xref: /qemu/system/vl.c (revision eb9ca730)
1 /*
2  * QEMU System Emulator
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
5  *
6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
12  *
13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
15  *
16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
22  * THE SOFTWARE.
23  */
24 
25 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
26 #include "qemu/help-texts.h"
27 #include "qemu/datadir.h"
28 #include "qemu/units.h"
29 #include "exec/cpu-common.h"
30 #include "exec/page-vary.h"
31 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
32 #include "qapi/compat-policy.h"
33 #include "qapi/error.h"
34 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
35 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
36 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
37 #include "qemu-version.h"
38 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
39 #include "qemu/help_option.h"
40 #include "qemu/hw-version.h"
41 #include "qemu/uuid.h"
42 #include "sysemu/reset.h"
43 #include "sysemu/runstate.h"
44 #include "sysemu/runstate-action.h"
45 #include "sysemu/seccomp.h"
46 #include "sysemu/tcg.h"
47 #include "sysemu/xen.h"
48 
49 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
50 #include "qemu/sockets.h"
51 #include "qemu/accel.h"
52 #include "qemu/async-teardown.h"
53 #include "hw/usb.h"
54 #include "hw/isa/isa.h"
55 #include "hw/scsi/scsi.h"
56 #include "hw/display/vga.h"
57 #include "hw/firmware/smbios.h"
58 #include "hw/acpi/acpi.h"
59 #include "hw/xen/xen.h"
60 #include "hw/loader.h"
61 #include "monitor/qdev.h"
62 #include "net/net.h"
63 #include "net/slirp.h"
64 #include "monitor/monitor.h"
65 #include "ui/console.h"
66 #include "ui/input.h"
67 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
68 #include "sysemu/numa.h"
69 #include "sysemu/hostmem.h"
70 #include "exec/gdbstub.h"
71 #include "gdbstub/enums.h"
72 #include "qemu/timer.h"
73 #include "chardev/char.h"
74 #include "qemu/bitmap.h"
75 #include "qemu/log.h"
76 #include "sysemu/blockdev.h"
77 #include "hw/block/block.h"
78 #include "hw/i386/x86.h"
79 #include "hw/i386/pc.h"
80 #include "migration/misc.h"
81 #include "migration/snapshot.h"
82 #include "sysemu/tpm.h"
83 #include "sysemu/dma.h"
84 #include "hw/audio/soundhw.h"
85 #include "audio/audio.h"
86 #include "sysemu/cpus.h"
87 #include "sysemu/cpu-timers.h"
88 #include "migration/colo.h"
89 #include "migration/postcopy-ram.h"
90 #include "sysemu/kvm.h"
91 #include "qapi/qobject-input-visitor.h"
92 #include "qemu/option.h"
93 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
94 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
95 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
96 #include "fsdev/qemu-fsdev.h"
97 #endif
98 #include "sysemu/qtest.h"
99 #ifdef CONFIG_TCG
100 #include "tcg/perf.h"
101 #endif
102 
103 #include "disas/disas.h"
104 
105 #include "trace.h"
106 #include "trace/control.h"
107 #include "qemu/plugin.h"
108 #include "qemu/queue.h"
109 #include "sysemu/arch_init.h"
110 #include "exec/confidential-guest-support.h"
111 
112 #include "ui/qemu-spice.h"
113 #include "qapi/string-input-visitor.h"
114 #include "qapi/opts-visitor.h"
115 #include "qapi/clone-visitor.h"
116 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
117 #include "semihosting/semihost.h"
118 #include "crypto/init.h"
119 #include "sysemu/replay.h"
120 #include "qapi/qapi-events-run-state.h"
121 #include "qapi/qapi-types-audio.h"
122 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-audio.h"
123 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-block-core.h"
124 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-compat.h"
125 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-machine.h"
126 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-ui.h"
127 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-block-core.h"
128 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-migration.h"
129 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-misc.h"
130 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-qom.h"
131 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-ui.h"
132 #include "block/qdict.h"
133 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
134 #include "sysemu/iothread.h"
135 #include "qemu/guest-random.h"
136 #include "qemu/keyval.h"
137 
138 #define MAX_VIRTIO_CONSOLES 1
139 
140 typedef struct BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry {
141     BlockdevOptions *bdo;
142     Location loc;
143     QSIMPLEQ_ENTRY(BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry) entry;
144 } BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry;
145 
146 typedef QSIMPLEQ_HEAD(, BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry) BlockdevOptionsQueue;
147 
148 typedef struct ObjectOption {
149     ObjectOptions *opts;
150     QTAILQ_ENTRY(ObjectOption) next;
151 } ObjectOption;
152 
153 typedef struct DeviceOption {
154     QDict *opts;
155     Location loc;
156     QTAILQ_ENTRY(DeviceOption) next;
157 } DeviceOption;
158 
159 static const char *cpu_option;
160 static const char *mem_path;
161 static const char *incoming;
162 static const char *loadvm;
163 static const char *accelerators;
164 static bool have_custom_ram_size;
165 static const char *ram_memdev_id;
166 static QDict *machine_opts_dict;
167 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, ObjectOption) object_opts = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(object_opts);
168 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, DeviceOption) device_opts = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(device_opts);
169 static int display_remote;
170 static int snapshot;
171 static bool preconfig_requested;
172 static QemuPluginList plugin_list = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(plugin_list);
173 static BlockdevOptionsQueue bdo_queue = QSIMPLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(bdo_queue);
174 static bool nographic = false;
175 static int mem_prealloc; /* force preallocation of physical target memory */
176 static const char *vga_model = NULL;
177 static DisplayOptions dpy;
178 static int num_serial_hds;
179 static Chardev **serial_hds;
180 static const char *log_mask;
181 static const char *log_file;
182 static bool list_data_dirs;
183 static const char *qtest_chrdev;
184 static const char *qtest_log;
185 
186 static int has_defaults = 1;
187 static int default_audio = 1;
188 static int default_serial = 1;
189 static int default_parallel = 1;
190 static int default_monitor = 1;
191 static int default_floppy = 1;
192 static int default_cdrom = 1;
193 static int default_sdcard = 1;
194 static int default_vga = 1;
195 static int default_net = 1;
196 
197 static const struct {
198     const char *driver;
199     int *flag;
200 } default_list[] = {
201     { .driver = "xen-console",          .flag = &default_serial    },
202     { .driver = "isa-serial",           .flag = &default_serial    },
203     { .driver = "isa-parallel",         .flag = &default_parallel  },
204     { .driver = "isa-fdc",              .flag = &default_floppy    },
205     { .driver = "floppy",               .flag = &default_floppy    },
206     { .driver = "ide-cd",               .flag = &default_cdrom     },
207     { .driver = "ide-hd",               .flag = &default_cdrom     },
208     { .driver = "scsi-cd",              .flag = &default_cdrom     },
209     { .driver = "scsi-hd",              .flag = &default_cdrom     },
210     { .driver = "VGA",                  .flag = &default_vga       },
211     { .driver = "isa-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
212     { .driver = "cirrus-vga",           .flag = &default_vga       },
213     { .driver = "isa-cirrus-vga",       .flag = &default_vga       },
214     { .driver = "vmware-svga",          .flag = &default_vga       },
215     { .driver = "qxl-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
216     { .driver = "virtio-vga",           .flag = &default_vga       },
217     { .driver = "ati-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
218     { .driver = "vhost-user-vga",       .flag = &default_vga       },
219     { .driver = "virtio-vga-gl",        .flag = &default_vga       },
220     { .driver = "virtio-vga-rutabaga",  .flag = &default_vga       },
221 };
222 
223 static QemuOptsList qemu_rtc_opts = {
224     .name = "rtc",
225     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_rtc_opts.head),
226     .merge_lists = true,
227     .desc = {
228         {
229             .name = "base",
230             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
231         },{
232             .name = "clock",
233             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
234         },{
235             .name = "driftfix",
236             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
237         },
238         { /* end of list */ }
239     },
240 };
241 
242 static QemuOptsList qemu_option_rom_opts = {
243     .name = "option-rom",
244     .implied_opt_name = "romfile",
245     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_option_rom_opts.head),
246     .desc = {
247         {
248             .name = "bootindex",
249             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
250         }, {
251             .name = "romfile",
252             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
253         },
254         { /* end of list */ }
255     },
256 };
257 
258 static QemuOptsList qemu_accel_opts = {
259     .name = "accel",
260     .implied_opt_name = "accel",
261     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_accel_opts.head),
262     .desc = {
263         /*
264          * no elements => accept any
265          * sanity checking will happen later
266          * when setting accelerator properties
267          */
268         { }
269     },
270 };
271 
272 static QemuOptsList qemu_boot_opts = {
273     .name = "boot-opts",
274     .implied_opt_name = "order",
275     .merge_lists = true,
276     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_boot_opts.head),
277     .desc = {
278         {
279             .name = "order",
280             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
281         }, {
282             .name = "once",
283             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
284         }, {
285             .name = "menu",
286             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
287         }, {
288             .name = "splash",
289             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
290         }, {
291             .name = "splash-time",
292             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
293         }, {
294             .name = "reboot-timeout",
295             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
296         }, {
297             .name = "strict",
298             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
299         },
300         { /*End of list */ }
301     },
302 };
303 
304 static QemuOptsList qemu_add_fd_opts = {
305     .name = "add-fd",
306     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_add_fd_opts.head),
307     .desc = {
308         {
309             .name = "fd",
310             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
311             .help = "file descriptor of which a duplicate is added to fd set",
312         },{
313             .name = "set",
314             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
315             .help = "ID of the fd set to add fd to",
316         },{
317             .name = "opaque",
318             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
319             .help = "free-form string used to describe fd",
320         },
321         { /* end of list */ }
322     },
323 };
324 
325 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
326     .name = "object",
327     .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
328     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
329     .desc = {
330         { }
331     },
332 };
333 
334 static QemuOptsList qemu_tpmdev_opts = {
335     .name = "tpmdev",
336     .implied_opt_name = "type",
337     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_tpmdev_opts.head),
338     .desc = {
339         /* options are defined in the TPM backends */
340         { /* end of list */ }
341     },
342 };
343 
344 static QemuOptsList qemu_overcommit_opts = {
345     .name = "overcommit",
346     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_overcommit_opts.head),
347     .desc = {
348         {
349             .name = "mem-lock",
350             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
351         },
352         {
353             .name = "cpu-pm",
354             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
355         },
356         { /* end of list */ }
357     },
358 };
359 
360 static QemuOptsList qemu_msg_opts = {
361     .name = "msg",
362     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_msg_opts.head),
363     .desc = {
364         {
365             .name = "timestamp",
366             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
367         },
368         {
369             .name = "guest-name",
370             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
371             .help = "Prepends guest name for error messages but only if "
372                     "-name guest is set otherwise option is ignored\n",
373         },
374         { /* end of list */ }
375     },
376 };
377 
378 static QemuOptsList qemu_name_opts = {
379     .name = "name",
380     .implied_opt_name = "guest",
381     .merge_lists = true,
382     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_name_opts.head),
383     .desc = {
384         {
385             .name = "guest",
386             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
387             .help = "Sets the name of the guest.\n"
388                     "This name will be displayed in the SDL window caption.\n"
389                     "The name will also be used for the VNC server",
390         }, {
391             .name = "process",
392             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
393             .help = "Sets the name of the QEMU process, as shown in top etc",
394         }, {
395             .name = "debug-threads",
396             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
397             .help = "When enabled, name the individual threads; defaults off.\n"
398                     "NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a\n"
399                     "stable API.",
400         },
401         { /* End of list */ }
402     },
403 };
404 
405 static QemuOptsList qemu_mem_opts = {
406     .name = "memory",
407     .implied_opt_name = "size",
408     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_mem_opts.head),
409     .merge_lists = true,
410     .desc = {
411         {
412             .name = "size",
413             .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
414         },
415         {
416             .name = "slots",
417             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
418         },
419         {
420             .name = "maxmem",
421             .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
422         },
423         { /* end of list */ }
424     },
425 };
426 
427 static QemuOptsList qemu_icount_opts = {
428     .name = "icount",
429     .implied_opt_name = "shift",
430     .merge_lists = true,
431     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_icount_opts.head),
432     .desc = {
433         {
434             .name = "shift",
435             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
436         }, {
437             .name = "align",
438             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
439         }, {
440             .name = "sleep",
441             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
442         }, {
443             .name = "rr",
444             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
445         }, {
446             .name = "rrfile",
447             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
448         }, {
449             .name = "rrsnapshot",
450             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
451         },
452         { /* end of list */ }
453     },
454 };
455 
456 static QemuOptsList qemu_fw_cfg_opts = {
457     .name = "fw_cfg",
458     .implied_opt_name = "name",
459     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_fw_cfg_opts.head),
460     .desc = {
461         {
462             .name = "name",
463             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
464             .help = "Sets the fw_cfg name of the blob to be inserted",
465         }, {
466             .name = "file",
467             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
468             .help = "Sets the name of the file from which "
469                     "the fw_cfg blob will be loaded",
470         }, {
471             .name = "string",
472             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
473             .help = "Sets content of the blob to be inserted from a string",
474         }, {
475             .name = "gen_id",
476             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
477             .help = "Sets id of the object generating the fw_cfg blob "
478                     "to be inserted",
479         },
480         { /* end of list */ }
481     },
482 };
483 
484 static QemuOptsList qemu_action_opts = {
485     .name = "action",
486     .merge_lists = true,
487     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_action_opts.head),
488     .desc = {
489         {
490             .name = "shutdown",
491             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
492         },{
493             .name = "reboot",
494             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
495         },{
496             .name = "panic",
497             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
498         },{
499             .name = "watchdog",
500             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
501         },
502         { /* end of list */ }
503     },
504 };
505 
506 const char *qemu_get_vm_name(void)
507 {
508     return qemu_name;
509 }
510 
511 static void default_driver_disable(const char *driver)
512 {
513     int i;
514 
515     if (!driver) {
516         return;
517     }
518 
519     for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(default_list); i++) {
520         if (strcmp(default_list[i].driver, driver) != 0)
521             continue;
522         *(default_list[i].flag) = 0;
523     }
524 }
525 
526 static int default_driver_check(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
527 {
528     const char *driver = qemu_opt_get(opts, "driver");
529 
530     default_driver_disable(driver);
531     return 0;
532 }
533 
534 static void default_driver_check_json(void)
535 {
536     DeviceOption *opt;
537 
538     QTAILQ_FOREACH(opt, &device_opts, next) {
539         const char *driver = qdict_get_try_str(opt->opts, "driver");
540         default_driver_disable(driver);
541     }
542 }
543 
544 static int parse_name(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
545 {
546     const char *proc_name;
547 
548     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "debug-threads")) {
549         qemu_thread_naming(qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "debug-threads", false));
550     }
551     qemu_name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "guest");
552 
553     proc_name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "process");
554     if (proc_name) {
555         os_set_proc_name(proc_name);
556     }
557 
558     return 0;
559 }
560 
561 bool defaults_enabled(void)
562 {
563     return has_defaults;
564 }
565 
566 #ifndef _WIN32
567 static int parse_add_fd(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
568 {
569     int fd, dupfd, flags;
570     int64_t fdset_id;
571     const char *fd_opaque = NULL;
572     AddfdInfo *fdinfo;
573 
574     fd = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "fd", -1);
575     fdset_id = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "set", -1);
576     fd_opaque = qemu_opt_get(opts, "opaque");
577 
578     if (fd < 0) {
579         error_setg(errp, "fd option is required and must be non-negative");
580         return -1;
581     }
582 
583     if (fd <= STDERR_FILENO) {
584         error_setg(errp, "fd cannot be a standard I/O stream");
585         return -1;
586     }
587 
588     /*
589      * All fds inherited across exec() necessarily have FD_CLOEXEC
590      * clear, while qemu sets FD_CLOEXEC on all other fds used internally.
