1 /* $OpenBSD: monitor_wrap.c,v 1.89 2016/08/13 17:47:41 markus Exp $ */ 2 /* 3 * Copyright 2002 Niels Provos <provos@citi.umich.edu> 4 * Copyright 2002 Markus Friedl <markus@openbsd.org> 5 * All rights reserved. 6 * 7 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9 * are met: 10 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15 * 16 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 17 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES 18 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. 19 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, 20 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT 21 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, 22 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY 23 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT 24 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF 25 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26 */ 27 28 #include <sys/types.h> 29 #include <sys/uio.h> 30 #include <sys/queue.h> 31 32 #include <errno.h> 33 #include <pwd.h> 34 #include <signal.h> 35 #include <stdio.h> 36 #include <string.h> 37 #include <unistd.h> 38 39 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL 40 #include <openssl/bn.h> 41 #include <openssl/dh.h> 42 #endif 43 44 #include "xmalloc.h" 45 #include "ssh.h" 46 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL 47 #include "dh.h" 48 #endif 49 #include "buffer.h" 50 #include "key.h" 51 #include "cipher.h" 52 #include "kex.h" 53 #include "hostfile.h" 54 #include "auth.h" 55 #include "auth-options.h" 56 #include "packet.h" 57 #include "mac.h" 58 #include "log.h" 59 #include <zlib.h> 60 #include "monitor.h" 61 #ifdef GSSAPI 62 #include "ssh-gss.h" 63 #endif 64 #include "monitor_wrap.h" 65 #include "atomicio.h" 66 #include "monitor_fdpass.h" 67 #include "misc.h" 68 #include "uuencode.h" 69 70 #include "channels.h" 71 #include "session.h" 72 #include "servconf.h" 73 74 #include "ssherr.h" 75 76 /* Imports */ 77 extern z_stream incoming_stream; 78 extern z_stream outgoing_stream; 79 extern struct monitor *pmonitor; 80 extern Buffer loginmsg; 81 extern ServerOptions options; 82 83 void 84 mm_log_handler(LogLevel level, const char *msg, void *ctx) 85 { 86 Buffer log_msg; 87 struct monitor *mon = (struct monitor *)ctx; 88 89 if (mon->m_log_sendfd == -1) 90 fatal("%s: no log channel", __func__); 91 92 buffer_init(&log_msg); 93 /* 94 * Placeholder for packet length. Will be filled in with the actual 95 * packet length once the packet has been constucted. This saves 96 * fragile math. 97 */ 98 buffer_put_int(&log_msg, 0); 99 100 buffer_put_int(&log_msg, level); 101 buffer_put_cstring(&log_msg, msg); 102 put_u32(buffer_ptr(&log_msg), buffer_len(&log_msg) - 4); 103 if (atomicio(vwrite, mon->m_log_sendfd, buffer_ptr(&log_msg), 104 buffer_len(&log_msg)) != buffer_len(&log_msg)) 105 fatal("%s: write: %s", __func__, strerror(errno)); 106 buffer_free(&log_msg); 107 } 108 109 int 110 mm_is_monitor(void) 111 { 112 /* 113 * m_pid is only set in the privileged part, and 114 * points to the unprivileged child. 