno));
135 		return;
136 	}
137 	if (opt == 1) {
138 		debug2("fd %d is TCP_NODELAY", fd);
139 		return;
140 	}
141 	opt = 1;
142 	debug2("fd %d setting TCP_NODELAY", fd);
143 	if (setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &opt, sizeof opt) == -1)
144 		error("setsockopt TCP_NODELAY: %.100s", strerror(errno));
145 }
146 
147 /* Characters considered whitespace in strsep calls. */
148 #define WHITESPACE " \t\r\n"
149 #define QUOTE	"\""
150 
151 /* return next token in configuration line */
152 char *
153 strdelim(char **s)
154 {
155 	char *old;
156 	int wspace = 0;
157 
158 	if (*s == NULL)
159 		return NULL;
160 
161 	old = *s;
162 
163 	*s = strpbrk(*s, WHITESPACE QUOTE "=");
164 	if (*s == NULL)
165 		return (old);
166 
167 	if (*s[0] == '\"') {
168 		memmove(*s, *s + 1, strlen(*s)); /* move nul too */
169 		/* Find matching quote */
170 		if ((*s = strpbrk(*s, QUOTE)) == NULL) {
171 			return (NULL);		/* no matching quote */
172 		} else {
173 			*s[0] = '\0';
174 			return (old);
175 		}
176 	}
177 
178 	/* Allow only one '=' to be skipped */
179 	if (*s[0] == '=')
180 		wspace = 1;
181 	*s[0] = '\0';
182 
183 	/* Skip any extra whitespace after first token */
184 	*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
185 	if (*s[0] == '=' && !wspace)
186 		*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
187 
188 	return (old);
189 }
190 
191 struct passwd *
192 pwcopy(struct passwd *pw)
193 {
194 	struct passwd *copy = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*copy));
195 
196 	copy->pw_name = xstrdup(pw->pw_name);
197 	copy->pw_passwd = xstrdup(pw->pw_passwd);
198 	copy->pw_gecos = xstrdup(pw->pw_gecos);
199 	copy->pw_uid = pw->pw_uid;
200 	copy->pw_gid = pw->pw_gid;
201 	copy->pw_expire = pw->pw_expire;
202 	copy->pw_change = pw->pw_change;
203 	copy->pw_class = xstrdup(pw->pw_class);
204 	copy->pw_dir = xstrdup(pw->pw_dir);
205 	copy->pw_shell = xstrdup(pw->pw_shell);
206 	return copy;
207 }
208 
209 /*
210  * Convert ASCII string to TCP/IP port number.
211  * Port must be >0 and <=65535.
212  * Return 0 if invalid.
213  */
214 int
215 a2port(const char *s)
216 {
217 	long port;
218 	char *endp;
219 
220 	errno = 0;
221 	port = strtol(s, &endp, 0);
222 	if (s == endp || *endp != '\0' ||
223 	    (errno == ERANGE && (port == LONG_MIN || port == LONG_MAX)) ||
224 	    port <= 0 || port > 65535)
225 		return 0;
226 
227 	return port;
228 }
229 
230 int
231 a2tun(const char *s, int *remote)
232 {
233 	const char *errstr = NULL;
234 	char *sp, *ep;
235 	int tun;
236 
237 	if (remote != NULL) {
238 		*remote = SSH_TUNID_ANY;
239 		sp = xstrdup(s);
240 		if ((ep = strchr(sp, ':')) == NULL) {
241 			xfree(sp);
242 			return (a2tun(s, NULL));
243 		}
244 		ep[0] = '\0'; ep++;
245 		*remote = a2tun(ep, NULL);
246 		tun = a2tun(sp, NULL);
247 		xfree(sp);
248 		return (*remote == SSH_TUNID_ERR ? *remote : tun);
249 	}
250 
251 	if (strcasecmp(s, "any") == 0)
252 		return (SSH_TUNID_ANY);
253 
254 	tun = strtonum(s, 0, SSH_TUNID_MAX, &errstr);
255 	if (errstr != NULL)
256 		return (SSH_TUNID_ERR);
257 
258 	return (tun);
259 }
260 
261 #define SECONDS		1
262 #define MINUTES		(SECONDS * 60)
263 #define HOURS		(MINUTES * 60)
264 #define DAYS		(HOURS * 24)
265 #define WEEKS		(DAYS * 7)
266 
267 /*
268  * Convert a time string into seconds; format is
269  * a sequence of:
270  *      time[qualifier]
271  *
272  * Valid time qualifiers are:
273  *      <none>  seconds
274  *      s|S     seconds
275  *      m|M     minutes
276  *      h|H     hours
277  *      d|D     days
278  *      w|W     weeks
279  *
280  * Examples:
281  *      90m     90 minutes
282  *      1h30m   90 minutes
283  *      2d      2 days
284  *      1w      1 week
285  *
286  * Return -1 if time string is invalid.
