hadoop/net/DNS.java

/**
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.hadoop.net;

import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.NetworkInterface;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.Vector;

import javax.naming.NamingException;
import javax.naming.directory.Attributes;
import javax.naming.directory.DirContext;
import javax.naming.directory.InitialDirContext;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

/**
 *
 * A class that provides direct and reverse lookup functionalities, allowing
 * the querying of specific network interfaces or nameservers.
 *
 *
 */
public class DNS {

  public static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(DNS.class);

  /**
   * Returns the hostname associated with the specified IP address by the
   * provided nameserver.
   *
   * @param hostIp
   *            The address to reverse lookup
   * @param ns
   *            The host name of a reachable DNS server
   * @return The host name associated with the provided IP
   * @throws NamingException
   *             If a NamingException is encountered
   */
  public static String reverseDns(InetAddress hostIp, String ns)
    throws NamingException {
    //
    // Builds the reverse IP lookup form
    // This is formed by reversing the IP numbers and appending in-addr.arpa
    //
    String[] parts = hostIp.getHostAddress().split("\\.");
    String reverseIP = parts[3] + "." + parts[2] + "." + parts[1] + "."
      + parts[0] + ".in-addr.arpa";

    DirContext ictx = new InitialDirContext();
    Attributes attribute =
      ictx.getAttributes("dns://"               // Use "dns:///" if the default
                         + ((ns == null) ? "" : ns) +
                         // nameserver is to be used
                         "/" + reverseIP, new String[] { "PTR" });
    ictx.close();

    String hostname = attribute.get("PTR").get().toString();
    int hostnameLength = hostname.length();
    if (hostname.charAt(hostnameLength - 1) == '.') {
      hostname = hostname.substring(0, hostnameLength - 1);
    }
    return hostname;
  }

  /**
   * @return NetworkInterface for the given subinterface name (eg eth0:0)
   *    or null if no interface with the given name can be found
   */
  private static NetworkInterface getSubinterface(String strInterface)
      throws SocketException {
    Enumeration<NetworkInterface> nifs =
      NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces();

    while (nifs.hasMoreElements()) {
      Enumeration<NetworkInterface> subNifs =
        nifs.nextElement().getSubInterfaces();

      while (subNifs.hasMoreElements()) {
        NetworkInterface nif = subNifs.nextElement();
        if (nif.getName().equals(strInterface)) {
          return nif;
        }
      }
    }
    return null;
  }

  /**
   * @param nif network interface to get addresses for
   * @return set containing addresses for each subinterface of nif,
   *    see below for the rationale for using an ordered set
   */
  private static LinkedHashSet<InetAddress> getSubinterfaceInetAddrs(
      NetworkInterface nif) {
    LinkedHashSet<InetAddress> addrs = new LinkedHashSet<InetAddress>();
    Enumeration<NetworkInterface> subNifs = nif.getSubInterfaces();
    while (subNifs.hasMoreElements()) {
      NetworkInterface subNif = subNifs.nextElement();
      addrs.addAll(Collections.list(subNif.getInetAddresses()));
    }
    return addrs;
  }

  /**
   * Like {@link DNS#getIPs(String, boolean)}, but returns all
   * IPs associated with the given interface and its subinterfaces.
   */
  public static String[] getIPs(String strInterface)
      throws UnknownHostException {
    return getIPs(strInterface, true);
  }

  /**
   * Returns all the IPs associated with the provided interface, if any, in
   * textual form.
   *
   * @param strInterface
   *            The name of the network interface or subinterface to query
   *            (eg eth0 or eth0:0) or the string "default"
   * @param returnSubinterfaces
   *            Whether to return IPs associated with subinterfaces of
   *            the given interface
   * @return A string vector of all the IPs associated with the provided
   *         interface
   * @throws UnknownHostException
   *             If an UnknownHostException is encountered in querying the
   *             default interface or the given interface can not be found
   *
   */
  public static String[] getIPs(String strInterface,
      boolean returnSubinterfaces) throws UnknownHostException {
    if ("default".equals(strInterface)) {
      return new String[] {
          InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress()
      };
    }
    NetworkInterface netIf;
    try {
      netIf = NetworkInterface.getByName(strInterface);
      if (netIf == null) {
        netIf = getSubinterface(strInterface);
        if (netIf == null) {
          throw new UnknownHostException("Unknown interface " + strInterface);
        }
      }
    } catch (SocketException e) {
      LOG.warn("Unable to get IP for interface " + strInterface, e);
      return new String[] {
          InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress()
      };
    }

