network/access/qnetworkcookie.cpp

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#include "qnetworkcookie.h"
#include "qnetworkcookie_p.h"

#include "qnetworkrequest.h"
#include "qnetworkreply.h"
#include "QtCore/qbytearray.h"
#include "QtCore/qdebug.h"
#include "QtCore/qlist.h"
#include "QtCore/qlocale.h"
#include <QtCore/qregexp.h>
#include "QtCore/qstring.h"
#include "QtCore/qstringlist.h"
#include "QtCore/qurl.h"
#include "QtNetwork/qhostaddress.h"
#include "private/qobject_p.h"

QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE

/*!
    \class QNetworkCookie
    \since 4.4
    \ingroup shared
    \inmodule QtNetwork

    \brief The QNetworkCookie class holds one network cookie.

    Cookies are small bits of information that stateless protocols
    like HTTP use to maintain some persistent information across
    requests.

    A cookie is set by a remote server when it replies to a request
    and it expects the same cookie to be sent back when further
    requests are sent.

    QNetworkCookie holds one such cookie as received from the
    network. A cookie has a name and a value, but those are opaque to
    the application (that is, the information stored in them has no
    meaning to the application). A cookie has an associated path name
    and domain, which indicate when the cookie should be sent again to
    the server.

    A cookie can also have an expiration date, indicating its
    validity. If the expiration date is not present, the cookie is
    considered a "session cookie" and should be discarded when the
    application exits (or when its concept of session is over).

    QNetworkCookie provides a way of parsing a cookie from the HTTP
    header format using the QNetworkCookie::parseCookies()
    function. However, when received in a QNetworkReply, the cookie is
    already parsed.

    This class implements cookies as described by the
    \l{Netscape Cookie Specification}{initial cookie specification by
    Netscape}, which is somewhat similar to the \l{http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2109.txt}{RFC 2109} specification,
    plus the \l{Mitigating Cross-site Scripting With HTTP-only Cookies}
    {"HttpOnly" extension}. The more recent \l{http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2965.txt}{RFC 2965} specification
    (which uses the Set-Cookie2 header) is not supported.

    \sa QNetworkCookieJar, QNetworkRequest, QNetworkReply
*/

/*!
    Create a new QNetworkCookie object, initializing the cookie name
    to \a name and its value to \a value.

    A cookie is only valid if it has a name. However, the value is
    opaque to the application and being empty may have significance to
    the remote server.
*/
QNetworkCookie::QNetworkCookie(const QByteArray &name, const QByteArray &value)
    : d(new QNetworkCookiePrivate)
{
    qRegisterMetaType<QNetworkCookie>();
    qRegisterMetaType<QList<QNetworkCookie> >();

    d->name = name;
    d->value = value;
}

/*!
    Creates a new QNetworkCookie object by copying the contents of \a
    other.
*/
QNetworkCookie::QNetworkCookie(const QNetworkCookie &other)
    : d(other.d)
{
}

/*!
    Destroys this QNetworkCookie object.
*/
QNetworkCookie::~QNetworkCookie()
{
    // QSharedDataPointer auto deletes
    d = nullptr;
}

/*!
    Copies the contents of the QNetworkCookie object \a other to this
    object.
*/
QNetworkCookie &QNetworkCookie::operator=(const QNetworkCookie &other)
{
    d = other.d;
    return *this;
}

/*!
    \fn void QNetworkCookie::swap(QNetworkCookie &other)
    \since 5.0

    Swaps this cookie with \a other. This function is very fast and
    never fails.
*/

/*!
    \fn bool QNetworkCookie::operator!=(const QNetworkCookie &other) const

    Returns \c true if this cookie is not equal to \a other.

    \sa operator==()
*/

/*!
    \since 5.0
    Returns \c true if this cookie is equal to \a other. This function
    only returns \c true if all fields of the cookie are the same.

    However, in some contexts, two cookies of the same name could be
    considered equal.

