1 /*
2 IASIOThiscallResolver.cpp see the comments in iasiothiscallresolver.h for
3 the top level description - this comment describes the technical details of
4 the implementation.
5
6 The latest version of this file is available from:
7 http://www.audiomulch.com/~rossb/code/calliasio
8
9 please email comments to Ross Bencina <rossb@audiomulch.com>
10
11 BACKGROUND
12
13 The IASIO interface declared in the Steinberg ASIO 2 SDK declares
14 functions with no explicit calling convention. This causes MSVC++ to default
15 to using the thiscall convention, which is a proprietary convention not
16 implemented by some non-microsoft compilers - notably borland BCC,
17 C++Builder, and gcc. MSVC++ is the defacto standard compiler used by
18 Steinberg. As a result of this situation, the ASIO sdk will compile with
19 any compiler, however attempting to execute the compiled code will cause a
20 crash due to different default calling conventions on non-Microsoft
21 compilers.
22
23 IASIOThiscallResolver solves the problem by providing an adapter class that
24 delegates to the IASIO interface using the correct calling convention
25 (thiscall). Due to the lack of support for thiscall in the Borland and GCC
26 compilers, the calls have been implemented in assembly language.
27
28 A number of macros are defined for thiscall function calls with different
29 numbers of parameters, with and without return values - it may be possible
30 to modify the format of these macros to make them work with other inline
31 assemblers.
32
33
34 THISCALL DEFINITION
35
36 A number of definitions of the thiscall calling convention are floating
37 around the internet. The following definition has been validated against
38 output from the MSVC++ compiler:
39
40 For non-vararg functions, thiscall works as follows: the object (this)
41 pointer is passed in ECX. All arguments are passed on the stack in
42 right to left order. The return value is placed in EAX. The callee
43 clears the passed arguments from the stack.
44
45
46 FINDING FUNCTION POINTERS FROM AN IASIO POINTER
47
48 The first field of a COM object is a pointer to its vtble. Thus a pointer
49 to an object implementing the IASIO interface also points to a pointer to
50 that object's vtbl. The vtble is a table of function pointers for all of
51 the virtual functions exposed by the implemented interfaces.
52
53 If we consider a variable declared as a pointer to IASO:
54
55 IASIO *theAsioDriver
56
57 theAsioDriver points to:
58
59 object implementing IASIO
60 {
61 IASIOvtbl *vtbl
62 other data
63 }
64
65 in other words, theAsioDriver points to a pointer to an IASIOvtbl
66
67 vtbl points to a table of function pointers:
68
69 IASIOvtbl ( interface IASIO : public IUnknown )
70 {
71 (IUnknown functions)
72 0 virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE (*QueryInterface)(REFIID riid, void **ppv) = 0;
73 4 virtual ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE (*AddRef)() = 0;
74 8 virtual ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE (*Release)() = 0;
75
76 (IASIO functions)
77 12 virtual ASIOBool (*init)(void *sysHandle) = 0;
78 16 virtual void (*getDriverName)(char *name) = 0;
79 20 virtual long (*getDriverVersion)() = 0;
80 24 virtual void (*getErrorMessage)(char *string) = 0;
81 28 virtual ASIOError (*start)() = 0;
82 32 virtual ASIOError (*stop)() = 0;
83 36 virtual ASIOError (*getChannels)(long *numInputChannels, long *numOutputChannels) = 0;
84 40 virtual ASIOError (*getLatencies)(long *inputLatency, long *outputLatency) = 0;
85 44 virtual ASIOError (*getBufferSize)(long *minSize, long *maxSize,
86 long *preferredSize, long *granularity) = 0;
87 48 virtual ASIOError (*canSampleRate)(ASIOSampleRate sampleRate) = 0;
88 52 virtual ASIOError (*getSampleRate)(ASIOSampleRate *sampleRate) = 0;
89 56 virtual ASIOError (*setSampleRate)(ASIOSampleRate sampleRate) = 0;
90 60 virtual ASIOError (*getClockSources)(ASIOClockSource *clocks, long *numSources) = 0;
91 64 virtual ASIOError (*setClockSource)(long reference) = 0;
92 68 virtual ASIOError (*getSamplePosition)(ASIOSamples *sPos, ASIOTimeStamp *tStamp) = 0;
93 72 virtual ASIOError (*getChannelInfo)(ASIOChannelInfo *info) = 0;
94 76 virtual ASIOError (*createBuffers)(ASIOBufferInfo *bufferInfos, long numChannels,
95 long bufferSize, ASIOCallbacks *callbacks) = 0;
96 80 virtual ASIOError (*disposeBuffers)() = 0;
97 84 virtual ASIOError (*controlPanel)() = 0;
98 88 virtual ASIOError (*future)(long selector,void *opt) = 0;
99 92 virtual ASIOError (*outputReady)() = 0;
100 };
101
102 The numbers in the left column show the byte offset of each function ptr
103 from the beginning of the vtbl. These numbers are used in the code below
104 to select different functions.
