1 2 3 4CPIO(1L) CPIO(1L) 5 6 7NNAAMMEE 8 cpio - copy files to and from archives 9 10SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS 11 ccppiioo {-o|--create} [-0acvABLV] [-C bytes] [-H format] [-M 12 message] [-O [[user@]host:]archive] [-F 13 [[user@]host:]archive] [--file=[[user@]host:]archive] 14 [--format=format] [--message=message] [--null] [--reset- 15 access-time] [--verbose] [--dot] [--append] [--block- 16 size=blocks] [--dereference] [--io-size=bytes] [--help] 17 [--version] < name-list [> archive] 18 19 ccppiioo {-i|--extract} [-bcdfmnrtsuvBSV] [-C bytes] [-E file] 20 [-H format] [-M message] [-R [user][:.][group]] [-I 21 [[user@]host:]archive] [-F [[user@]host:]archive] 22 [--file=[[user@]host:]archive] [--make-directories] 23 [--nonmatching] [--preserve-modification-time] [--numeric- 24 uid-gid] [--rename] [--list] [--swap-bytes] [--swap] 25 [--dot] [--unconditional] [--verbose] [--block- 26 size=blocks] [--swap-halfwords] [--io-size=bytes] 27 [--pattern-file=file] [--format=format] 28 [--owner=[user][:.][group]] [--no-preserve-owner] 29 [--message=message] [--help] [--version] [pattern...] [< 30 archive] 31 32 ccppiioo {-p|--pass-through} [-0adlmuvLV] [-R 33 [user][:.][group]] [--null] [--reset-access-time] [--make- 34 directories] [--link] [--preserve-modification-time] 35 [--unconditional] [--verbose] [--dot] [--dereference] 36 [--owner=[user][:.][group]] [--no-preserve-owner] [--help] 37 [--version] destination-directory < name-list 38 39DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN 40 This manual page documents the GNU version of ccppiioo. ccppiioo 41 copies files into or out of a cpio or tar archive, which 42 is a file that contains other files plus information about 43 them, such as their pathname, owner, timestamps, and 44 access permissions. The archive can be another file on 45 the disk, a magnetic tape, or a pipe. ccppiioo has three 46 operating modes. 47 48 In copy-out mode, ccppiioo copies files into an archive. It 49 reads a list of filenames, one per line, on the standard 50 input, and writes the archive onto the standard output. A 51 typical way to generate the list of filenames is with the 52 ffiinndd command; you should give ffiinndd the -depth option to 53 minimize problems with permissions on directories that are 54 unwritable or not searchable. 55 56 In copy-in mode, ccppiioo copies files out of an archive or 57 lists the archive contents. It reads the archive from the 58 standard input. Any non-option command line arguments are 59 shell globbing patterns; only files in the archive whose 60 names match one or more of those patterns are copied from 61 62 63 64 1 65 66 67 68 69 70CPIO(1L) CPIO(1L) 71 72 73 the archive. Unlike in the shell, an initial `.' in a 74 filename does match a wildcard at the start of a pattern, 75 and a `/' in a filename can match wildcards. If no 76 patterns are given, all files are extracted. 77 78 In copy-pass mode, ccppiioo copies files from one directory 79 tree to another, combining the copy-out and copy-in steps 80 without actually using an archive. It reads the list of 81 files to copy from the standard input; the directory into 82 which it will copy them is given as a non-option argument. 83 84 ccppiioo supports the following archive formats: binary, old 85 ASCII, new ASCII, crc, HPUX binary, HPUX old ASCII, old 86 tar, and POSIX.1 tar. The binary format is obsolete 87 because it encodes information about the files in a way 88 that is not portable between different machine 89 architectures. The old ASCII format is portable between 90 different machine architectures, but should not be used on 91 file systems with more than 65536 i-nodes. The new ASCII 92 format is portable between different machine architectures 93 and can be used on any size file system, but is not 94 supported by all versions of ccppiioo; currently, it is only 95 supported by GNU and Unix System V R4. The crc format is 96 like the new ASCII format, but also contains a checksum 97 for each file which ccppiioo calculates when creating an 98 archive and verifies when the file is extracted from the 99 archive. The HPUX formats are provided for compatibility 100 with HPUX's cpio which stores device files differently. 