287  */
288 long
289 convtime(const char *s)
290 {
291 	long total, secs;
292 	const char *p;
293 	char *endp;
294 
295 	errno = 0;
296 	total = 0;
297 	p = s;
298 
299 	if (p == NULL || *p == '\0')
300 		return -1;
301 
302 	while (*p) {
303 		secs = strtol(p, &endp, 10);
304 		if (p == endp ||
305 		    (errno == ERANGE && (secs == LONG_MIN || secs == LONG_MAX)) ||
306 		    secs < 0)
307 			return -1;
308 
309 		switch (*endp++) {
310 		case '\0':
311 			endp--;
312 			break;
313 		case 's':
314 		case 'S':
315 			break;
316 		case 'm':
317 		case 'M':
318 			secs *= MINUTES;
319 			break;
320 		case 'h':
321 		case 'H':
322 			secs *= HOURS;
323 			break;
324 		case 'd':
325 		case 'D':
326 			secs *= DAYS;
327 			break;
328 		case 'w':
329 		case 'W':
330 			secs *= WEEKS;
331 			break;
332 		default:
333 			return -1;
334 		}
335 		total += secs;
336 		if (total < 0)
337 			return -1;
338 		p = endp;
339 	}
340 
341 	return total;
342 }
343 
344 /*
345  * Returns a standardized host+port identifier string.
346  * Caller must free returned string.
347  */
348 char *
349 put_host_port(const char *host, u_short port)
350 {
351 	char *hoststr;
352 
353 	if (port == 0 || port == SSH_DEFAULT_PORT)
354 		return(xstrdup(host));
355 	if (asprintf(&hoststr, "[%s]:%d", host, (int)port) < 0)
356 		fatal("put_host_port: asprintf: %s", strerror(errno));
357 	debug3("put_host_port: %s", hoststr);
358 	return hoststr;
359 }
360 
361 /*
362  * Search for next delimiter between hostnames/addresses and ports.
363  * Argument may be modified (for termination).
364  * Returns *cp if parsing succeeds.
365  * *cp is set to the start of the next delimiter, if one was found.
366  * If this is the last field, *cp is set to NULL.
367  */
368 char *
369 hpdelim(char **cp)
370 {
371 	char *s, *old;
372 
373 	if (cp == NULL || *cp == NULL)
374 		return NULL;
375 
376 	old = s = *cp;
377 	if (*s == '[') {
378 		if ((s = strchr(s, ']')) == NULL)
379 			return NULL;
380 		else
381 			s++;
382 	} else if ((s = strpbrk(s, ":/")) == NULL)
383 		s = *cp + strlen(*cp); /* skip to end (see first case below) */
384 
385 	switch (*s) {
386 	case '\0':
387 		*cp = NULL;	/* no more fields*/
388 		break;
389 
390 	case ':':
391 	case '/':
392 		*s = '\0';	/* terminate */
393 		*cp = s + 1;
394 		break;
395 
396 	default:
397 		return NULL;
398 	}
399 
400 	return old;
401 }
402 
403 char *
404 cleanhostname(char *host)
405 {
406 	if (*host == '[' && host[strlen(host) - 1] == ']') {
407 		host[strlen(host) - 1] = '\0';
408 		return (host + 1);
409 	} else
410 		return host;
411 }
412 
413 char *
414 colon(char *cp)
415 {
416 	int flag = 0;
417 
418 	if (*cp == ':')		/* Leading colon is part of file name. */
419 		return (0);
420 	if (*cp == '[')
421 		flag = 1;
422 
423 	for (; *cp; ++cp) {
424 		if (*cp == '@' && *(cp+1) == '[')
425 			flag = 1;
426 		if (*cp == ']' && *(cp+1) == ':' && flag)
427 			return (cp+1);
428 		if (*cp == ':' && !flag)
429 			return (cp);
430 		if (*cp == '/')
431 			return (0);
432 	}
433 	return (0);
434 }
435 
436 /* function to assist building execv() arguments */
437 void
438 addargs(arglist *args, char *fmt, ...)