105
106 In order to find the address of a particular function, theAsioDriver
107 must first be dereferenced to find the value of the vtbl pointer:
108
109 mov eax, theAsioDriver
110 mov edx, [theAsioDriver] // edx now points to vtbl[0]
111
112 Then an offset must be added to the vtbl pointer to select a
113 particular function, for example vtbl+44 points to the slot containing
114 a pointer to the getBufferSize function.
115
116 Finally vtbl+x must be dereferenced to obtain the value of the function
117 pointer stored in that address:
118
119 call [edx+44] // call the function pointed to by
120 // the value in the getBufferSize field of the vtbl
121
122
123 SEE ALSO
124
125 Martin Fay's OpenASIO DLL at http://www.martinfay.com solves the same
126 problem by providing a new COM interface which wraps IASIO with an
127 interface that uses portable calling conventions. OpenASIO must be compiled
128 with MSVC, and requires that you ship the OpenASIO DLL with your
129 application.
130
131
132 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
133
134 Ross Bencina: worked out the thiscall details above, wrote the original
135 Borland asm macros, and a patch for asio.cpp (which is no longer needed).
136 Thanks to Martin Fay for introducing me to the issues discussed here,
137 and to Rene G. Ceballos for assisting with asm dumps from MSVC++.
138
139 Antti Silvast: converted the original calliasio to work with gcc and NASM
140 by implementing the asm code in a separate file.
141
142 Fraser Adams: modified the original calliasio containing the Borland inline
143 asm to add inline asm for gcc i.e. Intel syntax for Borland and AT&T syntax
144 for gcc. This seems a neater approach for gcc than to have a separate .asm
145 file and it means that we only need one version of the thiscall patch.
146
147 Fraser Adams: rewrote the original calliasio patch in the form of the
148 IASIOThiscallResolver class in order to avoid modifications to files from
149 the Steinberg SDK, which may have had potential licence issues.
150
151 Andrew Baldwin: contributed fixes for compatibility problems with more
152 recent versions of the gcc assembler.
153 */
154
155
156 // We only need IASIOThiscallResolver at all if we are on Win32. For other
157 // platforms we simply bypass the IASIOThiscallResolver definition to allow us
158 // to be safely #include'd whatever the platform to keep client code portable
159 #if (defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__)) && !defined(_WIN64)
160
161
162 // If microsoft compiler we can call IASIO directly so IASIOThiscallResolver
163 // is not used.
164 #if !defined(_MSC_VER)
165
166
167 #include <new>
168 #include <assert.h>
169
170 // We have a mechanism in iasiothiscallresolver.h to ensure that asio.h is
171 // #include'd before it in client code, we do NOT want to do this test here.
