xref: /qemu/hw/i386/pc.c (revision efc4ad6f)
1 /*
2  * QEMU PC System Emulator
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2003-2004 Fabrice Bellard
5  *
6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
12  *
13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
15  *
16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
22  * THE SOFTWARE.
23  */
24 
25 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
26 #include "qemu/units.h"
27 #include "hw/i386/pc.h"
28 #include "hw/char/serial.h"
29 #include "hw/char/parallel.h"
30 #include "hw/hyperv/hv-balloon.h"
31 #include "hw/i386/fw_cfg.h"
32 #include "hw/i386/vmport.h"
33 #include "sysemu/cpus.h"
34 #include "hw/ide/ide-bus.h"
35 #include "hw/timer/hpet.h"
36 #include "hw/loader.h"
37 #include "hw/rtc/mc146818rtc.h"
38 #include "hw/intc/i8259.h"
39 #include "hw/timer/i8254.h"
40 #include "hw/input/i8042.h"
41 #include "hw/audio/pcspk.h"
42 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
43 #include "sysemu/xen.h"
44 #include "sysemu/reset.h"
45 #include "kvm/kvm_i386.h"
46 #include "hw/xen/xen.h"
47 #include "qapi/qmp/qlist.h"
48 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
49 #include "hw/acpi/cpu_hotplug.h"
50 #include "acpi-build.h"
51 #include "hw/mem/nvdimm.h"
52 #include "hw/cxl/cxl_host.h"
53 #include "hw/usb.h"
54 #include "hw/i386/intel_iommu.h"
55 #include "hw/net/ne2000-isa.h"
56 #include "hw/virtio/virtio-iommu.h"
57 #include "hw/virtio/virtio-md-pci.h"
58 #include "hw/i386/kvm/xen_overlay.h"
59 #include "hw/i386/kvm/xen_evtchn.h"
60 #include "hw/i386/kvm/xen_gnttab.h"
61 #include "hw/i386/kvm/xen_xenstore.h"
62 #include "hw/mem/memory-device.h"
63 #include "e820_memory_layout.h"
64 #include "trace.h"
65 #include "sev.h"
66 #include CONFIG_DEVICES
67 
68 #ifdef CONFIG_XEN_EMU
69 #include "hw/xen/xen-legacy-backend.h"
70 #include "hw/xen/xen-bus.h"
71 #endif
72 
73 /*
74  * Helper for setting model-id for CPU models that changed model-id
75  * depending on QEMU versions up to QEMU 2.4.
76  */
77 #define PC_CPU_MODEL_IDS(v) \
78     { "qemu32-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "model-id", "QEMU Virtual CPU version " v, },\
79     { "qemu64-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "model-id", "QEMU Virtual CPU version " v, },\
80     { "athlon-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "model-id", "QEMU Virtual CPU version " v, },
81 
82 GlobalProperty pc_compat_9_0[] = {
83     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "x-l1-cache-per-thread", "false" },
84     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "guest-phys-bits", "0" },
85     { "sev-guest", "legacy-vm-type", "true" },
86     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "legacy-multi-node", "on" },
87 };
88 const size_t pc_compat_9_0_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_9_0);
89 
90 GlobalProperty pc_compat_8_2[] = {};
91 const size_t pc_compat_8_2_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_8_2);
92 
93 GlobalProperty pc_compat_8_1[] = {};
94 const size_t pc_compat_8_1_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_8_1);
95 
96 GlobalProperty pc_compat_8_0[] = {
97     { "virtio-mem", "unplugged-inaccessible", "auto" },
98 };
99 const size_t pc_compat_8_0_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_8_0);
100 
101 GlobalProperty pc_compat_7_2[] = {
102     { "ICH9-LPC", "noreboot", "true" },
103 };
104 const size_t pc_compat_7_2_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_7_2);
105 
106 GlobalProperty pc_compat_7_1[] = {};
107 const size_t pc_compat_7_1_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_7_1);
108 
109 GlobalProperty pc_compat_7_0[] = {};
110 const size_t pc_compat_7_0_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_7_0);
111 
112 GlobalProperty pc_compat_6_2[] = {
113     { "virtio-mem", "unplugged-inaccessible", "off" },
114 };
115 const size_t pc_compat_6_2_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_6_2);
116 
117 GlobalProperty pc_compat_6_1[] = {
118     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "hv-version-id-build", "0x1bbc" },
119     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "hv-version-id-major", "0x0006" },
120     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "hv-version-id-minor", "0x0001" },
121     { "ICH9-LPC", "x-keep-pci-slot-hpc", "false" },
122 };
123 const size_t pc_compat_6_1_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_6_1);
124 
125 GlobalProperty pc_compat_6_0[] = {
126     { "qemu64" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "family", "6" },
127     { "qemu64" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "model", "6" },
128     { "qemu64" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "stepping", "3" },
129     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "x-vendor-cpuid-only", "off" },
130     { "ICH9-LPC", ACPI_PM_PROP_ACPI_PCIHP_BRIDGE, "off" },
131     { "ICH9-LPC", "x-keep-pci-slot-hpc", "true" },
132 };
133 const size_t pc_compat_6_0_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_6_0);
134 
135 GlobalProperty pc_compat_5_2[] = {
136     { "ICH9-LPC", "x-smi-cpu-hotunplug", "off" },
137 };
138 const size_t pc_compat_5_2_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_5_2);
139 
140 GlobalProperty pc_compat_5_1[] = {
141     { "ICH9-LPC", "x-smi-cpu-hotplug", "off" },
142     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "kvm-msi-ext-dest-id", "off" },
143 };
144 const size_t pc_compat_5_1_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_5_1);
145 
146 GlobalProperty pc_compat_5_0[] = {
147 };
148 const size_t pc_compat_5_0_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_5_0);
149 
150 GlobalProperty pc_compat_4_2[] = {
151     { "mch", "smbase-smram", "off" },
152 };
153 const size_t pc_compat_4_2_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_4_2);
154 
155 GlobalProperty pc_compat_4_1[] = {};
156 const size_t pc_compat_4_1_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_4_1);
157 
158 GlobalProperty pc_compat_4_0[] = {};
159 const size_t pc_compat_4_0_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_4_0);
160 
161 GlobalProperty pc_compat_3_1[] = {
162     { "intel-iommu", "dma-drain", "off" },
163     { "Opteron_G3" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "rdtscp", "off" },
164     { "Opteron_G4" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "rdtscp", "off" },
165     { "Opteron_G4" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "npt", "off" },
166     { "Opteron_G4" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "nrip-save", "off" },
167     { "Opteron_G5" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "rdtscp", "off" },
168     { "Opteron_G5" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "npt", "off" },
169     { "Opteron_G5" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "nrip-save", "off" },
170     { "EPYC" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "npt", "off" },
171     { "EPYC" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "nrip-save", "off" },
172     { "EPYC-IBPB" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "npt", "off" },
173     { "EPYC-IBPB" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "nrip-save", "off" },
174     { "Skylake-Client" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU,      "mpx", "on" },
175     { "Skylake-Client-IBRS" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "mpx", "on" },
176     { "Skylake-Server" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU,      "mpx", "on" },
177     { "Skylake-Server-IBRS" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "mpx", "on" },
178     { "Cascadelake-Server" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU,  "mpx", "on" },
179     { "Icelake-Client" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU,      "mpx", "on" },
180     { "Icelake-Server" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU,      "mpx", "on" },
181     { "Cascadelake-Server" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "stepping", "5" },
182     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "x-intel-pt-auto-level", "off" },
183 };
184 const size_t pc_compat_3_1_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_3_1);
185 
186 GlobalProperty pc_compat_3_0[] = {
187     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "x-hv-synic-kvm-only", "on" },
188     { "Skylake-Server" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "pku", "off" },
189     { "Skylake-Server-IBRS" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "pku", "off" },
190 };
191 const size_t pc_compat_3_0_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_3_0);
192 
193 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_12[] = {
194     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "legacy-cache", "on" },
195     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "topoext", "off" },
196     { "EPYC-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
197     { "EPYC-IBPB-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
198 };
199 const size_t pc_compat_2_12_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_12);
200 
201 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_11[] = {
202     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "x-migrate-smi-count", "off" },
203     { "Skylake-Server" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "clflushopt", "off" },
204 };
205 const size_t pc_compat_2_11_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_11);
206 
207 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_10[] = {
208     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "x-hv-max-vps", "0x40" },
209     { "i440FX-pcihost", "x-pci-hole64-fix", "off" },
210     { "q35-pcihost", "x-pci-hole64-fix", "off" },
211 };
212 const size_t pc_compat_2_10_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_10);
213 
214 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_9[] = {
215     { "mch", "extended-tseg-mbytes", "0" },
216 };
217 const size_t pc_compat_2_9_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_9);
218 
219 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_8[] = {
220     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "tcg-cpuid", "off" },
221     { "kvmclock", "x-mach-use-reliable-get-clock", "off" },
222     { "ICH9-LPC", "x-smi-broadcast", "off" },
223     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "vmware-cpuid-freq", "off" },
224     { "Haswell-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "stepping", "1" },
225 };
226 const size_t pc_compat_2_8_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_8);
227 
228 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_7[] = {
229     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "l3-cache", "off" },
230     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "full-cpuid-auto-level", "off" },
231     { "Opteron_G3" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "family", "15" },
232     { "Opteron_G3" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "model", "6" },
233     { "Opteron_G3" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "stepping", "1" },
234     { "isa-pcspk", "migrate", "off" },
235 };
236 const size_t pc_compat_2_7_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_7);
237 
238 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_6[] = {
239     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "cpuid-0xb", "off" },
240     { "vmxnet3", "romfile", "" },
241     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "fill-mtrr-mask", "off" },
242     { "apic-common", "legacy-instance-id", "on", }
243 };
244 const size_t pc_compat_2_6_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_6);
245 
246 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_5[] = {};
247 const size_t pc_compat_2_5_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_5);
248 
249 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_4[] = {
250     PC_CPU_MODEL_IDS("2.4.0")
251     { "Haswell-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "abm", "off" },
252     { "Haswell-noTSX-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "abm", "off" },
253     { "Broadwell-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "abm", "off" },
254     { "Broadwell-noTSX-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "abm", "off" },
255     { "host" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "host-cache-info", "on" },
256     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "check", "off" },
257     { "qemu64" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "sse4a", "on" },
258     { "qemu64" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "abm", "on" },
259     { "qemu64" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "popcnt", "on" },
260     { "qemu32" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "popcnt", "on" },
261     { "Opteron_G2" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "rdtscp", "on" },
262     { "Opteron_G3" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "rdtscp", "on" },
263     { "Opteron_G4" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "rdtscp", "on" },
264     { "Opteron_G5" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "rdtscp", "on", }
265 };
266 const size_t pc_compat_2_4_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_4);
267 
268 /*
269  * @PC_FW_DATA:
270  * Size of the chunk of memory at the top of RAM for the BIOS ACPI tables
271  * and other BIOS datastructures.
