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@(#)a.t 6.5 (Berkeley) 5/7/91
\\$1\|\\$2 .. .nr H1 6 .nr H2 0 .bp
APPENDIX A - BOOTSTRAP DETAILS .R
This appendix contains pertinent files and numbers regarding the bootstrapping procedure for \*(4B. You should never have to look at this appendix. However, if there are problems in installing the distribution on your machine, the material contained here may prove useful.
Contents of the distribution tape(s)The distribution normally consists of three 1600bpi 2400' magnetic tapes or one 6250bpi 2400' magnetic tape. The layout of the 1600bpi tapes is listed below. The 6250bpi tape is in the same order, but is only on one tape. The first tape contains the following files on it. All tape files are blocked in 10 kilobytes records, except for the first file on the first tape that has 512 byte records. L
| Tape file Records* Contents |
| one 210 8 bootstrap monitor programs and a |
| tp\|(1) file containing boot, format, and copy |
| two 205 ``mini root'' file system |
| three 430 dump\|(8) of distribution root file system |
| four 3000 tar\|(1) image of binaries and libraries in /usr |
| Tape file # Records Contents |
| one 720 tar\|(1) image of /sys, including GENERIC system |
| two 2500 tar\|(1) image of /usr/src |
| three 580 tar\|(1) image of /usr/lib/vfont |
| Tape file # Records Contents |
| one 3660 tar\|(1) image of user contributed software |
| two 250 tar\|(1) image of /usr/ingres |
The distribution tape is made with the shell scripts located in the directory /sys/dist. To build a distribution tape one must first create a mini root file system with the buildmini shell script. #!/bin/sh # @(#)buildmini 4.7 (Berkeley) 6/23/85 # miniroot=hp0d minitype=rm80 # date umount /dev/${miniroot} newfs -s 4096 ${miniroot} ${minitype} fsck /dev/r${miniroot} mount /dev/${miniroot} /mnt cd /mnt; sh /sys/dist/get cd /sys/dist; sync umount /dev/${miniroot} fsck /dev/${miniroot} date The buildmini script uses the get script to build the file system. #!/bin/sh # # @(#)get 4.23 (Berkeley) 4/9/86 # # Shell script to build a mini-root file system # in preparation for building a distribution tape. # The file system created here is image copied onto # tape, then image copied onto disk as the "first" # step in a cold boot of 4.2 systems. # DISTROOT=/nbsd # if [ `pwd` = '/' ] then echo You just '(almost)' destroyed the root exit fi cp $DISTROOT/sys/GENERIC/vmunix . rm -rf bin; mkdir bin rm -rf etc; mkdir etc rm -rf a; mkdir a rm -rf tmp; mkdir tmp rm -rf usr; mkdir usr usr/mdec rm -rf sys; mkdir sys sys/floppy sys/cassette sys/consolerl cp $DISTROOT/etc/disktab etc cp $DISTROOT/etc/newfs etc; strip