1.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990 The Regents of the University of California. 2.\" All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)last.1 6.8 (Berkeley) 5/5/91 33.\" 34.Dd May 5, 1991 35.Dt LAST 1 36.Os BSD 4 37.Sh NAME 38.Nm last 39.Nd indicate last logins of users and ttys 40.Sh SYNOPSIS 41.Nm last 42.Op Fl Ns Ar n 43.Op Fl f Ar file 44.Op Fl h Ar host 45.Op Fl t Ar tty 46.Op user ... 47.Sh DESCRIPTION 48.Nm Last 49will list the sessions of specified 50.Ar users , 51.Ar ttys , 52and 53.Ar hosts , 54in reverse time order. Each line of output contains 55the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, any 56hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the duration 57of the session. If the session is still continuing or was cut short by 58a crash or shutdown, 59.Nm last 60will so indicate. 61.Pp 62.Bl -tag -width indent-two 63.It Fl f Ar file 64.Nm Last 65reads the file 66.Ar file 67instead of the default, 68.Pa /var/log/wtmp . 69.It Fl Ar n 70Limits the report to 71.Ar n 72lines. 73.It Fl t Ar tty 74Specify the 75.Ar tty . 76Tty names may be given fully or abbreviated, for example, 77.Dq Li "last -t 03" 78is 79equivalent to 80.Dq Li "last -t tty03" . 81.It Fl h Ar host 82.Ar Host 83names may be names or internet numbers. 84.El 85.Pp 86If 87multiple arguments are given, the information which applies to any of the 88arguments is printed, e.g., 89.Dq Li "last root -t console" 90would list all of 91.Dq Li root Ns 's 92sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal. If no 93users, hostnames or terminals are specified, 94.Nm last 95prints a record of 96all logins and logouts. 97.Pp 98The pseudo-user 99.Ar reboot 100logs in at reboots of the system, thus 101.Dq Li last reboot 102will give an indication of mean time between reboot. 103.Pp 104If 105.Nm last 106is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has 107progressed. If interrupted with a quit signal 108.Nm last 109indicates how 110far the search has progressed and then continues. 111.Sh FILES 112.Bl -tag -width /var/log/wtmp -compact 113.It Pa /var/log/wtmp 114login data base 115.El 116.Sh SEE ALSO 117.Xr lastcomm 1 , 118.Xr utmp 5 , 119.Xr ac 8 120.Sh HISTORY 121.Nm Last 122appeared in 123.Bx 3.0 . 124