    // NB: Using a LinkedHashSet to preserve the order for callers
    // that depend on a particular element being 1st in the array.
    // For example, getDefaultIP always returns the first element.
    LinkedHashSet<InetAddress> allAddrs = new LinkedHashSet<InetAddress>();
    allAddrs.addAll(Collections.list(netIf.getInetAddresses()));
    if (!returnSubinterfaces) {
      allAddrs.removeAll(getSubinterfaceInetAddrs(netIf));
    }

    String ips[] = new String[allAddrs.size()];
    int i = 0;
    for (InetAddress addr : allAddrs) {
      ips[i++] = addr.getHostAddress();
    }
    return ips;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the first available IP address associated with the provided
   * network interface
   *
   * @param strInterface
   *            The name of the network interface or subinterface to query
   *            (e.g. eth0 or eth0:0) or the string "default"
   * @return The IP address in text form
   * @throws UnknownHostException
   *             If one is encountered in querying the default interface
   */
  public static String getDefaultIP(String strInterface)
    throws UnknownHostException {
    String[] ips = getIPs(strInterface);
    return ips[0];
  }

  /**
   * Returns all the host names associated by the provided nameserver with the
   * address bound to the specified network interface
   *
   * @param strInterface
   *            The name of the network interface or subinterface to query
   *            (e.g. eth0 or eth0:0) or the string "default"
   * @param nameserver
   *            The DNS host name
   * @return A string vector of all host names associated with the IPs tied to
   *         the specified interface
   * @throws UnknownHostException
   */
  public static String[] getHosts(String strInterface, String nameserver)
    throws UnknownHostException {
    String[] ips = getIPs(strInterface);
    Vector<String> hosts = new Vector<String>();
    for (int ctr = 0; ctr < ips.length; ctr++)
      try {
        hosts.add(reverseDns(InetAddress.getByName(ips[ctr]),
                             nameserver));
      } catch (Exception e) {
      }

    if (hosts.size() == 0)
      return new String[] { InetAddress.getLocalHost().getCanonicalHostName() };
    else
      return hosts.toArray(new String[] {});
  }

  /**
   * Returns all the host names associated by the default nameserver with the
   * address bound to the specified network interface
   *
   * @param strInterface
   *            The name of the network interface to query (e.g. eth0)
   * @return The list of host names associated with IPs bound to the network
   *         interface
   * @throws UnknownHostException
   *             If one is encountered while querying the deault interface
   *
   */
  public static String[] getHosts(String strInterface)
    throws UnknownHostException {
    return getHosts(strInterface, null);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the default (first) host name associated by the provided
   * nameserver with the address bound to the specified network interface
   *
   * @param strInterface
   *            The name of the network interface to query (e.g. eth0)
   * @param nameserver
   *            The DNS host name
   * @return The default host names associated with IPs bound to the network
   *         interface
   * @throws UnknownHostException
   *             If one is encountered while querying the deault interface
   */
  public static String getDefaultHost(String strInterface, String nameserver)
    throws UnknownHostException {
    if (strInterface.equals("default"))
      return InetAddress.getLocalHost().getCanonicalHostName();

    if (nameserver != null && nameserver.equals("default"))
      return getDefaultHost(strInterface);

    String[] hosts = getHosts(strInterface, nameserver);
    return hosts[0];
  }

  /**
   * Returns the default (first) host name associated by the default
   * nameserver with the address bound to the specified network interface
   *
   * @param strInterface
   *            The name of the network interface to query (e.g. eth0)
   * @return The default host name associated with IPs bound to the network
   *         interface
   * @throws UnknownHostException
   *             If one is encountered while querying the deault interface
   */
  public static String getDefaultHost(String strInterface)
    throws UnknownHostException {
    return getDefaultHost(strInterface, null);
  }

}