    \sa operator!=(), hasSameIdentifier()
*/
bool QNetworkCookie::operator==(const QNetworkCookie &other) const
{
    if (d == other.d)
        return true;
    return d->name == other.d->name &&
        d->value == other.d->value &&
        d->expirationDate.toUTC() == other.d->expirationDate.toUTC() &&
        d->domain == other.d->domain &&
        d->path == other.d->path &&
        d->secure == other.d->secure &&
        d->comment == other.d->comment &&
        d->sameSite == other.d->sameSite;
}

/*!
    Returns \c true if this cookie has the same identifier tuple as \a other.
    The identifier tuple is composed of the name, domain and path.

    \sa operator==()
*/
bool QNetworkCookie::hasSameIdentifier(const QNetworkCookie &other) const
{
    return d->name == other.d->name && d->domain == other.d->domain && d->path == other.d->path;
}

/*!
    Returns \c true if the "secure" option was specified in the cookie
    string, false otherwise.

    Secure cookies may contain private information and should not be
    resent over unencrypted connections.

    \sa setSecure()
*/
bool QNetworkCookie::isSecure() const
{
    return d->secure;
}

/*!
    Sets the secure flag of this cookie to \a enable.

    Secure cookies may contain private information and should not be
    resent over unencrypted connections.

    \sa isSecure()
*/
void QNetworkCookie::setSecure(bool enable)
{
    d->secure = enable;
}

/*!
    \since 4.5

    Returns \c true if the "HttpOnly" flag is enabled for this cookie.

    A cookie that is "HttpOnly" is only set and retrieved by the
    network requests and replies; i.e., the HTTP protocol. It is not
    accessible from scripts running on browsers.

    \sa isSecure()
*/
bool QNetworkCookie::isHttpOnly() const
{
    return d->httpOnly;
}

/*!
    \since 4.5

    Sets this cookie's "HttpOnly" flag to \a enable.
*/
void QNetworkCookie::setHttpOnly(bool enable)
{
    d->httpOnly = enable;
}

/*!
    Returns \c true if this cookie is a session cookie. A session cookie
    is a cookie which has no expiration date, which means it should be
    discarded when the application's concept of session is over
    (usually, when the application exits).

    \sa expirationDate(), setExpirationDate()
*/
bool QNetworkCookie::isSessionCookie() const
{
    return !d->expirationDate.isValid();
}

/*!
    Returns the expiration date for this cookie. If this cookie is a
    session cookie, the QDateTime returned will not be valid. If the
    date is in the past, this cookie has already expired and should
    not be sent again back to a remote server.

    The expiration date corresponds to the parameters of the "expires"
    entry in the cookie string.

    \sa isSessionCookie(), setExpirationDate()
*/
QDateTime QNetworkCookie::expirationDate() const
{
    return d->expirationDate;
}

/*!
    Sets the expiration date of this cookie to \a date. Setting an
    invalid expiration date to this cookie will mean it's a session
    cookie.

    \sa isSessionCookie(), expirationDate()
*/
void QNetworkCookie::setExpirationDate(const QDateTime &date)
{
    d->expirationDate = date;
}

/*!
    Returns the domain this cookie is associated with. This
    corresponds to the "domain" field of the cookie string.

    Note that the domain here may start with a dot, which is not a
    valid hostname. However, it means this cookie matches all
    hostnames ending with that domain name.

    \sa setDomain()
*/
QString QNetworkCookie::domain() const
{
    return d->domain;
}

/*!
    Sets the domain associated with this cookie to be \a domain.

    \sa domain()
*/
void QNetworkCookie::setDomain(const QString &domain)
{
    d->domain = domain;
}

/*!
    Returns the path associated with this cookie. This corresponds to
    the "path" field of the cookie string.

    \sa setPath()
*/
QString QNetworkCookie::path() const
{
    return d->path;
}

/*!
    Sets the path associated with this cookie to be \a path.

    \sa path()
*/
void QNetworkCookie::setPath(const QString &path)
{
    d->path = path;
}

/*!
    Returns the name of this cookie. The only mandatory field of a
    cookie is its name, without which it is not considered valid.

