percona-server-5.6.51-91.0/sql/rpl_gtid_set.cc

/* Copyright (c) 2011, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.0,
   as published by the Free Software Foundation.

   This program is also distributed with certain software (including
   but not limited to OpenSSL) that is licensed under separate terms,
   as designated in a particular file or component or in included license
   documentation.  The authors of MySQL hereby grant you an additional
   permission to link the program and your derivative works with the
   separately licensed software that they have included with MySQL.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License, version 2.0, for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
   Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
   02110-1301 USA */

#include "rpl_gtid.h"

#include <ctype.h>
#include <algorithm>
#include "my_dbug.h"
#include "mysqld_error.h"
#include <algorithm>

using std::min;
using std::max;

const Gtid_set::String_format Gtid_set::default_string_format=
{
  "", "", ":", "-", ":", ",\n", "",
  0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 0
};


const Gtid_set::String_format Gtid_set::sql_string_format=
{
  "'", "'", ":", "-", ":", "',\n'", "''",
  1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 2
};


const Gtid_set::String_format Gtid_set::commented_string_format=
{
  "# ", "", ":", "-", ":", ",\n# ", "# [empty]",
  2, 0, 1, 1, 1, 4, 9
};


Gtid_set::Gtid_set(Sid_map *_sid_map, Checkable_rwlock *_sid_lock)
  : sid_lock(_sid_lock), sid_map(_sid_map)
{
  init();
}


Gtid_set::Gtid_set(Sid_map *_sid_map, const char *text,
                   enum_return_status *status, Checkable_rwlock *_sid_lock)
  : sid_lock(_sid_lock), sid_map(_sid_map)
{
  DBUG_ASSERT(_sid_map != NULL);
  init();
  *status= add_gtid_text(text);
}


void Gtid_set::init()
{
  DBUG_ENTER("Gtid_set::init");
  cached_string_length= -1;
  cached_string_format= NULL;
  chunks= NULL;
  free_intervals= NULL;
  my_init_dynamic_array(&intervals, sizeof(Interval *), 0, 8);
  if (sid_lock)
    mysql_mutex_init(0, &free_intervals_mutex, NULL);
#ifndef DBUG_OFF
  n_chunks= 0;
#endif
  DBUG_VOID_RETURN;
}


Gtid_set::~Gtid_set()
{
  DBUG_ENTER("Gtid_set::~Gtid_set");
  Interval_chunk *chunk= chunks;
  while (chunk != NULL)
  {
    Interval_chunk *next_chunk= chunk->next;
    free(chunk);
    chunk= next_chunk;
#ifndef DBUG_OFF
    n_chunks--;
#endif
  }
  DBUG_ASSERT(n_chunks == 0);
  delete_dynamic(&intervals);
  if (sid_lock)
    mysql_mutex_destroy(&free_intervals_mutex);
  DBUG_VOID_RETURN;
}


enum_return_status Gtid_set::ensure_sidno(rpl_sidno sidno)
{
  DBUG_ENTER("Gtid_set::ensure_sidno");
  if (sid_lock != NULL)
    sid_lock->assert_some_lock();
  DBUG_PRINT("info", ("sidno=%d get_max_sidno()=%d sid_map=%p "
                      "sid_map->get_max_sidno()=%d",
                      sidno, get_max_sidno(), sid_map,
                      sid_map != NULL ? sid_map->get_max_sidno() : 0));
  DBUG_ASSERT(sid_map == NULL || sidno <= sid_map->get_max_sidno());
  DBUG_ASSERT(sid_map == NULL || get_max_sidno() <= sid_map->get_max_sidno());
  rpl_sidno max_sidno= get_max_sidno();
  if (sidno > max_sidno)
  {
    /*
      Not all Gtid_sets are protected by an rwlock.  But if this
      Gtid_set is, we assume that the read lock has been taken.
      Then we temporarily upgrade it to a write lock while resizing
      the array, and then we restore it to a read lock at the end.
    */
    bool is_wrlock= false;
    if (sid_lock != NULL)
    {
      is_wrlock= sid_lock->is_wrlock();
      if (!is_wrlock)
      {
        sid_lock->unlock();
        sid_lock->wrlock();
        // maybe a concurrent thread already resized the Gtid_set
        // while we released the lock; check the condition again
        if (sidno <= max_sidno)
        {
          sid_lock->unlock();
          sid_lock->rdlock();
          RETURN_OK;
        }
      }
    }
    if (allocate_dynamic(&intervals,
                         sid_map == NULL ? sidno : sid_map->get_max_sidno()))
      goto error;
    Interval *null_p= NULL;
    for (rpl_sidno i= max_sidno; i < sidno; i++)
      if (insert_dynamic(&intervals, &null_p))
        goto error;
    if (sid_lock != NULL)
    {
      if (!is_wrlock)
      {
        sid_lock->unlock();
        sid_lock->rdlock();
      }
    }
  }
  RETURN_OK;
error:
  BINLOG_ERROR(("Out of memory."), (ER_OUT_OF_RESOURCES, MYF(0)));
  RETURN_REPORTED_ERROR;
}


void Gtid_set::add_interval_memory_lock_taken(int n_ivs, Interval *ivs)
{
  DBUG_ENTER("Gtid_set::add_interval_memory");
  assert_free_intervals_locked();
  // make ivs a linked list
  for (int i= 0; i < n_ivs - 1; i++)
    ivs[i].next= &(ivs[i + 1]);
  Interval_iterator ivit(this);
  ivs[n_ivs - 1].next= ivit.get();
  // add intervals to list of free intervals
  ivit.set(&(ivs[0]));
  DBUG_VOID_RETURN;
}


enum_return_status Gtid_set::create_new_chunk(int size)
{
  DBUG_ENTER("Gtid_set::create_new_chunk");
  // allocate the new chunk. one element is already pre-allocated, so
  // we only add size-1 elements to the size of the struct.
  assert_free_intervals_locked();
  Interval_chunk *new_chunk=
    (Interval_chunk *)my_malloc(sizeof(Interval_chunk) +
                                sizeof(Interval) * (size - 1),
                                MYF(MY_WME));
  if (new_chunk == NULL)
    RETURN_REPORTED_ERROR;
  // store the chunk in the list of chunks
  new_chunk->next= chunks;
  chunks= new_chunk;
#ifndef DBUG_OFF
  n_chunks++;
#endif
  // add the intervals in the chunk to the list of free intervals
  add_interval_memory_lock_taken(size, new_chunk->intervals);
  RETURN_OK;
}