115 */ 116 return (pmonitor && pmonitor->m_pid > 0); 117 } 118 119 void 120 mm_request_send(int sock, enum monitor_reqtype type, Buffer *m) 121 { 122 u_int mlen = buffer_len(m); 123 u_char buf[5]; 124 125 debug3("%s entering: type %d", __func__, type); 126 127 put_u32(buf, mlen + 1); 128 buf[4] = (u_char) type; /* 1st byte of payload is mesg-type */ 129 if (atomicio(vwrite, sock, buf, sizeof(buf)) != sizeof(buf)) 130 fatal("%s: write: %s", __func__, strerror(errno)); 131 if (atomicio(vwrite, sock, buffer_ptr(m), mlen) != mlen) 132 fatal("%s: write: %s", __func__, strerror(errno)); 133 } 134 135 void 136 mm_request_receive(int sock, Buffer *m) 137 { 138 u_char buf[4]; 139 u_int msg_len; 140 141 debug3("%s entering", __func__); 142 143 if (atomicio(read, sock, buf, sizeof(buf)) != sizeof(buf)) { 144 if (errno == EPIPE) 145 cleanup_exit(255); 146 fatal("%s: read: %s", __func__, strerror(errno)); 147 } 148 msg_len = get_u32(buf); 149 if (msg_len > 256 * 1024) 150 fatal("%s: read: bad msg_len %d", __func__, msg_len); 151 buffer_clear(m); 152 buffer_append_space(m, msg_len); 153 if (atomicio(read, sock, buffer_ptr(m), msg_len) != msg_len) 154 fatal("%s: read: %s", __func__, strerror(errno)); 155 } 156 157 void 158 mm_request_receive_expect(int sock, enum monitor_reqtype type, Buffer *m) 159 { 160 u_char rtype; 161 162 debug3("%s entering: type %d", __func__, type); 163 164 mm_request_receive(sock, m); 165 rtype = buffer_get_char(m); 166 if (rtype != type) 167 fatal("%s: read: rtype %d != type %d", __func__, 168 rtype, type); 169 } 170 171 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL 172 DH * 173 mm_choose_dh(int min, int nbits, int max) 174 { 175 BIGNUM *p, *g; 176 int success = 0; 177 Buffer m; 178 179 buffer_init(&m); 180 buffer_put_int(&m, min); 181 buffer_put_int(&m, nbits); 182 buffer_put_int(&m, max); 183 184 mm_request_send(pmonitor->m_recvfd, MONITOR_REQ_MODULI, &m); 185 186 debug3("%s: waiting for MONITOR_ANS_MODULI", __func__); 187 mm_request_receive_expect(pmonitor->m_recvfd, MONITOR_ANS_MODULI, &m); 188 189 success = buffer_get_char(&m); 190 if (success == 0) 191 fatal("%s: MONITOR_ANS_MODULI failed", __func__); 192 193 if ((p = BN_new()) == NULL) 194 fatal("%s: BN_new failed", __func__); 195 if ((g = BN_new()) == NULL) 196 fatal("%s: BN_new failed", __func__); 197 buffer_get_bignum2(&m, p); 198 buffer_get_bignum2(&m, g); 199 200 debug3("%s: remaining %d", __func__, buffer_len(&m)); 201 buffer_free(&m); 202 203 return (dh_new_group(g, p)); 204 } 205 #endif 206 207 int 208 mm_key_sign(Key *key, u_char **sigp, u_int *lenp, 209 const u_char *data, u_int datalen, const char *hostkey_alg) 210 { 211 struct kex *kex = *pmonitor->m_pkex; 212 Buffer m; 213 214 debug3("%s entering", __func__); 215 216 buffer_init(&m); 217 buffer_put_int(&m, kex->host_key_index(key, 0, active_state)); 218 buffer_put_string(&m, data, datalen); 219 buffer_put_cstring(&m, hostkey_alg); 220 221 mm_request_send(pmonitor->m_recvfd, MONITOR_REQ_SIGN, &m); 222 223 debug3("%s: waiting for MONITOR_ANS_SIGN", __func__); 224 