272  *
273  * BIOS ACPI tables: 128K. Other BIOS datastructures: less than 4K
274  * reported to be used at the moment, 32K should be enough for a while.
275  */
276 #define PC_FW_DATA (0x20000 + 0x8000)
277 
278 GSIState *pc_gsi_create(qemu_irq **irqs, bool pci_enabled)
279 {
280     GSIState *s;
281 
282     s = g_new0(GSIState, 1);
283     if (kvm_ioapic_in_kernel()) {
284         kvm_pc_setup_irq_routing(pci_enabled);
285     }
286     *irqs = qemu_allocate_irqs(gsi_handler, s, IOAPIC_NUM_PINS);
287 
288     return s;
289 }
290 
291 static void ioport80_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, uint64_t data,
292                            unsigned size)
293 {
294 }
295 
296 static uint64_t ioport80_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
297 {
298     return 0xffffffffffffffffULL;
299 }
300 
301 /* MS-DOS compatibility mode FPU exception support */
302 static void ioportF0_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, uint64_t data,
303                            unsigned size)
304 {
305     if (tcg_enabled()) {
306         cpu_set_ignne();
307     }
308 }
309 
310 static uint64_t ioportF0_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
311 {
312     return 0xffffffffffffffffULL;
313 }
314 
315 /* PC cmos mappings */
316 
317 #define REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE          0x14
318 
319 static void cmos_init_hd(MC146818RtcState *s, int type_ofs, int info_ofs,
320                          int16_t cylinders, int8_t heads, int8_t sectors)
321 {
322     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, type_ofs, 47);
323     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs, cylinders);
324     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs + 1, cylinders >> 8);
325     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs + 2, heads);
326     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs + 3, 0xff);
327     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs + 4, 0xff);
328     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs + 5, 0xc0 | ((heads > 8) << 3));
329     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs + 6, cylinders);
330     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs + 7, cylinders >> 8);
331     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs + 8, sectors);
332 }
333 
334 /* convert boot_device letter to something recognizable by the bios */
335 static int boot_device2nibble(char boot_device)
336 {
337     switch(boot_device) {
338     case 'a':
339     case 'b':
340         return 0x01; /* floppy boot */
341     case 'c':
342         return 0x02; /* hard drive boot */
343     case 'd':
344         return 0x03; /* CD-ROM boot */
345     case 'n':
346         return 0x04; /* Network boot */
347     }
348     return 0;
349 }
350 
351 static void set_boot_dev(PCMachineState *pcms, MC146818RtcState *s,
352                          const char *boot_device, Error **errp)
353 {
354 #define PC_MAX_BOOT_DEVICES 3
355     int nbds, bds[3] = { 0, };
356     int i;
357 
358     nbds = strlen(boot_device);
359     if (nbds > PC_MAX_BOOT_DEVICES) {
360         error_setg(errp, "Too many boot devices for PC");
361         return;
362     }
363     for (i = 0; i < nbds; i++) {
364         bds[i] = boot_device2nibble(boot_device[i]);
365         if (bds[i] == 0) {
366             error_setg(errp, "Invalid boot device for PC: '%c'",
367                        boot_device[i]);
368             return;
369         }
370     }
371     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x3d, (bds[1] << 4) | bds[0]);
372     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x38, (bds[2] << 4) | !pcms->fd_bootchk);
373 }
374 
375 static void pc_boot_set(void *opaque, const char *boot_device, Error **errp)
376 {
377     PCMachineState *pcms = opaque;
378     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(pcms);
379 
380     set_boot_dev(pcms, MC146818_RTC(x86ms->rtc), boot_device, errp);
381 }
382 
383 static void pc_cmos_init_floppy(MC146818RtcState *rtc_state, ISADevice *floppy)
384 {
385     int val, nb;
386     FloppyDriveType fd_type[2] = { FLOPPY_DRIVE_TYPE_NONE,
387                                    FLOPPY_DRIVE_TYPE_NONE };
388 
389 #ifdef CONFIG_FDC_ISA
390     /* floppy type */
391     if (floppy) {
392         for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
393             fd_type[i] = isa_fdc_get_drive_type(floppy, i);
394         }
395     }
396 #endif
397 
398     val = (cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd_type[0]) << 4) |
399         cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd_type[1]);
400     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(rtc_state, 0x10, val);
401 
402     val = mc146818rtc_get_cmos_data(rtc_state, REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE);
403     nb = 0;
404     if (fd_type[0] != FLOPPY_DRIVE_TYPE_NONE) {
405         nb++;
406     }
407     if (fd_type[1] != FLOPPY_DRIVE_TYPE_NONE) {
408         nb++;
409     }
410     switch (nb) {
411     case 0:
412         break;
413     case 1:
414         val |= 0x01; /* 1 drive, ready for boot */
415         break;
416     case 2:
417         val |= 0x41; /* 2 drives, ready for boot */
418         break;
419     }
420     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(rtc_state, REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE, val);
421 }
422 
423 typedef struct check_fdc_state {
424     ISADevice *floppy;
425     bool multiple;
426 } CheckFdcState;
427 
428 static int check_fdc(Object *obj, void *opaque)
429 {
430     CheckFdcState *state = opaque;
431     Object *fdc;
432     uint32_t iobase;
433     Error *local_err = NULL;
434 
435     fdc = object_dynamic_cast(obj, TYPE_ISA_FDC);
436     if (!fdc) {
437         return 0;
438     }
439 
440     iobase = object_property_get_uint(obj, "iobase", &local_err);
441     if (local_err || iobase != 0x3f0) {
442         error_free(local_err);
443         return 0;
444     }
445 
446     if (state->floppy) {
447         state->multiple = true;
448     } else {
449         state->floppy = ISA_DEVICE(obj);
450     }
451     return 0;
452 }
453 
454 static const char * const fdc_container_path[] = {
455     "/unattached", "/peripheral", "/peripheral-anon"
456 };
457 
458 /*
459  * Locate the FDC at IO address 0x3f0, in order to configure the CMOS registers
460  * and ACPI objects.