591      */
592     flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD);
593     if (flags == -1 || (flags & FD_CLOEXEC)) {
594         error_setg(errp, "fd is not valid or already in use");
595         return -1;
596     }
597 
598     if (fdset_id < 0) {
599         error_setg(errp, "set option is required and must be non-negative");
600         return -1;
601     }
602 
603 #ifdef F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC
604     dupfd = fcntl(fd, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 0);
605 #else
606     dupfd = dup(fd);
607     if (dupfd != -1) {
608         qemu_set_cloexec(dupfd);
609     }
610 #endif
611     if (dupfd == -1) {
612         error_setg(errp, "error duplicating fd: %s", strerror(errno));
613         return -1;
614     }
615 
616     /* add the duplicate fd, and optionally the opaque string, to the fd set */
617     fdinfo = monitor_fdset_add_fd(dupfd, true, fdset_id, fd_opaque,
618                                   &error_abort);
619     g_free(fdinfo);
620 
621     return 0;
622 }
623 
624 static int cleanup_add_fd(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
625 {
626     int fd;
627 
628     fd = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "fd", -1);
629     close(fd);
630 
631     return 0;
632 }
633 #endif
634 
635 /***********************************************************/
636 /* QEMU Block devices */
637 
638 #define HD_OPTS "media=disk"
639 #define CDROM_OPTS "media=cdrom"
640 #define FD_OPTS ""
641 #define PFLASH_OPTS ""
642 #define MTD_OPTS ""
643 #define SD_OPTS ""
644 
645 static int drive_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
646 {
647     BlockInterfaceType *block_default_type = opaque;
648 
649     return drive_new(opts, *block_default_type, errp) == NULL;
650 }
651 
652 static int drive_enable_snapshot(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
653 {
654     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "snapshot") == NULL) {
655         qemu_opt_set(opts, "snapshot", "on", &error_abort);
656     }
657     return 0;
658 }
659 
660 static void default_drive(int enable, int snapshot, BlockInterfaceType type,
661                           int index, const char *optstr)
662 {
663     QemuOpts *opts;
664     DriveInfo *dinfo;
665 
666     if (!enable || drive_get_by_index(type, index)) {
667         return;
668     }
669 
670     opts = drive_add(type, index, NULL, optstr);
671     if (snapshot) {
672         drive_enable_snapshot(NULL, opts, NULL);
673     }
674 
675     dinfo = drive_new(opts, type, &error_abort);
676     dinfo->is_default = true;
677 
678 }
679 
680 static void configure_blockdev(BlockdevOptionsQueue *bdo_queue,
681                                MachineClass *machine_class, int snapshot)
682 {
683     /*
684      * If the currently selected machine wishes to override the
685      * units-per-bus property of its default HBA interface type, do so
686      * now.
687      */
688     if (machine_class->units_per_default_bus) {
689         override_max_devs(machine_class->block_default_type,
690                           machine_class->units_per_default_bus);
691     }
692 
693     /* open the virtual block devices */
694     while (!QSIMPLEQ_EMPTY(bdo_queue)) {
695         BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry *bdo = QSIMPLEQ_FIRST(bdo_queue);
696 
697         QSIMPLEQ_REMOVE_HEAD(bdo_queue, entry);
698         loc_push_restore(&bdo->loc);
699         qmp_blockdev_add(bdo->bdo, &error_fatal);
700         loc_pop(&bdo->loc);
701         qapi_free_BlockdevOptions(bdo->bdo);
702         g_free(bdo);
703     }
704     if (snapshot) {
705         qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("drive"), drive_enable_snapshot,
706                           NULL, NULL);
707     }
708     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("drive"), drive_init_func,
709                           &machine_class->block_default_type, &error_fatal)) {
710         /* We printed help */
711         exit(0);
712     }
713 
714     default_drive(default_cdrom, snapshot, machine_class->block_default_type, 2,
715                   CDROM_OPTS);
716     default_drive(default_floppy, snapshot, IF_FLOPPY, 0, FD_OPTS);
717     default_drive(default_sdcard, snapshot, IF_SD, 0, SD_OPTS);
718 
719 }
720 
721 static QemuOptsList qemu_smp_opts = {
722     .name = "smp-opts",
723     .implied_opt_name = "cpus",
724     .merge_lists = true,
725     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_smp_opts.head),
726     .desc = {
727         {
728             .name = "cpus",
729             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
730         }, {
731             .name = "drawers",
732             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
733         }, {
734             .name = "books",
735             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
736         }, {
737             .name = "sockets",
738             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
739         }, {
740             .name = "dies",
741             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
742         }, {
743             .name = "clusters",
744             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
745         }, {
746             .name = "modules",
747             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
748         }, {
749             .name = "cores",
750             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
751         }, {
752             .name = "threads",
753             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
754         }, {
755             .name = "maxcpus",
756             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
757         },
758         { /*End of list */ }
759     },
760 };
761 
762 #if defined(CONFIG_POSIX)
763 static QemuOptsList qemu_run_with_opts = {
764     .name = "run-with",
765     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_run_with_opts.head),
766     .desc = {
767 #if defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
768         {
769             .name = "async-teardown",
770             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
771         },
772 #endif
773         {
774             .name = "chroot",
775             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
776         },
777         {
778             .name = "user",
779             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
780         },
781         { /* end of list */ }
782     },
783 };
784 
785 #define qemu_add_run_with_opts() qemu_add_opts(&qemu_run_with_opts)
786 
787 #else
788 
789 #define qemu_add_run_with_opts()
790 
791 #endif /* CONFIG_POSIX */
792 
793 static void realtime_init(void)
794 {
795     if (enable_mlock) {
796         if (os_mlock() < 0) {
797             error_report("locking memory failed");
798             exit(1);
799         }
800     }
801 }
802 
803 
804 static void configure_msg(QemuOpts *opts)
805 {
806     message_with_timestamp = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "timestamp", false);
807     error_with_guestname = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "guest-name", false);
808 }
809 
810 
811 /***********************************************************/
812 /* USB devices */
813 
814 static int usb_device_add(const char *devname)
815 {
816     USBDevice *dev = NULL;
817 
818     if (!machine_usb(current_machine)) {
819         return -1;
820     }
821 
822     dev = usbdevice_create(devname);
823     if (!dev)
824         return -1;
825 
826     return 0;
827 }
828 
829 static int usb_parse(const char *cmdline)
830 {
831     int r;
832     r = usb_device_add(cmdline);
833     if (r < 0) {
834         error_report("could not add USB device '%s'", cmdline);
835     }
836     return r;
837 }
838 
839 /***********************************************************/
840 /* machine registration */
841 
842 static MachineClass *find_machine(const char *name, GSList *machines)
843 {
844     GSList *el;
845 
846     for (el = machines; el; el = el->next) {
847         MachineClass *mc = el->data;
848 
849         if (!strcmp(mc->name, name) || !g_strcmp0(mc->alias, name)) {
850             return mc;
851         }
852     }
853 
854     return NULL;
855 }
856 
857 static MachineClass *find_default_machine(GSList *machines)
858 {
859     GSList *el;
860     MachineClass *default_machineclass = NULL;
861 
862     for (el = machines; el; el = el->next) {
863         MachineClass *mc = el->data;
864 
865         if (mc->is_default) {
866             assert(default_machineclass == NULL && "Multiple default machines");
867             default_machineclass = mc;
868         }
869     }
870 
871     return default_machineclass;
872 }
873 
874 static void version(void)
875 {
876     printf("QEMU emulator version " QEMU_FULL_VERSION "\n"
877            QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n");
878 }
879 
880 static void help(int exitcode)
881 {
882     version();
883     printf("usage: %s [options] [disk_image]\n\n"
884            "'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0\n\n",
885             g_get_prgname());
886 
887 #define DEF(option, opt_arg, opt_enum, opt_help, arch_mask)    \
888     if ((arch_mask) & arch_type)                               \
889         fputs(opt_help, stdout);
890 
891 #define ARCHHEADING(text, arch_mask) \
892     if ((arch_mask) & arch_type)    \
893         puts(stringify(text));
894 
895 #define DEFHEADING(text) ARCHHEADING(text, QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
896 
897 #include "qemu-options.def"
898 
899     printf("\nDuring emulation, the following keys are useful:\n"
900            "ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen\n"
901            "ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'\n"
902            "ctrl-alt-g      toggle mouse and keyboard grab\n"
903            "\n"
904            "When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.\n"
905            "\n"
906            QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n");
907 
908     exit(exitcode);
909 }
910 
911 enum {
912 
913 #define DEF(option, opt_arg, opt_enum, opt_help, arch_mask)     \
914     opt_enum,
915 #define DEFHEADING(text)
916 #define ARCHHEADING(text, arch_mask)
917 
918 #include "qemu-options.def"
919 };
920 
921 #define HAS_ARG 0x0001
922 
923 typedef struct QEMUOption {
924     const char *name;
925     int flags;
926     int index;
927     uint32_t arch_mask;
928 } QEMUOption;
929 
930 static const QEMUOption qemu_options[] = {
931     { "h", 0, QEMU_OPTION_h, QEMU_ARCH_ALL },
932 
933 #define DEF(option, opt_arg, opt_enum, opt_help, arch_mask)     \
934     { option, opt_arg, opt_enum, arch_mask },
935 #define DEFHEADING(text)
936 #define ARCHHEADING(text, arch_mask)
937 
938 #include "qemu-options.def"
939     { /* end of list */ }
940 };
941 
942 typedef struct VGAInterfaceInfo {
943     const char *opt_name;    /* option name */
944     const char *name;        /* human-readable name */
945     /* Class names indicating that support is available.
946      * If no class is specified, the interface is always available */
947     const char *class_names[2];
948 } VGAInterfaceInfo;
949 
950 static const VGAInterfaceInfo vga_interfaces[VGA_TYPE_MAX] = {
951     [VGA_NONE] = {
952         .opt_name = "none",
953         .name = "no graphic card",
954     },
955     [VGA_STD] = {
956         .opt_name = "std",
957         .name = "standard VGA",
958         .class_names = { "VGA", "isa-vga" },
959     },
960     [VGA_CIRRUS] = {
961         .opt_name = "cirrus",
962         .name = "Cirrus VGA",
963         .class_names = { "cirrus-vga", "isa-cirrus-vga" },
964     },
965     [VGA_VMWARE] = {
966         .opt_name = "vmware",
967         .name = "VMWare SVGA",
968         .class_names = { "vmware-svga" },
969     },
970     [VGA_VIRTIO] = {
971         .opt_name = "virtio",
972         .name = "Virtio VGA",
973         .class_names = { "virtio-vga" },
974     },
975     [VGA_QXL] = {
976         .opt_name = "qxl",
977         .name = "QXL VGA",
978         .class_names = { "qxl-vga" },
979     },
980     [VGA_TCX] = {
981         .opt_name = "tcx",
982         .name = "TCX framebuffer",
983         .class_names = { "sun-tcx" },
984     },
985     [VGA_CG3] = {
986         .opt_name = "cg3",
987         .name = "CG3 framebuffer",
988         .class_names = { "cgthree" },
989     },
990 #ifdef CONFIG_XEN_BACKEND
991     [VGA_XENFB] = {
992         .opt_name = "xenfb",
993         .name = "Xen paravirtualized framebuffer",
994     },
995 #endif
996 };
997 
998 static bool vga_interface_available(VGAInterfaceType t)
999 {
1000     const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
1001 
1002     assert(t < VGA_TYPE_MAX);
1003 
1004     if (!ti->class_names[0] || module_object_class_by_name(ti->class_names[0])) {
1005         return true;
1006     }
1007 
1008     if (ti->class_names[1] && module_object_class_by_name(ti->class_names[1])) {
1009         return true;
1010     }
1011 
1012     return false;
1013 }
1014 
1015 static const char *
1016 get_default_vga_model(const MachineClass *machine_class)
1017 {
1018     if (machine_class->default_display) {
1019         for (int t = 0; t < VGA_TYPE_MAX; t++) {
1020             const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
1021 
1022             if (ti->opt_name && vga_interface_available(t) &&
1023                 g_str_equal(ti->opt_name, machine_class->default_display)) {
1024                 return machine_class->default_display;
1025             }
1026         }
1027 
1028         warn_report_once("Default display '%s' is not available in this binary",
1029                          machine_class->default_display);
1030         return NULL;
1031     } else if (vga_interface_available(VGA_CIRRUS)) {
1032         return "cirrus";
1033     } else if (vga_interface_available(VGA_STD)) {
1034         return "std";
1035     }
1036 
1037     return NULL;
1038 }
1039 
1040 static void select_vgahw(const MachineClass *machine_class, const char *p)
1041 {
1042     const char *opts;
1043     int t;
1044 
1045     if (g_str_equal(p, "help")) {
1046         const char *def = get_default_vga_model(machine_class);
1047 
1048         for (t = 0; t < VGA_TYPE_MAX; t++) {
1049             const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
1050 
1051             if (vga_interface_available(t) && ti->opt_name) {
1052                 printf("%-20s %s%s\n", ti->opt_name, ti->name ?: "",
1053                         (def && g_str_equal(ti->opt_name, def)) ?