172 #define iasiothiscallresolver_sourcefile 1
173 #include "iasiothiscallresolver.h"
174 #undef iasiothiscallresolver_sourcefile
175
176 // iasiothiscallresolver.h redefines ASIOInit for clients, but we don't want
177 // this macro defined in this translation unit.
178 #undef ASIOInit
179
180
181 // theAsioDriver is a global pointer to the current IASIO instance which the
182 // ASIO SDK uses to perform all actions on the IASIO interface. We substitute
183 // our own forwarding interface into this pointer.
184 extern IASIO* theAsioDriver;
185
186
187 // The following macros define the inline assembler for BORLAND first then gcc
188
189 #if defined(__BCPLUSPLUS__) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
190
191
192 #define CALL_THISCALL_0( resultName, thisPtr, funcOffset )\
193 void *this_ = (thisPtr); \
194 __asm { \
195 mov ecx, this_ ; \
196 mov eax, [ecx] ; \
197 call [eax+funcOffset] ; \
198 mov resultName, eax ; \
199 }
200
201
202 #define CALL_VOID_THISCALL_1( thisPtr, funcOffset, param1 )\
203 void *this_ = (thisPtr); \
204 __asm { \
205 mov eax, param1 ; \
206 push eax ; \
207 mov ecx, this_ ; \
208 mov eax, [ecx] ; \
209 call [eax+funcOffset] ; \
210 }
211
212
213 #define CALL_THISCALL_1( resultName, thisPtr, funcOffset, param1 )\
214 void *this_ = (thisPtr); \
215 __asm { \
216 mov eax, param1 ; \
217 push eax ; \
218 mov ecx, this_ ; \
219 mov eax, [ecx] ; \
220 call [eax+funcOffset] ; \
221 mov resultName, eax ; \
222 }
223
224
225 #define CALL_THISCALL_1_DOUBLE( resultName, thisPtr, funcOffset, param1 )\
226 void *this_ = (thisPtr); \
227 void *doubleParamPtr_ (¶m1); \
228 __asm { \
229 mov eax, doubleParamPtr_ ; \
230 push [eax+4] ; \
231 push [eax] ; \
232 mov ecx, this_ ; \
233 mov eax, [ecx] ; \
234 call [eax+funcOffset] ; \
235 mov resultName, eax ; \
236 }
237
238
239 #define CALL_THISCALL_2( resultName, thisPtr, funcOffset, param1, param2 )\
240 void *this_ = (thisPtr); \
241 __asm { \
242 mov eax, param2 ; \
243 push eax ; \
244 mov eax, param1 ; \
245 push eax ; \
246 mov ecx, this_ ; \
247 mov eax, [ecx] ; \
248 call [eax+funcOffset] ; \
249 mov resultName, eax ; \
250 }
251
252
253 #define CALL_THISCALL_4( resultName, thisPtr, funcOffset, param1, param2, param3, param4 )\
254 void *this_ = (thisPtr); \
255 __asm { \
256 mov eax, param4 ; \
257 push eax ; \
258 mov eax, param3 ; \
259 push eax ; \
260 mov eax, param2 ; \
261 push eax ; \
262 mov eax, param1 ; \
263 push eax ; \
264 mov ecx, this_ ; \
265 mov eax, [ecx] ; \
266 call [eax+funcOffset] ; \
267 mov resultName, eax ; \
268 }
269
270
271 #elif defined(__GNUC__)
272
273
274 #define CALL_THISCALL_0( resultName, thisPtr, funcOffset ) \
275 __asm__ __volatile__ ("movl (%1), %%edx\n\t" \
276 "call *"#funcOffset"(%%edx)\n\t" \
277 :"=a"(resultName) /* Output Operands */ \
278 :"c"(thisPtr) /* Input Operands */ \
279 : "%edx" /* Clobbered Registers */ \
280 ); \
281
282