    \sa setName(), value()
*/
QByteArray QNetworkCookie::name() const
{
    return d->name;
}

/*!
    Sets the name of this cookie to be \a cookieName. Note that
    setting a cookie name to an empty QByteArray will make this cookie
    invalid.

    \sa name(), value()
*/
void QNetworkCookie::setName(const QByteArray &cookieName)
{
    d->name = cookieName;
}

/*!
    Returns this cookies value, as specified in the cookie
    string. Note that a cookie is still valid if its value is empty.

    Cookie name-value pairs are considered opaque to the application:
    that is, their values don't mean anything.

    \sa setValue(), name()
*/
QByteArray QNetworkCookie::value() const
{
    return d->value;
}

/*!
    Sets the value of this cookie to be \a value.

    \sa value(), name()
*/
void QNetworkCookie::setValue(const QByteArray &value)
{
    d->value = value;
}

// ### move this to qnetworkcookie_p.h and share with qnetworkaccesshttpbackend
static QPair<QByteArray, QByteArray> nextField(const QByteArray &text, int &position, bool isNameValue)
{
    // format is one of:
    //    (1)  token
    //    (2)  token = token
    //    (3)  token = quoted-string
    const int length = text.length();
    position = nextNonWhitespace(text, position);

    int semiColonPosition = text.indexOf(';', position);
    if (semiColonPosition < 0)
        semiColonPosition = length; //no ';' means take everything to end of string

    int equalsPosition = text.indexOf('=', position);
    if (equalsPosition < 0 || equalsPosition > semiColonPosition) {
        if (isNameValue)
            return qMakePair(QByteArray(), QByteArray()); //'=' is required for name-value-pair (RFC6265 section 5.2, rule 2)
        equalsPosition = semiColonPosition; //no '=' means there is an attribute-name but no attribute-value
    }

    QByteArray first = text.mid(position, equalsPosition - position).trimmed();
    QByteArray second;
    int secondLength = semiColonPosition - equalsPosition - 1;
    if (secondLength > 0)
        second = text.mid(equalsPosition + 1, secondLength).trimmed();

    position = semiColonPosition;
    return qMakePair(first, second);
}

/*!
    \enum QNetworkCookie::RawForm

    This enum is used with the toRawForm() function to declare which
    form of a cookie shall be returned.

    \value NameAndValueOnly     makes toRawForm() return only the
        "NAME=VALUE" part of the cookie, as suitable for sending back
        to a server in a client request's "Cookie:" header. Multiple
        cookies are separated by a semi-colon in the "Cookie:" header
        field.

    \value Full                 makes toRawForm() return the full
        cookie contents, as suitable for sending to a client in a
        server's "Set-Cookie:" header.

    Note that only the Full form of the cookie can be parsed back into
    its original contents.

    \sa toRawForm(), parseCookies()
*/

/*!
    Returns the raw form of this QNetworkCookie. The QByteArray
    returned by this function is suitable for an HTTP header, either
    in a server response (the Set-Cookie header) or the client request
    (the Cookie header). You can choose from one of two formats, using
    \a form.

    \sa parseCookies()
*/
QByteArray QNetworkCookie::toRawForm(RawForm form) const
{
    QByteArray result;
    if (d->name.isEmpty())
        return result;          // not a valid cookie

    result = d->name;
    result += '=';
    result += d->value;

    if (form == Full) {
        // same as above, but encoding everything back
        if (isSecure())
            result += "; secure";
        if (isHttpOnly())
            result += "; HttpOnly";
        if (!d->sameSite.isEmpty()) {
            result += "; SameSite=";
            result += d->sameSite;
        }
        if (!isSessionCookie()) {
            result += "; expires=";
            result += QLocale::c().toString(d->expirationDate.toUTC(),
                                            QLatin1String("ddd, dd-MMM-yyyy hh:mm:ss 'GMT")).toLatin1();
        }
        if (!d->domain.isEmpty()) {
            result += "; domain=";
            if (d->domain.startsWith(QLatin1Char('.'))) {
                result += '.';
                result += QUrl::toAce(d->domain.mid(1));
            } else {
                QHostAddress hostAddr(d->domain);
                if (hostAddr.protocol() == QAbstractSocket::IPv6Protocol) {
                    result += '[';
                    result += d->domain.toUtf8();
                    result += ']';
                } else {
                    result += QUrl::toAce(d->domain);
                }
            }
        }
        if (!d->path.isEmpty()) {
            result += "; path=";
            result += d->path.toUtf8();
        }
    }
    return result;
}