1054                         " (default)" : "");
1055             }
1056         }
1057         exit(0);
1058     }
1059 
1060     assert(vga_interface_type == VGA_NONE);
1061     for (t = 0; t < VGA_TYPE_MAX; t++) {
1062         const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
1063         if (ti->opt_name && strstart(p, ti->opt_name, &opts)) {
1064             if (!vga_interface_available(t)) {
1065                 error_report("%s not available", ti->name);
1066                 exit(1);
1067             }
1068             vga_interface_type = t;
1069             break;
1070         }
1071     }
1072     if (t == VGA_TYPE_MAX) {
1073     invalid_vga:
1074         error_report("unknown vga type: %s", p);
1075         exit(1);
1076     }
1077     while (*opts) {
1078         const char *nextopt;
1079 
1080         if (strstart(opts, ",retrace=", &nextopt)) {
1081             opts = nextopt;
1082             if (strstart(opts, "dumb", &nextopt))
1083                 vga_retrace_method = VGA_RETRACE_DUMB;
1084             else if (strstart(opts, "precise", &nextopt))
1085                 vga_retrace_method = VGA_RETRACE_PRECISE;
1086             else goto invalid_vga;
1087         } else goto invalid_vga;
1088         opts = nextopt;
1089     }
1090 }
1091 
1092 static void parse_display_qapi(const char *str)
1093 {
1094     DisplayOptions *opts;
1095     Visitor *v;
1096 
1097     v = qobject_input_visitor_new_str(str, "type", &error_fatal);
1098 
1099     visit_type_DisplayOptions(v, NULL, &opts, &error_fatal);
1100     QAPI_CLONE_MEMBERS(DisplayOptions, &dpy, opts);
1101 
1102     qapi_free_DisplayOptions(opts);
1103     visit_free(v);
1104 }
1105 
1106 DisplayOptions *qmp_query_display_options(Error **errp)
1107 {
1108     return QAPI_CLONE(DisplayOptions, &dpy);
1109 }
1110 
1111 static void parse_display(const char *p)
1112 {
1113     if (is_help_option(p)) {
1114         qemu_display_help();
1115         exit(0);
1116     }
1117 
1118 #ifdef CONFIG_VNC
1119     const char *opts;
1120 
1121     if (strstart(p, "vnc", &opts)) {
1122         /*
1123          * vnc isn't a (local) DisplayType but a protocol for remote
1124          * display access.
1125          */
1126         if (*opts == '=') {
1127             vnc_parse(opts + 1);
1128             display_remote++;
1129         } else {
1130             error_report("VNC requires a display argument vnc=<display>");
1131             exit(1);
1132         }
1133         return;
1134     }
1135 #endif
1136 
1137     parse_display_qapi(p);
1138 }
1139 
1140 static inline bool nonempty_str(const char *str)
1141 {
1142     return str && *str;
1143 }
1144 
1145 static int parse_fw_cfg(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1146 {
1147     gchar *buf;
1148     size_t size;
1149     const char *name, *file, *str, *gen_id;
1150     FWCfgState *fw_cfg = (FWCfgState *) opaque;
1151 
1152     if (fw_cfg == NULL) {
1153         error_setg(errp, "fw_cfg device not available");
1154         return -1;
1155     }
1156     name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "name");
1157     file = qemu_opt_get(opts, "file");
1158     str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "string");
1159     gen_id = qemu_opt_get(opts, "gen_id");
1160 
1161     /* we need the name, and exactly one of: file, content string, gen_id */
1162     if (!nonempty_str(name) ||
1163         nonempty_str(file) + nonempty_str(str) + nonempty_str(gen_id) != 1) {
1164         error_setg(errp, "name, plus exactly one of file,"
1165                          " string and gen_id, are needed");
1166         return -1;
1167     }
1168     if (strlen(name) > FW_CFG_MAX_FILE_PATH - 1) {
1169         error_setg(errp, "name too long (max. %d char)",
1170                    FW_CFG_MAX_FILE_PATH - 1);
1171         return -1;
1172     }
1173     if (nonempty_str(gen_id)) {
1174         /*
1175          * In this particular case where the content is populated
1176          * internally, the "etc/" namespace protection is relaxed,
1177          * so do not emit a warning.
1178          */
1179     } else if (strncmp(name, "opt/", 4) != 0) {
1180         warn_report("externally provided fw_cfg item names "
1181                     "should be prefixed with \"opt/\"");
1182     }
1183     if (nonempty_str(str)) {
1184         size = strlen(str); /* NUL terminator NOT included in fw_cfg blob */
1185         buf = g_memdup(str, size);
1186     } else if (nonempty_str(gen_id)) {
1187         if (!fw_cfg_add_from_generator(fw_cfg, name, gen_id, errp)) {
1188             return -1;
1189         }
1190         return 0;
1191     } else {
1192         GError *err = NULL;
1193         if (!g_file_get_contents(file, &buf, &size, &err)) {
1194             error_setg(errp, "can't load %s: %s", file, err->message);
1195             g_error_free(err);
1196             return -1;
1197         }
1198     }
1199     /* For legacy, keep user files in a specific global order. */
1200     fw_cfg_set_order_override(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_ORDER_OVERRIDE_USER);
1201     fw_cfg_add_file(fw_cfg, name, buf, size);
1202     fw_cfg_reset_order_override(fw_cfg);
1203     return 0;
1204 }
1205 
1206 static int device_help_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1207 {
1208     return qdev_device_help(opts);
1209 }
1210 
1211 static int device_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1212 {
1213     DeviceState *dev;
1214 
1215     dev = qdev_device_add(opts, errp);
1216     if (!dev && *errp) {
1217         error_report_err(*errp);
1218         return -1;
1219     } else if (dev) {
1220         object_unref(OBJECT(dev));
1221     }
1222     return 0;
1223 }
1224 
1225 static int chardev_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1226 {
1227     Error *local_err = NULL;
1228 
1229     if (!qemu_chr_new_from_opts(opts, NULL, &local_err)) {
1230         if (local_err) {
1231             error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1232             return -1;
1233         }
1234         exit(0);
1235     }
1236     return 0;
1237 }
1238 
1239 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
1240 static int fsdev_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1241 {
1242     return qemu_fsdev_add(opts, errp);
1243 }
1244 #endif
1245 
1246 static int mon_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1247 {
1248     return monitor_init_opts(opts, errp);
1249 }
1250 
1251 static void monitor_parse(const char *str, const char *mode, bool pretty)
1252 {
1253     static int monitor_device_index = 0;
1254     QemuOpts *opts;
1255     const char *p;
1256     char label[32];
1257 
1258     if (strstart(str, "chardev:", &p)) {
1259         snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "%s", p);
1260     } else {
1261         snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "compat_monitor%d",
1262                  monitor_device_index);
1263         opts = qemu_chr_parse_compat(label, str, true);
1264         if (!opts) {
1265             error_report("parse error: %s", str);
1266             exit(1);
1267         }
1268     }
1269 
1270     opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("mon"), label, 1, &error_fatal);
1271     qemu_opt_set(opts, "mode", mode, &error_abort);
1272     qemu_opt_set(opts, "chardev", label, &error_abort);
1273     if (!strcmp(mode, "control")) {
1274         qemu_opt_set_bool(opts, "pretty", pretty, &error_abort);
1275     } else {
1276         assert(pretty == false);
1277     }
1278     monitor_device_index++;
1279 }
1280 
1281 struct device_config {
1282     enum {
1283         DEV_USB,       /* -usbdevice     */
1284         DEV_SERIAL,    /* -serial        */
1285         DEV_PARALLEL,  /* -parallel      */
1286         DEV_DEBUGCON,  /* -debugcon */
1287         DEV_GDB,       /* -gdb, -s */
1288         DEV_SCLP,      /* s390 sclp */
1289     } type;
1290     const char *cmdline;
1291     Location loc;
1292     QTAILQ_ENTRY(device_config) next;
1293 };
1294 
1295 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, device_config) device_configs =
1296     QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(device_configs);
1297 
1298 static void add_device_config(int type, const char *cmdline)
1299 {
1300     struct device_config *conf;
1301 
1302     conf = g_malloc0(sizeof(*conf));
1303     conf->type = type;
1304     conf->cmdline = cmdline;
1305     loc_save(&conf->loc);
1306     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&device_configs, conf, next);
1307 }
1308 
1309 static int foreach_device_config(int type, int (*func)(const char *cmdline))
1310 {
1311     struct device_config *conf;
1312     int rc;
1313 
1314     QTAILQ_FOREACH(conf, &device_configs, next) {
1315         if (conf->type != type)
1316             continue;
1317         loc_push_restore(&conf->loc);
1318         rc = func(conf->cmdline);
1319         loc_pop(&conf->loc);
1320         if (rc) {
1321             return rc;
1322         }
1323     }
1324     return 0;
1325 }
1326 
1327 static void qemu_disable_default_devices(void)
1328 {
1329     MachineClass *machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
1330 
1331     default_driver_check_json();
1332     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
1333                       default_driver_check, NULL, NULL);
1334     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("global"),
1335                       default_driver_check, NULL, NULL);
1336 
1337     if (!vga_model && !default_vga) {
1338         vga_interface_type = VGA_DEVICE;
1339         vga_interface_created = true;
1340     }
1341     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_serial) {
1342         default_serial = 0;
1343     }
1344     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_parallel) {
1345         default_parallel = 0;
1346     }
1347     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_floppy) {
1348         default_floppy = 0;
1349     }
1350     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_cdrom) {
1351         default_cdrom = 0;
1352     }
1353     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_sdcard) {
1354         default_sdcard = 0;
1355     }
1356     if (!has_defaults) {
1357         default_audio = 0;
1358         default_monitor = 0;
1359         default_net = 0;
1360         default_vga = 0;
1361     } else {
1362         if (default_net && machine_class->default_nic &&
1363             !module_object_class_by_name(machine_class->default_nic)) {
1364             warn_report("Default NIC '%s' is not available in this binary",
1365                         machine_class->default_nic);
1366             default_net = 0;
1367         }
1368     }
1369 }
1370 
1371 static void qemu_setup_display(void)
1372 {
1373     if (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_DEFAULT && !display_remote) {
1374         if (!qemu_display_find_default(&dpy)) {
1375             dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_NONE;
1376 #if defined(CONFIG_VNC)
1377             vnc_parse("localhost:0,to=99,id=default");
1378             display_remote++;
1379 #endif
1380         }
1381     }
1382     if (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_DEFAULT) {
1383         dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_NONE;
1384     }
1385 
1386     qemu_display_early_init(&dpy);
1387 }
1388 
1389 static void qemu_create_default_devices(void)
1390 {
1391     MachineClass *machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
1392     const char *vc = qemu_display_get_vc(&dpy);
1393 
1394     if (is_daemonized()) {
1395         /* According to documentation and historically, -nographic redirects
1396          * serial port, parallel port and monitor to stdio, which does not work
1397          * with -daemonize.  We can redirect these to null instead, but since
1398          * -nographic is legacy, let's just error out.
1399          * We disallow -nographic only if all other ports are not redirected
1400          * explicitly, to not break existing legacy setups which uses
1401          * -nographic _and_ redirects all ports explicitly - this is valid
1402          * usage, -nographic is just a no-op in this case.
1403          */
1404         if (nographic
1405             && (default_parallel || default_serial || default_monitor)) {
1406             error_report("-nographic cannot be used with -daemonize");
1407             exit(1);
1408         }
1409     }
1410 
1411     if (nographic) {
1412         if (default_parallel) {
1413             add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, "null");
1414         }
1415         if (default_serial && default_monitor) {
1416             add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, "mon:stdio");
1417         } else {
1418             if (default_serial) {
1419                 add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, "stdio");
1420             }
1421             if (default_monitor) {
1422                 monitor_parse("stdio", "readline", false);
1423             }
1424         }
1425     } else {
1426         if (default_serial) {
1427             add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, vc ?: "null");
1428         }
1429         if (default_parallel) {
1430             add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, vc ?: "null");
1431         }
1432         if (default_monitor && vc) {
1433             monitor_parse(vc, "readline", false);
1434         }
1435     }
1436 
1437     if (default_net) {
1438         QemuOptsList *net = qemu_find_opts("net");
1439         qemu_opts_parse(net, "nic", true, &error_abort);
1440 #ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP
1441         qemu_opts_parse(net, "user", true, &error_abort);
1442 #endif
1443     }
1444 
1445     /* If no default VGA is requested, the default is "none".  */
1446     if (default_vga) {
1447         vga_model = get_default_vga_model(machine_class);
1448     }
1449     if (vga_model) {
1450         select_vgahw(machine_class, vga_model);
1451     }
1452 }
1453 
1454 static int serial_parse(const char *devname)
1455 {
1456     int index = num_serial_hds;
1457 
1458     serial_hds = g_renew(Chardev *, serial_hds, index + 1);
1459 
1460     if (strcmp(devname, "none") == 0) {
1461         /* Don't allocate a serial device for this index */
1462         serial_hds[index] = NULL;
1463     } else {
1464         char label[32];
1465         snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "serial%d", index);
1466 
1467         serial_hds[index] = qemu_chr_new_mux_mon(label, devname, NULL);
1468         if (!serial_hds[index]) {
1469             error_report("could not connect serial device"
1470                          " to character backend '%s'", devname);
1471             return -1;
1472         }
1473     }
1474     num_serial_hds++;
1475     return 0;
1476 }
1477 
1478 Chardev *serial_hd(int i)
1479 {
1480     assert(i >= 0);
1481     if (i < num_serial_hds) {
1482         return serial_hds[i];
1483     }
1484     return NULL;
1485 }
1486 
1487 static int parallel_parse(const char *devname)
1488 {
1489     static int index = 0;
1490     char label[32];
1491 
1492     if (strcmp(devname, "none") == 0)
1493         return 0;
1494     if (index == MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS) {
1495         error_report("too many parallel ports");
1496         exit(1);
1497     }
1498     snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "parallel%d", index);
1499     parallel_hds[index] = qemu_chr_new_mux_mon(label, devname, NULL);
1500     if (!parallel_hds[index]) {
1501         error_report("could not connect parallel device"
1502                      " to character backend '%s'", devname);
1503         return -1;
1504     }
1505     index++;
1506     return 0;
1507 }
1508 
1509 static int debugcon_parse(const char *devname)
1510 {
1511     QemuOpts *opts;
1512 
1513     if (!qemu_chr_new_mux_mon("debugcon", devname, NULL)) {
1514         error_report("invalid character backend '%s'", devname);
1515         exit(1);
1516     }
1517     opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("device"), "debugcon", 1, NULL);
1518     if (!opts) {
1519         error_report("already have a debugcon device");
1520         exit(1);
1521     }
1522     qemu_opt_set(opts, "driver", "isa-debugcon", &error_abort);
1523     qemu_opt_set(opts, "chardev", "debugcon", &error_abort);
1524     return 0;
1525 }
1526 
1527 static gint machine_class_cmp(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
1528 {
1529     const MachineClass *mc1 = a, *mc2 = b;
1530     int res;
1531 
1532     if (mc1->family == NULL) {
1533         if (mc2->family == NULL) {
1534             /* Compare standalone machine types against each other; they sort
1535              * in increasing order.