283 #define CALL_VOID_THISCALL_1( thisPtr, funcOffset, param1 ) \
284 __asm__ __volatile__ ("pushl %0\n\t" \
285 "movl (%1), %%edx\n\t" \
286 "call *"#funcOffset"(%%edx)\n\t" \
287 : /* Output Operands */ \
288 :"r"(param1), /* Input Operands */ \
289 "c"(thisPtr) \
290 : "%edx" /* Clobbered Registers */ \
291 ); \
292
293
294 #define CALL_THISCALL_1( resultName, thisPtr, funcOffset, param1 ) \
295 __asm__ __volatile__ ("pushl %1\n\t" \
296 "movl (%2), %%edx\n\t" \
297 "call *"#funcOffset"(%%edx)\n\t" \
298 :"=a"(resultName) /* Output Operands */ \
299 :"r"(param1), /* Input Operands */ \
300 "c"(thisPtr) \
301 : "%edx" /* Clobbered Registers */ \
302 ); \
303
304
305 #define CALL_THISCALL_1_DOUBLE( resultName, thisPtr, funcOffset, param1 ) \
306 do { \
307 double param1f64 = param1; /* Cast explicitly to double */ \
308 double *param1f64Ptr = ¶m1f64; /* Make pointer to address */ \
309 __asm__ __volatile__ ("pushl 4(%1)\n\t" \
310 "pushl (%1)\n\t" \
311 "movl (%2), %%edx\n\t" \
312 "call *"#funcOffset"(%%edx);\n\t" \
313 : "=a"(resultName) /* Output Operands */ \
314 : "r"(param1f64Ptr), /* Input Operands */ \
315 "c"(thisPtr), \
316 "m"(*param1f64Ptr) /* Using address */ \
317 : "%edx" /* Clobbered Registers */ \
318 ); \
319 } while (0); \
320
321
322 #define CALL_THISCALL_2( resultName, thisPtr, funcOffset, param1, param2 ) \
323 __asm__ __volatile__ ("pushl %1\n\t" \
324 "pushl %2\n\t" \
325 "movl (%3), %%edx\n\t" \
326 "call *"#funcOffset"(%%edx)\n\t" \
327 :"=a"(resultName) /* Output Operands */ \
328 :"r"(param2), /* Input Operands */ \
329 "r"(param1), \
330 "c"(thisPtr) \
331 : "%edx" /* Clobbered Registers */ \
332 ); \
333
334
335 #define CALL_THISCALL_4( resultName, thisPtr, funcOffset, param1, param2, param3, param4 )\
336 __asm__ __volatile__ ("pushl %1\n\t" \
337 "pushl %2\n\t" \
338 "pushl %3\n\t" \
339 "pushl %4\n\t" \
340 "movl (%5), %%edx\n\t" \
341 "call *"#funcOffset"(%%edx)\n\t" \
342 :"=a"(resultName) /* Output Operands */ \
343 :"r"(param4), /* Input Operands */ \
344 "r"(param3), \
345 "r"(param2), \
346 "r"(param1), \
347 "c"(thisPtr) \
348 : "%edx" /* Clobbered Registers */ \
349 ); \
350
351 #endif
352
353
354
355 // Our static singleton instance.
356 IASIOThiscallResolver IASIOThiscallResolver::instance;
357
358 // Constructor called to initialize static Singleton instance above. Note that
359 // it is important not to clear that_ incase it has already been set by the call
360 // to placement new in ASIOInit().
IASIOThiscallResolver()361 IASIOThiscallResolver::IASIOThiscallResolver()
362 {
363 }
364
365 // Constructor called from ASIOInit() below
IASIOThiscallResolver(IASIO * that)366 IASIOThiscallResolver::IASIOThiscallResolver(IASIO* that)
367 : that_( that )
368 {
369 }
370
371 // Implement IUnknown methods as assert(false). IASIOThiscallResolver is not
372 // really a COM object, just a wrapper which will work with the ASIO SDK.