etc/newfs cp $DISTROOT/etc/mkfs etc; strip etc/mkfs cp $DISTROOT/etc/restore etc; strip etc/restore cp $DISTROOT/etc/init etc; strip etc/init cp $DISTROOT/etc/mount etc; strip etc/mount cp $DISTROOT/etc/mknod etc; strip etc/mknod cp $DISTROOT/etc/fsck etc; strip etc/fsck cp $DISTROOT/etc/umount etc; strip etc/umount cp $DISTROOT/etc/arff etc; strip etc/arff cp $DISTROOT/etc/flcopy etc; strip etc/flcopy cp $DISTROOT/bin/mt bin; strip bin/mt cp $DISTROOT/bin/ls bin; strip bin/ls cp $DISTROOT/bin/sh bin; strip bin/sh cp $DISTROOT/bin/mv bin; strip bin/mv cp $DISTROOT/bin/sync bin; strip bin/sync cp $DISTROOT/bin/cat bin; strip bin/cat cp $DISTROOT/bin/mkdir bin; strip bin/mkdir cp $DISTROOT/bin/stty bin; strip bin/stty; ln bin/stty bin/STTY cp $DISTROOT/bin/echo bin; strip bin/echo cp $DISTROOT/bin/rm bin; strip bin/rm cp $DISTROOT/bin/cp bin; strip bin/cp cp $DISTROOT/bin/expr bin; strip bin/expr cp $DISTROOT/bin/[ bin; strip bin/[ cp $DISTROOT/bin/awk bin; strip bin/awk cp $DISTROOT/bin/make bin; strip bin/make cp $DISTROOT/usr/mdec/* usr/mdec cp $DISTROOT/sys/floppy/[Ma-z0-9]* sys/floppy cp $DISTROOT/sys/consolerl/[Ma-z0-9]* sys/consolerl cp -r $DISTROOT/sys/cassette/[Ma-z0-9]* sys/cassette cp $DISTROOT/sys/stand/boot boot cp $DISTROOT/sys/stand/pcs750.bin pcs750.bin cp $DISTROOT/.profile .profile cat >etc/passwd <<EOF root::0:10::/:/bin/sh EOF cat >etc/group <<EOF wheel:*:0: staff:*:10: EOF cat >etc/fstab <<EOF /dev/hp0a:/a:xx:1:1 /dev/up0a:/a:xx:1:1 /dev/hk0a:/a:xx:1:1 /dev/ra0a:/a:xx:1:1 /dev/rb0a:/a:xx:1:1 EOF cat >xtr <<'EOF' : ${disk?'Usage: disk=xx0 type=tt tape=yy xtr'} : ${type?'Usage: disk=xx0 type=tt tape=yy xtr'} : ${tape?'Usage: disk=xx0 type=tt tape=yy xtr'} echo 'Build root file system' newfs ${disk}a ${type} sync echo 'Check the file system' fsck /dev/r${disk}a mount /dev/${disk}a /a cd /a echo 'Rewind tape' mt -f /dev/${tape}0 rew echo 'Restore the dump image of the root' restore rsf 3 /dev/${tape}0 cd / sync umount /dev/${disk}a sync fsck /dev/r${disk}a echo 'Root filesystem extracted' echo echo 'If this is an 8650 or 8600, update the console rl02' echo 'If this is a 780 or 785, update the floppy' echo 'If this is a 730, update the cassette' EOF chmod +x xtr rm -rf dev; mkdir dev cp $DISTROOT/sys/dist/MAKEDEV dev chmod +x dev/MAKEDEV cp /dev/null dev/MAKEDEV.local cd dev ./MAKEDEV std hp0 hk0 up0 ra0 rb0 ./MAKEDEV ts0; mv rmt12 ts0; rm *mt*; ./MAKEDEV tm0; mv rmt12 tm0; rm *mt*; ./MAKEDEV ht0; mv rmt12 ht0; rm *mt*; ./MAKEDEV ut0; mv rmt12 ut0; rm *mt*; ./MAKEDEV mt0; mv rmt4 xt0; rm *mt*; mv xt0 mt0 cd .. sync The mini root file system must have enough space to hold the files found on a floppy or cassette.