461  */
462 static ISADevice *pc_find_fdc0(void)
463 {
464     int i;
465     Object *container;
466     CheckFdcState state = { 0 };
467 
468     for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(fdc_container_path); i++) {
469         container = container_get(qdev_get_machine(), fdc_container_path[i]);
470         object_child_foreach(container, check_fdc, &state);
471     }
472 
473     if (state.multiple) {
474         warn_report("multiple floppy disk controllers with "
475                     "iobase=0x3f0 have been found");
476         error_printf("the one being picked for CMOS setup might not reflect "
477                      "your intent");
478     }
479 
480     return state.floppy;
481 }
482 
483 static void pc_cmos_init_late(PCMachineState *pcms)
484 {
485     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(pcms);
486     MC146818RtcState *s = MC146818_RTC(x86ms->rtc);
487     int16_t cylinders;
488     int8_t heads, sectors;
489     int val;
490     int i, trans;
491 
492     val = 0;
493     if (pcms->idebus[0] &&
494         ide_get_geometry(pcms->idebus[0], 0,
495                          &cylinders, &heads, &sectors) >= 0) {
496         cmos_init_hd(s, 0x19, 0x1b, cylinders, heads, sectors);
497         val |= 0xf0;
498     }
499     if (pcms->idebus[0] &&
500         ide_get_geometry(pcms->idebus[0], 1,
501                          &cylinders, &heads, &sectors) >= 0) {
502         cmos_init_hd(s, 0x1a, 0x24, cylinders, heads, sectors);
503         val |= 0x0f;
504     }
505     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x12, val);
506 
507     val = 0;
508     for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
509         /* NOTE: ide_get_geometry() returns the physical
510            geometry.  It is always such that: 1 <= sects <= 63, 1
511            <= heads <= 16, 1 <= cylinders <= 16383. The BIOS
512            geometry can be different if a translation is done. */
513         BusState *idebus = pcms->idebus[i / 2];
514         if (idebus &&
515             ide_get_geometry(idebus, i % 2,
516                              &cylinders, &heads, &sectors) >= 0) {
517             trans = ide_get_bios_chs_trans(idebus, i % 2) - 1;
518             assert((trans & ~3) == 0);
519             val |= trans << (i * 2);
520         }
521     }
522     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x39, val);
523 
524     pc_cmos_init_floppy(s, pc_find_fdc0());
525 
526     /* various important CMOS locations needed by PC/Bochs bios */
527 
528     /* memory size */
529     /* base memory (first MiB) */
530     val = MIN(x86ms->below_4g_mem_size / KiB, 640);
531     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x15, val);
532     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x16, val >> 8);
533     /* extended memory (next 64MiB) */
534     if (x86ms->below_4g_mem_size > 1 * MiB) {
535         val = (x86ms->below_4g_mem_size - 1 * MiB) / KiB;
536     } else {
537         val = 0;
538     }
539     if (val > 65535)
540         val = 65535;
541     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x17, val);
542     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x18, val >> 8);
543     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x30, val);
544     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x31, val >> 8);
545     /* memory between 16MiB and 4GiB */
546     if (x86ms->below_4g_mem_size > 16 * MiB) {
547         val = (x86ms->below_4g_mem_size - 16 * MiB) / (64 * KiB);
548     } else {
549         val = 0;
550     }
551     if (val > 65535)
552         val = 65535;
553     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x34, val);
554     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x35, val >> 8);
555     /* memory above 4GiB */
556     val = x86ms->above_4g_mem_size / 65536;
557     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x5b, val);
558     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x5c, val >> 8);
559     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x5d, val >> 16);
560 
561     val = 0;
562     val |= 0x02; /* FPU is there */
563     val |= 0x04; /* PS/2 mouse installed */
564     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE, val);
565 }
566 
567 static void handle_a20_line_change(void *opaque, int irq, int level)
568 {
569     X86CPU *cpu = opaque;
570 
571     /* XXX: send to all CPUs ? */
572     /* XXX: add logic to handle multiple A20 line sources */
573     x86_cpu_set_a20(cpu, level);
574 }
575 
576 #define NE2000_NB_MAX 6
577 
578 static const int ne2000_io[NE2000_NB_MAX] = { 0x300, 0x320, 0x340, 0x360,
579                                               0x280, 0x380 };
580 static const int ne2000_irq[NE2000_NB_MAX] = { 9, 10, 11, 3, 4, 5 };
581 
582 static gboolean pc_init_ne2k_isa(ISABus *bus, NICInfo *nd, Error **errp)
583 {
584     static int nb_ne2k = 0;
585 
586     if (nb_ne2k == NE2000_NB_MAX) {
587         error_setg(errp,
588                    "maximum number of ISA NE2000 devices exceeded");
589         return false;
590     }
591     isa_ne2000_init(bus, ne2000_io[nb_ne2k],
592                     ne2000_irq[nb_ne2k], nd);
593     nb_ne2k++;
594     return true;
595 }
596 
597 void pc_acpi_smi_interrupt(void *opaque, int irq, int level)
598 {
599     X86CPU *cpu = opaque;
600 
601     if (level) {
602         cpu_interrupt(CPU(cpu), CPU_INTERRUPT_SMI);
603     }
604 }
605 
606 static
607 void pc_machine_done(Notifier *notifier, void *data)
608 {
609     PCMachineState *pcms = container_of(notifier,
610                                         PCMachineState, machine_done);
611     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(pcms);
612 
613     cxl_hook_up_pxb_registers(pcms->pcibus, &pcms->cxl_devices_state,
614                               &error_fatal);
615 
616     if (pcms->cxl_devices_state.is_enabled) {
617         cxl_fmws_link_targets(&pcms->cxl_devices_state, &error_fatal);
618     }
619 
620     /* set the number of CPUs */
621     x86_rtc_set_cpus_count(x86ms->rtc, x86ms->boot_cpus);
622 
623     fw_cfg_add_extra_pci_roots(pcms->pcibus, x86ms->fw_cfg);
624 
625     acpi_setup();
626     if (x86ms->fw_cfg) {
627         fw_cfg_build_smbios(pcms, x86ms->fw_cfg, pcms->smbios_entry_point_type);
628         fw_cfg_add_e820(x86ms->fw_cfg);
629         fw_cfg_build_feature_control(MACHINE(pcms), x86ms->fw_cfg);
630         /* update FW_CFG_NB_CPUS to account for -device added CPUs */
631         fw_cfg_modify_i16(x86ms->fw_cfg, FW_CFG_NB_CPUS, x86ms->boot_cpus);
632     }
633 
634     pc_cmos_init_late(pcms);
635 }
636 
637 /* setup pci memory address space mapping into system address space */
638 void pc_pci_as_mapping_init(MemoryRegion *system_memory,
639                             MemoryRegion *pci_address_space)
640 {
641     /* Set to lower priority than RAM */
642     memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(system_memory, 0x0,
643                                         pci_address_space, -1);
644 }
645 
646 void xen_load_linux(PCMachineState *pcms)
647 {
648     int i;
649     FWCfgState *fw_cfg;
650     PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(pcms);
651     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(pcms);
652 
653     assert(MACHINE(pcms)->kernel_filename != NULL);
654 
655     fw_cfg = fw_cfg_init_io_dma(FW_CFG_IO_BASE, FW_CFG_IO_BASE + 4,
656                                 &address_space_memory);
657     fw_cfg_add_i16(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_NB_CPUS, x86ms->boot_cpus);
658     rom_set_fw(fw_cfg);
659 
660     x86_load_linux(x86ms, fw_cfg, PC_FW_DATA, pcmc->pvh_enabled);
661     for (i = 0; i < nb_option_roms; i++) {
662         assert(!strcmp(option_rom[i].name, "linuxboot.bin") ||
663                !strcmp(option_rom[i].name, "linuxboot_dma.bin") ||
664                !strcmp(option_rom[i].name, "pvh.bin") ||
665                !strcmp(option_rom[i].name, "multiboot.bin") ||
666                !strcmp(option_rom[i].name, "multiboot_dma.bin"));
667         rom_add_option(option_rom[i].name, option_rom[i].bootindex);
668     }
669     x86ms->fw_cfg = fw_cfg;
670 }
671 
672 #define PC_ROM_MIN_VGA     0xc0000
673 #define PC_ROM_MIN_OPTION  0xc8000
674 #define PC_ROM_MAX         0xe0000
675 #define PC_ROM_ALIGN       0x800
676 #define PC_ROM_SIZE        (PC_ROM_MAX - PC_ROM_MIN_VGA)
677 
678 static hwaddr pc_above_4g_end(PCMachineState *pcms)
679 {
680     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(pcms);
681 
682     if (pcms->sgx_epc.size != 0) {
683         return sgx_epc_above_4g_end(&pcms->sgx_epc);
684     }
685 
686     return x86ms->above_4g_mem_start + x86ms->above_4g_mem_size;
687 }
688 
689 static void pc_get_device_memory_range(PCMachineState *pcms,
690                                        hwaddr *base,
691                                        ram_addr_t *device_mem_size)
692 {
693     MachineState *machine = MACHINE(pcms);
694     ram_addr_t size;
695     hwaddr addr;
696 
697     size = machine->maxram_size - machine->ram_size;
698     addr = ROUND_UP(pc_above_4g_end(pcms), 1 * GiB);
699 
700     /* size device region assuming 1G page max alignment per slot */
701     size += (1 * GiB) * machine->ram_slots;
702 
703     *base = addr;
704     *device_mem_size = size;
705 }
706 
707 static uint64_t pc_get_cxl_range_start(PCMachineState *pcms)
708 {
709     PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(pcms);
710     MachineState *ms = MACHINE(pcms);
711     hwaddr cxl_base;
712     ram_addr_t size;
713 
714     if (pcmc->has_reserved_memory &&
715         (ms->ram_size < ms->maxram_size)) {
716         pc_get_device_memory_range(pcms, &cxl_base, &size);
717         cxl_base += size;
718     } else {
719         cxl_base = pc_above_4g_end(pcms);
720     }
721 
722     return cxl_base;
723 }
724 
725 static uint64_t pc_get_cxl_range_end(PCMachineState *pcms)
726 {
727     uint64_t start = pc_get_cxl_range_start(pcms) + MiB;
728 
729     if (pcms->cxl_devices_state.fixed_windows) {
730         GList *it;
731 
732         start = ROUND_UP(start, 256 * MiB);
733         for (it = pcms->cxl_devices_state.fixed_windows; it; it = it->next) {
734             CXLFixedWindow *fw = it->data;
735             start += fw->size;
736         }
737     }
738 
739     return start;
740 }
741 
742 static hwaddr pc_max_used_gpa(PCMachineState *pcms, uint64_t pci_hole64_size)
743 {
744     X86CPU *cpu = X86_CPU(first_cpu);
745     PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(pcms);
746     MachineState *ms = MACHINE(pcms);
747 
748     if (cpu->env.features[FEAT_8000_0001_EDX] & CPUID_EXT2_LM) {
749         /* 64-bit systems */
750         return pc_pci_hole64_start() + pci_hole64_size - 1;
751     }
752 
753     /* 32-bit systems */
754     if (pcmc->broken_32bit_mem_addr_check) {
755         /* old value for compatibility reasons */
756         return ((hwaddr)1 << cpu->phys_bits) - 1;
757     }
758 
759     /*
760      * 32-bit systems don't have hole64 but they might have a region for
761      * memory devices. Even if additional hotplugged memory devices might
762      * not be usable by most guest OSes, we need to still consider them for
763      * calculating the highest possible GPA so that we can properly report
764      * if someone configures them on a CPU that cannot possibly address them.