439 {
440 	va_list ap;
441 	char *cp;
442 	u_int nalloc;
443 	int r;
444 
445 	va_start(ap, fmt);
446 	r = vasprintf(&cp, fmt, ap);
447 	va_end(ap);
448 	if (r == -1)
449 		fatal("addargs: argument too long");
450 
451 	nalloc = args->nalloc;
452 	if (args->list == NULL) {
453 		nalloc = 32;
454 		args->num = 0;
455 	} else if (args->num+2 >= nalloc)
456 		nalloc *= 2;
457 
458 	args->list = xrealloc(args->list, nalloc, sizeof(char *));
459 	args->nalloc = nalloc;
460 	args->list[args->num++] = cp;
461 	args->list[args->num] = NULL;
462 }
463 
464 void
465 replacearg(arglist *args, u_int which, char *fmt, ...)
466 {
467 	va_list ap;
468 	char *cp;
469 	int r;
470 
471 	va_start(ap, fmt);
472 	r = vasprintf(&cp, fmt, ap);
473 	va_end(ap);
474 	if (r == -1)
475 		fatal("replacearg: argument too long");
476 
477 	if (which >= args->num)
478 		fatal("replacearg: tried to replace invalid arg %d >= %d",
479 		    which, args->num);
480 	xfree(args->list[which]);
481 	args->list[which] = cp;
482 }
483 
484 void
485 freeargs(arglist *args)
486 {
487 	u_int i;
488 
489 	if (args->list != NULL) {
490 		for (i = 0; i < args->num; i++)
491 			xfree(args->list[i]);
492 		xfree(args->list);
493 		args->nalloc = args->num = 0;
494 		args->list = NULL;
495 	}
496 }
497 
498 /*
499  * Expands tildes in the file name.  Returns data allocated by xmalloc.
500  * Warning: this calls getpw*.
501  */
502 char *
503 tilde_expand_filename(const char *filename, uid_t uid)
504 {
505 	const char *path;
506 	char user[128], ret[MAXPATHLEN];
507 	struct passwd *pw;
508 	u_int len, slash;
509 
510 	if (*filename != '~')
511 		return (xstrdup(filename));
512 	filename++;
513 
514 	path = strchr(filename, '/');
515 	if (path != NULL && path > filename) {		/* ~user/path */
516 		slash = path - filename;
517 		if (slash > sizeof(user) - 1)
518 			fatal("tilde_expand_filename: ~username too long");
519 		memcpy(user, filename, slash);
520 		user[slash] = '\0';
521 		if ((pw = getpwnam(user)) == NULL)
522 			fatal("tilde_expand_filename: No such user %s", user);
523 	} else if ((pw = getpwuid(uid)) == NULL)	/* ~/path */
524 		fatal("tilde_expand_filename: No such uid %ld", (long)uid);
525 
526 	if (strlcpy(ret, pw->pw_dir, sizeof(ret)) >= sizeof(ret))
527 		fatal("tilde_expand_filename: Path too long");
528 
529 	/* Make sure directory has a trailing '/' */
530 	len = strlen(pw->pw_dir);
531 	if ((len == 0 || pw->pw_dir[len - 1] != '/') &&
532 	    strlcat(ret, "/", sizeof(ret)) >= sizeof(ret))
533 		fatal("tilde_expand_filename: Path too long");
534 
535 	/* Skip leading '/' from specified path */
536 	if (path != NULL)
537 		filename = path + 1;
538 	if (strlcat(ret, filename, sizeof(ret)) >= sizeof(ret))
539 		fatal("tilde_expand_filename: Path too long");
540 
541 	return (xstrdup(ret));
542 }
543 
544 /*
545  * Expand a string with a set of %[char] escapes. A number of escapes may be
546  * specified as (char *escape_chars, char *replacement) pairs. The list must
547  * be terminated by a NULL escape_char. Returns replaced string in memory
548  * allocated by xmalloc.