mm_request_receive_expect(pmonitor->m_recvfd, MONITOR_ANS_SIGN, &m); 225 *sigp = buffer_get_string(&m, lenp); 226 buffer_free(&m); 227 228 return (0); 229 } 230 231 struct passwd * 232 mm_getpwnamallow(const char *username) 233 { 234 Buffer m; 235 struct passwd *pw; 236 u_int len, i; 237 ServerOptions *newopts; 238 239 debug3("%s entering", __func__); 240 241 buffer_init(&m); 242 buffer_put_cstring(&m, username); 243 244 mm_request_send(pmonitor->m_recvfd, MONITOR_REQ_PWNAM, &m); 245 246 debug3("%s: waiting for MONITOR_ANS_PWNAM", __func__); 247 mm_request_receive_expect(pmonitor->m_recvfd, MONITOR_ANS_PWNAM, &m); 248 249 if (buffer_get_char(&m) == 0) { 250 pw = NULL; 251 goto out; 252 } 253 pw = buffer_get_string(&m, &len); 254 if (len != sizeof(struct passwd)) 255 fatal("%s: struct passwd size mismatch", __func__); 256 pw->pw_name = buffer_get_string(&m, NULL); 257 pw->pw_passwd = buffer_get_string(&m, NULL); 258 pw->pw_gecos = buffer_get_string(&m, NULL); 259 pw->pw_class = buffer_get_string(&m, NULL); 260 pw->pw_dir = buffer_get_string(&m, NULL); 261 pw->pw_shell = buffer_get_string(&m, NULL); 262 263 out: 264 /* copy options block as a Match directive may have changed some */ 265 newopts = buffer_get_string(&m, &len); 266 if (len != sizeof(*newopts)) 267 fatal("%s: option block size mismatch", __func__); 268 269 #define M_CP_STROPT(x) do { \ 270 if (newopts->x != NULL) \ 271 newopts->x = buffer_get_string(&m, NULL); \ 272 } while (0) 273 #define M_CP_STRARRAYOPT(x, nx) do { \ 274 for (i = 0; i < newopts->nx; i++) \ 275 newopts->x[i] = buffer_get_string(&m, NULL); \ 276 } while (0) 277 /* See comment in servconf.h */ 278 COPY_MATCH_STRING_OPTS(); 279 #undef M_CP_STROPT 280 #undef M_CP_STRARRAYOPT 281 282 copy_set_server_options(&options, newopts, 1); 283 free(newopts); 284 285 buffer_free(&m); 286 287 return (pw); 288 } 289 290 char * 291 mm_auth2_read_banner(void) 292 { 293 Buffer m; 294 char *banner; 295 296 debug3("%s entering", __func__); 297 298 buffer_init(&m); 299 mm_request_send(pmonitor->m_recvfd, MONITOR_REQ_AUTH2_READ_BANNER, &m); 300 buffer_clear(&m); 301 302 mm_request_receive_expect(pmonitor->m_recvfd, 303 MONITOR_ANS_AUTH2_READ_BANNER, &m); 304 banner = buffer_get_string(&m, NULL); 305 buffer_free(&m); 306 307 /* treat empty banner as missing banner */ 308 if (strlen(banner) == 0) { 309 free(banner); 310 banner = NULL; 311 } 312 return (banner); 313 } 314 315 /* Inform the privileged process about service and style */ 316 317 void 318 mm_inform_authserv(char *service, char *style) 319 { 320 Buffer m; 321 322 debug3("%s entering", __func__); 323 324 buffer_init(&m); 325 buffer_put_cstring(&m, service); 326 buffer_put_cstring(&m, style ? style : ""); 327 328 mm_request_send(pmonitor->m_recvfd, MONITOR_REQ_AUTHSERV, &m); 329 330 buffer_free(&m); 331 } 332 333 /* Do the password authentication */ 334 int 335 mm_auth_password(Authctxt *authctxt, char *password) 336 { 337 Buffer m; 338 int authenticated = 0; 339 340 debug3("%s entering", __func__); 341 342 buffer_init(&m); 343 buffer_put_cstring(&m, password); 344 