765      */
766     if (pcmc->has_reserved_memory &&
767         (ms->ram_size < ms->maxram_size)) {
768         hwaddr devmem_start;
769         ram_addr_t devmem_size;
770 
771         pc_get_device_memory_range(pcms, &devmem_start, &devmem_size);
772         devmem_start += devmem_size;
773         return devmem_start - 1;
774     }
775 
776     /* configuration without any memory hotplug */
777     return pc_above_4g_end(pcms) - 1;
778 }
779 
780 /*
781  * AMD systems with an IOMMU have an additional hole close to the
782  * 1Tb, which are special GPAs that cannot be DMA mapped. Depending
783  * on kernel version, VFIO may or may not let you DMA map those ranges.
784  * Starting Linux v5.4 we validate it, and can't create guests on AMD machines
785  * with certain memory sizes. It's also wrong to use those IOVA ranges
786  * in detriment of leading to IOMMU INVALID_DEVICE_REQUEST or worse.
787  * The ranges reserved for Hyper-Transport are:
788  *
789  * FD_0000_0000h - FF_FFFF_FFFFh
790  *
791  * The ranges represent the following:
792  *
793  * Base Address   Top Address  Use
794  *
795  * FD_0000_0000h FD_F7FF_FFFFh Reserved interrupt address space
796  * FD_F800_0000h FD_F8FF_FFFFh Interrupt/EOI IntCtl
797  * FD_F900_0000h FD_F90F_FFFFh Legacy PIC IACK
798  * FD_F910_0000h FD_F91F_FFFFh System Management
799  * FD_F920_0000h FD_FAFF_FFFFh Reserved Page Tables
800  * FD_FB00_0000h FD_FBFF_FFFFh Address Translation
801  * FD_FC00_0000h FD_FDFF_FFFFh I/O Space
802  * FD_FE00_0000h FD_FFFF_FFFFh Configuration
803  * FE_0000_0000h FE_1FFF_FFFFh Extended Configuration/Device Messages
804  * FE_2000_0000h FF_FFFF_FFFFh Reserved
805  *
806  * See AMD IOMMU spec, section 2.1.2 "IOMMU Logical Topology",
807  * Table 3: Special Address Controls (GPA) for more information.
808  */
809 #define AMD_HT_START         0xfd00000000UL
810 #define AMD_HT_END           0xffffffffffUL
811 #define AMD_ABOVE_1TB_START  (AMD_HT_END + 1)
812 #define AMD_HT_SIZE          (AMD_ABOVE_1TB_START - AMD_HT_START)
813 
814 void pc_memory_init(PCMachineState *pcms,
815                     MemoryRegion *system_memory,
816                     MemoryRegion *rom_memory,
817                     uint64_t pci_hole64_size)
818 {
819     int linux_boot, i;
820     MemoryRegion *option_rom_mr;
821     MemoryRegion *ram_below_4g, *ram_above_4g;
822     FWCfgState *fw_cfg;
823     MachineState *machine = MACHINE(pcms);
824     MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(machine);
825     PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(pcms);
826     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(pcms);
827     hwaddr maxphysaddr, maxusedaddr;
828     hwaddr cxl_base, cxl_resv_end = 0;
829     X86CPU *cpu = X86_CPU(first_cpu);
830 
831     assert(machine->ram_size == x86ms->below_4g_mem_size +
832                                 x86ms->above_4g_mem_size);
833 
834     linux_boot = (machine->kernel_filename != NULL);
835 
836     /*
837      * The HyperTransport range close to the 1T boundary is unique to AMD
838      * hosts with IOMMUs enabled. Restrict the ram-above-4g relocation
839      * to above 1T to AMD vCPUs only. @enforce_amd_1tb_hole is only false in
840      * older machine types (<= 7.0) for compatibility purposes.
841      */
842     if (IS_AMD_CPU(&cpu->env) && pcmc->enforce_amd_1tb_hole) {
843         /* Bail out if max possible address does not cross HT range */
844         if (pc_max_used_gpa(pcms, pci_hole64_size) >= AMD_HT_START) {
845             x86ms->above_4g_mem_start = AMD_ABOVE_1TB_START;
846         }
847 
848         /*
849          * Advertise the HT region if address space covers the reserved
850          * region or if we relocate.
851          */
852         if (cpu->phys_bits >= 40) {
853             e820_add_entry(AMD_HT_START, AMD_HT_SIZE, E820_RESERVED);
854         }
855     }
856 
857     /*
858      * phys-bits is required to be appropriately configured
859      * to make sure max used GPA is reachable.
860      */
861     maxusedaddr = pc_max_used_gpa(pcms, pci_hole64_size);
862     maxphysaddr = ((hwaddr)1 << cpu->phys_bits) - 1;
863     if (maxphysaddr < maxusedaddr) {
864         error_report("Address space limit 0x%"PRIx64" < 0x%"PRIx64
865                      " phys-bits too low (%u)",
866                      maxphysaddr, maxusedaddr, cpu->phys_bits);
867         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
868     }
869 
870     /*
871      * Split single memory region and use aliases to address portions of it,
872      * done for backwards compatibility with older qemus.
873      */
874     ram_below_4g = g_malloc(sizeof(*ram_below_4g));
875     memory_region_init_alias(ram_below_4g, NULL, "ram-below-4g", machine->ram,
876                              0, x86ms->below_4g_mem_size);
877     memory_region_add_subregion(system_memory, 0, ram_below_4g);
878     e820_add_entry(0, x86ms->below_4g_mem_size, E820_RAM);
879     if (x86ms->above_4g_mem_size > 0) {
880         ram_above_4g = g_malloc(sizeof(*ram_above_4g));
881         memory_region_init_alias(ram_above_4g, NULL, "ram-above-4g",
882                                  machine->ram,
883                                  x86ms->below_4g_mem_size,
884                                  x86ms->above_4g_mem_size);
885         memory_region_add_subregion(system_memory, x86ms->above_4g_mem_start,
886                                     ram_above_4g);
887         e820_add_entry(x86ms->above_4g_mem_start, x86ms->above_4g_mem_size,
888                        E820_RAM);
889     }
890 
891     if (pcms->sgx_epc.size != 0) {
892         e820_add_entry(pcms->sgx_epc.base, pcms->sgx_epc.size, E820_RESERVED);
893     }
894 
895     if (!pcmc->has_reserved_memory &&
896         (machine->ram_slots ||
897          (machine->maxram_size > machine->ram_size))) {
898 
899         error_report("\"-memory 'slots|maxmem'\" is not supported by: %s",
900                      mc->name);
901         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
902     }
903 
904     /* initialize device memory address space */
905     if (pcmc->has_reserved_memory &&
906         (machine->ram_size < machine->maxram_size)) {
907         ram_addr_t device_mem_size;
908         hwaddr device_mem_base;
909 
910         if (machine->ram_slots > ACPI_MAX_RAM_SLOTS) {
911             error_report("unsupported amount of memory slots: %"PRIu64,
912                          machine->ram_slots);
913             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
914         }
915 
916         if (QEMU_ALIGN_UP(machine->maxram_size,
917                           TARGET_PAGE_SIZE) != machine->maxram_size) {
918             error_report("maximum memory size must by aligned to multiple of "
919                          "%d bytes", TARGET_PAGE_SIZE);
920             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
921         }
922 
923         pc_get_device_memory_range(pcms, &device_mem_base, &device_mem_size);
924 
925         if (device_mem_base + device_mem_size < device_mem_size) {
926             error_report("unsupported amount of maximum memory: " RAM_ADDR_FMT,
927                          machine->maxram_size);
928             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
929         }
930         machine_memory_devices_init(machine, device_mem_base, device_mem_size);
931     }
932 
933     if (pcms->cxl_devices_state.is_enabled) {
934         MemoryRegion *mr = &pcms->cxl_devices_state.host_mr;
935         hwaddr cxl_size = MiB;
936 
937         cxl_base = pc_get_cxl_range_start(pcms);
938         memory_region_init(mr, OBJECT(machine), "cxl_host_reg", cxl_size);
939         memory_region_add_subregion(system_memory, cxl_base, mr);
940         cxl_resv_end = cxl_base + cxl_size;
941         if (pcms->cxl_devices_state.fixed_windows) {
942             hwaddr cxl_fmw_base;