549  */
550 char *
551 percent_expand(const char *string, ...)
552 {
553 #define EXPAND_MAX_KEYS	16
554 	struct {
555 		const char *key;
556 		const char *repl;
557 	} keys[EXPAND_MAX_KEYS];
558 	u_int num_keys, i, j;
559 	char buf[4096];
560 	va_list ap;
561 
562 	/* Gather keys */
563 	va_start(ap, string);
564 	for (num_keys = 0; num_keys < EXPAND_MAX_KEYS; num_keys++) {
565 		keys[num_keys].key = va_arg(ap, char *);
566 		if (keys[num_keys].key == NULL)
567 			break;
568 		keys[num_keys].repl = va_arg(ap, char *);
569 		if (keys[num_keys].repl == NULL)
570 			fatal("percent_expand: NULL replacement");
571 	}
572 	va_end(ap);
573 
574 	if (num_keys >= EXPAND_MAX_KEYS)
575 		fatal("percent_expand: too many keys");
576 
577 	/* Expand string */
578 	*buf = '\0';
579 	for (i = 0; *string != '\0'; string++) {
580 		if (*string != '%') {
581  append:
582 			buf[i++] = *string;
583 			if (i >= sizeof(buf))
584 				fatal("percent_expand: string too long");
585 			buf[i] = '\0';
586 			continue;
587 		}
588 		string++;
589 		if (*string == '%')
590 			goto append;
591 		for (j = 0; j < num_keys; j++) {
592 			if (strchr(keys[j].key, *string) != NULL) {
593 				i = strlcat(buf, keys[j].repl, sizeof(buf));
594 				if (i >= sizeof(buf))
595 					fatal("percent_expand: string too long");
596 				break;
597 			}
598 		}
599 		if (j >= num_keys)
600 			fatal("percent_expand: unknown key %%%c", *string);
601 	}
602 	return (xstrdup(buf));
603 #undef EXPAND_MAX_KEYS
604 }
605 
606 /*
607  * Read an entire line from a public key file into a static buffer, discarding
608  * lines that exceed the buffer size.  Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
609  */
610 int
611 read_keyfile_line(FILE *f, const char *filename, char *buf, size_t bufsz,
612    u_long *lineno)
613 {
614 	while (fgets(buf, bufsz, f) != NULL) {
615 		if (buf[0] == '\0')
616 			continue;
617 		(*lineno)++;
618 		if (buf[strlen(buf) - 1] == '\n' || feof(f)) {
619 			return 0;
620 		} else {
621 			debug("%s: %s line %lu exceeds size limit", __func__,
622 			    filename, *lineno);
623 			/* discard remainder of line */
624 			while (fgetc(f) != '\n' && !feof(f))
625 				;	/* nothing */
626 		}
627 	}
628 	return -1;
629 }
630 
631 int
632 tun_open(int tun, int mode)
633 {
634 	struct ifreq ifr;
635 	char name[100];
636 	int fd = -1, sock;
637 
638 	/* Open the tunnel device */
639 	if (tun <= SSH_TUNID_MAX) {
640 		snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "/dev/tun%d", tun);
641 		fd = open(name, O_RDWR);
642 	} else if (tun == SSH_TUNID_ANY) {
643 		for (tun = 100; tun >= 0; tun--) {
644 			snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "/dev/tun%d", tun);
645 			if ((fd = open(name, O_RDWR)) >= 0)
646 				break;
647 		}
648 	} else {
649 		debug("%s: invalid tunnel %u", __func__, tun);
650 		return (-1);
651 	}
652 
653 	if (fd < 0) {
654 		debug("%s: %s open failed: %s", __func__, name, strerror(errno));
655 		return (-1);
656 	}
657 
658 	debug("%s: %s mode %d fd %d", __func__, name, mode, fd);
659 
660 	/* Set the tunnel device operation mode */
661 	snprintf(ifr.ifr_name, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name), "tun%d", tun);
662 	if ((sock = socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1)
663 		goto failed;
664 
665 	if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1)
666 		goto failed;
667 
668 	/* Set interface mode */
669 	ifr.ifr_flags &= ~IFF_UP;
670 	if (mode == SSH_TUNMODE_ETHERNET)
671 		ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_LINK0;
672 	else
673 		ifr.ifr_flags &= ~IFF_LINK0;
674 	if (ioctl(sock, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1)
675 		goto failed;
676 
677 	/* Bring interface up */
678 	ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_UP;
679 	if (ioctl(sock, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1)
680 		goto failed;
681 
682 	close(sock);
683 	return (fd);
684 
685  failed:
686 	if (fd >= 0)
687 		close(fd);
688 	if (sock >= 0)
689 		close(sock);