1536              */
1537             return strcmp(object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc1)),
1538                           object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc2)));
1539         }
1540 
1541         /* Standalone machine types sort after families. */
1542         return 1;
1543     }
1544 
1545     if (mc2->family == NULL) {
1546         /* Families sort before standalone machine types. */
1547         return -1;
1548     }
1549 
1550     /* Families sort between each other alphabetically increasingly. */
1551     res = strcmp(mc1->family, mc2->family);
1552     if (res != 0) {
1553         return res;
1554     }
1555 
1556     /* Within the same family, machine types sort in decreasing order. */
1557     return strcmp(object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc2)),
1558                   object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc1)));
1559 }
1560 
1561 static void machine_help_func(const QDict *qdict)
1562 {
1563     g_autoptr(GSList) machines = NULL;
1564     GSList *el;
1565     const char *type = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "type");
1566 
1567     machines = object_class_get_list(TYPE_MACHINE, false);
1568     if (type) {
1569         ObjectClass *machine_class = OBJECT_CLASS(find_machine(type, machines));
1570         if (machine_class) {
1571             type_print_class_properties(object_class_get_name(machine_class));
1572             return;
1573         }
1574     }
1575 
1576     printf("Supported machines are:\n");
1577     machines = g_slist_sort(machines, machine_class_cmp);
1578     for (el = machines; el; el = el->next) {
1579         MachineClass *mc = el->data;
1580         if (mc->alias) {
1581             printf("%-20s %s (alias of %s)\n", mc->alias, mc->desc, mc->name);
1582         }
1583         printf("%-20s %s%s%s\n", mc->name, mc->desc,
1584                mc->is_default ? " (default)" : "",
1585                mc->deprecation_reason ? " (deprecated)" : "");
1586     }
1587 }
1588 
1589 static void
1590 machine_merge_property(const char *propname, QDict *prop, Error **errp)
1591 {
1592     QDict *opts;
1593 
1594     opts = qdict_new();
1595     /* Preserve the caller's reference to prop.  */
1596     qobject_ref(prop);
1597     qdict_put(opts, propname, prop);
1598     keyval_merge(machine_opts_dict, opts, errp);
1599     qobject_unref(opts);
1600 }
1601 
1602 static void
1603 machine_parse_property_opt(QemuOptsList *opts_list, const char *propname,
1604                            const char *arg)
1605 {
1606     QDict *prop = NULL;
1607     bool help = false;
1608 
1609     prop = keyval_parse(arg, opts_list->implied_opt_name, &help, &error_fatal);
1610     if (help) {
1611         qemu_opts_print_help(opts_list, true);
1612         exit(0);
1613     }
1614     machine_merge_property(propname, prop, &error_fatal);
1615     qobject_unref(prop);
1616 }
1617 
1618 static const char *pid_file;
1619 struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier {
1620     Notifier notifier;
1621     char *pid_file_realpath;
1622 };
1623 static struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier qemu_unlink_pidfile_notifier;
1624 
1625 static void qemu_unlink_pidfile(Notifier *n, void *data)
1626 {
1627     struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier *upn;
1628 
1629     upn = DO_UPCAST(struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier, notifier, n);
1630     unlink(upn->pid_file_realpath);
1631 }
1632 
1633 static const QEMUOption *lookup_opt(int argc, char **argv,
1634                                     const char **poptarg, int *poptind)
1635 {
1636     const QEMUOption *popt;
1637     int optind = *poptind;
1638     char *r = argv[optind];
1639     const char *optarg;
1640 
1641     loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind, 1);
1642     optind++;
1643     /* Treat --foo the same as -foo.  */
1644     if (r[1] == '-')
1645         r++;
1646     popt = qemu_options;
1647     for(;;) {
1648         if (!popt->name) {
1649             error_report("invalid option");
1650             exit(1);
1651         }
1652         if (!strcmp(popt->name, r + 1))
1653             break;
1654         popt++;
1655     }
1656     if (popt->flags & HAS_ARG) {
1657         if (optind >= argc) {
1658             error_report("requires an argument");
1659             exit(1);
1660         }
1661         optarg = argv[optind++];
1662         loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind - 2, 2);
1663     } else {
1664         optarg = NULL;
1665     }
1666 
1667     *poptarg = optarg;
1668     *poptind = optind;
1669 
1670     return popt;
1671 }
1672 
1673 static MachineClass *select_machine(QDict *qdict, Error **errp)
1674 {
1675     ERRP_GUARD();
1676     const char *machine_type = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "type");
1677     g_autoptr(GSList) machines = object_class_get_list(TYPE_MACHINE, false);
1678     MachineClass *machine_class = NULL;
1679 
1680     if (machine_type) {
1681         machine_class = find_machine(machine_type, machines);
1682         if (!machine_class) {
1683             error_setg(errp, "unsupported machine type: \"%s\"", machine_type);
1684         }
1685         qdict_del(qdict, "type");
1686     } else {
1687         machine_class = find_default_machine(machines);
1688         if (!machine_class) {
1689             error_setg(errp, "No machine specified, and there is no default");
1690         }
1691     }
1692 
1693     if (!machine_class) {
1694         error_append_hint(errp,
1695                           "Use -machine help to list supported machines\n");
1696     }
1697     return machine_class;
1698 }
1699 
1700 static int object_parse_property_opt(Object *obj,
1701                                      const char *name, const char *value,
1702                                      const char *skip, Error **errp)
1703 {
1704     if (g_str_equal(name, skip)) {
1705         return 0;
1706     }
1707 
1708     if (!object_property_parse(obj, name, value, errp)) {
1709         return -1;
1710     }
1711 
1712     return 0;
1713 }
1714 
1715 /* *Non*recursively replace underscores with dashes in QDict keys.  */
1716 static void keyval_dashify(QDict *qdict, Error **errp)
1717 {
1718     const QDictEntry *ent, *next;
1719     char *p;
1720 
1721     for (ent = qdict_first(qdict); ent; ent = next) {
1722         g_autofree char *new_key = NULL;
1723 
1724         next = qdict_next(qdict, ent);
1725         if (!strchr(ent->key, '_')) {
1726             continue;
1727         }
1728         new_key = g_strdup(ent->key);
1729         for (p = new_key; *p; p++) {
1730             if (*p == '_') {
1731                 *p = '-';
1732             }
1733         }
1734         if (qdict_haskey(qdict, new_key)) {
1735             error_setg(errp, "Conflict between '%s' and '%s'", ent->key, new_key);
1736             return;
1737         }
1738         qobject_ref(ent->value);
1739         qdict_put_obj(qdict, new_key, ent->value);
1740         qdict_del(qdict, ent->key);
1741     }
1742 }
1743 
1744 static void qemu_apply_legacy_machine_options(QDict *qdict)
1745 {
1746     const char *value;
1747     QObject *prop;
1748 
1749     keyval_dashify(qdict, &error_fatal);
1750 
1751     /* Legacy options do not correspond to MachineState properties.  */
1752     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "accel");
1753     if (value) {
1754         accelerators = g_strdup(value);
1755         qdict_del(qdict, "accel");
1756     }
1757 
1758     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "igd-passthru");
1759     if (value) {
1760         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("xen"), "igd-passthru", value,
1761                                    false);
1762         qdict_del(qdict, "igd-passthru");
1763     }
1764 
1765     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "kvm-shadow-mem");
1766     if (value) {
1767         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("kvm"), "kvm-shadow-mem", value,
1768                                    false);
1769         qdict_del(qdict, "kvm-shadow-mem");
1770     }
1771 
1772     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "kernel-irqchip");
1773     if (value) {
1774         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("kvm"), "kernel-irqchip", value,
1775                                    false);
1776         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("whpx"), "kernel-irqchip", value,
1777                                    false);
1778         qdict_del(qdict, "kernel-irqchip");
1779     }
1780 
1781     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "memory-backend");
1782     if (value) {
1783         if (mem_path) {
1784             error_report("'-mem-path' can't be used together with"
1785                          "'-machine memory-backend'");
1786             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1787         }
1788 
1789         /* Resolved later.  */
1790         ram_memdev_id = g_strdup(value);
1791         qdict_del(qdict, "memory-backend");
1792     }
1793 
1794     prop = qdict_get(qdict, "memory");
1795     if (prop) {
1796         have_custom_ram_size =
1797             qobject_type(prop) == QTYPE_QDICT &&
1798             qdict_haskey(qobject_to(QDict, prop), "size");
1799     }
1800 }
1801 
1802 static void object_option_foreach_add(bool (*type_opt_predicate)(const char *))
1803 {
1804     ObjectOption *opt, *next;
1805 
1806     QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(opt, &object_opts, next, next) {
1807         const char *type = ObjectType_str(opt->opts->qom_type);
1808         if (type_opt_predicate(type)) {
1809             user_creatable_add_qapi(opt->opts, &error_fatal);
1810             qapi_free_ObjectOptions(opt->opts);
1811             QTAILQ_REMOVE(&object_opts, opt, next);
1812             g_free(opt);
1813         }
1814     }
1815 }
1816 
1817 static void object_option_add_visitor(Visitor *v)
1818 {
1819     ObjectOption *opt = g_new0(ObjectOption, 1);
1820     visit_type_ObjectOptions(v, NULL, &opt->opts, &error_fatal);
1821     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&object_opts, opt, next);
1822 }
1823 
1824 static void object_option_parse(const char *str)
1825 {
1826     QemuOpts *opts;
1827     const char *type;
1828     Visitor *v;
1829 
1830     if (str[0] == '{') {
1831         QObject *obj = qobject_from_json(str, &error_fatal);
1832 
1833         v = qobject_input_visitor_new(obj);
1834         qobject_unref(obj);
1835     } else {
1836         opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("object"),
1837                                        str, true);
1838         if (!opts) {
1839             exit(1);
1840         }
1841 
1842         type = qemu_opt_get(opts, "qom-type");
1843         if (!type) {
1844             error_setg(&error_fatal, QERR_MISSING_PARAMETER, "qom-type");
1845         }
1846         if (user_creatable_print_help(type, opts)) {
1847             exit(0);
1848         }
1849 
1850         v = opts_visitor_new(opts);
1851     }
1852 
1853     object_option_add_visitor(v);
1854     visit_free(v);
1855 }
1856 
1857 /*
1858  * Very early object creation, before the sandbox options have been activated.
1859  */
1860 static bool object_create_pre_sandbox(const char *type)
1861 {
1862     /*
1863      * Objects should in general not get initialized "too early" without
1864      * a reason. If you add one, state the reason in a comment!
1865      */
1866 
1867     /*
1868      * Reason: -sandbox on,resourcecontrol=deny disallows setting CPU
1869      * affinity of threads.
1870      */
1871     if (g_str_equal(type, "thread-context")) {
1872         return true;
1873     }
1874 
1875     return false;
1876 }
1877 
1878 /*
1879  * Initial object creation happens before all other
1880  * QEMU data types are created. The majority of objects
1881  * can be created at this point. The rng-egd object
1882  * cannot be created here, as it depends on the chardev
1883  * already existing.
1884  */
1885 static bool object_create_early(const char *type)
1886 {
1887     /*
1888      * Objects should not be made "delayed" without a reason.  If you
1889      * add one, state the reason in a comment!
1890      */
1891 
1892     /* Reason: already created. */
1893     if (object_create_pre_sandbox(type)) {
1894         return false;
1895     }
1896 
1897     /* Reason: property "chardev" */
1898     if (g_str_equal(type, "rng-egd") ||
1899         g_str_equal(type, "qtest")) {
1900         return false;
1901     }
1902 
1903 #if defined(CONFIG_VHOST_USER) && defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
1904     /* Reason: cryptodev-vhost-user property "chardev" */
1905     if (g_str_equal(type, "cryptodev-vhost-user")) {
1906         return false;
1907     }
1908 #endif
1909 
1910     /* Reason: vhost-user-blk-server property "node-name" */
1911     if (g_str_equal(type, "vhost-user-blk-server")) {
1912         return false;
1913     }
1914     /*
1915      * Reason: filter-* property "netdev" etc.
1916      */
1917     if (g_str_equal(type, "filter-buffer") ||
1918         g_str_equal(type, "filter-dump") ||
1919         g_str_equal(type, "filter-mirror") ||
1920         g_str_equal(type, "filter-redirector") ||
1921         g_str_equal(type, "colo-compare") ||
1922         g_str_equal(type, "filter-rewriter") ||
1923         g_str_equal(type, "filter-replay")) {
1924         return false;
1925     }
1926 
1927     /*
1928      * Allocation of large amounts of memory may delay
1929      * chardev initialization for too long, and trigger timeouts
1930      * on software that waits for a monitor socket to be created
1931      */
1932     if (g_str_has_prefix(type, "memory-backend-")) {
1933         return false;
1934     }
1935 
1936     return true;
1937 }
1938 
1939 static void qemu_apply_machine_options(QDict *qdict)
1940 {
1941     object_set_properties_from_keyval(OBJECT(current_machine), qdict, false, &error_fatal);
1942 
1943     if (semihosting_enabled(false) && !semihosting_get_argc()) {
1944         /* fall back to the -kernel/-append */
1945         semihosting_arg_fallback(current_machine->kernel_filename, current_machine->kernel_cmdline);
1946     }
1947 
1948     if (current_machine->smp.cpus > 1) {
1949         replay_add_blocker("multiple CPUs");
1950     }
1951 }
1952 
1953 static void qemu_create_early_backends(void)
1954 {
1955     MachineClass *machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
1956 #if defined(CONFIG_SDL)
1957     const bool use_sdl = (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_SDL);
1958 #else
1959     const bool use_sdl = false;
1960 #endif
1961 #if defined(CONFIG_GTK)
1962     const bool use_gtk = (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_GTK);
1963 #else
1964     const bool use_gtk = false;
1965 #endif
1966 
1967     if (dpy.has_window_close && !use_gtk && !use_sdl) {
1968         error_report("window-close is only valid for GTK and SDL, "
1969                      "ignoring option");
1970     }
1971 
1972     qemu_console_early_init();
1973 
1974     if (dpy.has_gl && dpy.gl != DISPLAYGL_MODE_OFF && display_opengl == 0) {
1975 #if defined(CONFIG_OPENGL)
1976         error_report("OpenGL is not supported by display backend '%s'",
1977                      DisplayType_str(dpy.type));
1978 #else
1979         error_report("OpenGL support was not enabled in this build of QEMU");
1980 #endif
1981         exit(1);
1982     }
1983 
1984     object_option_foreach_add(object_create_early);
1985 
1986     /* spice needs the timers to be initialized by this point */
1987     /* spice must initialize before audio as it changes the default audiodev */
1988     /* spice must initialize before chardevs (for spicevmc and spiceport) */
1989     qemu_spice.init();
1990 
1991     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("chardev"),
1992                       chardev_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
1993 
1994 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
1995     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("fsdev"),
1996                       fsdev_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
1997 #endif
1998 
1999     /*
2000      * Note: we need to create audio and block backends before
2001      * setting machine properties, so they can be referred to.
2002      */
2003     configure_blockdev(&bdo_queue, machine_class, snapshot);
2004     audio_init_audiodevs();
2005     if (default_audio) {
2006         audio_create_default_audiodevs();
2007     }
2008 }
2009 
2010 
2011 /*
2012  * The remainder of object creation happens after the
2013  * creation of chardev, fsdev, net clients and device data types.
2014  */
2015 static bool object_create_late(const char *type)
2016 {
2017     return !object_create_early(type) && !object_create_pre_sandbox(type);
2018 }
2019 
2020 static void qemu_create_late_backends(void)
2021 {
2022     if (qtest_chrdev) {
2023         qtest_server_init(qtest_chrdev, qtest_log, &error_fatal);
2024     }
2025 
2026     net_init_clients();
2027 
2028     object_option_foreach_add(object_create_late);
2029 
2030     /*
2031      * Wait for any outstanding memory prealloc from created memory
2032      * backends to complete.