943             GList *it;
944 
945             cxl_fmw_base = ROUND_UP(cxl_base + cxl_size, 256 * MiB);
946             for (it = pcms->cxl_devices_state.fixed_windows; it; it = it->next) {
947                 CXLFixedWindow *fw = it->data;
948 
949                 fw->base = cxl_fmw_base;
950                 memory_region_init_io(&fw->mr, OBJECT(machine), &cfmws_ops, fw,
951                                       "cxl-fixed-memory-region", fw->size);
952                 memory_region_add_subregion(system_memory, fw->base, &fw->mr);
953                 cxl_fmw_base += fw->size;
954                 cxl_resv_end = cxl_fmw_base;
955             }
956         }
957     }
958 
959     /* Initialize PC system firmware */
960     pc_system_firmware_init(pcms, rom_memory);
961 
962     option_rom_mr = g_malloc(sizeof(*option_rom_mr));
963     if (machine_require_guest_memfd(machine)) {
964         memory_region_init_ram_guest_memfd(option_rom_mr, NULL, "pc.rom",
965                                            PC_ROM_SIZE, &error_fatal);
966     } else {
967         memory_region_init_ram(option_rom_mr, NULL, "pc.rom", PC_ROM_SIZE,
968                                &error_fatal);
969         if (pcmc->pci_enabled) {
970             memory_region_set_readonly(option_rom_mr, true);
971         }
972     }
973     memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(rom_memory,
974                                         PC_ROM_MIN_VGA,
975                                         option_rom_mr,
976                                         1);
977 
978     fw_cfg = fw_cfg_arch_create(machine,
979                                 x86ms->boot_cpus, x86ms->apic_id_limit);
980 
981     rom_set_fw(fw_cfg);
982 
983     if (machine->device_memory) {
984         uint64_t *val = g_malloc(sizeof(*val));
985         uint64_t res_mem_end = machine->device_memory->base;
986 
987         if (!pcmc->broken_reserved_end) {
988             res_mem_end += memory_region_size(&machine->device_memory->mr);
989         }
990 
991         if (pcms->cxl_devices_state.is_enabled) {
992             res_mem_end = cxl_resv_end;
993         }
994         *val = cpu_to_le64(ROUND_UP(res_mem_end, 1 * GiB));
995         fw_cfg_add_file(fw_cfg, "etc/reserved-memory-end", val, sizeof(*val));
996     }
997 
998     if (linux_boot) {
999         x86_load_linux(x86ms, fw_cfg, PC_FW_DATA, pcmc->pvh_enabled);
1000     }
1001 
1002     for (i = 0; i < nb_option_roms; i++) {
1003         rom_add_option(option_rom[i].name, option_rom[i].bootindex);
1004     }
1005     x86ms->fw_cfg = fw_cfg;
1006 
1007     /* Init default IOAPIC address space */
1008     x86ms->ioapic_as = &address_space_memory;
1009 
1010     /* Init ACPI memory hotplug IO base address */
1011     pcms->memhp_io_base = ACPI_MEMORY_HOTPLUG_BASE;
1012 }
1013 
1014 /*
1015  * The 64bit pci hole starts after "above 4G RAM" and
1016  * potentially the space reserved for memory hotplug.
1017  */
1018 uint64_t pc_pci_hole64_start(void)
1019 {
1020     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(qdev_get_machine());
1021     PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(pcms);
1022     MachineState *ms = MACHINE(pcms);
1023     uint64_t hole64_start = 0;
1024     ram_addr_t size = 0;
1025 
1026     if (pcms->cxl_devices_state.is_enabled) {
1027         hole64_start = pc_get_cxl_range_end(pcms);
1028     } else if (pcmc->has_reserved_memory && (ms->ram_size < ms->maxram_size)) {
1029         pc_get_device_memory_range(pcms, &hole64_start, &size);
1030         if (!pcmc->broken_reserved_end) {
1031             hole64_start += size;
1032         }
1033     } else {
1034         hole64_start = pc_above_4g_end(pcms);
1035     }
1036 
1037     return ROUND_UP(hole64_start, 1 * GiB);
1038 }
1039 
1040 DeviceState *pc_vga_init(ISABus *isa_bus, PCIBus *pci_bus)
1041 {
1042     DeviceState *dev = NULL;
1043 
1044     rom_set_order_override(FW_CFG_ORDER_OVERRIDE_VGA);
1045     if (pci_bus) {
1046         PCIDevice *pcidev = pci_vga_init(pci_bus);
1047         dev = pcidev ? &pcidev->qdev : NULL;
1048     } else if (isa_bus) {
1049         ISADevice *isadev = isa_vga_init(isa_bus);
1050         dev = isadev ? DEVICE(isadev) : NULL;
1051     }
1052     rom_reset_order_override();
1053     return dev;
1054 }
1055 
1056 static const MemoryRegionOps ioport80_io_ops = {
1057     .write = ioport80_write,
1058     .read = ioport80_read,
1059     .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
1060     .impl = {
1061         .min_access_size = 1,
1062         .max_access_size = 1,
1063     },
1064 };
1065 
1066 static const MemoryRegionOps ioportF0_io_ops = {
1067     .write = ioportF0_write,
1068     .read = ioportF0_read,
1069     .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
1070     .impl = {
1071         .min_access_size = 1,
1072         .max_access_size = 1,
1073     },
1074 };
1075 
1076 static void pc_superio_init(ISABus *isa_bus, bool create_fdctrl,
1077                             bool create_i8042, bool no_vmport)
1078 {
1079     int i;
1080     DriveInfo *fd[MAX_FD];
1081     qemu_irq *a20_line;
1082     ISADevice *i8042, *port92, *vmmouse;
1083 
1084     serial_hds_isa_init(isa_bus, 0, MAX_ISA_SERIAL_PORTS);
1085     parallel_hds_isa_init(isa_bus, MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS);
1086 
1087     for (i = 0; i < MAX_FD; i++) {
1088         fd[i] = drive_get(IF_FLOPPY, 0, i);
1089         create_fdctrl |= !!fd[i];
1090     }
1091     if (create_fdctrl) {
1092 #ifdef CONFIG_FDC_ISA
1093         ISADevice *fdc = isa_new(TYPE_ISA_FDC);
1094         if (fdc) {
1095             isa_realize_and_unref(fdc, isa_bus, &error_fatal);
1096             isa_fdc_init_drives(fdc, fd);
1097         }
1098 #endif
1099     }
1100 
1101     if (!create_i8042) {
1102         return;
1103     }
1104 
1105     i8042 = isa_create_simple(isa_bus, TYPE_I8042);
1106     if (!no_vmport) {
1107         isa_create_simple(isa_bus, TYPE_VMPORT);
1108         vmmouse = isa_try_new("vmmouse");
1109     } else {
1110         vmmouse = NULL;
1111     }
1112     if (vmmouse) {
1113         object_property_set_link(OBJECT(vmmouse), TYPE_I8042, OBJECT(i8042),
1114                                  &error_abort);
1115         isa_realize_and_unref(vmmouse, isa_bus, &error_fatal);
1116     }
1117     port92 = isa_create_simple(isa_bus, TYPE_PORT92);
1118 
1119     a20_line = qemu_allocate_irqs(handle_a20_line_change, first_cpu, 2);
1120     qdev_connect_gpio_out_named(DEVICE(i8042),
1121                                 I8042_A20_LINE, 0, a20_line[0]);
1122     qdev_connect_gpio_out_named(DEVICE(port92),
1123                                 PORT92_A20_LINE, 0, a20_line[1]);
1124     g_free(a20_line);
1125 }
1126 
1127 void pc_basic_device_init(struct PCMachineState *pcms,
1128                           ISABus *isa_bus, qemu_irq *gsi,
1129                           ISADevice *rtc_state,
1130                           bool create_fdctrl,
1131                           uint32_t hpet_irqs)
1132 {
1133     int i;
1134     DeviceState *hpet = NULL;
1135     int pit_isa_irq = 0;
1136     qemu_irq pit_alt_irq = NULL;
1137     ISADevice *pit = NULL;
1138     MemoryRegion *ioport80_io = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
1139     MemoryRegion *ioportF0_io = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
1140     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(pcms);
1141 
1142     memory_region_init_io(ioport80_io, NULL, &ioport80_io_ops, NULL, "ioport80", 1);
1143     memory_region_add_subregion(isa_bus->address_space_io, 0x80, ioport80_io);
1144 
1145     memory_region_init_io(ioportF0_io, NULL, &ioportF0_io_ops, NULL, "ioportF0", 1);
1146     memory_region_add_subregion(isa_bus->address_space_io, 0xf0, ioportF0_io);
1147 
1148     /*
1149      * Check if an HPET shall be created.