enum_return_status Gtid_set::get_free_interval(Interval **out)
{
  DBUG_ENTER("Gtid_set::get_free_interval");
  assert_free_intervals_locked();
  Interval_iterator ivit(this);
  if (ivit.get() == NULL)
    PROPAGATE_REPORTED_ERROR(create_new_chunk(CHUNK_GROW_SIZE));
  *out= ivit.get();
  ivit.set((*out)->next);
  RETURN_OK;
}


void Gtid_set::put_free_interval(Interval *iv)
{
  DBUG_ENTER("Gtid_set::put_free_interval");
  assert_free_intervals_locked();
  Interval_iterator ivit(this);
  iv->next= ivit.get();
  ivit.set(iv);
  DBUG_VOID_RETURN;
}


void Gtid_set::clear()
{
  DBUG_ENTER("Gtid_set::clear");
  cached_string_length= -1;
  rpl_sidno max_sidno= get_max_sidno();
  if (max_sidno == 0)
    DBUG_VOID_RETURN;
  Interval_iterator free_ivit(this);
  for (rpl_sidno sidno= 1; sidno <= max_sidno; sidno++)
  {
    /*
      Link in this list of intervals at the end of the list of
      free intervals.
    */
    Interval_iterator ivit(this, sidno);
    Interval *iv= ivit.get();
    if (iv != NULL)
    {
      // find the end of the list of free intervals
      while (free_ivit.get() != NULL)
        free_ivit.next();
      // append the present list
      free_ivit.set(iv);
      // clear the pointer to the head of this list
      ivit.set(NULL);
    }
  }
  DBUG_VOID_RETURN;
}


enum_return_status
Gtid_set::add_gno_interval(Interval_iterator *ivitp,
                           rpl_gno start, rpl_gno end,
                           Free_intervals_lock *lock)
{
  DBUG_ENTER("Gtid_set::add_gno_interval(Interval_iterator*, rpl_gno, rpl_gno)");
  DBUG_ASSERT(start > 0);
  DBUG_ASSERT(start < end);
  DBUG_PRINT("info", ("start=%lld end=%lld", start, end));
  Interval *iv;
  Interval_iterator ivit= *ivitp;
  cached_string_length= -1;

  while ((iv= ivit.get()) != NULL)
  {
    if (iv->end >= start)
    {
      if (iv->start > end)
        // (start, end) is strictly before the current interval
        break;
      // (start, end) and (iv->start, iv->end) touch or intersect.
      // Save the start of the merged interval.
      if (iv->start < start)
        start= iv->start;
      // Remove the current interval as long as the new interval
      // intersects with the next interval.
      while (iv->next && end >= iv->next->start)
      {
        lock->lock_if_not_locked();
        ivit.remove(this);
        iv= ivit.get();
      }
      // Store the interval in the current interval.
      iv->start= start;
      if (iv->end < end)
        iv->end= end;
      *ivitp= ivit;
      RETURN_OK;
    }
    ivit.next();
  }
  /*
    We come here if the interval cannot be combined with any existing
    interval: it is after the previous interval (if any) and before
    the current interval (if any). So we allocate a new interval and
    insert it at the current position.
  */
  Interval *new_iv;
  lock->lock_if_not_locked();
  PROPAGATE_REPORTED_ERROR(get_free_interval(&new_iv));
  new_iv->start= start;
  new_iv->end= end;
  ivit.insert(new_iv);
  *ivitp= ivit;
  RETURN_OK;
}


enum_return_status Gtid_set::remove_gno_interval(Interval_iterator *ivitp,
                                                 rpl_gno start, rpl_gno end,
                                                 Free_intervals_lock *lock)
{
  DBUG_ENTER("Gtid_set::remove_gno_interval(Interval_iterator *ivitp, rpl_gno start, rpl_gno end)");
  DBUG_ASSERT(start < end);
  Interval_iterator ivit= *ivitp;
  Interval *iv;
  cached_string_length= -1;

  // Skip intervals of 'this' that are completely before the removed interval.
  while (1)
  {
    iv= ivit.get();
    if (iv == NULL)
      goto ok;
    if (iv->end > start)
      break;
    ivit.next();
  }

  // Now iv ends after the beginning of the removed interval.
  DBUG_ASSERT(iv != NULL && iv->end > start);
  if (iv->start < start)
  {
    if (iv->end > end)
    {
      // iv cuts also the end of the removed interval: split iv in two
      Interval *new_iv;
      lock->lock_if_not_locked();
      PROPAGATE_REPORTED_ERROR(get_free_interval(&new_iv));
      new_iv->start= end;
      new_iv->end= iv->end;
      iv->end= start;
      ivit.next();
      ivit.insert(new_iv);
      goto ok;
    }
    // iv cuts the beginning but not the end of the removed interval:
    // truncate iv, and iterate one step to next interval
    iv->end= start;
    ivit.next();
    iv= ivit.get();
    if (iv == NULL)
      goto ok;
  }

  // Now iv starts after the beginning of the removed interval.
  DBUG_ASSERT(iv != NULL && iv->start >= start);
  while (iv->end <= end)
  {
    // iv ends before the end of the removed interval, so it is
    // completely covered: remove iv.
    lock->lock_if_not_locked();
    ivit.remove(this);
    iv= ivit.get();
    if (iv == NULL)
      goto ok;
  }