373 // If you wanted to use ASIO without the SDK you might want to implement COM
374 // aggregation in these methods.
QueryInterface(REFIID riid,void ** ppv)375 HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE IASIOThiscallResolver::QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void **ppv)
376 {
377 (void)riid; // suppress unused variable warning
378
379 assert( false ); // this function should never be called by the ASIO SDK.
380
381 *ppv = NULL;
382 return E_NOINTERFACE;
383 }
384
AddRef()385 ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE IASIOThiscallResolver::AddRef()
386 {
387 assert( false ); // this function should never be called by the ASIO SDK.
388
389 return 1;
390 }
391
Release()392 ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE IASIOThiscallResolver::Release()
393 {
394 assert( false ); // this function should never be called by the ASIO SDK.
395
396 return 1;
397 }
398
399
400 // Implement the IASIO interface methods by performing the vptr manipulation
401 // described above then delegating to the real implementation.
init(void * sysHandle)402 ASIOBool IASIOThiscallResolver::init(void *sysHandle)
403 {
404 ASIOBool result;
405 CALL_THISCALL_1( result, that_, 12, sysHandle );
406 return result;
407 }
408
getDriverName(char * name)409 void IASIOThiscallResolver::getDriverName(char *name)
410 {
411 CALL_VOID_THISCALL_1( that_, 16, name );
412 }
413
getDriverVersion()414 long IASIOThiscallResolver::getDriverVersion()
415 {
416 ASIOBool result;
417 CALL_THISCALL_0( result, that_, 20 );
418 return result;
419 }
420
getErrorMessage(char * string)421 void IASIOThiscallResolver::getErrorMessage(char *string)
422 {
423 CALL_VOID_THISCALL_1( that_, 24, string );
424 }
425
start()426 ASIOError IASIOThiscallResolver::start()
427 {
428 ASIOBool result;
429 CALL_THISCALL_0( result, that_, 28 );
430 return result;
431 }
432
stop()433 ASIOError IASIOThiscallResolver::stop()
434 {
435 ASIOBool result;
436 CALL_THISCALL_0( result, that_, 32 );
437 return result;
438 }
439
getChannels(long * numInputChannels,long * numOutputChannels)440 ASIOError IASIOThiscallResolver::getChannels(long *numInputChannels, long *numOutputChannels)
441 {
442 ASIOBool result;
443 CALL_THISCALL_2( result, that_, 36, numInputChannels, numOutputChannels );
444 return result;
445 }
446
getLatencies(long * inputLatency,long * outputLatency)447 ASIOError IASIOThiscallResolver::getLatencies(long *inputLatency, long *outputLatency)
448 {
449 ASIOBool result;
450 CALL_THISCALL_2( result, that_, 40, inputLatency, outputLatency );
451 return result;
452 }
453
getBufferSize(long * minSize,long * maxSize,long * preferredSize,long * granularity)454 ASIOError IASIOThiscallResolver::getBufferSize(long *minSize, long *maxSize,
455 long *preferredSize, long *granularity)
456 {
457 ASIOBool result;
458 CALL_THISCALL_4( result, that_, 44, minSize, maxSize, preferredSize, granularity );
459 return result;
460 }
461
canSampleRate(ASIOSampleRate sampleRate)462 ASIOError IASIOThiscallResolver::canSampleRate(ASIOSampleRate sampleRate)
463 {
464 ASIOBool result;
465 CALL_THISCALL_1_DOUBLE( result, that_, 48, sampleRate );
466 return result;
467 }
468
getSampleRate(ASIOSampleRate * sampleRate)469 ASIOError IASIOThiscallResolver::getSampleRate(ASIOSampleRate *sampleRate)
470 {
471 ASIOBool result;