Once a mini root file system is constructed, the maketape script makes a distribution tape. #!/bin/sh # # @(#)maketape 4.27 (Berkeley) 10/17/85 # # maketape [ 6250 | 1600 [ tapename [ remotetapemachine ] ] ] miniroot=hp0d tape=/dev/rmt12 type=6250 if [ $# -gt 0 ]; then type=$1; fi if [ $# -gt 1 ]; then tape=$2; fi tartape=$tape if [ $# -gt 2 ]; then remote=$3; tartape='-'; fi # trap "rm -f /tmp/tape.$$; exit" 0 1 2 3 13 15 $remote mt -t ${tape} rew date umount /dev/hp2g umount /dev/hp2a mount -r /dev/hp2a /c/nbsd mount -r /dev/hp2g /c/nbsd/usr cd tp tp cmf /tmp/tape.$$ boot copy format cd /nbsd/sys/mdec echo "Build 1st level boot block file" cat tsboot htboot tmboot mtboot utboot noboot noboot /tmp/tape.$$ | \e $remote dd of=${tape} obs=512 conv=sync cd /nbsd sync echo "Add dump of mini-root file system" eval dd if=/dev/r${miniroot} count=205 bs=20b conv=sync ${remote+'|'} \e ${remote-"of=$tape"} ${remote+'/usr/local/20b ">" $tape'} echo "Add full dump of real file system" /etc/${remote+r}dump 0uf $remote${remote+:}${tape} /c/nbsd echo "Add tar image of /usr" cd /nbsd/usr; eval tar cf ${tartape} adm bin dict doc games \e guest hosts include lib local man mdec msgs new \e preserve pub spool tmp ucb \e ${remote+'| $remote /usr/local/20b ">" $tape'} if [ ${type} != '6250' ] then echo "Done, rewinding first tape" $remote mt -t ${tape} rew & echo "Mount second tape and hit return when ready" echo "(or type name of next tape drive)" read x if [ "$x" != "" ] then tape=$x fi fi echo "Add tar image of system sources" cd /nbsd/sys; eval tar cf ${tartape} . \e ${remote+'| $remote /usr/local/20b ">" $tape'} echo "Add user source code" cd /nbsd/usr/src; eval tar cf ${tartape} Makefile bin etc games \e include lib local old ucb undoc usr.bin usr.lib \e ${remote+'| $remote /usr/local/20b ">" $tape'} echo "Add varian fonts" cd /usr/lib/vfont; eval tar cf ${tartape} . \e ${remote+'| $remote /usr/local/20b ">" $tape'} if [ ${type} != '6250' ] then echo "Done, rewinding second tape" $remote mt -t ${tape} rew & echo "Mount third tape and hit return when ready" echo "(or type name of next tape drive)" read x if [ "$x" != "" ] then tape=$x fi fi echo "Add user contributed software" cd /nbsd/usr/src/new; eval tar cf ${tartape} * \e ${remote+'| $remote /usr/local/20b ">" $tape'} echo "Add ingres source" cd /nbsd/usr/ingres; eval tar cf ${tartape} . \e ${remote+'| $remote /usr/local/20b ">" $tape'} echo "Done, rewinding tape" $remote mt -t ${tape} rew &
Summarizing then, to create a distribution tape you can use the above scripts and the following commands. # buildmini # maketape ... (For 1600bpi tapes, the following will appear twice asking you to mount fresh tapes) Done, rewinding first tape Mount second tape and hit return when ready (remove the first tape and place a fresh one on the drive) ... Done, rewinding second tape
Control status register addressesThe distribution uses many standalone device drivers that presume the location of a UNIBUS device's control status register (CSR). The following table summarizes these values.
| Device name Controller CSR address (octal) |
| ra DEC UDA50 0172150 |
| rb DEC 730 IDC 0175606 |
| rk DEC RK11 0177440 |
| rl DEC RL11 0174400 |
| tm EMULEX TC-11 0172520 |
| ts DEC TS11 0172520 |
| up EMULEX SC-21V 0176700 |
| ut SI 9700 0172440 |
The generic version of the operating system supplied with the distribution contains the UNIBUS devices listed below. These devices will be recognized if the appropriate control status registers respond at any of the listed UNIBUS addresses.
| Device name Controller CSR addresses (octal) |
| hk DEC RK11 0177440 |
| tm EMULEX TC-11 0172520 |
| tmscp DEC TU81, TMSCP 0174500 |
| ts DEC TS11 0172520 |
| ut SI 9700 0172440 |
| up EMULEX SC-21V 0176700, 0174400, 0176300 |
| ra DEC UDA-50 0172150, 0172550, 0177550 |
| rb DEC 730 IDC 0175606 |
| rl DEC RL11 0174400 |
| dm DM11 equivalent 0170500 |
| dh DH11 equivalent 0160020, 0160040 |
| dhu DEC DHU11 0160440, 0160500 |
| dz DEC DZ11 0160100, 0160110, ... 0160170 |
| dmf DEC DMF32 0160340 |
| dmz DEC DMZ32 0160540 |
| lp DEC LP11 0177514 |
| en Xerox 3MB ethernet 0161000 |
| ec 3Com ethernet 0164330 |
| ex Excelan ethernet 0164344 |
| il Interlan ethernet 0164000 |
| de DEC DEUNA 0174510 |