  // Now iv ends after the removed interval.
  DBUG_ASSERT(iv != NULL && iv->end > end);
  if (iv->start < end)
  {
    // iv begins before the end of the removed interval: truncate iv
    iv->start= end;
  }

ok:
  *ivitp= ivit;
  RETURN_OK;
}


rpl_gno parse_gno(const char **s)
{
  char *endp;
  rpl_gno ret= strtoll(*s, &endp, 0);
  if (ret < 0 || ret == LLONG_MAX)
    return -1;
  *s= endp;
  return ret;
}


int format_gno(char *s, rpl_gno gno)
{
  return (int)(ll2str(gno, s, 10, 1) - s);
}


enum_return_status Gtid_set::add_gtid_text(const char *text, bool *anonymous)
{
  DBUG_ENTER("Gtid_set::add_gtid_text(const char *, bool *)");
  DBUG_ASSERT(sid_map != NULL);
  if (sid_lock != NULL)
    sid_lock->assert_some_wrlock();
  const char *s= text;

  DBUG_PRINT("info", ("adding '%s'", text));

  if (anonymous != NULL)
    *anonymous= false;

  SKIP_WHITESPACE();
  if (*s == 0)
  {
    DBUG_PRINT("info", ("'%s' is empty", text));
    RETURN_OK;
  }

  Free_intervals_lock lock(this);

  DBUG_PRINT("info", ("'%s' not only whitespace", text));
  // Allocate space for all intervals at once, if nothing is allocated.
  if (chunks == NULL)
  {
    // compute number of intervals in text: it is equal to the number of
    // colons
    int n_intervals= 0;
    text= s;
    for (; *s; s++)
      if (*s == ':')
        n_intervals++;
    // allocate all intervals in one chunk
    lock.lock_if_not_locked();
    create_new_chunk(n_intervals);
    lock.unlock_if_locked();
    s= text;
  }

  while (1)
  {
    // Skip commas (we allow empty SID:GNO specifications).
    while (*s == ',')
    {
      s++;
      SKIP_WHITESPACE();
    }

    // We allow empty Gtid_sets containing only commas.
    if (*s == 0)
    {
      DBUG_PRINT("info", ("successfully parsed"));
      RETURN_OK;
    }

    // Parse SID.
    if (anonymous != NULL && strncmp(s, "ANONYMOUS", 9) == 0)
    {
      *anonymous= true;
      s+= 9;
    }
    else
    {
      rpl_sid sid;
      if (sid.parse(s) != 0)
      {
        DBUG_PRINT("info", ("expected UUID; found garbage '%.80s' at char %d in '%s'", s, (int)(s - text), text));
        goto parse_error;
      }
      s += rpl_sid::TEXT_LENGTH;
      rpl_sidno sidno= sid_map->add_sid(sid);
      if (sidno <= 0)
      {
        RETURN_REPORTED_ERROR;
      }
      PROPAGATE_REPORTED_ERROR(ensure_sidno(sidno));
      SKIP_WHITESPACE();

      // Iterate over intervals.
      Interval_iterator ivit(this, sidno);
      while (*s == ':')
      {
        // Skip ':'.
        s++;

        // Read start of interval.
        rpl_gno start= parse_gno(&s);
        if (start <= 0)
        {
          if (start == 0)
            DBUG_PRINT("info", ("expected positive NUMBER; found zero ('%.80s') at char %d in '%s'", s - 1, (int)(s - text) - 1, text));
          else
            DBUG_PRINT("info", ("expected positive NUMBER; found zero or garbage '%.80s' at char %d in '%s'", s, (int)(s - text), text));

          goto parse_error;
        }
        SKIP_WHITESPACE();

        // Read end of interval.
        rpl_gno end;
        if (*s == '-')
        {
          s++;
          end= parse_gno(&s);
          if (end < 0)
          {
            DBUG_PRINT("info", ("expected NUMBER; found garbage '%.80s' at char %d in '%s'", s, (int)(s - text), text));
            goto parse_error;
          }
          end++;
          SKIP_WHITESPACE();
        }
        else
          end= start + 1;

        if (end > start)
        {
          // Add interval.  Use the existing iterator position if the
          // current interval does not begin before it.  Otherwise iterate
          // from the beginning.
          Interval *current= ivit.get();
          if (current == NULL || start < current->start)
            ivit.init(this, sidno);
          if (add_gno_interval(&ivit, start, end, &lock) != RETURN_STATUS_OK)
          {
            RETURN_REPORTED_ERROR;
          }
        }
      }
    }

    // Must be end of string or comma. (Commas are consumed and
    // end-of-loop is detected at the beginning of the loop.)
    if (*s != ',' && *s != 0)
    {
      DBUG_PRINT("info", ("expected end of string, UUID, or :NUMBER; found garbage '%.80s' at char %d in '%s'", s, (int)(s - text), text));
      goto parse_error;
    }
  }
  DBUG_ASSERT(0);

parse_error:
  BINLOG_ERROR(("Malformed Gtid_set specification '%.200s'.", text),
               (ER_MALFORMED_GTID_SET_SPECIFICATION, MYF(0), text));
  RETURN_REPORTED_ERROR;
}

bool Gtid_set::is_valid(const char *text)
{
  DBUG_ENTER("Gtid_set::is_valid(const char*)");

  const char *s= text;

  SKIP_WHITESPACE();
  do
  {
    // Skip commas (we allow empty SID:GNO specifications).
    while (*s == ',')
    {
      s++;
      SKIP_WHITESPACE();
    }
    if (*s == 0)
      DBUG_RETURN(true);

    // Parse SID.
    if (!rpl_sid::is_valid(s))
      DBUG_RETURN(false);
    s += rpl_sid::TEXT_LENGTH;
    SKIP_WHITESPACE();

    // Iterate over intervals.
    while (*s == ':')
    {
      // Skip ':'.
      s++;

      // Read start of interval.
      if (parse_gno(&s) <= 0)
        DBUG_RETURN(false);
      SKIP_WHITESPACE();

      // Read end of interval
      if (*s == '-')
      {
        s++;
        if (parse_gno(&s) < 0)
          DBUG_RETURN(false);
        SKIP_WHITESPACE();
      }
    }
  } while (*s == ',');
  if (*s != 0)
    DBUG_RETURN(false);