2033      */
2034     if (!qemu_finish_async_prealloc_mem(&error_fatal)) {
2035         exit(1);
2036     }
2037 
2038     if (tpm_init() < 0) {
2039         exit(1);
2040     }
2041 
2042     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("mon"),
2043                       mon_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
2044 
2045     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, serial_parse) < 0)
2046         exit(1);
2047     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, parallel_parse) < 0)
2048         exit(1);
2049     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_DEBUGCON, debugcon_parse) < 0)
2050         exit(1);
2051 
2052     /* now chardevs have been created we may have semihosting to connect */
2053     qemu_semihosting_chardev_init();
2054 }
2055 
2056 static void qemu_resolve_machine_memdev(void)
2057 {
2058     if (ram_memdev_id) {
2059         Object *backend;
2060         ram_addr_t backend_size;
2061 
2062         backend = object_resolve_path_type(ram_memdev_id,
2063                                            TYPE_MEMORY_BACKEND, NULL);
2064         if (!backend) {
2065             error_report("Memory backend '%s' not found", ram_memdev_id);
2066             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2067         }
2068         if (!have_custom_ram_size) {
2069             backend_size = object_property_get_uint(backend, "size",  &error_abort);
2070             current_machine->ram_size = backend_size;
2071         }
2072         object_property_set_link(OBJECT(current_machine),
2073                                  "memory-backend", backend, &error_fatal);
2074     }
2075 }
2076 
2077 static void parse_memory_options(void)
2078 {
2079     QemuOpts *opts = qemu_find_opts_singleton("memory");
2080     QDict *dict, *prop;
2081     const char *mem_str;
2082     Location loc;
2083 
2084     loc_push_none(&loc);
2085     qemu_opts_loc_restore(opts);
2086 
2087     prop = qdict_new();
2088 
2089     if (qemu_opt_get_size(opts, "size", 0) != 0) {
2090         /* Fix up legacy suffix-less format */
2091         mem_str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "size");
2092         if (g_ascii_isdigit(mem_str[strlen(mem_str) - 1])) {
2093             g_autofree char *mib_str = g_strdup_printf("%sM", mem_str);
2094             qdict_put_str(prop, "size", mib_str);
2095         } else {
2096             qdict_put_str(prop, "size", mem_str);
2097         }
2098     }
2099 
2100     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "maxmem")) {
2101         qdict_put_str(prop, "max-size", qemu_opt_get(opts, "maxmem"));
2102     }
2103     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "slots")) {
2104         qdict_put_str(prop, "slots", qemu_opt_get(opts, "slots"));
2105     }
2106 
2107     dict = qdict_new();
2108     qdict_put(dict, "memory", prop);
2109     keyval_merge(machine_opts_dict, dict, &error_fatal);
2110     qobject_unref(dict);
2111     loc_pop(&loc);
2112 }
2113 
2114 static void qemu_create_machine(QDict *qdict)
2115 {
2116     MachineClass *machine_class = select_machine(qdict, &error_fatal);
2117     object_set_machine_compat_props(machine_class->compat_props);
2118 
2119     current_machine = MACHINE(object_new_with_class(OBJECT_CLASS(machine_class)));
2120     object_property_add_child(object_get_root(), "machine",
2121                               OBJECT(current_machine));
2122     object_property_add_child(container_get(OBJECT(current_machine),
2123                                             "/unattached"),
2124                               "sysbus", OBJECT(sysbus_get_default()));
2125 
2126     if (machine_class->minimum_page_bits) {
2127         if (!set_preferred_target_page_bits(machine_class->minimum_page_bits)) {
2128             /* This would be a board error: specifying a minimum smaller than
2129              * a target's compile-time fixed setting.
2130              */
2131             g_assert_not_reached();
2132         }
2133     }
2134 
2135     cpu_exec_init_all();
2136 
2137     if (machine_class->hw_version) {
2138         qemu_set_hw_version(machine_class->hw_version);
2139     }
2140 
2141     /*
2142      * Get the default machine options from the machine if it is not already
2143      * specified either by the configuration file or by the command line.
2144      */
2145     if (machine_class->default_machine_opts) {
2146         QDict *default_opts =
2147             keyval_parse(machine_class->default_machine_opts, NULL, NULL,
2148                          &error_abort);
2149         qemu_apply_legacy_machine_options(default_opts);
2150         object_set_properties_from_keyval(OBJECT(current_machine), default_opts,
2151                                           false, &error_abort);
2152         qobject_unref(default_opts);
2153     }
2154 }
2155 
2156 static int global_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2157 {
2158     GlobalProperty *g;
2159 
2160     g = g_malloc0(sizeof(*g));
2161     g->driver   = qemu_opt_get(opts, "driver");
2162     g->property = qemu_opt_get(opts, "property");
2163     g->value    = qemu_opt_get(opts, "value");
2164     qdev_prop_register_global(g);
2165     return 0;
2166 }
2167 
2168 /*
2169  * Return whether configuration group @group is stored in QemuOpts, or
2170  * recorded as one or more QDicts by qemu_record_config_group.
2171  */
2172 static bool is_qemuopts_group(const char *group)
2173 {
2174     if (g_str_equal(group, "object") ||
2175         g_str_equal(group, "audiodev") ||
2176         g_str_equal(group, "machine") ||
2177         g_str_equal(group, "smp-opts") ||
2178         g_str_equal(group, "boot-opts")) {
2179         return false;
2180     }
2181     return true;
2182 }
2183 
2184 static void qemu_record_config_group(const char *group, QDict *dict,
2185                                      bool from_json, Error **errp)
2186 {
2187     if (g_str_equal(group, "object")) {
2188         Visitor *v = qobject_input_visitor_new_keyval(QOBJECT(dict));
2189         object_option_add_visitor(v);
2190         visit_free(v);
2191 
2192     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "audiodev")) {
2193         Audiodev *dev = NULL;
2194         Visitor *v = qobject_input_visitor_new_keyval(QOBJECT(dict));
2195         if (visit_type_Audiodev(v, NULL, &dev, errp)) {
2196             audio_define(dev);
2197         }
2198         visit_free(v);
2199 
2200     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "machine")) {
2201         /*
2202          * Cannot merge string-valued and type-safe dictionaries, so JSON
2203          * is not accepted yet for -M.
2204          */
2205         assert(!from_json);
2206         keyval_merge(machine_opts_dict, dict, errp);
2207     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "smp-opts")) {
2208         machine_merge_property("smp", dict, &error_fatal);
2209     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "boot-opts")) {
2210         machine_merge_property("boot", dict, &error_fatal);
2211     } else {
2212         abort();
2213     }
2214 }
2215 
2216 /*
2217  * Parse non-QemuOpts config file groups, pass the rest to
2218  * qemu_config_do_parse.
2219  */
2220 static void qemu_parse_config_group(const char *group, QDict *qdict,
2221                                     void *opaque, Error **errp)
2222 {
2223     QObject *crumpled;
2224     if (is_qemuopts_group(group)) {
2225         qemu_config_do_parse(group, qdict, opaque, errp);
2226         return;
2227     }
2228 
2229     crumpled = qdict_crumple(qdict, errp);
2230     if (!crumpled) {
2231         return;
2232     }
2233     switch (qobject_type(crumpled)) {
2234     case QTYPE_QDICT:
2235         qemu_record_config_group(group, qobject_to(QDict, crumpled), false, errp);
2236         break;
2237     case QTYPE_QLIST:
2238         error_setg(errp, "Lists cannot be at top level of a configuration section");
2239         break;
2240     default:
2241         g_assert_not_reached();
2242     }
2243     qobject_unref(crumpled);
2244 }
2245 
2246 static void qemu_read_default_config_file(Error **errp)
2247 {
2248     ERRP_GUARD();
2249     int ret;
2250     g_autofree char *file = get_relocated_path(CONFIG_QEMU_CONFDIR "/qemu.conf");
2251 
2252     ret = qemu_read_config_file(file, qemu_parse_config_group, errp);
2253     if (ret < 0) {
2254         if (ret == -ENOENT) {
2255             error_free(*errp);
2256             *errp = NULL;
2257         }
2258     }
2259 }
2260 
2261 static void qemu_set_option(const char *str, Error **errp)
2262 {
2263     char group[64], id[64], arg[64];
2264     QemuOptsList *list;
2265     QemuOpts *opts;
2266     int rc, offset;
2267 
2268     rc = sscanf(str, "%63[^.].%63[^.].%63[^=]%n", group, id, arg, &offset);
2269     if (rc < 3 || str[offset] != '=') {
2270         error_setg(errp, "can't parse: \"%s\"", str);
2271         return;
2272     }
2273 
2274     if (!is_qemuopts_group(group)) {
2275         error_setg(errp, "-set is not supported with %s", group);
2276     } else {
2277         list = qemu_find_opts_err(group, errp);
2278         if (list) {
2279             opts = qemu_opts_find(list, id);
2280             if (!opts) {
2281                 error_setg(errp, "there is no %s \"%s\" defined", group, id);
2282                 return;
2283             }
2284             qemu_opt_set(opts, arg, str + offset + 1, errp);
2285         }
2286     }
2287 }
2288 
2289 static void user_register_global_props(void)
2290 {
2291     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("global"),
2292                       global_init_func, NULL, NULL);
2293 }
2294 
2295 static int do_configure_icount(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2296 {
2297     return !icount_configure(opts, errp);
2298 }
2299 
2300 static int accelerator_set_property(void *opaque,
2301                                 const char *name, const char *value,
2302                                 Error **errp)
2303 {
2304     return object_parse_property_opt(opaque, name, value, "accel", errp);
2305 }
2306 
2307 static int do_configure_accelerator(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2308 {
2309     bool *p_init_failed = opaque;
2310     const char *acc = qemu_opt_get(opts, "accel");
2311     AccelClass *ac = accel_find(acc);
2312     AccelState *accel;
2313     int ret;
2314     bool qtest_with_kvm;
2315 
2316     if (!acc) {
2317         error_setg(errp, QERR_MISSING_PARAMETER, "accel");
2318         goto bad;
2319     }
2320 
2321     qtest_with_kvm = g_str_equal(acc, "kvm") && qtest_chrdev != NULL;
2322 
2323     if (!ac) {
2324         if (!qtest_with_kvm) {
2325             error_report("invalid accelerator %s", acc);
2326         }
2327         goto bad;
2328     }
2329     accel = ACCEL(object_new_with_class(OBJECT_CLASS(ac)));
2330     object_apply_compat_props(OBJECT(accel));
2331     qemu_opt_foreach(opts, accelerator_set_property,
2332                      accel,
2333                      &error_fatal);
2334 
2335     ret = accel_init_machine(accel, current_machine);
2336     if (ret < 0) {
2337         if (!qtest_with_kvm || ret != -ENOENT) {
2338             error_report("failed to initialize %s: %s", acc, strerror(-ret));
2339         }
2340         goto bad;
2341     }
2342 
2343     return 1;
2344 
2345 bad:
2346     *p_init_failed = true;
2347     return 0;
2348 }
2349 
2350 static void configure_accelerators(const char *progname)
2351 {
2352     bool init_failed = false;
2353 
2354     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("icount"),
2355                       do_configure_icount, NULL, &error_fatal);
2356 
2357     if (QTAILQ_EMPTY(&qemu_accel_opts.head)) {
2358         char **accel_list, **tmp;
2359 
2360         if (accelerators == NULL) {
2361             /* Select the default accelerator */
2362             bool have_tcg = accel_find("tcg");
2363             bool have_kvm = accel_find("kvm");
2364 
2365             if (have_tcg && have_kvm) {
2366                 if (g_str_has_suffix(progname, "kvm")) {
2367                     /* If the program name ends with "kvm", we prefer KVM */
2368                     accelerators = "kvm:tcg";
2369                 } else {
2370                     accelerators = "tcg:kvm";
2371                 }
2372             } else if (have_kvm) {
2373                 accelerators = "kvm";
2374             } else if (have_tcg) {
2375                 accelerators = "tcg";
2376             } else {
2377                 error_report("No accelerator selected and"
2378                              " no default accelerator available");
2379                 exit(1);
2380             }
2381         }
2382         accel_list = g_strsplit(accelerators, ":", 0);
2383 
2384         for (tmp = accel_list; *tmp; tmp++) {
2385             /*
2386              * Filter invalid accelerators here, to prevent obscenities
2387              * such as "-machine accel=tcg,,thread=single".
2388              */
2389             if (accel_find(*tmp)) {
2390                 qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("accel"), *tmp, true);
2391             } else {
2392                 init_failed = true;
2393                 error_report("invalid accelerator %s", *tmp);
2394             }
2395         }
2396         g_strfreev(accel_list);
2397     } else {
2398         if (accelerators != NULL) {
2399             error_report("The -accel and \"-machine accel=\" options are incompatible");
2400             exit(1);
2401         }
2402     }
2403 
2404     if (!qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("accel"),
2405                            do_configure_accelerator, &init_failed, &error_fatal)) {
2406         if (!init_failed) {
2407             error_report("no accelerator found");
2408         }
2409         exit(1);
2410     }
2411 
2412     if (init_failed && !qtest_chrdev) {
2413         error_report("falling back to %s", current_accel_name());
2414     }
2415 
2416     if (icount_enabled() && !tcg_enabled()) {
2417         error_report("-icount is not allowed with hardware virtualization");
2418         exit(1);
2419     }
2420 }
2421 
2422 static void qemu_validate_options(const QDict *machine_opts)
2423 {
2424     const char *kernel_filename = qdict_get_try_str(machine_opts, "kernel");
2425     const char *initrd_filename = qdict_get_try_str(machine_opts, "initrd");
2426     const char *kernel_cmdline = qdict_get_try_str(machine_opts, "append");
2427 
2428     if (kernel_filename == NULL) {
2429          if (kernel_cmdline != NULL) {
2430               error_report("-append only allowed with -kernel option");
2431               exit(1);
2432           }
2433 
2434           if (initrd_filename != NULL) {
2435               error_report("-initrd only allowed with -kernel option");
2436               exit(1);
2437           }
2438     }
2439 
2440     if (loadvm && incoming) {
2441         error_report("'incoming' and 'loadvm' options are mutually exclusive");
2442         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2443     }
2444     if (loadvm && preconfig_requested) {
2445         error_report("'preconfig' and 'loadvm' options are "
2446                      "mutually exclusive");
2447         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2448     }
2449     if (incoming && preconfig_requested && strcmp(incoming, "defer") != 0) {
2450         error_report("'preconfig' supports '-incoming defer' only");
2451         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2452     }
2453 
2454 #ifdef CONFIG_CURSES
2455     if (is_daemonized() && dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_CURSES) {
2456         error_report("curses display cannot be used with -daemonize");
2457         exit(1);
2458     }
2459 #endif
2460 }
2461 
2462 static void qemu_process_sugar_options(void)
2463 {
2464     if (mem_prealloc) {
2465         QObject *smp = qdict_get(machine_opts_dict, "smp");
2466         if (smp && qobject_type(smp) == QTYPE_QDICT) {
2467             QObject *cpus = qdict_get(qobject_to(QDict, smp), "cpus");
2468             if (cpus && qobject_type(cpus) == QTYPE_QSTRING) {
2469                 const char *val = qstring_get_str(qobject_to(QString, cpus));
2470                 object_register_sugar_prop("memory-backend", "prealloc-threads",
2471                                            val, false);
2472             }
2473         }
2474         object_register_sugar_prop("memory-backend", "prealloc", "on", false);
2475     }
2476 }
2477 
2478 /* -action processing */
2479 
2480 /*
2481  * Process all the -action parameters parsed from cmdline.