101 102 The tar format is provided for compatability with the ttaarr 103 program. It can not be used to archive files with names 104 longer than 100 characters, and can not be used to archive 105 "special" (block or character devices) files. The POSIX.1 106 tar format can not be used to archive files with names 107 longer than 255 characters (less unless they have a "/" in 108 just the right place). 109 110 By default, ccppiioo creates binary format archives, for 111 compatibility with older ccppiioo programs. When extracting 112 from archives, ccppiioo automatically recognizes which kind of 113 archive it is reading and can read archives created on 114 machines with a different byte-order. 115 116 Some of the options to ccppiioo apply only to certain 117 operating modes; see the SYNOPSIS section for a list of 118 which options are allowed in which modes. 119 120 OOPPTTIIOONNSS 121 -_0, --_n_u_l_l 122 In copy-out and copy-pass modes, read a list of 123 filenames terminated by a null character instead of 124 a newline, so that files whose names contain 125 newlines can be archived. GNU ffiinndd is one way to 126 produce a list of null-terminated filenames. 127 128 129 130 2 131 132 133 134 135 136CPIO(1L) CPIO(1L) 137 138 139 -_a, --_r_e_s_e_t-_a_c_c_e_s_s-_t_i_m_e 140 Reset the access times of files after reading them, 141 so that it does not look like they have just been 142 read. 143 144 -_A, --_a_p_p_e_n_d 145 Append to an existing archive. Only works in copy- 146 out mode. The archive must be a disk file 147 specified with the -_O or -_F (--_f_i_l_e) option. 148 149 -_b, --_s_w_a_p 150 In copy-in mode, swap both halfwords of words and 151 bytes of halfwords in the data. Equivalent to -_s_S. 152 Use this option to convert 32-bit integers between 153 big-endian and little-endian machines. 154 155 -_B Set the I/O block size to 5120 bytes. Initially 156 the block size is 512 bytes. 157 158 --_b_l_o_c_k-_s_i_z_e=_B_L_O_C_K-_S_I_Z_E 159 Set the I/O block size to BLOCK-SIZE * 512 bytes. 160 161 -_c Use the old portable (ASCII) archive format. 162 163 -_C _I_O-_S_I_Z_E, --_i_o-_s_i_z_e=_I_O-_S_I_Z_E 164 Set the I/O block size to IO-SIZE bytes. 165 166 -_d, --_m_a_k_e-_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_i_e_s 167 Create leading directories where needed. 168 169 -_E _F_I_L_E, --_p_a_t_t_e_r_n-_f_i_l_e=_F_I_L_E 170 In copy-in mode, read additional patterns 171 specifying filenames to extract or list from FILE. 172 The lines of FILE are treated as if they had been 173 non-option arguments to ccppiioo. 174 175 -_f, --_n_o_n_m_a_t_c_h_i_n_g 176 Only copy files that do not match any of the given 177 patterns. 178 179 -_F, --_f_i_l_e=_a_r_c_h_i_v_e 180 Archive filename to use instead of standard input 181 or output. To use a tape drive on another machine 182 as the archive, use a filename that starts with 183 `HOSTNAME:'. The hostname can be preceded by a 184 username and an `@' to access the remote tape drive 185 as that user, if you have permission to do so 186 (typically an entry in that user's `~/.rhosts' 187 file). 188 189 --_f_o_r_c_e-_l_o_c_a_l 190 With -_F, -_I, or -_O, take the archive file name to 191 be a local file even if it contains a colon, which 192 would ordinarily indicate a remote host name. 193 194 195 196 3 197 198 199 200 201 202CPIO(1L) CPIO(1L) 203 204 205 -_H _F_O_R_M_A_T, --_f_o_r_m_a_t=_F_O_R_M_A_T 206 Use archive format FORMAT. The valid formats are 207 listed below; the same names are also recognized in 208 all-caps. The default in copy-in mode is to 209 automatically detect the archive format, and in 210 copy-out mode is "bin". 211 212 bin The obsolete binary format. 213 214 odc The old (POSIX.1) portable format. 215 216 newc The new (SVR4) portable format, which 217 supports file systems having more than 65536 218 i-nodes. 219 220 crc The new (SVR4) portable format with a 221 checksum added. 222 223 tar The old tar format. 