1150      */
1151     if (pcms->hpet_enabled) {
1152         qemu_irq rtc_irq;
1153 
1154         hpet = qdev_try_new(TYPE_HPET);
1155         if (!hpet) {
1156             error_report("couldn't create HPET device");
1157             exit(1);
1158         }
1159         /*
1160          * For pc-piix-*, hpet's intcap is always IRQ2. For pc-q35-*,
1161          * use IRQ16~23, IRQ8 and IRQ2.  If the user has already set
1162          * the property, use whatever mask they specified.
1163          */
1164         uint8_t compat = object_property_get_uint(OBJECT(hpet),
1165                 HPET_INTCAP, NULL);
1166         if (!compat) {
1167             qdev_prop_set_uint32(hpet, HPET_INTCAP, hpet_irqs);
1168         }
1169         sysbus_realize_and_unref(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(hpet), &error_fatal);
1170         sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(hpet), 0, HPET_BASE);
1171 
1172         for (i = 0; i < IOAPIC_NUM_PINS; i++) {
1173             sysbus_connect_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(hpet), i, gsi[i]);
1174         }
1175         pit_isa_irq = -1;
1176         pit_alt_irq = qdev_get_gpio_in(hpet, HPET_LEGACY_PIT_INT);
1177         rtc_irq = qdev_get_gpio_in(hpet, HPET_LEGACY_RTC_INT);
1178 
1179         /* overwrite connection created by south bridge */
1180         qdev_connect_gpio_out(DEVICE(rtc_state), 0, rtc_irq);
1181     }
1182 
1183     object_property_add_alias(OBJECT(pcms), "rtc-time", OBJECT(rtc_state),
1184                               "date");
1185 
1186 #ifdef CONFIG_XEN_EMU
1187     if (xen_mode == XEN_EMULATE) {
1188         xen_overlay_create();
1189         xen_evtchn_create(IOAPIC_NUM_PINS, gsi);
1190         xen_gnttab_create();
1191         xen_xenstore_create();
1192         if (pcms->pcibus) {
1193             pci_create_simple(pcms->pcibus, -1, "xen-platform");
1194         }
1195         xen_bus_init();
1196     }
1197 #endif
1198 
1199     qemu_register_boot_set(pc_boot_set, pcms);
1200     set_boot_dev(pcms, MC146818_RTC(rtc_state),
1201                  MACHINE(pcms)->boot_config.order, &error_fatal);
1202 
1203     if (!xen_enabled() &&
1204         (x86ms->pit == ON_OFF_AUTO_AUTO || x86ms->pit == ON_OFF_AUTO_ON)) {
1205         if (kvm_pit_in_kernel()) {
1206             pit = kvm_pit_init(isa_bus, 0x40);
1207         } else {
1208             pit = i8254_pit_init(isa_bus, 0x40, pit_isa_irq, pit_alt_irq);
1209         }
1210         if (hpet) {
1211             /* connect PIT to output control line of the HPET */
1212             qdev_connect_gpio_out(hpet, 0, qdev_get_gpio_in(DEVICE(pit), 0));
1213         }
1214         object_property_set_link(OBJECT(pcms->pcspk), "pit",
1215                                  OBJECT(pit), &error_fatal);
1216         isa_realize_and_unref(pcms->pcspk, isa_bus, &error_fatal);
1217     }
1218 
1219     /* Super I/O */
1220     pc_superio_init(isa_bus, create_fdctrl, pcms->i8042_enabled,
1221                     pcms->vmport != ON_OFF_AUTO_ON);
1222 }
1223 
1224 void pc_nic_init(PCMachineClass *pcmc, ISABus *isa_bus, PCIBus *pci_bus)
1225 {
1226     MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_CLASS(pcmc);
1227     bool default_is_ne2k = g_str_equal(mc->default_nic, TYPE_ISA_NE2000);
1228     NICInfo *nd;
1229 
1230     rom_set_order_override(FW_CFG_ORDER_OVERRIDE_NIC);
1231 
1232     while ((nd = qemu_find_nic_info(TYPE_ISA_NE2000, default_is_ne2k, NULL))) {
1233         pc_init_ne2k_isa(isa_bus, nd, &error_fatal);
1234     }
1235 
1236     /* Anything remaining should be a PCI NIC */
1237     pci_init_nic_devices(pci_bus, mc->default_nic);
1238 
1239     rom_reset_order_override();
1240 }
1241 
1242 void pc_i8259_create(ISABus *isa_bus, qemu_irq *i8259_irqs)
1243 {
1244     qemu_irq *i8259;
1245 
1246     if (kvm_pic_in_kernel()) {
1247         i8259 = kvm_i8259_init(isa_bus);
1248     } else if (xen_enabled()) {
1249         i8259 = xen_interrupt_controller_init();
1250     } else {
1251         i8259 = i8259_init(isa_bus, x86_allocate_cpu_irq());
1252     }
1253 
1254     for (size_t i = 0; i < ISA_NUM_IRQS; i++) {
1255         i8259_irqs[i] = i8259[i];
1256     }
1257 
1258     g_free(i8259);
1259 }
1260 
1261 static void pc_memory_pre_plug(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev, DeviceState *dev,
1262                                Error **errp)
1263 {
1264     const X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1265     const MachineState *ms = MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1266     const bool is_nvdimm = object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_NVDIMM);
1267     Error *local_err = NULL;
1268 
1269     /*
1270      * When "acpi=off" is used with the Q35 machine type, no ACPI is built,
1271      * but pcms->acpi_dev is still created. Check !acpi_enabled in
1272      * addition to cover this case.
1273      */
1274     if (!x86ms->acpi_dev || !x86_machine_is_acpi_enabled(x86ms)) {
1275         error_setg(errp,
1276                    "memory hotplug is not enabled: missing acpi device or acpi disabled");
1277         return;
1278     }
1279 
1280     if (is_nvdimm && !ms->nvdimms_state->is_enabled) {
1281         error_setg(errp, "nvdimm is not enabled: missing 'nvdimm' in '-M'");
1282         return;
1283     }
1284 
1285     hotplug_handler_pre_plug(x86ms->acpi_dev, dev, &local_err);
1286     if (local_err) {
1287         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1288         return;
1289     }
1290 
1291     pc_dimm_pre_plug(PC_DIMM(dev), MACHINE(hotplug_dev), errp);
1292 }
1293 
1294 static void pc_memory_plug(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
1295                            DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1296 {
1297     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1298     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1299     MachineState *ms = MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1300     bool is_nvdimm = object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_NVDIMM);
1301 
1302     pc_dimm_plug(PC_DIMM(dev), MACHINE(pcms));
1303 
1304     if (is_nvdimm) {
1305         nvdimm_plug(ms->nvdimms_state);
1306     }
1307 
1308     hotplug_handler_plug(x86ms->acpi_dev, dev, &error_abort);
1309 }
1310 
1311 static void pc_memory_unplug_request(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
1312                                      DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1313 {
1314     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1315 
1316     /*
1317      * When "acpi=off" is used with the Q35 machine type, no ACPI is built,
1318      * but pcms->acpi_dev is still created. Check !acpi_enabled in
1319      * addition to cover this case.