2482  */
2483 static int process_runstate_actions(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2484 {
2485     Error *local_err = NULL;
2486     QDict *qdict = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
2487     QObject *ret = NULL;
2488     qmp_marshal_set_action(qdict, &ret, &local_err);
2489     qobject_unref(ret);
2490     qobject_unref(qdict);
2491     if (local_err) {
2492         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
2493         return 1;
2494     }
2495     return 0;
2496 }
2497 
2498 static void qemu_process_early_options(void)
2499 {
2500     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("name"),
2501                       parse_name, NULL, &error_fatal);
2502 
2503     object_option_foreach_add(object_create_pre_sandbox);
2504 
2505 #ifdef CONFIG_SECCOMP
2506     QemuOptsList *olist = qemu_find_opts_err("sandbox", NULL);
2507     if (olist) {
2508         qemu_opts_foreach(olist, parse_sandbox, NULL, &error_fatal);
2509     }
2510 #endif
2511 
2512     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("action"),
2513                           process_runstate_actions, NULL, &error_fatal)) {
2514         exit(1);
2515     }
2516 
2517 #ifndef _WIN32
2518     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
2519                       parse_add_fd, NULL, &error_fatal);
2520 
2521     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
2522                       cleanup_add_fd, NULL, &error_fatal);
2523 #endif
2524 
2525     /* Open the logfile at this point and set the log mask if necessary.  */
2526     {
2527         int mask = 0;
2528         if (log_mask) {
2529             mask = qemu_str_to_log_mask(log_mask);
2530             if (!mask) {
2531                 qemu_print_log_usage(stdout);
2532                 exit(1);
2533             }
2534         }
2535         qemu_set_log_filename_flags(log_file, mask, &error_fatal);
2536     }
2537 
2538     qemu_add_default_firmwarepath();
2539 }
2540 
2541 static void qemu_process_help_options(void)
2542 {
2543     /*
2544      * Check for -cpu help and -device help before we call select_machine(),
2545      * which will return an error if the architecture has no default machine
2546      * type and the user did not specify one, so that the user doesn't need
2547      * to say '-cpu help -machine something'.
2548      */
2549     if (cpu_option && is_help_option(cpu_option)) {
2550         list_cpus();
2551         exit(0);
2552     }
2553 
2554     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
2555                           device_help_func, NULL, NULL)) {
2556         exit(0);
2557     }
2558 
2559     /* -L help lists the data directories and exits. */
2560     if (list_data_dirs) {
2561         qemu_list_data_dirs();
2562         exit(0);
2563     }
2564 }
2565 
2566 static void qemu_maybe_daemonize(const char *pid_file)
2567 {
2568     Error *err = NULL;
2569 
2570     os_daemonize();
2571     rcu_disable_atfork();
2572 
2573     if (pid_file) {
2574         char *pid_file_realpath = NULL;
2575 
2576         if (!qemu_write_pidfile(pid_file, &err)) {
2577             error_reportf_err(err, "cannot create PID file: ");
2578             exit(1);
2579         }
2580 
2581         pid_file_realpath = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX);
2582         if (!realpath(pid_file, pid_file_realpath)) {
2583             if (errno != ENOENT) {
2584                 warn_report("not removing PID file on exit: cannot resolve PID "
2585                             "file path: %s: %s", pid_file, strerror(errno));
2586             }
2587             return;
2588         }
2589 
2590         qemu_unlink_pidfile_notifier = (struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier) {
2591             .notifier = {
2592                 .notify = qemu_unlink_pidfile,
2593             },
2594             .pid_file_realpath = pid_file_realpath,
2595         };
2596         qemu_add_exit_notifier(&qemu_unlink_pidfile_notifier.notifier);
2597     }
2598 }
2599 
2600 static void qemu_init_displays(void)
2601 {
2602     DisplayState *ds;
2603 
2604     /* init local displays */
2605     ds = init_displaystate();
2606     qemu_display_init(ds, &dpy);
2607 
2608     /* must be after terminal init, SDL library changes signal handlers */
2609     os_setup_signal_handling();
2610 
2611     /* init remote displays */
2612 #ifdef CONFIG_VNC
2613     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("vnc"),
2614                       vnc_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
2615 #endif
2616 
2617     if (using_spice) {
2618         qemu_spice.display_init();
2619     }
2620 }
2621 
2622 static void qemu_init_board(void)
2623 {
2624     /* process plugin before CPUs are created, but once -smp has been parsed */
2625     qemu_plugin_load_list(&plugin_list, &error_fatal);
2626 
2627     /* From here on we enter MACHINE_PHASE_INITIALIZED.  */
2628     machine_run_board_init(current_machine, mem_path, &error_fatal);
2629 
2630     drive_check_orphaned();
2631 
2632     realtime_init();
2633 }
2634 
2635 static void qemu_create_cli_devices(void)
2636 {
2637     DeviceOption *opt;
2638 
2639     soundhw_init();
2640 
2641     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("fw_cfg"),
2642                       parse_fw_cfg, fw_cfg_find(), &error_fatal);
2643 
2644     /* init USB devices */
2645     if (machine_usb(current_machine)) {
2646         if (foreach_device_config(DEV_USB, usb_parse) < 0)
2647             exit(1);
2648     }
2649 
2650     /* init generic devices */
2651     rom_set_order_override(FW_CFG_ORDER_OVERRIDE_DEVICE);
2652     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
2653                       device_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
2654     QTAILQ_FOREACH(opt, &device_opts, next) {
2655         DeviceState *dev;
2656         loc_push_restore(&opt->loc);
2657         /*
2658          * TODO Eventually we should call qmp_device_add() here to make sure it
2659          * behaves the same, but QMP still has to accept incorrectly typed
2660          * options until libvirt is fixed and we want to be strict on the CLI
2661          * from the start, so call qdev_device_add_from_qdict() directly for
2662          * now.
2663          */
2664         dev = qdev_device_add_from_qdict(opt->opts, true, &error_fatal);
2665         object_unref(OBJECT(dev));
2666         loc_pop(&opt->loc);
2667     }
2668     rom_reset_order_override();
2669 }
2670 
2671 static bool qemu_machine_creation_done(Error **errp)
2672 {
2673     MachineState *machine = MACHINE(qdev_get_machine());
2674 
2675     /* Did we create any drives that we failed to create a device for? */
2676     drive_check_orphaned();
2677 
2678     /* Don't warn about the default network setup that you get if
2679      * no command line -net or -netdev options are specified. There
2680      * are two cases that we would otherwise complain about:
2681      * (1) board doesn't support a NIC but the implicit "-net nic"
2682      * requested one
2683      * (2) CONFIG_SLIRP not set, in which case the implicit "-net nic"
2684      * sets up a nic that isn't connected to anything.
2685      */
2686     if (!default_net && (!qtest_enabled() || has_defaults)) {
2687         net_check_clients();
2688     }
2689 
2690     qdev_prop_check_globals();
2691 
2692     qdev_machine_creation_done();
2693 
2694     if (machine->cgs && !machine->cgs->ready) {
2695         error_setg(errp, "accelerator does not support confidential guest %s",
2696                    object_get_typename(OBJECT(machine->cgs)));
2697         exit(1);
2698     }
2699 
2700     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_GDB, gdbserver_start) < 0) {
2701         error_setg(errp, "could not start gdbserver");
2702         return false;
2703     }
2704     if (!vga_interface_created && !default_vga &&
2705         vga_interface_type != VGA_NONE) {
2706         warn_report("A -vga option was passed but this machine "
2707                     "type does not use that option; "
2708                     "No VGA device has been created");
2709     }
2710     return true;
2711 }
2712 
2713 void qmp_x_exit_preconfig(Error **errp)
2714 {
2715     if (phase_check(PHASE_MACHINE_INITIALIZED)) {
2716         error_setg(errp, "The command is permitted only before machine initialization");
2717         return;
2718     }
2719 
2720     qemu_init_board();
2721     qemu_create_cli_devices();
2722     if (!qemu_machine_creation_done(errp)) {
2723         return;
2724     }
2725 
2726     if (loadvm) {
2727         RunState state = autostart ? RUN_STATE_RUNNING : runstate_get();
2728         load_snapshot(loadvm, NULL, false, NULL, &error_fatal);
2729         load_snapshot_resume(state);
2730     }
2731     if (replay_mode != REPLAY_MODE_NONE) {
2732         replay_vmstate_init();
2733     }
2734 
2735     if (incoming) {
2736         Error *local_err = NULL;
2737         if (strcmp(incoming, "defer") != 0) {
2738             qmp_migrate_incoming(incoming, false, NULL, true, true,
2739                                  &local_err);
2740             if (local_err) {
2741                 error_reportf_err(local_err, "-incoming %s: ", incoming);
2742                 exit(1);
2743             }
2744         }
2745     } else if (autostart) {
2746         qmp_cont(NULL);
2747     }
2748 }
2749 
2750 void qemu_init(int argc, char **argv)
2751 {
2752     QemuOpts *opts;
2753     QemuOpts *icount_opts = NULL, *accel_opts = NULL;
2754     QemuOptsList *olist;
2755     int optind;
2756     const char *optarg;
2757     MachineClass *machine_class;
2758     bool userconfig = true;
2759     FILE *vmstate_dump_file = NULL;
2760 
2761     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_drive_opts);
2762     qemu_add_drive_opts(&qemu_legacy_drive_opts);
2763     qemu_add_drive_opts(&qemu_common_drive_opts);
2764     qemu_add_drive_opts(&qemu_drive_opts);
2765     qemu_add_drive_opts(&bdrv_runtime_opts);
2766     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_chardev_opts);
2767     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_device_opts);
2768     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_netdev_opts);
2769     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_nic_opts);
2770     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_net_opts);
2771     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_rtc_opts);
2772     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_global_opts);
2773     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_mon_opts);
2774     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
2775     qemu_plugin_add_opts();
2776     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_option_rom_opts);
2777     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_accel_opts);
2778     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_mem_opts);
2779     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_smp_opts);
2780     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_boot_opts);
2781     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_add_fd_opts);
2782     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
2783     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_tpmdev_opts);
2784     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_overcommit_opts);
2785     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_msg_opts);
2786     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_name_opts);
2787     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_numa_opts);
2788     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_icount_opts);
2789     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_semihosting_config_opts);
2790     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_fw_cfg_opts);
2791     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_action_opts);
2792     qemu_add_run_with_opts();
2793     module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_OPTS);
2794 
2795     error_init(argv[0]);
2796     qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
2797 
2798     os_setup_limits();
2799 
2800     qemu_init_arch_modules();
2801 
2802     qemu_init_subsystems();
2803 
2804     /* first pass of option parsing */
2805     optind = 1;
2806     while (optind < argc) {
2807         if (argv[optind][0] != '-') {
2808             /* disk image */
2809             optind++;
2810         } else {
2811             const QEMUOption *popt;
2812 
2813             popt = lookup_opt(argc, argv, &optarg, &optind);
2814             switch (popt->index) {
2815             case QEMU_OPTION_nouserconfig:
2816                 userconfig = false;
2817                 break;
2818             }
2819         }
2820     }
2821 
2822     machine_opts_dict = qdict_new();
2823     if (userconfig) {
2824         qemu_read_default_config_file(&error_fatal);
2825     }
2826 
2827     /* second pass of option parsing */
2828     optind = 1;
2829     for(;;) {
2830         if (optind >= argc)
2831             break;
2832         if (argv[optind][0] != '-') {
2833             loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind, 1);
2834             drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, 0, argv[optind++], HD_OPTS);
2835         } else {
2836             const QEMUOption *popt;
2837 
2838             popt = lookup_opt(argc, argv, &optarg, &optind);
2839             if (!(popt->arch_mask & arch_type)) {
2840                 error_report("Option not supported for this target");
2841                 exit(1);
2842             }
2843             switch(popt->index) {
2844             case QEMU_OPTION_cpu:
2845                 /* hw initialization will check this */
2846                 cpu_option = optarg;
2847                 break;
2848             case QEMU_OPTION_hda:
2849             case QEMU_OPTION_hdb:
2850             case QEMU_OPTION_hdc:
2851             case QEMU_OPTION_hdd:
2852                 drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, popt->index - QEMU_OPTION_hda, optarg,
2853                           HD_OPTS);
2854                 break;
2855             case QEMU_OPTION_blockdev:
2856                 {
2857                     Visitor *v;
2858                     BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry *bdo;
2859 
2860                     v = qobject_input_visitor_new_str(optarg, "driver",
2861                                                       &error_fatal);
2862 
2863                     bdo = g_new(BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry, 1);
2864                     visit_type_BlockdevOptions(v, NULL, &bdo->bdo,
2865                                                &error_fatal);
2866                     visit_free(v);
2867                     loc_save(&bdo->loc);
2868                     QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&bdo_queue, bdo, entry);
2869                     break;
2870                 }
2871             case QEMU_OPTION_drive:
2872                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("drive"),
2873                                                optarg, false);
2874                 if (opts == NULL) {
2875                     exit(1);
2876                 }
2877                 break;
2878             case QEMU_OPTION_set:
2879                 qemu_set_option(optarg, &error_fatal);
2880                 break;
2881             case QEMU_OPTION_global:
2882                 if (qemu_global_option(optarg) != 0)
2883                     exit(1);
2884                 break;
2885             case QEMU_OPTION_mtdblock:
2886                 drive_add(IF_MTD, -1, optarg, MTD_OPTS);
2887                 break;
2888             case QEMU_OPTION_sd:
2889                 drive_add(IF_SD, -1, optarg, SD_OPTS);
2890                 break;
2891             case QEMU_OPTION_pflash:
2892                 drive_add(IF_PFLASH, -1, optarg, PFLASH_OPTS);
2893                 break;
2894             case QEMU_OPTION_snapshot:
2895                 snapshot = 1;
2896                 replay_add_blocker("-snapshot");
2897                 break;
2898             case QEMU_OPTION_numa:
2899                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("numa"),
2900                                                optarg, true);
2901                 if (!opts) {
2902                     exit(1);
2903                 }
2904                 break;
2905             case QEMU_OPTION_display:
2906                 parse_display(optarg);
2907                 break;
2908             case QEMU_OPTION_nographic:
2909                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "graphics", "off");
2910                 nographic = true;
2911                 dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_NONE;
2912                 break;
2913             case QEMU_OPTION_portrait:
2914                 graphic_rotate = 90;
2915                 break;
2916             case QEMU_OPTION_rotate:
2917                 graphic_rotate = strtol(optarg, (char **) &optarg, 10);
2918                 if (graphic_rotate != 0 && graphic_rotate != 90 &&
2919                     graphic_rotate != 180 && graphic_rotate != 270) {
2920                     error_report("only 90, 180, 270 deg rotation is available");
2921                     exit(1);
2922                 }
2923                 break;
2924             case QEMU_OPTION_kernel:
2925                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "kernel", optarg);
2926                 break;
2927             case QEMU_OPTION_initrd:
2928                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "initrd", optarg);
2929                 break;
2930             case QEMU_OPTION_append:
2931                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "append", optarg);
2932                 break;
2933             case QEMU_OPTION_dtb:
2934                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "dtb", optarg);
2935                 break;
2936             case QEMU_OPTION_cdrom:
2937                 drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, 2, optarg, CDROM_OPTS);
2938                 break;
2939             case QEMU_OPTION_boot:
2940                 machine_parse_property_opt(qemu_find_opts("boot-opts"), "boot", optarg);
2941                 break;
2942             case QEMU_OPTION_fda:
2943             case QEMU_OPTION_fdb:
2944                 drive_add(IF_FLOPPY, popt->index - QEMU_OPTION_fda,