static const char zones[] =
    "pst\0" // -8
    "pdt\0"
    "mst\0" // -7
    "mdt\0"
    "cst\0" // -6
    "cdt\0"
    "est\0" // -5
    "edt\0"
    "ast\0" // -4
    "nst\0" // -3
    "gmt\0" // 0
    "utc\0"
    "bst\0"
    "met\0" // 1
    "eet\0" // 2
    "jst\0" // 9
    "\0";
static const int zoneOffsets[] = {-8, -8, -7, -7, -6, -6, -5, -5, -4, -3, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 9 };

static const char months[] =
    "jan\0"
    "feb\0"
    "mar\0"
    "apr\0"
    "may\0"
    "jun\0"
    "jul\0"
    "aug\0"
    "sep\0"
    "oct\0"
    "nov\0"
    "dec\0"
    "\0";

static inline bool isNumber(char s)
{ return s >= '0' && s <= '9'; }

static inline bool isTerminator(char c)
{ return c == '\n' || c == '\r'; }

static inline bool isValueSeparator(char c)
{ return isTerminator(c) || c == ';'; }

static inline bool isWhitespace(char c)
{ return c == ' '  || c == '\t'; }

static bool checkStaticArray(int &val, const QByteArray &dateString, int at, const char *array, int size)
{
    if (dateString[at] < 'a' || dateString[at] > 'z')
        return false;
    if (val == -1 && dateString.length() >= at + 3) {
        int j = 0;
        int i = 0;
        while (i <= size) {
            const char *str = array + i;
            if (str[0] == dateString[at]
                && str[1] == dateString[at + 1]
                && str[2] == dateString[at + 2]) {
                val = j;
                return true;
            }
            i += int(strlen(str)) + 1;
            ++j;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

//#define PARSEDATESTRINGDEBUG

#define ADAY   1
#define AMONTH 2
#define AYEAR  4

/*
    Parse all the date formats that Firefox can.

    The official format is:
    expires=ddd(d)?, dd-MMM-yyyy hh:mm:ss GMT

    But browsers have been supporting a very wide range of date
    strings. To work on many sites we need to support more then
    just the official date format.

    For reference see Firefox's PR_ParseTimeStringToExplodedTime in
    prtime.c. The Firefox date parser is coded in a very complex way
    and is slightly over ~700 lines long.  While this implementation
    will be slightly slower for the non standard dates it is smaller,
    more readable, and maintainable.

    Or in their own words:
        "} // else what the hell is this."
*/
static QDateTime parseDateString(const QByteArray &dateString)
{
    QTime time;
    // placeholders for values when we are not sure it is a year, month or day
    int unknown[3] = {-1, -1, -1};
    int month = -1;
    int day = -1;
    int year = -1;
    int zoneOffset = -1;

    // hour:minute:second.ms pm
    QRegExp timeRx(QLatin1String("(\\d{1,2}):(\\d{1,2})(:(\\d{1,2})|)(\\.(\\d{1,3})|)((\\s{0,}(am|pm))|)"));

    int at = 0;
    while (at < dateString.length()) {
#ifdef PARSEDATESTRINGDEBUG
        qDebug() << dateString.mid(at);
#endif
        bool isNum = isNumber(dateString[at]);