  DBUG_RETURN(true);
}


enum_return_status
Gtid_set::add_gno_intervals(rpl_sidno sidno,
                            Const_interval_iterator other_ivit,
                            Free_intervals_lock *lock)
{
  DBUG_ENTER("Gtid_set::add_gno_intervals(rpl_sidno, Const_interval_iterator, bool *)");
  DBUG_ASSERT(sidno >= 1 && sidno <= get_max_sidno());
  const Interval *other_iv;
  Interval_iterator ivit(this, sidno);
  while ((other_iv= other_ivit.get()) != NULL)
  {
    PROPAGATE_REPORTED_ERROR(add_gno_interval(&ivit,
                                              other_iv->start, other_iv->end,
                                              lock));
    other_ivit.next();
  }
  RETURN_OK;
}


enum_return_status
Gtid_set::remove_gno_intervals(rpl_sidno sidno,
                               Const_interval_iterator other_ivit,
                               Free_intervals_lock *lock)
{
  DBUG_ENTER("Gtid_set::remove_gno_intervals(rpl_sidno, Interval_iterator, bool *)");
  DBUG_ASSERT(sidno >= 1 && sidno <= get_max_sidno());
  const Interval *other_iv;
  Interval_iterator ivit(this, sidno);
  while ((other_iv= other_ivit.get()) != NULL)
  {
    PROPAGATE_REPORTED_ERROR(remove_gno_interval(&ivit,
                                                 other_iv->start, other_iv->end,
                                                 lock));
    other_ivit.next();
  }
  RETURN_OK;
}


enum_return_status Gtid_set::add_gtid_set(const Gtid_set *other)
{
  DBUG_ENTER("Gtid_set::add_gtid_set(const Gtid_set *)");
  if (sid_lock != NULL)
    sid_lock->assert_some_wrlock();
  rpl_sidno max_other_sidno= other->get_max_sidno();
  Free_intervals_lock lock(this);
  if (other->sid_map == sid_map || other->sid_map == NULL || sid_map == NULL)
  {
    PROPAGATE_REPORTED_ERROR(ensure_sidno(max_other_sidno));
    for (rpl_sidno sidno= 1; sidno <= max_other_sidno; sidno++)
      PROPAGATE_REPORTED_ERROR(
        add_gno_intervals(sidno, Const_interval_iterator(other, sidno),
                          &lock));
  }
  else
  {
    /*
      This code is not being used but we will keep it as it may be
      useful to optimize gtids by avoiding sharing mappings from
      sid to sidno. For instance, the IO Thread and the SQL Thread
      may have different mappings in the future.
    */
    Sid_map *other_sid_map= other->sid_map;
    for (rpl_sidno other_sidno= 1; other_sidno <= max_other_sidno;
         other_sidno++)
    {
      Const_interval_iterator other_ivit(other, other_sidno);
      if (other_ivit.get() != NULL)
      {
        const rpl_sid &sid= other_sid_map->sidno_to_sid(other_sidno);
        rpl_sidno this_sidno= sid_map->add_sid(sid);
        if (this_sidno <= 0)
          RETURN_REPORTED_ERROR;
        PROPAGATE_REPORTED_ERROR(ensure_sidno(this_sidno));
        PROPAGATE_REPORTED_ERROR(add_gno_intervals(this_sidno, other_ivit,
                                                   &lock));
      }
    }
  }
  RETURN_OK;
}


enum_return_status Gtid_set::remove_gtid_set(const Gtid_set *other)
{
  DBUG_ENTER("Gtid_set::remove_gtid_set(Gtid_set *)");
  if (sid_lock != NULL)
    sid_lock->assert_some_wrlock();
  rpl_sidno max_other_sidno= other->get_max_sidno();
  Free_intervals_lock lock(this);
  if (other->sid_map == sid_map || other->sid_map == NULL || sid_map == NULL)
  {
    rpl_sidno max_sidno= min(max_other_sidno, get_max_sidno());
    for (rpl_sidno sidno= 1; sidno <= max_sidno; sidno++)
      PROPAGATE_REPORTED_ERROR(
        remove_gno_intervals(sidno, Const_interval_iterator(other, sidno),
                             &lock));
  }
  else
  {
    Sid_map *other_sid_map= other->sid_map;
    for (rpl_sidno other_sidno= 1; other_sidno <= max_other_sidno;
         other_sidno++)
    {
      Const_interval_iterator other_ivit(other, other_sidno);
      if (other_ivit.get() != NULL)
      {
        const rpl_sid &sid= other_sid_map->sidno_to_sid(other_sidno);
        rpl_sidno this_sidno= sid_map->sid_to_sidno(sid);
        if (this_sidno != 0)
          PROPAGATE_REPORTED_ERROR(
            remove_gno_intervals(this_sidno, other_ivit, &lock));
      }
    }
  }
  RETURN_OK;
}


bool Gtid_set::contains_gtid(rpl_sidno sidno, rpl_gno gno) const
{
  DBUG_ENTER("Gtid_set::contains_gtid");
  DBUG_ASSERT(sidno >= 1 && gno >= 1);
  if (sid_lock != NULL)
    sid_lock->assert_some_lock();
  if (sidno > get_max_sidno())
    DBUG_RETURN(false);
  Const_interval_iterator ivit(this, sidno);
  const Interval *iv;
  while ((iv= ivit.get()) != NULL)
  {
    if (gno < iv->start)
      DBUG_RETURN(false);
    else if (gno < iv->end)
      DBUG_RETURN(true);
    ivit.next();
  }
  DBUG_RETURN(false);
}

int Gtid_set::to_string(char **buf_arg, const Gtid_set::String_format *sf_arg) const
{
  DBUG_ENTER("Gtid_set::to_string");
  int len= get_string_length(sf_arg);
  *buf_arg= (char *)my_malloc(len + 1, MYF(MY_WME));
  if (*buf_arg == NULL)
    DBUG_RETURN(-1);
  to_string(*buf_arg, sf_arg);
  DBUG_RETURN(len);
}