mm_request_send(pmonitor->m_recvfd, MONITOR_REQ_AUTHPASSWORD, &m); 345 346 debug3("%s: waiting for MONITOR_ANS_AUTHPASSWORD", __func__); 347 mm_request_receive_expect(pmonitor->m_recvfd, MONITOR_ANS_AUTHPASSWORD, &m); 348 349 authenticated = buffer_get_int(&m); 350 351 buffer_free(&m); 352 353 debug3("%s: user %sauthenticated", 354 __func__, authenticated ? "" : "not "); 355 return (authenticated); 356 } 357 358 int 359 mm_user_key_allowed(struct passwd *pw, Key *key, int pubkey_auth_attempt) 360 { 361 return (mm_key_allowed(MM_USERKEY, NULL, NULL, key, 362 pubkey_auth_attempt)); 363 } 364 365 int 366 mm_hostbased_key_allowed(struct passwd *pw, const char *user, const char *host, 367 Key *key) 368 { 369 return (mm_key_allowed(MM_HOSTKEY, user, host, key, 0)); 370 } 371 372 int 373 mm_key_allowed(enum mm_keytype type, const char *user, const char *host, 374 Key *key, int pubkey_auth_attempt) 375 { 376 Buffer m; 377 u_char *blob; 378 u_int len; 379 int allowed = 0, have_forced = 0; 380 381 debug3("%s entering", __func__); 382 383 /* Convert the key to a blob and the pass it over */ 384 if (!key_to_blob(key, &blob, &len)) 385 return (0); 386 387 buffer_init(&m); 388 buffer_put_int(&m, type); 389 buffer_put_cstring(&m, user ? user : ""); 390 buffer_put_cstring(&m, host ? host : ""); 391 buffer_put_string(&m, blob, len); 392 buffer_put_int(&m, pubkey_auth_attempt); 393 free(blob); 394 395 mm_request_send(pmonitor->m_recvfd, MONITOR_REQ_KEYALLOWED, &m); 396 397 debug3("%s: waiting for MONITOR_ANS_KEYALLOWED", __func__); 398 mm_request_receive_expect(pmonitor->m_recvfd, MONITOR_ANS_KEYALLOWED, &m); 399 400 allowed = buffer_get_int(&m); 401 402 /* fake forced command */ 403 auth_clear_options(); 404 have_forced = buffer_get_int(&m); 405 forced_command = have_forced ? xstrdup("true") : NULL; 406 407 buffer_free(&m); 408 409 return (allowed); 410 } 411 412 /* 413 * This key verify needs to send the key type along, because the 414 * privileged parent makes the decision if the key is allowed 415 * for authentication. 416 */ 417 418 int 419 mm_key_verify(Key *key, u_char *sig, u_int siglen, u_char *data, u_int datalen) 420 { 421 Buffer m; 422 u_char *blob; 423 u_int len; 424 int verified = 0; 425 426 debug3("%s entering", __func__); 427 428 /* Convert the key to a blob and the pass it over */ 429 if (!key_to_blob(key, &blob, &len)) 430 return (0); 431 432 buffer_init(&m); 433 buffer_put_string(&m, blob, len); 434 buffer_put_string(&m, sig, siglen); 435 buffer_put_string(&m, data, datalen); 436 free(blob); 437 438 mm_request_send(pmonitor->m_recvfd, MONITOR_REQ_KEYVERIFY, &m); 439 440 debug3("%s: waiting for MONITOR_ANS_KEYVERIFY", __func__); 441 mm_request_receive_expect(pmonitor->m_recvfd, MONITOR_ANS_KEYVERIFY, &m); 442 443 verified = buffer_get_int(&m); 444 445 buffer_free(&m); 446 447 return (verified); 448 } 449 450 void 451 mm_send_keystate(struct monitor *monitor) 452 { 453 struct ssh *ssh = active_state; /* XXX */ 454 struct sshbuf *m; 455 int r; 456 457 if ((m = sshbuf_new()) == NULL) 458 fatal("%s: sshbuf_new failed", __func__); 459 if ((r = ssh_packet_get_state(ssh, m)) != 