        // Month
        if (!isNum
            && checkStaticArray(month, dateString, at, months, sizeof(months)- 1)) {
            ++month;
#ifdef PARSEDATESTRINGDEBUG
            qDebug() << "Month:" << month;
#endif
            at += 3;
            continue;
        }
        // Zone
        if (!isNum
            && zoneOffset == -1
            && checkStaticArray(zoneOffset, dateString, at, zones, sizeof(zones)- 1)) {
            int sign = (at >= 0 && dateString[at - 1] == '-') ? -1 : 1;
            zoneOffset = sign * zoneOffsets[zoneOffset] * 60 * 60;
#ifdef PARSEDATESTRINGDEBUG
            qDebug() << "Zone:" << month;
#endif
            at += 3;
            continue;
        }
        // Zone offset
        if (!isNum
            && (zoneOffset == -1 || zoneOffset == 0) // Can only go after gmt
            && (dateString[at] == '+' || dateString[at] == '-')
            && (at == 0
                || isWhitespace(dateString[at - 1])
                || dateString[at - 1] == ','
                || (at >= 3
                    && (dateString[at - 3] == 'g')
                    && (dateString[at - 2] == 'm')
                    && (dateString[at - 1] == 't')))) {

            int end = 1;
            while (end < 5 && dateString.length() > at+end
                   && dateString[at + end] >= '0' && dateString[at + end] <= '9')
                ++end;
            int minutes = 0;
            int hours = 0;
            switch (end - 1) {
            case 4:
                minutes = atoi(dateString.mid(at + 3, 2).constData());
                Q_FALLTHROUGH();
            case 2:
                hours = atoi(dateString.mid(at + 1, 2).constData());
                break;
            case 1:
                hours = atoi(dateString.mid(at + 1, 1).constData());
                break;
            default:
                at += end;
                continue;
            }
            if (end != 1) {
                int sign = dateString[at] == '-' ? -1 : 1;
                zoneOffset = sign * ((minutes * 60) + (hours * 60 * 60));
#ifdef PARSEDATESTRINGDEBUG
                qDebug() << "Zone offset:" << zoneOffset << hours << minutes;
#endif
                at += end;
                continue;
            }
        }

        // Time
        if (isNum && time.isNull()
            && dateString.length() >= at + 3
            && (dateString[at + 2] == ':' || dateString[at + 1] == ':')) {
            // While the date can be found all over the string the format
            // for the time is set and a nice regexp can be used.
            int pos = timeRx.indexIn(QLatin1String(dateString), at);
            if (pos != -1) {
                QStringList list = timeRx.capturedTexts();
                int h = atoi(list.at(1).toLatin1().constData());
                int m = atoi(list.at(2).toLatin1().constData());
                int s = atoi(list.at(4).toLatin1().constData());
                int ms = atoi(list.at(6).toLatin1().constData());
                if (h < 12 && !list.at(9).isEmpty())
                    if (list.at(9) == QLatin1String("pm"))
                        h += 12;
                time = QTime(h, m, s, ms);
#ifdef PARSEDATESTRINGDEBUG
                qDebug() << "Time:" << list << timeRx.matchedLength();
#endif
                at += timeRx.matchedLength();
                continue;
            }
        }

        // 4 digit Year
        if (isNum
            && year == -1
            && dateString.length() > at + 3) {
            if (isNumber(dateString[at + 1])
                && isNumber(dateString[at + 2])
                && isNumber(dateString[at + 3])) {
                year = atoi(dateString.mid(at, 4).constData());
                at += 4;
#ifdef PARSEDATESTRINGDEBUG
                qDebug() << "Year:" << year;
#endif
                continue;
            }
        }

        // a one or two digit number
        // Could be month, day or year
        if (isNum) {
            int length = 1;
            if (dateString.length() > at + 1
                && isNumber(dateString[at + 1]))
                ++length;
            int x = atoi(dateString.mid(at, length).constData());
            if (year == -1 && (x > 31 || x == 0)) {
                year = x;
            } else {
                if (unknown[0] == -1) unknown[0] = x;
                else if (unknown[1] == -1) unknown[1] = x;
                else if (unknown[2] == -1) unknown[2] = x;
            }
            at += length;
#ifdef PARSEDATESTRINGDEBUG
            qDebug() << "Saving" << x;
#endif
            continue;
        }