472 CALL_THISCALL_1( result, that_, 52, sampleRate );
473 return result;
474 }
475
setSampleRate(ASIOSampleRate sampleRate)476 ASIOError IASIOThiscallResolver::setSampleRate(ASIOSampleRate sampleRate)
477 {
478 ASIOBool result;
479 CALL_THISCALL_1_DOUBLE( result, that_, 56, sampleRate );
480 return result;
481 }
482
getClockSources(ASIOClockSource * clocks,long * numSources)483 ASIOError IASIOThiscallResolver::getClockSources(ASIOClockSource *clocks, long *numSources)
484 {
485 ASIOBool result;
486 CALL_THISCALL_2( result, that_, 60, clocks, numSources );
487 return result;
488 }
489
setClockSource(long reference)490 ASIOError IASIOThiscallResolver::setClockSource(long reference)
491 {
492 ASIOBool result;
493 CALL_THISCALL_1( result, that_, 64, reference );
494 return result;
495 }
496
getSamplePosition(ASIOSamples * sPos,ASIOTimeStamp * tStamp)497 ASIOError IASIOThiscallResolver::getSamplePosition(ASIOSamples *sPos, ASIOTimeStamp *tStamp)
498 {
499 ASIOBool result;
500 CALL_THISCALL_2( result, that_, 68, sPos, tStamp );
501 return result;
502 }
503
getChannelInfo(ASIOChannelInfo * info)504 ASIOError IASIOThiscallResolver::getChannelInfo(ASIOChannelInfo *info)
505 {
506 ASIOBool result;
507 CALL_THISCALL_1( result, that_, 72, info );
508 return result;
509 }
510
createBuffers(ASIOBufferInfo * bufferInfos,long numChannels,long bufferSize,ASIOCallbacks * callbacks)511 ASIOError IASIOThiscallResolver::createBuffers(ASIOBufferInfo *bufferInfos,
512 long numChannels, long bufferSize, ASIOCallbacks *callbacks)
513 {
514 ASIOBool result;
515 CALL_THISCALL_4( result, that_, 76, bufferInfos, numChannels, bufferSize, callbacks );
516 return result;
517 }
518
disposeBuffers()519 ASIOError IASIOThiscallResolver::disposeBuffers()
520 {
521 ASIOBool result;
522 CALL_THISCALL_0( result, that_, 80 );
523 return result;
524 }
525
controlPanel()526 ASIOError IASIOThiscallResolver::controlPanel()
527 {
528 ASIOBool result;
529 CALL_THISCALL_0( result, that_, 84 );
530 return result;
531 }
532
future(long selector,void * opt)533 ASIOError IASIOThiscallResolver::future(long selector,void *opt)
534 {
535 ASIOBool result;
536 CALL_THISCALL_2( result, that_, 88, selector, opt );
537 return result;
538 }
539
outputReady()540 ASIOError IASIOThiscallResolver::outputReady()
541 {
542 ASIOBool result;
543 CALL_THISCALL_0( result, that_, 92 );
544 return result;
545 }
546
547
548 // Implement our substitute ASIOInit() method
ASIOInit(ASIODriverInfo * info)549 ASIOError IASIOThiscallResolver::ASIOInit(ASIODriverInfo *info)
550 {
551 // To ensure that our instance's vptr is correctly constructed, even if
552 // ASIOInit is called prior to main(), we explicitly call its constructor
553 // (potentially over the top of an existing instance). Note that this is
554 // pretty ugly, and is only safe because IASIOThiscallResolver has no
555 // destructor and contains no objects with destructors.
556 new((void*)&instance) IASIOThiscallResolver( theAsioDriver );
557
558 // Interpose between ASIO client code and the real driver.
559 theAsioDriver = &instance;
560
561 // Note that we never need to switch theAsioDriver back to point to the
562 // real driver because theAsioDriver is reset to zero in ASIOExit().
563
564 // Delegate to the real ASIOInit
565 return ::ASIOInit(info);
566 }
567
568
569 #endif /* !defined(_MSC_VER) */
570
571 #endif /* Win32 */
572
573