2945                           optarg, FD_OPTS);
2946                 break;
2947             case QEMU_OPTION_no_fd_bootchk:
2948                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "fd-bootchk", "off");
2949                 break;
2950             case QEMU_OPTION_netdev:
2951                 default_net = 0;
2952                 if (netdev_is_modern(optarg)) {
2953                     netdev_parse_modern(optarg);
2954                 } else {
2955                     net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("netdev"), optarg);
2956                 }
2957                 break;
2958             case QEMU_OPTION_nic:
2959                 default_net = 0;
2960                 net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("nic"), optarg);
2961                 break;
2962             case QEMU_OPTION_net:
2963                 default_net = 0;
2964                 net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("net"), optarg);
2965                 break;
2966 #ifdef CONFIG_LIBISCSI
2967             case QEMU_OPTION_iscsi:
2968                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("iscsi"),
2969                                                optarg, false);
2970                 if (!opts) {
2971                     exit(1);
2972                 }
2973                 break;
2974 #endif
2975             case QEMU_OPTION_audiodev:
2976                 default_audio = 0;
2977                 audio_parse_option(optarg);
2978                 break;
2979             case QEMU_OPTION_audio: {
2980                 bool help;
2981                 char *model = NULL;
2982                 Audiodev *dev = NULL;
2983                 Visitor *v;
2984                 QDict *dict = keyval_parse(optarg, "driver", &help, &error_fatal);
2985                 default_audio = 0;
2986                 if (help || (qdict_haskey(dict, "driver") &&
2987                              is_help_option(qdict_get_str(dict, "driver")))) {
2988                     audio_help();
2989                     exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
2990                 }
2991                 if (!qdict_haskey(dict, "id")) {
2992                     qdict_put_str(dict, "id", "audiodev0");
2993                 }
2994                 if (qdict_haskey(dict, "model")) {
2995                     model = g_strdup(qdict_get_str(dict, "model"));
2996                     qdict_del(dict, "model");
2997                     if (is_help_option(model)) {
2998                         show_valid_soundhw();
2999                         exit(0);
3000                     }
3001                 }
3002                 v = qobject_input_visitor_new_keyval(QOBJECT(dict));
3003                 qobject_unref(dict);
3004                 visit_type_Audiodev(v, NULL, &dev, &error_fatal);
3005                 visit_free(v);
3006                 if (model) {
3007                     audio_define(dev);
3008                     select_soundhw(model, dev->id);
3009                     g_free(model);
3010                 } else {
3011                     audio_define_default(dev, &error_fatal);
3012                 }
3013                 break;
3014             }
3015             case QEMU_OPTION_h:
3016                 help(0);
3017                 break;
3018             case QEMU_OPTION_version:
3019                 version();
3020                 exit(0);
3021                 break;
3022             case QEMU_OPTION_m:
3023                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("memory"), optarg, true);
3024                 if (opts == NULL) {
3025                     exit(1);
3026                 }
3027                 break;
3028 #ifdef CONFIG_TPM
3029             case QEMU_OPTION_tpmdev:
3030                 if (tpm_config_parse(qemu_find_opts("tpmdev"), optarg) < 0) {
3031                     exit(1);
3032                 }
3033                 break;
3034 #endif
3035             case QEMU_OPTION_mempath:
3036                 mem_path = optarg;
3037                 break;
3038             case QEMU_OPTION_mem_prealloc:
3039                 mem_prealloc = 1;
3040                 break;
3041             case QEMU_OPTION_d:
3042                 log_mask = optarg;
3043                 break;
3044             case QEMU_OPTION_D:
3045                 log_file = optarg;
3046                 break;
3047             case QEMU_OPTION_DFILTER:
3048                 qemu_set_dfilter_ranges(optarg, &error_fatal);
3049                 break;
3050 #if defined(CONFIG_TCG) && defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
3051             case QEMU_OPTION_perfmap:
3052                 perf_enable_perfmap();
3053                 break;
3054             case QEMU_OPTION_jitdump:
3055                 perf_enable_jitdump();
3056                 break;
3057 #endif
3058             case QEMU_OPTION_seed:
3059                 qemu_guest_random_seed_main(optarg, &error_fatal);
3060                 break;
3061             case QEMU_OPTION_s:
3062                 add_device_config(DEV_GDB, "tcp::" DEFAULT_GDBSTUB_PORT);
3063                 break;
3064             case QEMU_OPTION_gdb:
3065                 add_device_config(DEV_GDB, optarg);
3066                 break;
3067             case QEMU_OPTION_L:
3068                 if (is_help_option(optarg)) {
3069                     list_data_dirs = true;
3070                 } else {
3071                     qemu_add_data_dir(g_strdup(optarg));
3072                 }
3073                 break;
3074             case QEMU_OPTION_bios:
3075                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "firmware", optarg);
3076                 break;
3077             case QEMU_OPTION_S:
3078                 autostart = 0;
3079                 break;
3080             case QEMU_OPTION_k:
3081                 keyboard_layout = optarg;
3082                 break;
3083             case QEMU_OPTION_vga:
3084                 vga_model = optarg;
3085                 default_vga = 0;
3086                 break;
3087             case QEMU_OPTION_g:
3088                 {
3089                     const char *p;
3090                     int w, h, depth;
3091                     p = optarg;
3092                     w = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
3093                     if (w <= 0) {
3094                     graphic_error:
3095                         error_report("invalid resolution or depth");
3096                         exit(1);
3097                     }
3098                     if (*p != 'x')
3099                         goto graphic_error;
3100                     p++;
3101                     h = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
3102                     if (h <= 0)
3103                         goto graphic_error;
3104                     if (*p == 'x') {
3105                         p++;
3106                         depth = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
3107                         if (depth != 1 && depth != 2 && depth != 4 &&
3108                             depth != 8 && depth != 15 && depth != 16 &&
3109                             depth != 24 && depth != 32)
3110                             goto graphic_error;
3111                     } else if (*p == '\0') {
3112                         depth = graphic_depth;
3113                     } else {
3114                         goto graphic_error;
3115                     }
3116 
3117                     graphic_width = w;
3118                     graphic_height = h;
3119                     graphic_depth = depth;
3120                 }
3121                 break;
3122             case QEMU_OPTION_echr:
3123                 {
3124                     char *r;
3125                     term_escape_char = strtol(optarg, &r, 0);
3126                     if (r == optarg)
3127                         printf("Bad argument to echr\n");
3128                     break;
3129                 }
3130             case QEMU_OPTION_monitor:
3131                 default_monitor = 0;
3132                 if (strncmp(optarg, "none", 4)) {
3133                     monitor_parse(optarg, "readline", false);
3134                 }
3135                 break;
3136             case QEMU_OPTION_qmp:
3137                 monitor_parse(optarg, "control", false);
3138                 default_monitor = 0;
3139                 break;
3140             case QEMU_OPTION_qmp_pretty:
3141                 monitor_parse(optarg, "control", true);
3142                 default_monitor = 0;
3143                 break;
3144             case QEMU_OPTION_mon:
3145                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("mon"), optarg,
3146                                                true);
3147                 if (!opts) {
3148                     exit(1);
3149                 }
3150                 default_monitor = 0;
3151                 break;
3152             case QEMU_OPTION_chardev:
3153                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("chardev"),
3154                                                optarg, true);
3155                 if (!opts) {
3156                     exit(1);
3157                 }
3158                 break;
3159             case QEMU_OPTION_fsdev:
3160                 olist = qemu_find_opts("fsdev");
3161                 if (!olist) {
3162                     error_report("fsdev support is disabled");
3163                     exit(1);
3164                 }
3165                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
3166                 if (!opts) {
3167                     exit(1);
3168                 }
3169                 break;
3170             case QEMU_OPTION_virtfs: {
3171                 QemuOpts *fsdev;
3172                 QemuOpts *device;
3173                 const char *writeout, *sock_fd, *socket, *path, *security_model,
3174                            *multidevs;
3175 
3176                 olist = qemu_find_opts("virtfs");
3177                 if (!olist) {
3178                     error_report("virtfs support is disabled");
3179                     exit(1);
3180                 }
3181                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
3182                 if (!opts) {
3183                     exit(1);
3184                 }
3185 
3186                 if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "fsdriver") == NULL ||
3187                     qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag") == NULL) {
3188                     error_report("Usage: -virtfs fsdriver,mount_tag=tag");
3189                     exit(1);
3190                 }
3191                 fsdev = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("fsdev"),
3192                                          qemu_opts_id(opts) ?:
3193                                          qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"),
3194                                          1, NULL);
3195                 if (!fsdev) {
3196                     error_report("duplicate or invalid fsdev id: %s",
3197                                  qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"));
3198                     exit(1);
3199                 }
3200 
3201                 writeout = qemu_opt_get(opts, "writeout");
3202                 if (writeout) {
3203 #ifdef CONFIG_SYNC_FILE_RANGE
3204                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "writeout", writeout, &error_abort);
3205 #else
3206                     error_report("writeout=immediate not supported "
3207                                  "on this platform");
3208                     exit(1);
3209 #endif
3210                 }
3211                 qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "fsdriver",
3212                              qemu_opt_get(opts, "fsdriver"), &error_abort);
3213                 path = qemu_opt_get(opts, "path");
3214                 if (path) {
3215                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "path", path, &error_abort);
3216                 }
3217                 security_model = qemu_opt_get(opts, "security_model");
3218                 if (security_model) {
3219                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "security_model", security_model,
3220                                  &error_abort);
3221                 }
3222                 socket = qemu_opt_get(opts, "socket");
3223                 if (socket) {
3224                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "socket", socket, &error_abort);
3225                 }
3226                 sock_fd = qemu_opt_get(opts, "sock_fd");
3227                 if (sock_fd) {
3228                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "sock_fd", sock_fd, &error_abort);
3229                 }
3230 
3231                 qemu_opt_set_bool(fsdev, "readonly",
3232                                   qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "readonly", 0),
3233                                   &error_abort);
3234                 multidevs = qemu_opt_get(opts, "multidevs");
3235                 if (multidevs) {
3236                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "multidevs", multidevs, &error_abort);
3237                 }
3238                 device = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("device"), NULL, 0,
3239                                           &error_abort);
3240                 qemu_opt_set(device, "driver", "virtio-9p-pci", &error_abort);
3241                 qemu_opt_set(device, "fsdev",
3242                              qemu_opts_id(fsdev), &error_abort);
3243                 qemu_opt_set(device, "mount_tag",
3244                              qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"), &error_abort);
3245                 break;
3246             }
3247             case QEMU_OPTION_serial:
3248                 add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, optarg);
3249                 default_serial = 0;
3250                 if (strncmp(optarg, "mon:", 4) == 0) {
3251                     default_monitor = 0;
3252                 }
3253                 break;
3254             case QEMU_OPTION_action:
3255                 olist = qemu_find_opts("action");
3256                 if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, false)) {
3257                      exit(1);
3258                 }
3259                 break;
3260             case QEMU_OPTION_watchdog_action: {
3261                 opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("action"), NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3262                 qemu_opt_set(opts, "watchdog", optarg, &error_abort);
3263                 break;
3264             }
3265             case QEMU_OPTION_parallel:
3266                 add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, optarg);
3267                 default_parallel = 0;
3268                 if (strncmp(optarg, "mon:", 4) == 0) {
3269                     default_monitor = 0;
3270                 }
3271                 break;
3272             case QEMU_OPTION_debugcon:
3273                 add_device_config(DEV_DEBUGCON, optarg);
3274                 break;
3275             case QEMU_OPTION_loadvm:
3276                 loadvm = optarg;
3277                 break;
3278             case QEMU_OPTION_full_screen:
3279                 dpy.has_full_screen = true;
3280                 dpy.full_screen = true;
3281                 break;
3282             case QEMU_OPTION_pidfile:
3283                 pid_file = optarg;
3284                 break;
3285             case QEMU_OPTION_win2k_hack:
3286                 object_register_sugar_prop("ide-device", "win2k-install-hack", "true", true);
3287                 break;
3288             case QEMU_OPTION_acpitable:
3289                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("acpi"),
3290                                                optarg, true);
3291                 if (!opts) {
3292                     exit(1);
3293                 }
3294                 acpi_table_add(opts, &error_fatal);
3295                 break;
3296             case QEMU_OPTION_smbios:
3297                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("smbios"),
3298                                                optarg, false);
3299                 if (!opts) {
3300                     exit(1);
3301                 }
3302                 smbios_entry_add(opts, &error_fatal);
3303                 break;
3304             case QEMU_OPTION_fwcfg:
3305                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("fw_cfg"),
3306                                                optarg, true);
3307                 if (opts == NULL) {
3308                     exit(1);
3309                 }
3310                 break;
3311             case QEMU_OPTION_preconfig:
3312                 preconfig_requested = true;
3313                 break;
3314             case QEMU_OPTION_enable_kvm:
3315                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "accel", "kvm");
3316                 break;
3317             case QEMU_OPTION_M:
3318             case QEMU_OPTION_machine:
3319                 {
3320                     bool help;
3321 
3322                     keyval_parse_into(machine_opts_dict, optarg, "type", &help, &error_fatal);
3323                     if (help) {
3324                         machine_help_func(machine_opts_dict);
3325                         exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3326                     }
3327                     break;
3328                 }
3329             case QEMU_OPTION_accel:
3330                 accel_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("accel"),
3331                                                      optarg, true);
3332                 optarg = qemu_opt_get(accel_opts, "accel");
3333                 if (!optarg || is_help_option(optarg)) {
3334                     printf("Accelerators supported in QEMU binary:\n");
3335                     GSList *el, *accel_list = object_class_get_list(TYPE_ACCEL,
3336                                                                     false);
3337                     for (el = accel_list; el; el = el->next) {
3338                         gchar *typename = g_strdup(object_class_get_name(
3339                                                    OBJECT_CLASS(el->data)));
3340                         /* omit qtest which is used for tests only */