        // Unknown character, typically a weekday such as 'Mon'
        ++at;
    }

    // Once we are done parsing the string take the digits in unknown
    // and determine which is the unknown year/month/day

    int couldBe[3] = { 0, 0, 0 };
    int unknownCount = 3;
    for (int i = 0; i < unknownCount; ++i) {
        if (unknown[i] == -1) {
            couldBe[i] = ADAY | AYEAR | AMONTH;
            unknownCount = i;
            continue;
        }

        if (unknown[i] >= 1)
            couldBe[i] = ADAY;

        if (month == -1 && unknown[i] >= 1 && unknown[i] <= 12)
            couldBe[i] |= AMONTH;

        if (year == -1)
            couldBe[i] |= AYEAR;
    }

    // For any possible day make sure one of the values that could be a month
    // can contain that day.
    // For any possible month make sure one of the values that can be a
    // day that month can have.
    // Example: 31 11 06
    // 31 can't be a day because 11 and 6 don't have 31 days
    for (int i = 0; i < unknownCount; ++i) {
        int currentValue = unknown[i];
        bool findMatchingMonth = couldBe[i] & ADAY && currentValue >= 29;
        bool findMatchingDay = couldBe[i] & AMONTH;
        if (!findMatchingMonth || !findMatchingDay)
            continue;
        for (int j = 0; j < 3; ++j) {
            if (j == i)
                continue;
            for (int k = 0; k < 2; ++k) {
                if (k == 0 && !(findMatchingMonth && (couldBe[j] & AMONTH)))
                    continue;
                else if (k == 1 && !(findMatchingDay && (couldBe[j] & ADAY)))
                    continue;
                int m = currentValue;
                int d = unknown[j];
                if (k == 0)
                    qSwap(m, d);
                if (m == -1) m = month;
                bool found = true;
                switch(m) {
                    case 2:
                        // When we get 29 and the year ends up having only 28
                        // See date.isValid below
                        // Example: 29 23 Feb
                        if (d <= 29)
                            found = false;
                        break;
                    case 4: case 6: case 9: case 11:
                        if (d <= 30)
                            found = false;
                        break;
                    default:
                        if (d > 0 && d <= 31)
                            found = false;
                }
                if (k == 0) findMatchingMonth = found;
                else if (k == 1) findMatchingDay = found;
            }
        }
        if (findMatchingMonth)
            couldBe[i] &= ~ADAY;
        if (findMatchingDay)
            couldBe[i] &= ~AMONTH;
    }

    // First set the year/month/day that have been deduced
    // and reduce the set as we go along to deduce more
    for (int i = 0; i < unknownCount; ++i) {
        int unset = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < 3; ++j) {
            if (couldBe[j] == ADAY && day == -1) {
                day = unknown[j];
                unset |= ADAY;
            } else if (couldBe[j] == AMONTH && month == -1) {
                month = unknown[j];
                unset |= AMONTH;
            } else if (couldBe[j] == AYEAR && year == -1) {
                year = unknown[j];
                unset |= AYEAR;
            } else {
                // common case
                break;
            }
            couldBe[j] &= ~unset;
        }
    }

    // Now fallback to a standardized order to fill in the rest with
    for (int i = 0; i < unknownCount; ++i) {
        if (couldBe[i] & AMONTH && month == -1) month = unknown[i];
        else if (couldBe[i] & ADAY && day == -1) day = unknown[i];
        else if (couldBe[i] & AYEAR && year == -1) year = unknown[i];
    }
#ifdef PARSEDATESTRINGDEBUG
        qDebug() << "Final set" << year << month << day;
#endif

    if (year == -1 || month == -1 || day == -1) {
#ifdef PARSEDATESTRINGDEBUG
        qDebug() << "Parser failure" << year << month << day;
#endif
        return QDateTime();
    }

    // Y2k behavior
    int y2k = 0;
    if (year < 70)
        y2k = 2000;
    else if (year < 100)
        y2k = 1900;

    QDate date(year + y2k, month, day);