690 	debug("%s: failed to set %s mode %d: %s", __func__, name,
691 	    mode, strerror(errno));
692 	return (-1);
693 }
694 
695 void
696 sanitise_stdfd(void)
697 {
698 	int nullfd, dupfd;
699 
700 	if ((nullfd = dupfd = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
701 		fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open /dev/null: %s", strerror(errno));
702 		exit(1);
703 	}
704 	while (++dupfd <= 2) {
705 		/* Only clobber closed fds */
706 		if (fcntl(dupfd, F_GETFL, 0) >= 0)
707 			continue;
708 		if (dup2(nullfd, dupfd) == -1) {
709 			fprintf(stderr, "dup2: %s", strerror(errno));
710 			exit(1);
711 		}
712 	}
713 	if (nullfd > 2)
714 		close(nullfd);
715 }
716 
717 char *
718 tohex(const void *vp, size_t l)
719 {
720 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
721 	char b[3], *r;
722 	size_t i, hl;
723 
724 	if (l > 65536)
725 		return xstrdup("tohex: length > 65536");
726 
727 	hl = l * 2 + 1;
728 	r = xcalloc(1, hl);
729 	for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
730 		snprintf(b, sizeof(b), "%02x", p[i]);
731 		strlcat(r, b, hl);
732 	}
733 	return (r);
734 }
735 
736 u_int64_t
737 get_u64(const void *vp)
738 {
739 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
740 	u_int64_t v;
741 
742 	v  = (u_int64_t)p[0] << 56;
743 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[1] << 48;
744 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[2] << 40;
745 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[3] << 32;
746 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[4] << 24;
747 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[5] << 16;
748 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[6] << 8;
749 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[7];
750 
751 	return (v);
752 }
753 
754 u_int32_t
755 get_u32(const void *vp)
756 {
757 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
758 	u_int32_t v;
759 
760 	v  = (u_int32_t)p[0] << 24;
761 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[1] << 16;
762 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[2] << 8;
763 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[3];
764 
765 	return (v);
766 }
767 
768 u_int16_t
769 get_u16(const void *vp)
770 {
771 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
772 	u_int16_t v;
773 
774 	v  = (u_int16_t)p[0] << 8;
775 	v |= (u_int16_t)p[1];
776 
777 	return (v);
778 }
779 
780 void
781 put_u64(void *vp, u_int64_t v)
782 {
783 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
784 
785 	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 56) & 0xff;
786 	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 48) & 0xff;
787 	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 40) & 0xff;
788 	p[3] = (u_char)(v >> 32) & 0xff;
789 	p[4] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
790 	p[5] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
791 	p[6] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
792 	p[7] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
793 }
794 
795 void
796 put_u32(void *vp, u_int32_t v)
797 {
798 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
799 
800 	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
801 	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
802 	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
803 	p[3] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
804 }
805 
806 
807 void
808 put_u16(void *vp, u_int16_t v)
809 {
810 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
811 
812 	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
813 	p[1] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
814 }
815 
816 void
817 ms_subtract_diff(struct timeval *start, int *ms)
818 {
819 	struct timeval diff, finish;
820 
821 	gettimeofday(&finish, NULL);
822 	timersub(&finish, start, &diff);
823 	*ms -= (diff.tv_sec * 1000) + (diff.tv_usec / 1000);
824 }
825 
826 void
827 ms_to_timeval(struct timeval *tv, int ms)
828 {
829 	if (ms < 0)
830 		ms = 0;
831 	tv->tv_sec = ms / 1000;
832 	tv->tv_usec = (ms % 1000) * 1000;
833 }
834 
835