int Gtid_set::to_string(char *buf, const Gtid_set::String_format *sf) const
{
  DBUG_ENTER("Gtid_set::to_string");
  DBUG_ASSERT(sid_map != NULL);
  if (sid_lock != NULL)
    sid_lock->assert_some_wrlock();
  if (sf == NULL)
    sf= &default_string_format;
  if (sf->empty_set_string != NULL && is_empty())
  {
    memcpy(buf, sf->empty_set_string, sf->empty_set_string_length);
    buf[sf->empty_set_string_length]= '\0';
    DBUG_RETURN(sf->empty_set_string_length);
  }
  rpl_sidno map_max_sidno= sid_map->get_max_sidno();
  DBUG_ASSERT(get_max_sidno() <= map_max_sidno);
  memcpy(buf, sf->begin, sf->begin_length);
  char *s= buf + sf->begin_length;
  bool first_sidno= true;
  for (int sid_i= 0; sid_i < map_max_sidno; sid_i++)
  {
    rpl_sidno sidno= sid_map->get_sorted_sidno(sid_i);
    if (contains_sidno(sidno))
    {
      Const_interval_iterator ivit(this, sidno);
      const Interval *iv= ivit.get();
      if (first_sidno)
        first_sidno= false;
      else
      {
        memcpy(s, sf->gno_sid_separator, sf->gno_sid_separator_length);
        s+= sf->gno_sid_separator_length;
      }
      s+= sid_map->sidno_to_sid(sidno).to_string(s);
      bool first_gno= true;
      do
      {
        if (first_gno)
        {
          memcpy(s, sf->sid_gno_separator, sf->sid_gno_separator_length);
          s+= sf->sid_gno_separator_length;
        }
        else
        {
          memcpy(s, sf->gno_gno_separator, sf->gno_gno_separator_length);
          s+= sf->gno_gno_separator_length;
        }
        s+= format_gno(s, iv->start);
        if (iv->end > iv->start + 1)
        {
          memcpy(s, sf->gno_start_end_separator,
                 sf->gno_start_end_separator_length);
          s+= sf->gno_start_end_separator_length;
          s+= format_gno(s, iv->end - 1);
        }
        ivit.next();
        iv= ivit.get();
      } while (iv != NULL);
    }
  }
  memcpy(s, sf->end, sf->end_length);
  s += sf->end_length;
  *s= '\0';
  DBUG_PRINT("info", ("ret='%s' strlen(s)=%lu s-buf=%lu get_string_length=%d", buf,
             (ulong) strlen(buf), (ulong) (s - buf), get_string_length(sf)));
  DBUG_ASSERT(s - buf == get_string_length(sf));
  DBUG_RETURN((int)(s - buf));
}


/**
  Returns the length that the given rpl_sidno (64 bit integer) would
  have, if it was encoded as a string.
*/
static int get_string_length(rpl_gno gno)
{
  DBUG_ASSERT(gno >= 1 && gno < MAX_GNO);
  rpl_gno tmp_gno= gno;
  int len= 0;
  do
  {
    tmp_gno /= 10;
    len++;
  } while (tmp_gno != 0);
#ifndef DBUG_OFF
  char buf[22];
  DBUG_ASSERT(snprintf(buf, 22, "%lld", gno) == len);
#endif
  return len;
}


int Gtid_set::get_string_length(const Gtid_set::String_format *sf) const
{
  DBUG_ASSERT(sid_map != NULL);
  if (sid_lock != NULL)
    sid_lock->assert_some_wrlock();
  if (sf == NULL)
    sf= &default_string_format;
  if (cached_string_length == -1 || cached_string_format != sf)
  {
    int n_sids= 0, n_intervals= 0, n_long_intervals= 0;
    int total_interval_length= 0;
    rpl_sidno max_sidno= get_max_sidno();
    for (rpl_sidno sidno= 1; sidno <= max_sidno; sidno++)
    {
      Const_interval_iterator ivit(this, sidno);
      const Interval *iv= ivit.get();
      if (iv != NULL)
      {
        n_sids++;
        do
        {
          n_intervals++;
          total_interval_length += ::get_string_length(iv->start);
          if (iv->end - 1 > iv->start)
          {
            n_long_intervals++;
            total_interval_length += ::get_string_length(iv->end - 1);
          }
          ivit.next();
          iv= ivit.get();
        } while (iv != NULL);
      }
    }
    if (n_sids == 0 && sf->empty_set_string != NULL)
      cached_string_length= sf->empty_set_string_length;
    else
    {
      cached_string_length= sf->begin_length + sf->end_length;
      if (n_sids > 0)
        cached_string_length+=
          total_interval_length +
          n_sids * (rpl_sid::TEXT_LENGTH + sf->sid_gno_separator_length) +
          (n_sids - 1) * sf->gno_sid_separator_length +
          (n_intervals - n_sids) * sf->gno_gno_separator_length +
          n_long_intervals * sf->gno_start_end_separator_length;
    }
    cached_string_format= sf;
  }
  return cached_string_length;
}

/*
  Functions sidno_equals() and equals() are only used by unitests
*/
#ifdef NON_DISABLED_UNITTEST_GTID
bool Gtid_set::sidno_equals(rpl_sidno sidno, const Gtid_set *other,
                            rpl_sidno other_sidno) const
{
  DBUG_ENTER("Gtid_set::sidno_equals");
  Const_interval_iterator ivit(this, sidno);
  Const_interval_iterator other_ivit(other, other_sidno);
  const Interval *iv= ivit.get();
  const Interval *other_iv= other_ivit.get();
  while (iv != NULL && other_iv != NULL)
  {
    if (!iv->equals(*other_iv))
      DBUG_RETURN(false);
    ivit.next();
    other_ivit.next();
    iv= ivit.get();
    other_iv= other_ivit.get();
  }
  if (iv != NULL || other_iv != NULL)
    DBUG_RETURN(false);
  DBUG_RETURN(true);
}


bool Gtid_set::equals(const Gtid_set *other) const
{
  DBUG_ENTER("Gtid_set::equals");