1320      */
1321     if (!x86ms->acpi_dev || !x86_machine_is_acpi_enabled(x86ms)) {
1322         error_setg(errp,
1323                    "memory hotplug is not enabled: missing acpi device or acpi disabled");
1324         return;
1325     }
1326 
1327     if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_NVDIMM)) {
1328         error_setg(errp, "nvdimm device hot unplug is not supported yet.");
1329         return;
1330     }
1331 
1332     hotplug_handler_unplug_request(x86ms->acpi_dev, dev,
1333                                    errp);
1334 }
1335 
1336 static void pc_memory_unplug(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
1337                              DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1338 {
1339     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1340     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1341     Error *local_err = NULL;
1342 
1343     hotplug_handler_unplug(x86ms->acpi_dev, dev, &local_err);
1344     if (local_err) {
1345         goto out;
1346     }
1347 
1348     pc_dimm_unplug(PC_DIMM(dev), MACHINE(pcms));
1349     qdev_unrealize(dev);
1350  out:
1351     error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1352 }
1353 
1354 static void pc_hv_balloon_pre_plug(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
1355                                    DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1356 {
1357     /* The vmbus handler has no hotplug handler; we should never end up here. */
1358     g_assert(!dev->hotplugged);
1359     memory_device_pre_plug(MEMORY_DEVICE(dev), MACHINE(hotplug_dev), errp);
1360 }
1361 
1362 static void pc_hv_balloon_plug(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
1363                                DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1364 {
1365     memory_device_plug(MEMORY_DEVICE(dev), MACHINE(hotplug_dev));
1366 }
1367 
1368 static void pc_machine_device_pre_plug_cb(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
1369                                           DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1370 {
1371     if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_PC_DIMM)) {
1372         pc_memory_pre_plug(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1373     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_CPU)) {
1374         x86_cpu_pre_plug(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1375     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_VIRTIO_MD_PCI)) {
1376         virtio_md_pci_pre_plug(VIRTIO_MD_PCI(dev), MACHINE(hotplug_dev), errp);
1377     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_VIRTIO_IOMMU_PCI)) {
1378         /* Declare the APIC range as the reserved MSI region */
1379         char *resv_prop_str = g_strdup_printf("0xfee00000:0xfeefffff:%d",
1380                                               VIRTIO_IOMMU_RESV_MEM_T_MSI);
1381         QList *reserved_regions = qlist_new();
1382 
1383         qlist_append_str(reserved_regions, resv_prop_str);
1384         qdev_prop_set_array(dev, "reserved-regions", reserved_regions);
1385 
1386         g_free(resv_prop_str);
1387     }
1388 
1389     if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_X86_IOMMU_DEVICE) ||
1390         object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_VIRTIO_IOMMU_PCI)) {
1391         PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1392 
1393         if (pcms->iommu) {
1394             error_setg(errp, "QEMU does not support multiple vIOMMUs "
1395                        "for x86 yet.");
1396             return;
1397         }
1398         pcms->iommu = dev;
1399     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_HV_BALLOON)) {
1400         pc_hv_balloon_pre_plug(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1401     }
1402 }
1403 
1404 static void pc_machine_device_plug_cb(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
1405                                       DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1406 {
1407     if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_PC_DIMM)) {
1408         pc_memory_plug(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1409     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_CPU)) {
1410         x86_cpu_plug(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1411     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_VIRTIO_MD_PCI)) {
1412         virtio_md_pci_plug(VIRTIO_MD_PCI(dev), MACHINE(hotplug_dev), errp);
1413     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_HV_BALLOON)) {
1414         pc_hv_balloon_plug(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1415     }
1416 }
1417 
1418 static void pc_machine_device_unplug_request_cb(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
1419                                                 DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1420 {
1421     if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_PC_DIMM)) {
1422         pc_memory_unplug_request(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1423     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_CPU)) {
1424         x86_cpu_unplug_request_cb(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1425     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_VIRTIO_MD_PCI)) {
1426         virtio_md_pci_unplug_request(VIRTIO_MD_PCI(dev), MACHINE(hotplug_dev),
1427                                      errp);
1428     } else {
1429         error_setg(errp, "acpi: device unplug request for not supported device"
1430                    " type: %s", object_get_typename(OBJECT(dev)));
1431     }
1432 }
1433 
1434 static void pc_machine_device_unplug_cb(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
1435                                         DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1436 {
1437     if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_PC_DIMM)) {
1438         pc_memory_unplug(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1439     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_CPU)) {
1440         x86_cpu_unplug_cb(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1441     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_VIRTIO_MD_PCI)) {
1442         virtio_md_pci_unplug(VIRTIO_MD_PCI(dev), MACHINE(hotplug_dev), errp);
1443     } else {
1444         error_setg(errp, "acpi: device unplug for not supported device"
1445                    " type: %s", object_get_typename(OBJECT(dev)));
1446     }
1447 }
1448 
1449 static HotplugHandler *pc_get_hotplug_handler(MachineState *machine,
1450                                              DeviceState *dev)
1451 {
1452     if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_PC_DIMM) ||
1453         object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_CPU) ||
1454         object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_VIRTIO_MD_PCI) ||
1455         object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_VIRTIO_IOMMU_PCI) ||
1456         object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_HV_BALLOON) ||
1457         object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_X86_IOMMU_DEVICE)) {
1458         return HOTPLUG_HANDLER(machine);
1459     }
1460 
1461     return NULL;
1462 }
1463 
1464 static void pc_machine_get_vmport(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name,
1465                                   void *opaque, Error **errp)
1466 {
1467     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1468     OnOffAuto vmport = pcms->vmport;
1469 
1470     visit_type_OnOffAuto(v, name, &vmport, errp);
1471 }
1472 
1473 static void pc_machine_set_vmport(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name,
1474                                   void *opaque, Error **errp)
1475 {
1476     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1477 
1478     visit_type_OnOffAuto(v, name, &pcms->vmport, errp);
1479 }
1480 
1481 static bool pc_machine_get_fd_bootchk(Object *obj, Error **errp)
1482 {
1483     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1484 
1485     return pcms->fd_bootchk;
1486 }
1487 
1488 static void pc_machine_set_fd_bootchk(Object *obj, bool value, Error **errp)
1489 {
1490     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1491 
1492     pcms->fd_bootchk = value;
1493 }
1494 
1495 static bool pc_machine_get_smbus(Object *obj, Error **errp)
1496 {
1497     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1498 
1499     return pcms->smbus_enabled;
1500 }
1501 
1502 static void pc_machine_set_smbus(Object *obj, bool value, Error **errp)
1503 {
1504     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1505 
1506     pcms->smbus_enabled = value;
1507 }
1508 
1509 static bool pc_machine_get_sata(Object *obj, Error **errp)
1510 {
1511     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1512 
1513     return pcms->sata_enabled;
1514 }
1515 
1516 static void pc_machine_set_sata(Object *obj, bool value, Error **errp)
1517 {
1518     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1519 
1520     pcms->sata_enabled = value;
1521 }
1522 
1523 static bool pc_machine_get_hpet(Object *obj, Error **errp)
1524 {
1525     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1526 
1527     return pcms->hpet_enabled;
1528 }
1529 
1530 static void pc_machine_set_hpet(Object *obj, bool value, Error **errp)
1531 {
1532     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1533 
1534     pcms->hpet_enabled = value;
1535 }
1536 
1537 static bool pc_machine_get_i8042(Object *obj, Error **errp)
1538 {
1539     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1540 
1541     return pcms->i8042_enabled;
1542 }
1543 
1544 static void pc_machine_set_i8042(Object *obj, bool value, Error **errp)
1545 {
1546     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1547 
1548     pcms->i8042_enabled = value;
1549 }
1550 
1551 static bool pc_machine_get_default_bus_bypass_iommu(Object *obj, Error **errp)
1552 {
1553     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1554 
1555     return pcms->default_bus_bypass_iommu;
1556 }
1557 
1558 static void pc_machine_set_default_bus_bypass_iommu(Object *obj, bool value,
1559                                                     Error **errp)
1560 {
1561     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1562 
1563     pcms->default_bus_bypass_iommu = value;
1564 }
1565 
1566 static void pc_machine_get_smbios_ep(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name,
1567                                      void *opaque, Error **errp)
1568 {
1569     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1570     SmbiosEntryPointType smbios_entry_point_type = pcms->smbios_entry_point_type;
1571 
1572     visit_type_SmbiosEntryPointType(v, name, &smbios_entry_point_type, errp);
1573 }
1574 
1575 static void pc_machine_set_smbios_ep(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name,
1576                                      void *opaque, Error **errp)
1577 {
1578     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1579 
1580     visit_type_SmbiosEntryPointType(v, name, &pcms->smbios_entry_point_type, errp);
1581 }
1582 
1583 static void pc_machine_get_max_ram_below_4g(Object *obj, Visitor *v,
1584                                             const char *name, void *opaque,
1585                                             Error **errp)
1586 {
1587     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1588     uint64_t value = pcms->max_ram_below_4g;
1589 
1590     visit_type_size(v, name, &value, errp);
1591 }
1592 
1593 static void pc_machine_set_max_ram_below_4g(Object *obj, Visitor *v,
1594                                             const char *name, void *opaque,
1595                                             Error **errp)
1596 {
1597     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1598     uint64_t value;
1599 
1600     if (!visit_type_size(v, name, &value, errp)) {
1601         return;
1602     }
1603     if (value > 4 * GiB) {
1604         error_setg(errp,
1605                    "Machine option 'max-ram-below-4g=%"PRIu64
1606                    "' expects size less than or equal to 4G", value);
1607         return;
1608     }
1609 
1610     if (value < 1 * MiB) {
1611         warn_report("Only %" PRIu64 " bytes of RAM below the 4GiB boundary,"
1612                     "BIOS may not work with less than 1MiB", value);
1613     }
1614 
1615     pcms->max_ram_below_4g = value;
1616 }
1617 
1618 static void pc_machine_get_max_fw_size(Object *obj, Visitor *v,
1619                                        const char *name, void *opaque,
1620                                        Error **errp)
1621 {
1622     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1623     uint64_t value = pcms->max_fw_size;
1624 
1625     visit_type_size(v, name, &value, errp);
1626 }
1627 
1628 static void pc_machine_set_max_fw_size(Object *obj, Visitor *v,
1629                                        const char *name, void *opaque,
1630                                        Error **errp)
1631 {
1632     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1633     uint64_t value;
1634 
1635     if (!visit_type_size(v, name, &value, errp)) {
1636         return;
1637     }
1638 
1639     /*
1640      * We don't have a theoretically justifiable exact lower bound on the base
1641      * address of any flash mapping. In practice, the IO-APIC MMIO range is
1642      * [0xFEE00000..0xFEE01000] -- see IO_APIC_DEFAULT_ADDRESS --, leaving free
1643      * only 18MiB-4KiB below 4GiB. For now, restrict the cumulative mapping to
1644      * 16MiB in size.