0) 460 fatal("%s: get_state failed: %s", 461 __func__, ssh_err(r)); 462 mm_request_send(monitor->m_recvfd, MONITOR_REQ_KEYEXPORT, m); 463 debug3("%s: Finished sending state", __func__); 464 sshbuf_free(m); 465 } 466 467 int 468 mm_pty_allocate(int *ptyfd, int *ttyfd, char *namebuf, size_t namebuflen) 469 { 470 Buffer m; 471 char *p, *msg; 472 int success = 0, tmp1 = -1, tmp2 = -1; 473 474 /* Kludge: ensure there are fds free to receive the pty/tty */ 475 if ((tmp1 = dup(pmonitor->m_recvfd)) == -1 || 476 (tmp2 = dup(pmonitor->m_recvfd)) == -1) { 477 error("%s: cannot allocate fds for pty", __func__); 478 if (tmp1 > 0) 479 close(tmp1); 480 if (tmp2 > 0) 481 close(tmp2); 482 return 0; 483 } 484 close(tmp1); 485 close(tmp2); 486 487 buffer_init(&m); 488 mm_request_send(pmonitor->m_recvfd, MONITOR_REQ_PTY, &m); 489 490 debug3("%s: waiting for MONITOR_ANS_PTY", __func__); 491 mm_request_receive_expect(pmonitor->m_recvfd, MONITOR_ANS_PTY, &m); 492 493 success = buffer_get_int(&m); 494 if (success == 0) { 495 debug3("%s: pty alloc failed", __func__); 496 buffer_free(&m); 497 return (0); 498 } 499 p = buffer_get_string(&m, NULL); 500 msg = buffer_get_string(&m, NULL); 501 buffer_free(&m); 502 503 strlcpy(namebuf, p, namebuflen); /* Possible truncation */ 504 free(p); 505 506 buffer_append(&loginmsg, msg, strlen(msg)); 507 free(msg); 508 509 if ((*ptyfd = mm_receive_fd(pmonitor->m_recvfd)) == -1 || 510 (*ttyfd = mm_receive_fd(pmonitor->m_recvfd)) == -1) 511 fatal("%s: receive fds failed", __func__); 512 513 /* Success */ 514 return (1); 515 } 516 517 void 518 mm_session_pty_cleanup2(Session *s) 519 { 520 Buffer m; 521 522 if (s->ttyfd == -1) 523 return; 524 buffer_init(&m); 525 buffer_put_cstring(&m, s->tty); 526 mm_request_send(pmonitor->m_recvfd, MONITOR_REQ_PTYCLEANUP, &m); 527 buffer_free(&m); 528 529 /* closed dup'ed master */ 530 if (s->ptymaster != -1 && close(s->ptymaster) < 0) 531 error("close(s->ptymaster/%d): %s", 532 s->ptymaster, strerror(errno)); 533 534 /* unlink pty from session */ 535 s->ttyfd = -1; 536 } 537 538 /* Request process termination */ 539 540 void 541 mm_terminate(void) 542 { 543 Buffer m; 544 545 buffer_init(&m); 546 mm_request_send(pmonitor->m_recvfd, MONITOR_REQ_TERM, &m); 547 buffer_free(&m); 548 } 549 550 static void 551 mm_chall_setup(char **name, char **infotxt, u_int *numprompts, 552 char ***prompts, u_int **echo_on) 553 { 554 *name = xstrdup(""); 555 *infotxt = xstrdup(""); 556 *numprompts = 1; 557 *prompts = xcalloc(*numprompts, sizeof(char *)); 558 *echo_on = xcalloc(*numprompts, sizeof(u_int)); 559 (*echo_on)[0] = 0; 560 } 561 562 int 563 mm_bsdauth_query(void *ctx, char **name, char **infotxt, 564 u_int *numprompts, char ***prompts, u_int **echo_on) 565 { 566 Buffer m; 567 u_int success; 568 char *challenge; 569 570 debug3("%s: entering", __func__); 571 572 buffer_init(&m); 573 mm_request_send(pmonitor->m_recvfd, MONITOR_REQ_BSDAUTHQUERY, &m); 574 575 mm_request_receive_expect(pmonitor->m_recvfd, MONITOR_ANS_BSDAUTHQUERY, 576 &m); 577 success = buffer_get_int(&m); 578 if (success == 0) { 