  if (sid_lock != NULL)
    sid_lock->assert_some_wrlock();
  if (other->sid_lock != NULL)
    other->sid_lock->assert_some_wrlock();
  if (sid_map == NULL || other->sid_map == NULL || sid_map == other->sid_map)
  {
    // in this case, we don't need to translate sidnos
    rpl_sidno max_sidno= get_max_sidno();
    rpl_sidno other_max_sidno= other->get_max_sidno();
    rpl_sidno common_max_sidno= min(max_sidno, other_max_sidno);
    if (max_sidno > common_max_sidno)
    {
      for (rpl_sidno sidno= common_max_sidno + 1; sidno < max_sidno; sidno++)
        if (contains_sidno(sidno))
          DBUG_RETURN(false);
    }
    else if (other_max_sidno > common_max_sidno)
    {
      for (rpl_sidno sidno= common_max_sidno + 1;
           sidno < other_max_sidno; sidno++)
        if (other->contains_sidno(sidno))
          DBUG_RETURN(false);
    }
    for (rpl_sidno sidno= 1; sidno <= common_max_sidno; sidno++)
      if (!sidno_equals(sidno, other, sidno))
        DBUG_RETURN(false);
    DBUG_RETURN(true);
  }

  Sid_map *other_sid_map= other->sid_map;
  rpl_sidno map_max_sidno= sid_map->get_max_sidno();
  rpl_sidno other_map_max_sidno= other_sid_map->get_max_sidno();

  int sid_i= 0, other_sid_i= 0;
  while (1)
  {
    rpl_sidno sidno= 0, other_sidno= 0; // set to 0 to avoid compilation warning
    // find next sidno (in order of increasing sid) for this set
    while (sid_i < map_max_sidno &&
           !contains_sidno(sidno= sid_map->get_sorted_sidno(sid_i)))
      sid_i++;
    // find next sidno (in order of increasing sid) for other set
    while (other_sid_i < other_map_max_sidno &&
           !other->contains_sidno(other_sidno=
                                  other_sid_map->get_sorted_sidno(other_sid_i)))
      other_sid_i++;
    // at least one of this and other reached the max sidno
    if (sid_i == map_max_sidno || other_sid_i == other_map_max_sidno)
      // return true iff both sets reached the max sidno
      DBUG_RETURN(sid_i == map_max_sidno && other_sid_i == other_map_max_sidno);
    // check if sids are equal
    const rpl_sid &sid= sid_map->sidno_to_sid(sidno);
    const rpl_sid &other_sid= other_sid_map->sidno_to_sid(other_sidno);
    if (!sid.equals(other_sid))
      DBUG_RETURN(false);
    // check if all intervals are equal
    if (!sidno_equals(sidno, other, other_sidno))
      DBUG_RETURN(false);
    sid_i++;
    other_sid_i++;
  }
  DBUG_ASSERT(0); // not reached
  DBUG_RETURN(true);
}
#endif


bool Gtid_set::is_interval_subset(Const_interval_iterator *sub,
                                  Const_interval_iterator *super)
{
  DBUG_ENTER("is_interval_subset");
  // check if all intervals for this sidno are contained in some
  // interval of super
  const Interval *super_iv= super->get();
  const Interval *sub_iv= sub->get();

  /*
    Algorithm: Let sub_iv iterate over intervals of sub.  For each
    sub_iv, skip over intervals of super that end before sub_iv.  When we
    find the first super-interval that does not end before sub_iv,
    check if it covers sub_iv.
  */
  do
  {
    if (super_iv == NULL)
      DBUG_RETURN(false);

    // Skip over 'smaller' intervals of super.
    while (sub_iv->start > super_iv->end)
    {
      super->next();
      super_iv= super->get();
      // If we reach end of super, then no interal covers sub_iv, so
      // sub is not a subset of super.
      if (super_iv == NULL)
        DBUG_RETURN(false);
    }

    // If super_iv does not cover sub_iv, then sub is not a subset of
    // super.
    if (sub_iv->start < super_iv->start || sub_iv->end > super_iv->end)
      DBUG_RETURN(false);

    // Next iteration.
    sub->next();
    sub_iv= sub->get();

  } while (sub_iv != NULL);

  // If every GNO in sub also exists in super, then it was a subset.
  DBUG_RETURN(true);
}

bool Gtid_set::is_subset_for_sid(const Gtid_set *super,
                                 rpl_sidno superset_sidno,
                                 rpl_sidno subset_sidno) const
{
  DBUG_ENTER("Gtid_set::is_subset_for_sidno");
  /*
    The following assert code is to see that caller acquired
    either write or read lock on global_sid_lock.
    Note that if it is read lock, then it should also
    acquire lock on sidno.
    i.e., the caller must acquire lock either A1 way or A2 way.
        A1. global_sid_lock.wrlock()
        A2. global_sid_lock.rdlock(); gtid_state.lock_sidno(sidno)
  */
  if (sid_lock != NULL)
    super->sid_lock->assert_some_lock();
  if (super->sid_lock != NULL)
    super->sid_lock->assert_some_lock();
  /*
    If subset(i.e, this object) does not have required sid in it, i.e.,
    subset_sidno is zero, then it means it is subset of any given
    super set. Hence return true.
  */
  if (subset_sidno == 0)
    DBUG_RETURN(true);
  /*
    If superset (i.e., the passed gtid_set) does not have given sid in it,
    i.e., superset_sidno is zero, then it means it cannot be superset
    to any given subset. Hence return false.
  */
  if (superset_sidno == 0)
    DBUG_RETURN(false);
  /*
    Once we have valid(non-zero) subset's and superset's sid numbers, call
    is_interval_subset().
  */
  Const_interval_iterator subset_ivit(this, subset_sidno);
  Const_interval_iterator superset_ivit(super, superset_sidno);
  if (!is_interval_subset(&subset_ivit, &superset_ivit))
    DBUG_RETURN(false);

  DBUG_RETURN(true);
}

bool Gtid_set::is_subset(const Gtid_set *super) const
{
  DBUG_ENTER("Gtid_set::is_subset");
  if (sid_lock != NULL)
    sid_lock->assert_some_wrlock();
  if (super->sid_lock != NULL)
    super->sid_lock->assert_some_wrlock();