1645      */
1646     if (value > 16 * MiB) {
1647         error_setg(errp,
1648                    "User specified max allowed firmware size %" PRIu64 " is "
1649                    "greater than 16MiB. If combined firmware size exceeds "
1650                    "16MiB the system may not boot, or experience intermittent"
1651                    "stability issues.",
1652                    value);
1653         return;
1654     }
1655 
1656     pcms->max_fw_size = value;
1657 }
1658 
1659 
1660 static void pc_machine_initfn(Object *obj)
1661 {
1662     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1663     PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(pcms);
1664 
1665 #ifdef CONFIG_VMPORT
1666     pcms->vmport = ON_OFF_AUTO_AUTO;
1667 #else
1668     pcms->vmport = ON_OFF_AUTO_OFF;
1669 #endif /* CONFIG_VMPORT */
1670     pcms->max_ram_below_4g = 0; /* use default */
1671     pcms->smbios_entry_point_type = pcmc->default_smbios_ep_type;
1672     pcms->south_bridge = pcmc->default_south_bridge;
1673 
1674     /* acpi build is enabled by default if machine supports it */
1675     pcms->acpi_build_enabled = pcmc->has_acpi_build;
1676     pcms->smbus_enabled = true;
1677     pcms->sata_enabled = true;
1678     pcms->i8042_enabled = true;
1679     pcms->max_fw_size = 8 * MiB;
1680 #ifdef CONFIG_HPET
1681     pcms->hpet_enabled = true;
1682 #endif
1683     pcms->fd_bootchk = true;
1684     pcms->default_bus_bypass_iommu = false;
1685 
1686     pc_system_flash_create(pcms);
1687     pcms->pcspk = isa_new(TYPE_PC_SPEAKER);
1688     object_property_add_alias(OBJECT(pcms), "pcspk-audiodev",
1689                               OBJECT(pcms->pcspk), "audiodev");
1690     if (pcmc->pci_enabled) {
1691         cxl_machine_init(obj, &pcms->cxl_devices_state);
1692     }
1693 
1694     pcms->machine_done.notify = pc_machine_done;
1695     qemu_add_machine_init_done_notifier(&pcms->machine_done);
1696 }
1697 
1698 static void pc_machine_reset(MachineState *machine, ShutdownCause reason)
1699 {
1700     CPUState *cs;
1701     X86CPU *cpu;
1702 
1703     qemu_devices_reset(reason);
1704 
1705     /* Reset APIC after devices have been reset to cancel
1706      * any changes that qemu_devices_reset() might have done.
1707      */
1708     CPU_FOREACH(cs) {
1709         cpu = X86_CPU(cs);
1710 
1711         x86_cpu_after_reset(cpu);
1712     }
1713 }
1714 
1715 static void pc_machine_wakeup(MachineState *machine)
1716 {
1717     cpu_synchronize_all_states();
1718     pc_machine_reset(machine, SHUTDOWN_CAUSE_NONE);
1719     cpu_synchronize_all_post_reset();
1720 }
1721 
1722 static bool pc_hotplug_allowed(MachineState *ms, DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1723 {
1724     X86IOMMUState *iommu = x86_iommu_get_default();
1725     IntelIOMMUState *intel_iommu;
1726 
1727     if (iommu &&
1728         object_dynamic_cast((Object *)iommu, TYPE_INTEL_IOMMU_DEVICE) &&
1729         object_dynamic_cast((Object *)dev, "vfio-pci")) {
1730         intel_iommu = INTEL_IOMMU_DEVICE(iommu);
1731         if (!intel_iommu->caching_mode) {
1732             error_setg(errp, "Device assignment is not allowed without "
1733                        "enabling caching-mode=on for Intel IOMMU.");
1734             return false;
1735         }
1736     }
1737 
1738     return true;
1739 }
1740 
1741 static void pc_machine_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
1742 {
1743     MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
1744     X86MachineClass *x86mc = X86_MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
1745     PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
1746     HotplugHandlerClass *hc = HOTPLUG_HANDLER_CLASS(oc);
1747 
1748     pcmc->pci_enabled = true;
1749     pcmc->has_acpi_build = true;
1750     pcmc->smbios_defaults = true;
1751     pcmc->gigabyte_align = true;
1752     pcmc->has_reserved_memory = true;
1753     pcmc->enforce_amd_1tb_hole = true;
1754     pcmc->isa_bios_alias = true;
1755     pcmc->pvh_enabled = true;
1756     pcmc->kvmclock_create_always = true;
1757     x86mc->apic_xrupt_override = true;
1758     assert(!mc->get_hotplug_handler);
1759     mc->get_hotplug_handler = pc_get_hotplug_handler;
1760     mc->hotplug_allowed = pc_hotplug_allowed;
1761     mc->auto_enable_numa_with_memhp = true;
1762     mc->auto_enable_numa_with_memdev = true;
1763     mc->has_hotpluggable_cpus = true;
1764     mc->default_boot_order = "cad";
1765     mc->block_default_type = IF_IDE;
1766     mc->max_cpus = 255;
1767     mc->reset = pc_machine_reset;
1768     mc->wakeup = pc_machine_wakeup;
1769     hc->pre_plug = pc_machine_device_pre_plug_cb;
1770     hc->plug = pc_machine_device_plug_cb;
1771     hc->unplug_request = pc_machine_device_unplug_request_cb;
1772     hc->unplug = pc_machine_device_unplug_cb;
1773     mc->default_cpu_type = TARGET_DEFAULT_CPU_TYPE;
1774     mc->nvdimm_supported = true;
1775     mc->smp_props.dies_supported = true;
1776     mc->smp_props.modules_supported = true;
1777     mc->default_ram_id = "pc.ram";
1778     pcmc->default_smbios_ep_type = SMBIOS_ENTRY_POINT_TYPE_AUTO;
1779 
1780     object_class_property_add(oc, PC_MACHINE_MAX_RAM_BELOW_4G, "size",
1781         pc_machine_get_max_ram_below_4g, pc_machine_set_max_ram_below_4g,
1782         NULL, NULL);
1783     object_class_property_set_description(oc, PC_MACHINE_MAX_RAM_BELOW_4G,
1784         "Maximum ram below the 4G boundary (32bit boundary)");
1785 
1786     object_class_property_add(oc, PC_MACHINE_VMPORT, "OnOffAuto",
1787         pc_machine_get_vmport, pc_machine_set_vmport,
1788         NULL, NULL);
1789     object_class_property_set_description(oc, PC_MACHINE_VMPORT,
1790         "Enable vmport (pc & q35)");
1791 
1792     object_class_property_add_bool(oc, PC_MACHINE_SMBUS,
1793         pc_machine_get_smbus, pc_machine_set_smbus);
1794     object_class_property_set_description(oc, PC_MACHINE_SMBUS,
1795         "Enable/disable system management bus");
1796 
1797     object_class_property_add_bool(oc, PC_MACHINE_SATA,
1798         pc_machine_get_sata, pc_machine_set_sata);
1799     object_class_property_set_description(oc, PC_MACHINE_SATA,
1800         "Enable/disable Serial ATA bus");
1801 
1802     object_class_property_add_bool(oc, "hpet",
1803         pc_machine_get_hpet, pc_machine_set_hpet);
1804     object_class_property_set_description(oc, "hpet",
1805         "Enable/disable high precision event timer emulation");
1806 
1807     object_class_property_add_bool(oc, PC_MACHINE_I8042,
1808         pc_machine_get_i8042, pc_machine_set_i8042);
1809 
1810     object_class_property_add_bool(oc, "default-bus-bypass-iommu",
1811         pc_machine_get_default_bus_bypass_iommu,
1812         pc_machine_set_default_bus_bypass_iommu);
1813 
1814     object_class_property_add(oc, PC_MACHINE_MAX_FW_SIZE, "size",
1815         pc_machine_get_max_fw_size, pc_machine_set_max_fw_size,
1816         NULL, NULL);
1817     object_class_property_set_description(oc, PC_MACHINE_MAX_FW_SIZE,
1818         "Maximum combined firmware size");
1819 
1820     object_class_property_add(oc, PC_MACHINE_SMBIOS_EP, "str",
1821         pc_machine_get_smbios_ep, pc_machine_set_smbios_ep,
1822         NULL, NULL);
1823     object_class_property_set_description(oc, PC_MACHINE_SMBIOS_EP,
1824         "SMBIOS Entry Point type [32, 64]");
1825 
1826     object_class_property_add_bool(oc, "fd-bootchk",
1827         pc_machine_get_fd_bootchk,
1828         pc_machine_set_fd_bootchk);
1829 }
1830 
1831 static const TypeInfo pc_machine_info = {
1832     .name = TYPE_PC_MACHINE,
1833     .parent = TYPE_X86_MACHINE,
1834     .abstract = true,
1835     .instance_size = sizeof(PCMachineState),
1836     .instance_init = pc_machine_initfn,
1837     .class_size = sizeof(PCMachineClass),
1838     .class_init = pc_machine_class_init,
1839     .interfaces = (InterfaceInfo[]) {
1840          { TYPE_HOTPLUG_HANDLER },
1841          { }
1842     },
1843 };
1844 
1845 static void pc_machine_register_types(void)
1846 {
1847     type_register_static(&pc_machine_info);
1848 }
1849 
1850 type_init(pc_machine_register_types)
1851