224 225 ustar The POSIX.1 tar format. Also recognizes GNU 226 ttaarr archives, which are similar but not 227 identical. 228 229 hpbin The obsolete binary format used by HPUX's 230 cpio (which stores device files 231 differently). 232 233 hpodc The portable format used by HPUX's cpio 234 (which stores device files differently). 235 236 -_i, --_e_x_t_r_a_c_t 237 Run in copy-in mode. 238 239 -_I _a_r_c_h_i_v_e 240 Archive filename to use instead of standard input. 241 To use a tape drive on another machine as the 242 archive, use a filename that starts with 243 `HOSTNAME:'. The hostname can be preceded by a 244 username and an `@' to access the remote tape drive 245 as that user, if you have permission to do so 246 (typically an entry in that user's `~/.rhosts' 247 file). 248 249 -_k Ignored; for compatibility with other versions of 250 ccppiioo. 251 252 -_l, --_l_i_n_k 253 Link files instead of copying them, when possible. 254 255 -_L, --_d_e_r_e_f_e_r_e_n_c_e 256 Dereference symbolic links (copy the files that 257 they point to instead of copying the links). 258 259 260 261 262 4 263 264 265 266 267 268CPIO(1L) CPIO(1L) 269 270 271 -_m, --_p_r_e_s_e_r_v_e-_m_o_d_i_f_i_c_a_t_i_o_n-_t_i_m_e 272 Retain previous file modification times when 273 creating files. 274 275 -_M _M_E_S_S_A_G_E, --_m_e_s_s_a_g_e=_M_E_S_S_A_G_E 276 Print MESSAGE when the end of a volume of the 277 backup media (such as a tape or a floppy disk) is 278 reached, to prompt the user to insert a new volume. 279 If MESSAGE contains the string "%d", it is replaced 280 by the current volume number (starting at 1). 281 282 -_n, --_n_u_m_e_r_i_c-_u_i_d-_g_i_d 283 In the verbose table of contents listing, show 284 numeric UID and GID instead of translating them 285 into names. 286 287 --_n_o-_p_r_e_s_e_r_v_e-_o_w_n_e_r 288 In copy-in mode and copy-pass mode, do not change 289 the ownership of the files; leave them owned by the 290 user extracting them. This is the default for non- 291 root users, so that users on System V don't 292 inadvertantly give away files. 293 294 -_o, --_c_r_e_a_t_e 295 Run in copy-out mode. 296 297 -_O _a_r_c_h_i_v_e 298 Archive filename to use instead of standard output. 299 To use a tape drive on another machine as the 300 archive, use a filename that starts with 301 `HOSTNAME:'. The hostname can be preceded by a 302 username and an `@' to access the remote tape drive 303 as that user, if you have permission to do so 304 (typically an entry in that user's `~/.rhosts' 305 file). 306 307 -_p, --_p_a_s_s-_t_h_r_o_u_g_h 308 Run in copy-pass mode. 309 310 -_r, --_r_e_n_a_m_e 311 Interactively rename files. 312 313 -_R [_u_s_e_r][:.][_g_r_o_u_p], --_o_w_n_e_r [_u_s_e_r][:.][_g_r_o_u_p] 314 In copy-out and copy-pass modes, set the ownership 315 of all files created to the specified user and/or 316 group. Either the user or the group, or both, must 317 be present. If the group is omitted but the ":" or 318 "." separator is given, use the given user's login 319 group. Only the super-user can change files' 320 ownership. 321 322 -_s, --_s_w_a_p-_b_y_t_e_s 323 In copy-in mode, swap the bytes of each halfword 324 (pair of bytes) in the files. 325 326 327 328 5 329 330 331 332 333 334CPIO(1L) CPIO(1L) 335 336 337 -_S, --_s_w_a_p-_h_a_l_f_w_o_r_d_s 338 In copy-in mode, swap the halfwords of each word (4 339 bytes) in the files. 340 341 -_t, --_l_i_s_t 342 Print a table of contents of the input. 343 344 -_u, --_u_n_c_o_n_d_i_t_i_o_n_a_l 345 Replace all files, without asking whether to 346 replace existing newer files with older files. 347 348 -_v, --_v_e_r_b_o_s_e 349 List the files processed, or with -_t, give an `ls 350 -l' style table of contents listing. In a verbose 351 table of contents of a ustar archive, user and 352 group names in the archive that do not exist on the 353 local system are replaced by the names that 354 correspond locally to the numeric UID and GID 355 stored in the archive. 356 357 -_V --_d_o_t 358 Print a "." for each file processed. 359 360 --_v_e_r_s_i_o_n 361 Print the ccppiioo program version number and exit. 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 6 395 396 397