  Sid_map *super_sid_map= super->sid_map;
  rpl_sidno max_sidno= get_max_sidno();
  rpl_sidno super_max_sidno= super->get_max_sidno();

  /*
    Iterate over sidnos of this Gtid_set where there is at least one
    interval.  For each such sidno, get the corresponding sidno of
    super, and then use is_interval_subset to look for GTIDs that
    exist in this but not in super.
  */
  for (int sidno= 1; sidno <= max_sidno; sidno++)
  {
    Const_interval_iterator ivit(this, sidno);
    const Interval *iv= ivit.get();
    if (iv != NULL)
    {

      // Get the corresponding super_sidno
      int super_sidno;
      if (super_sid_map == sid_map || super_sid_map == NULL || sid_map == NULL)
        super_sidno= sidno;
      else
      {
        super_sidno= super_sid_map->sid_to_sidno(sid_map->sidno_to_sid(sidno));
        if (super_sidno == 0)
          DBUG_RETURN(false);
      }
      if (super_sidno > super_max_sidno)
        DBUG_RETURN(false);

      // Check if all GNOs in this Gtid_set for sidno exist in other
      // Gtid_set for super_
      Const_interval_iterator super_ivit(super, super_sidno);
      if (!is_interval_subset(&ivit, &super_ivit))
        DBUG_RETURN(false);
    }
  }

  // If the GNOs for every SIDNO of sub existed in super, then it was
  // a subset.
  DBUG_RETURN(true);
}


bool Gtid_set::is_interval_intersection_nonempty(Const_interval_iterator *ivit1,
                                                 Const_interval_iterator *ivit2)
{
  DBUG_ENTER("is_interval_intersection_nonempty");
  const Interval *iv1= ivit1->get();
  const Interval *iv2= ivit2->get();
  DBUG_ASSERT(iv1 != NULL);
  if (iv2 == NULL)
    DBUG_RETURN(false);

  /*
    Algorithm: Let iv1 iterate over all intervals of ivit1.  For each
    iv1, skip over intervals of iv2 that end before iv1.  When we
    reach the first interval that does not end before iv1, check if it
    intersects with iv1.
  */
  do
  {

    // Skip over intervals of iv2 that end before iv1.
    while (iv2->end <= iv1->start)
    {
      ivit2->next();
      iv2= ivit2->get();
      // If we reached the end of ivit2, then there is no intersection.
      if (iv2 == NULL)
        DBUG_RETURN(false);
    }

    // If iv1 and iv2 intersect, return true.
    if (iv2->start < iv1->end)
      DBUG_RETURN(true);

    // Next iteration.
    ivit1->next();
    iv1= ivit1->get();

  } while (iv1 != NULL);

  // If we iterated over all intervals of ivit1 without finding any
  // intersection with ivit2, then there is no intersection.
  DBUG_RETURN(false);
}


bool Gtid_set::is_intersection_nonempty(const Gtid_set *other) const
{
  DBUG_ENTER("Gtid_set::is_intersection_nonempty(Gtid_set *)");
  /*
    This could in principle be implemented as follows:

    Gtid_set this_minus_other(sid_map);
    this_minus_other.add_gtid_set(this);
    this_minus_other.remove_gtid_set(other);
    bool ret= equals(&this_minus_other);
    DBUG_RETURN(ret);

    However, that does not check the return values from add_gtid_set
    or remove_gtid_set, and there is no way for this function to
    return an error.
  */
  if (sid_lock != NULL)
    sid_lock->assert_some_wrlock();
  if (other->sid_lock != NULL)
    other->sid_lock->assert_some_wrlock();

  Sid_map *other_sid_map= other->sid_map;
  rpl_sidno max_sidno= get_max_sidno();
  rpl_sidno other_max_sidno= other->get_max_sidno();

  /*
    Algorithm: iterate over all sidnos of this Gtid_set where there is
    at least one interval.  For each such sidno, find the
    corresponding sidno of the other set.  Then use
    is_interval_intersection_nonempty to check if there are any GTIDs
    that are common to the two sets for this sidno.
  */
  for (int sidno= 1; sidno <= max_sidno; sidno++)
  {
    Const_interval_iterator ivit(this, sidno);
    const Interval *iv= ivit.get();
    if (iv != NULL)
    {

      // Get the corresponding other_sidno.
      int other_sidno= 0;
      if (other_sid_map == sid_map || other_sid_map == NULL || sid_map == NULL)
        other_sidno= sidno;
      else
      {
        other_sidno= other_sid_map->sid_to_sidno(sid_map->sidno_to_sid(sidno));
        if (other_sidno == 0)
          continue;
      }
      if (other_sidno > other_max_sidno)
        continue;

      // Check if there is any GNO in this for sidno that also exists
      // in other for other_sidno.
      Const_interval_iterator other_ivit(other, other_sidno);
      if (is_interval_intersection_nonempty(&ivit, &other_ivit))
        DBUG_RETURN(true);
    }
  }
  DBUG_RETURN(false);
}


enum_return_status
Gtid_set::intersection(const Gtid_set *other, Gtid_set *result)
{
  DBUG_ENTER("Gtid_set::intersection(Gtid_set *, Gtid_set *)");
  if (sid_lock != NULL)
    sid_lock->assert_some_wrlock();
  DBUG_ASSERT(result != NULL);
  DBUG_ASSERT(other != NULL);
  DBUG_ASSERT(result != this);
  DBUG_ASSERT(result != other);
  DBUG_ASSERT(other != this);
  /**
    @todo: This algorithm is simple, a little bit slower than
    necessary.  It would be more efficient to iterate over intervals
    of 'this' and 'other' similar to add_gno_interval(). At the moment
    the performance of this is not super-important. /Sven
  */
  Gtid_set this_minus_other(sid_map);
  Gtid_set intersection(sid_map);
  // In set theory, intersection(A, B) == A - (A - B)
  PROPAGATE_REPORTED_ERROR(this_minus_other.add_gtid_set(this));
  PROPAGATE_REPORTED_ERROR(this_minus_other.remove_gtid_set(other));
  PROPAGATE_REPORTED_ERROR(intersection.add_gtid_set(this));
  PROPAGATE_REPORTED_ERROR(intersection.remove_gtid_set(&this_minus_other));
  PROPAGATE_REPORTED_ERROR(result->add_gtid_set(&intersection));
  RETURN_OK;
}