3341                         if (g_strcmp0(typename, ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("qtest")) &&
3342                             g_str_has_suffix(typename, ACCEL_CLASS_SUFFIX)) {
3343                             gchar **optname = g_strsplit(typename,
3344                                                          ACCEL_CLASS_SUFFIX, 0);
3345                             printf("%s\n", optname[0]);
3346                             g_strfreev(optname);
3347                         }
3348                         g_free(typename);
3349                     }
3350                     g_slist_free(accel_list);
3351                     exit(0);
3352                 }
3353                 break;
3354             case QEMU_OPTION_usb:
3355                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "usb", "on");
3356                 break;
3357             case QEMU_OPTION_usbdevice:
3358                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "usb", "on");
3359                 add_device_config(DEV_USB, optarg);
3360                 break;
3361             case QEMU_OPTION_device:
3362                 if (optarg[0] == '{') {
3363                     QObject *obj = qobject_from_json(optarg, &error_fatal);
3364                     DeviceOption *opt = g_new0(DeviceOption, 1);
3365                     opt->opts = qobject_to(QDict, obj);
3366                     loc_save(&opt->loc);
3367                     assert(opt->opts != NULL);
3368                     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&device_opts, opt, next);
3369                 } else {
3370                     if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("device"),
3371                                                  optarg, true)) {
3372                         exit(1);
3373                     }
3374                 }
3375                 break;
3376             case QEMU_OPTION_smp:
3377                 machine_parse_property_opt(qemu_find_opts("smp-opts"),
3378                                            "smp", optarg);
3379                 break;
3380 #ifdef CONFIG_VNC
3381             case QEMU_OPTION_vnc:
3382                 vnc_parse(optarg);
3383                 display_remote++;
3384                 break;
3385 #endif
3386             case QEMU_OPTION_no_reboot:
3387                 olist = qemu_find_opts("action");
3388                 qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, "reboot=shutdown", false);
3389                 break;
3390             case QEMU_OPTION_no_shutdown:
3391                 olist = qemu_find_opts("action");
3392                 qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, "shutdown=pause", false);
3393                 break;
3394             case QEMU_OPTION_uuid:
3395                 if (qemu_uuid_parse(optarg, &qemu_uuid) < 0) {
3396                     error_report("failed to parse UUID string: wrong format");
3397                     exit(1);
3398                 }
3399                 qemu_uuid_set = true;
3400                 break;
3401             case QEMU_OPTION_option_rom:
3402                 if (nb_option_roms >= MAX_OPTION_ROMS) {
3403                     error_report("too many option ROMs");
3404                     exit(1);
3405                 }
3406                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("option-rom"),
3407                                                optarg, true);
3408                 if (!opts) {
3409                     exit(1);
3410                 }
3411                 option_rom[nb_option_roms].name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "romfile");
3412                 option_rom[nb_option_roms].bootindex =
3413                     qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "bootindex", -1);
3414                 if (!option_rom[nb_option_roms].name) {
3415                     error_report("Option ROM file is not specified");
3416                     exit(1);
3417                 }
3418                 nb_option_roms++;
3419                 break;
3420             case QEMU_OPTION_semihosting:
3421                 qemu_semihosting_enable();
3422                 break;
3423             case QEMU_OPTION_semihosting_config:
3424                 if (qemu_semihosting_config_options(optarg) != 0) {
3425                     exit(1);
3426                 }
3427                 break;
3428             case QEMU_OPTION_name:
3429                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("name"),
3430                                                optarg, true);
3431                 if (!opts) {
3432                     exit(1);
3433                 }
3434                 /* Capture guest name if -msg guest-name is used later */
3435                 error_guest_name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "guest");
3436                 break;
3437             case QEMU_OPTION_prom_env:
3438                 if (nb_prom_envs >= MAX_PROM_ENVS) {
3439                     error_report("too many prom variables");
3440                     exit(1);
3441                 }
3442                 prom_envs[nb_prom_envs] = optarg;
3443                 nb_prom_envs++;
3444                 break;
3445             case QEMU_OPTION_old_param:
3446                 old_param = 1;
3447                 break;
3448             case QEMU_OPTION_rtc:
3449                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("rtc"), optarg,
3450                                                false);
3451                 if (!opts) {
3452                     exit(1);
3453                 }
3454                 break;
3455             case QEMU_OPTION_icount:
3456                 icount_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("icount"),
3457                                                       optarg, true);
3458                 if (!icount_opts) {
3459                     exit(1);
3460                 }
3461                 break;
3462             case QEMU_OPTION_incoming:
3463                 if (!incoming) {
3464                     runstate_set(RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE);
3465                 }
3466                 incoming = optarg;
3467                 break;
3468             case QEMU_OPTION_only_migratable:
3469                 only_migratable = 1;
3470                 break;
3471             case QEMU_OPTION_nodefaults:
3472                 has_defaults = 0;
3473                 break;
3474             case QEMU_OPTION_xen_domid:
3475                 if (!(accel_find("xen")) && !(accel_find("kvm"))) {
3476                     error_report("Option not supported for this target");
3477                     exit(1);
3478                 }
3479                 xen_domid = atoi(optarg);
3480                 break;
3481             case QEMU_OPTION_xen_attach:
3482                 if (!(accel_find("xen"))) {
3483                     error_report("Option not supported for this target");
3484                     exit(1);
3485                 }
3486                 xen_mode = XEN_ATTACH;
3487                 break;
3488             case QEMU_OPTION_xen_domid_restrict:
3489                 if (!(accel_find("xen"))) {
3490                     error_report("Option not supported for this target");
3491                     exit(1);
3492                 }
3493                 xen_domid_restrict = true;
3494                 break;
3495             case QEMU_OPTION_trace:
3496                 trace_opt_parse(optarg);
3497                 break;
3498             case QEMU_OPTION_plugin:
3499                 qemu_plugin_opt_parse(optarg, &plugin_list);
3500                 break;
3501             case QEMU_OPTION_readconfig:
3502                 qemu_read_config_file(optarg, qemu_parse_config_group, &error_fatal);
3503                 break;
3504 #ifdef CONFIG_SPICE
3505             case QEMU_OPTION_spice:
3506                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("spice"), optarg, false);
3507                 if (!opts) {
3508                     exit(1);
3509                 }
3510                 display_remote++;
3511                 break;
3512 #endif
3513             case QEMU_OPTION_qtest:
3514                 qtest_chrdev = optarg;
3515                 break;
3516             case QEMU_OPTION_qtest_log:
3517                 qtest_log = optarg;
3518                 break;
3519             case QEMU_OPTION_sandbox:
3520                 olist = qemu_find_opts("sandbox");
3521                 if (!olist) {
3522 #ifndef CONFIG_SECCOMP
3523                     error_report("-sandbox support is not enabled "
3524                                  "in this QEMU binary");
3525 #endif
3526                     exit(1);
3527                 }
3528 
3529                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
3530                 if (!opts) {
3531                     exit(1);
3532                 }
3533                 break;
3534             case QEMU_OPTION_add_fd:
3535 #ifndef _WIN32
3536                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
3537                                                optarg, false);
3538                 if (!opts) {
3539                     exit(1);
3540                 }
3541 #else
3542                 error_report("File descriptor passing is disabled on this "
3543                              "platform");
3544                 exit(1);
3545 #endif
3546                 break;
3547             case QEMU_OPTION_object:
3548                 object_option_parse(optarg);
3549                 break;
3550             case QEMU_OPTION_overcommit:
3551                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("overcommit"),
3552                                                optarg, false);
3553                 if (!opts) {
3554                     exit(1);
3555                 }
3556                 enable_mlock = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "mem-lock", enable_mlock);
3557                 enable_cpu_pm = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "cpu-pm", enable_cpu_pm);
3558                 break;
3559             case QEMU_OPTION_compat:
3560                 {
3561                     CompatPolicy *opts_policy;
3562                     Visitor *v;
3563 
3564                     v = qobject_input_visitor_new_str(optarg, NULL,
3565                                                       &error_fatal);
3566 
3567                     visit_type_CompatPolicy(v, NULL, &opts_policy, &error_fatal);
3568                     QAPI_CLONE_MEMBERS(CompatPolicy, &compat_policy, opts_policy);
3569 
3570                     qapi_free_CompatPolicy(opts_policy);
3571                     visit_free(v);
3572                     break;
3573                 }
3574             case QEMU_OPTION_msg:
3575                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("msg"), optarg,
3576                                                false);
3577                 if (!opts) {
3578                     exit(1);
3579                 }
3580                 configure_msg(opts);
3581                 break;
3582             case QEMU_OPTION_dump_vmstate:
3583                 if (vmstate_dump_file) {
3584                     error_report("only one '-dump-vmstate' "
3585                                  "option may be given");
3586                     exit(1);
3587                 }
3588                 vmstate_dump_file = fopen(optarg, "w");
3589                 if (vmstate_dump_file == NULL) {
3590                     error_report("open %s: %s", optarg, strerror(errno));
3591                     exit(1);
3592                 }
3593                 break;
3594             case QEMU_OPTION_enable_sync_profile:
3595                 qsp_enable();
3596                 break;
3597             case QEMU_OPTION_nouserconfig:
3598                 /* Nothing to be parsed here. Especially, do not error out below. */
3599                 break;
3600 #if defined(CONFIG_POSIX)
3601             case QEMU_OPTION_runas:
3602                 warn_report("-runas is deprecated, use '-run-with user=...' instead");
3603                 if (!os_set_runas(optarg)) {
3604                     error_report("User \"%s\" doesn't exist"
3605                                  " (and is not <uid>:<gid>)",
3606                                  optarg);
3607                     exit(1);
3608                 }
3609                 break;
3610             case QEMU_OPTION_daemonize:
3611                 os_set_daemonize(true);
3612                 break;
3613             case QEMU_OPTION_run_with: {
3614                 const char *str;
3615                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("run-with"),
3616                                                          optarg, false);
3617                 if (!opts) {
3618                     exit(1);
3619                 }
3620 #if defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
3621                 if (qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "async-teardown", false)) {
3622                     init_async_teardown();
3623                 }
3624 #endif
3625                 str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "chroot");
3626                 if (str) {
3627                     os_set_chroot(str);
3628                 }
3629                 str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "user");
3630                 if (str) {
3631                     if (!os_set_runas(str)) {
3632                         error_report("User \"%s\" doesn't exist"
3633                                      " (and is not <uid>:<gid>)",
3634                                      optarg);
3635                         exit(1);
3636                     }
3637                 }
3638 
3639                 break;
3640             }
3641 #endif /* CONFIG_POSIX */
3642 
3643             default:
3644                 error_report("Option not supported in this build");
3645                 exit(1);
3646             }
3647         }
3648     }
3649     /*
3650      * Clear error location left behind by the loop.
3651      * Best done right after the loop.  Do not insert code here!
3652      */
3653     loc_set_none();
3654 
3655     qemu_validate_options(machine_opts_dict);
3656     qemu_process_sugar_options();
3657 
3658     /*
3659      * These options affect everything else and should be processed
3660      * before daemonizing.
3661      */
3662     qemu_process_early_options();
3663 
3664     qemu_process_help_options();
3665     qemu_maybe_daemonize(pid_file);
3666 
3667     /*
3668      * The trace backend must be initialized after daemonizing.
3669      * trace_init_backends() will call st_init(), which will create the
3670      * trace thread in the parent, and also register st_flush_trace_buffer()
3671      * in atexit(). This function will force the parent to wait for the
3672      * writeout thread to finish, which will not occur, and the parent
3673      * process will be left in the host.
3674      */
3675     if (!trace_init_backends()) {
3676         exit(1);
3677     }
3678     trace_init_file();
3679 
3680     qemu_init_main_loop(&error_fatal);
3681     cpu_timers_init();
3682 
3683     user_register_global_props();
3684     replay_configure(icount_opts);
3685 
3686     configure_rtc(qemu_find_opts_singleton("rtc"));
3687 
3688     /* Transfer QemuOpts options into machine options */
3689     parse_memory_options();
3690 
3691     qemu_create_machine(machine_opts_dict);
3692 
3693     suspend_mux_open();
3694 
3695     qemu_disable_default_devices();
3696     qemu_setup_display();
3697     qemu_create_default_devices();
3698     qemu_create_early_backends();
3699 
3700     qemu_apply_legacy_machine_options(machine_opts_dict);
3701     qemu_apply_machine_options(machine_opts_dict);
3702     qobject_unref(machine_opts_dict);
3703     phase_advance(PHASE_MACHINE_CREATED);
3704 
3705     /*
3706      * Note: uses machine properties such as kernel-irqchip, must run
3707      * after qemu_apply_machine_options.
3708      */
3709     configure_accelerators(argv[0]);
3710     phase_advance(PHASE_ACCEL_CREATED);
3711 
3712     /*
3713      * Beware, QOM objects created before this point miss global and
3714      * compat properties.
3715      *
3716      * Global properties get set up by qdev_prop_register_global(),
3717      * called from user_register_global_props(), and certain option
3718      * desugaring.  Also in CPU feature desugaring (buried in
3719      * parse_cpu_option()), which happens below this point, but may
3720      * only target the CPU type, which can only be created after
3721      * parse_cpu_option() returned the type.
3722      *
3723      * Machine compat properties: object_set_machine_compat_props().
3724      * Accelerator compat props: object_set_accelerator_compat_props(),
3725      * called from do_configure_accelerator().
3726      */
3727 
3728     machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
3729     if (!qtest_enabled() && machine_class->deprecation_reason) {
3730         warn_report("Machine type '%s' is deprecated: %s",
3731                      machine_class->name, machine_class->deprecation_reason);
3732     }
3733 
3734     /*
3735      * Create backends before creating migration objects, so that it can
3736      * check against compatibilities on the backend memories (e.g. postcopy
3737      * over memory-backend-file objects).
3738      */
3739     qemu_create_late_backends();
3740     phase_advance(PHASE_LATE_BACKENDS_CREATED);
3741 
3742     /*
3743      * Note: creates a QOM object, must run only after global and
3744      * compat properties have been set up.
3745      */
3746     migration_object_init();
3747 
3748     /* parse features once if machine provides default cpu_type */
3749     current_machine->cpu_type = machine_class_default_cpu_type(machine_class);
3750     if (cpu_option) {
3751         current_machine->cpu_type = parse_cpu_option(cpu_option);
3752     }
3753     /* NB: for machine none cpu_type could STILL be NULL here! */
3754 
3755     qemu_resolve_machine_memdev();
3756     parse_numa_opts(current_machine);
3757 
3758     if (vmstate_dump_file) {
3759         /* dump and exit */
3760         module_load_qom_all();
3761         dump_vmstate_json_to_file(vmstate_dump_file);
3762         exit(0);
3763     }
3764 
3765     if (!preconfig_requested) {
3766         qmp_x_exit_preconfig(&error_fatal);
3767     }
3768     qemu_init_displays();
3769     accel_setup_post(current_machine);
3770     os_setup_post();
3771     resume_mux_open();
3772 }
3773