579 debug3("%s: no challenge", __func__); 580 buffer_free(&m); 581 return (-1); 582 } 583 584 /* Get the challenge, and format the response */ 585 challenge = buffer_get_string(&m, NULL); 586 buffer_free(&m); 587 588 mm_chall_setup(name, infotxt, numprompts, prompts, echo_on); 589 (*prompts)[0] = challenge; 590 591 debug3("%s: received challenge: %s", __func__, challenge); 592 593 return (0); 594 } 595 596 int 597 mm_bsdauth_respond(void *ctx, u_int numresponses, char **responses) 598 { 599 Buffer m; 600 int authok; 601 602 debug3("%s: entering", __func__); 603 if (numresponses != 1) 604 return (-1); 605 606 buffer_init(&m); 607 buffer_put_cstring(&m, responses[0]); 608 mm_request_send(pmonitor->m_recvfd, MONITOR_REQ_BSDAUTHRESPOND, &m); 609 610 mm_request_receive_expect(pmonitor->m_recvfd, 611 MONITOR_ANS_BSDAUTHRESPOND, &m); 612 613 authok = buffer_get_int(&m); 614 buffer_free(&m); 615 616 return ((authok == 0) ? -1 : 0); 617 } 618 619 #ifdef GSSAPI 620 OM_uint32 621 mm_ssh_gssapi_server_ctx(Gssctxt **ctx, gss_OID goid) 622 { 623 Buffer m; 624 OM_uint32 major; 625 626 /* Client doesn't get to see the context */ 627 *ctx = NULL; 628 629 buffer_init(&m); 630 buffer_put_string(&m, goid->elements, goid->length); 631 632 mm_request_send(pmonitor->m_recvfd, MONITOR_REQ_GSSSETUP, &m); 633 mm_request_receive_expect(pmonitor->m_recvfd, MONITOR_ANS_GSSSETUP, &m); 634 635 major = buffer_get_int(&m); 636 637 buffer_free(&m); 638 return (major); 639 } 640 641 OM_uint32 642 mm_ssh_gssapi_accept_ctx(Gssctxt *ctx, gss_buffer_desc *in, 643 gss_buffer_desc *out, OM_uint32 *flags) 644 { 645 Buffer m; 646 OM_uint32 major; 647 u_int len; 648 649 buffer_init(&m); 650 buffer_put_string(&m, in->value, in->length); 651 652 mm_request_send(pmonitor->m_recvfd, MONITOR_REQ_GSSSTEP, &m); 653 mm_request_receive_expect(pmonitor->m_recvfd, MONITOR_ANS_GSSSTEP, &m); 654 655 major = buffer_get_int(&m); 656 out->value = buffer_get_string(&m, &len); 657 out->length = len; 658 if (flags) 659 *flags = buffer_get_int(&m); 660 661 buffer_free(&m); 662 663 return (major); 664 } 665 666 OM_uint32 667 mm_ssh_gssapi_checkmic(Gssctxt *ctx, gss_buffer_t gssbuf, gss_buffer_t gssmic) 668 { 669 Buffer m; 670 OM_uint32 major; 671 672 buffer_init(&m); 673 buffer_put_string(&m, gssbuf->value, gssbuf->length); 674 buffer_put_string(&m, gssmic->value, gssmic->length); 675 676 mm_request_send(pmonitor->m_recvfd, MONITOR_REQ_GSSCHECKMIC, &m); 677 mm_request_receive_expect(pmonitor->m_recvfd, MONITOR_ANS_GSSCHECKMIC, 678 &m); 679 680 major = buffer_get_int(&m); 681 buffer_free(&m); 682 return(major); 683 } 684 685 int 686 mm_ssh_gssapi_userok(char *user) 687 { 688 Buffer m; 689 int authenticated = 0; 690 691 buffer_init(&m); 692 693 mm_request_send(pmonitor->m_recvfd, MONITOR_REQ_GSSUSEROK, &m); 694 mm_request_receive_expect(pmonitor->m_recvfd, MONITOR_ANS_GSSUSEROK, 695 &m); 696 697 authenticated = buffer_get_int(&m); 698 699 buffer_free(&m); 700 debug3("%s: user %sauthenticated",__func__, authenticated ? "" : "not "); 701 return (authenticated); 702 } 703 #endif /* GSSAPI */ 704 705