void Gtid_set::encode(uchar *buf) const
{
  DBUG_ENTER("Gtid_set::encode(uchar *)");
  if (sid_lock != NULL)
    sid_lock->assert_some_wrlock();
  // make place for number of sids
  uint64 n_sids= 0;
  uchar *n_sids_p= buf;
  buf+= 8;
  // iterate over sidnos
  rpl_sidno sidmap_max_sidno= sid_map->get_max_sidno();
  rpl_sidno max_sidno= get_max_sidno();
  for (rpl_sidno sid_i= 0; sid_i < sidmap_max_sidno; sid_i++)
  {
    rpl_sidno sidno= sid_map->get_sorted_sidno(sid_i);
    // it is possible that the sid_map has more SIDNOs than the set.
    if (sidno > max_sidno)
      continue;
    DBUG_PRINT("info", ("sid_i=%d sidno=%d max_sidno=%d sid_map->max_sidno=%d",
                        sid_i, sidno, max_sidno, sid_map->get_max_sidno()));
    Const_interval_iterator ivit(this, sidno);
    const Interval *iv= ivit.get();
    if (iv != NULL)
    {
      n_sids++;
      // store SID
      sid_map->sidno_to_sid(sidno).copy_to(buf);
      buf+= rpl_sid::BYTE_LENGTH;
      // make place for number of intervals
      uint64 n_intervals= 0;
      uchar *n_intervals_p= buf;
      buf+= 8;
      // iterate over intervals
      do
      {
        n_intervals++;
        // store one interval
        int8store(buf, iv->start);
        buf+= 8;
        int8store(buf, iv->end);
        buf+= 8;
        // iterate to next interval
        ivit.next();
        iv= ivit.get();
      } while (iv != NULL);
      // store number of intervals
      int8store(n_intervals_p, n_intervals);
    }
  }
  // store number of sids
  int8store(n_sids_p, n_sids);
  DBUG_ASSERT(buf - n_sids_p == (int)get_encoded_length());
  DBUG_VOID_RETURN;
}


enum_return_status Gtid_set::add_gtid_encoding(const uchar *encoded,
                                               size_t length,
                                               size_t *actual_length)
{
  DBUG_ENTER("Gtid_set::add_gtid_encoding(const uchar *, size_t)");
  if (sid_lock != NULL)
    sid_lock->assert_some_wrlock();
  size_t pos= 0;
  uint64 n_sids;
  Free_intervals_lock lock(this);
  // read number of SIDs
  if (length < 8)
  {
    DBUG_PRINT("error", ("(length=%lu) < 8", (ulong) length));
    goto report_error;
  }
  n_sids= uint8korr(encoded);
  pos+= 8;
  // iterate over SIDs
  for (uint i= 0; i < n_sids; i++)
  {
    // read SID and number of intervals
    if (length - pos < 16 + 8)
    {
      DBUG_PRINT("error", ("(length=%lu) - (pos=%lu) < 16 + 8. "
                           "[n_sids=%llu i=%u]",
                           (ulong) length, (ulong) pos, n_sids, i));
      goto report_error;
    }
    rpl_sid sid;
    sid.copy_from(encoded + pos);
    pos+= 16;
    uint64 n_intervals= uint8korr(encoded + pos);
    pos+= 8;
    rpl_sidno sidno= sid_map->add_sid(sid);
    if (sidno < 0)
    {
      DBUG_PRINT("error", ("sidno=%d", sidno));
      RETURN_REPORTED_ERROR;
    }
    PROPAGATE_REPORTED_ERROR(ensure_sidno(sidno));
    // iterate over intervals
    if (length - pos < 2 * 8 * n_intervals)
    {
      DBUG_PRINT("error", ("(length=%lu) - (pos=%lu) < 2 * 8 * (n_intervals=%llu)",
                           (ulong) length, (ulong) pos, n_intervals));
      goto report_error;
    }
    Interval_iterator ivit(this, sidno);
    rpl_gno last= 0;
    for (uint i= 0; i < n_intervals; i++)
    {
      // read one interval
      rpl_gno start= sint8korr(encoded + pos);
      pos+= 8;
      rpl_gno end= sint8korr(encoded + pos);
      pos+= 8;
      if (start <= last || end <= start)
      {
        DBUG_PRINT("error", ("last=%lld start=%lld end=%lld",
                             last, start, end));
        goto report_error;
      }
      last= end;
      // Add interval.  Use the existing iterator position if the
      // current interval does not begin before it.  Otherwise iterate
      // from the beginning.
      Interval *current= ivit.get();
      if (current == NULL || start < current->start)
        ivit.init(this, sidno);
      DBUG_PRINT("info", ("adding %d:%lld-%lld", sidno, start, end - 1));
      PROPAGATE_REPORTED_ERROR(add_gno_interval(&ivit, start, end, &lock));
    }
  }
  DBUG_ASSERT(pos <= length);
  if (actual_length == NULL)
  {
    if (pos != length)
    {
      DBUG_PRINT("error", ("(pos=%lu) != (length=%lu)", (ulong) pos,
                 (ulong) length));
      goto report_error;
    }
  }
  else
    *actual_length= pos;

  RETURN_OK;

report_error:
  BINLOG_ERROR(("Malformed GTID_set encoding."),
               (ER_MALFORMED_GTID_SET_ENCODING, MYF(0)));
  RETURN_REPORTED_ERROR;
}


size_t Gtid_set::get_encoded_length() const
{
  if (sid_lock != NULL)
    sid_lock->assert_some_wrlock();
  size_t ret= 8;
  rpl_sidno max_sidno= get_max_sidno();
  for (rpl_sidno sidno= 1; sidno <= max_sidno; sidno++)
    if (contains_sidno(sidno))
      ret+= 16 + 8 + 2 * 8 * get_n_intervals(sidno);
  return ret;
}