    // When we were given a bad cookie that when parsed
    // set the day to 29 and the year to one that doesn't
    // have the 29th of Feb rather then adding the extra
    // complicated checking earlier just swap here.
    // Example: 29 23 Feb
    if (!date.isValid())
        date = QDate(day + y2k, month, year);

    QDateTime dateTime(date, time, Qt::UTC);

    if (zoneOffset != -1) {
        dateTime = dateTime.addSecs(zoneOffset);
    }
    if (!dateTime.isValid())
        return QDateTime();
    return dateTime;
}

/*!
    Parses the cookie string \a cookieString as received from a server
    response in the "Set-Cookie:" header. If there's a parsing error,
    this function returns an empty list.

    Since the HTTP header can set more than one cookie at the same
    time, this function returns a QList<QNetworkCookie>, one for each
    cookie that is parsed.

    \sa toRawForm()
*/
QList<QNetworkCookie> QNetworkCookie::parseCookies(const QByteArray &cookieString)
{
    // cookieString can be a number of set-cookie header strings joined together
    // by \n, parse each line separately.
    QList<QNetworkCookie> cookies;
    QList<QByteArray> list = cookieString.split('\n');
    for (int a = 0; a < list.size(); a++)
        cookies += QNetworkCookiePrivate::parseSetCookieHeaderLine(list.at(a));
    return cookies;
}

QList<QNetworkCookie> QNetworkCookiePrivate::parseSetCookieHeaderLine(const QByteArray &cookieString)
{
    // According to http://wp.netscape.com/newsref/std/cookie_spec.html,<
    // the Set-Cookie response header is of the format:
    //
    //   Set-Cookie: NAME=VALUE; expires=DATE; path=PATH; domain=DOMAIN_NAME; secure
    //
    // where only the NAME=VALUE part is mandatory
    //
    // We do not support RFC 2965 Set-Cookie2-style cookies

    QList<QNetworkCookie> result;
    const QDateTime now = QDateTime::currentDateTimeUtc();

    int position = 0;
    const int length = cookieString.length();
    while (position < length) {
        QNetworkCookie cookie;

        // The first part is always the "NAME=VALUE" part
        QPair<QByteArray,QByteArray> field = nextField(cookieString, position, true);
        if (field.first.isEmpty())
            // parsing error
            break;
        cookie.setName(field.first);
        cookie.setValue(field.second);

        position = nextNonWhitespace(cookieString, position);
        while (position < length) {
            switch (cookieString.at(position++)) {
            case ';':
                // new field in the cookie
                field = nextField(cookieString, position, false);
                field.first = field.first.toLower(); // everything but the NAME=VALUE is case-insensitive

                if (field.first == "expires") {
                    position -= field.second.length();
                    int end;
                    for (end = position; end < length; ++end)
                        if (isValueSeparator(cookieString.at(end)))
                            break;

                    QByteArray dateString = cookieString.mid(position, end - position).trimmed();
                    position = end;
                    QDateTime dt = parseDateString(dateString.toLower());
                    if (dt.isValid())
                        cookie.setExpirationDate(dt);
                    //if unparsed, ignore the attribute but not the whole cookie (RFC6265 section 5.2.1)
                } else if (field.first == "domain") {
                    QByteArray rawDomain = field.second;
                    //empty domain should be ignored (RFC6265 section 5.2.3)
                    if (!rawDomain.isEmpty()) {
                        QString maybeLeadingDot;
                        if (rawDomain.startsWith('.')) {
                            maybeLeadingDot = QLatin1Char('.');
                            rawDomain = rawDomain.mid(1);
                        }

                        //IDN domains are required by RFC6265, accepting utf8 as well doesn't break any test cases.
                        QString normalizedDomain = QUrl::fromAce(QUrl::toAce(QString::fromUtf8(rawDomain)));
                        if (!normalizedDomain.isEmpty()) {
                            cookie.setDomain(maybeLeadingDot + normalizedDomain);
                        } else {
                            //Normalization fails for malformed domains, e.g. "..example.org", reject the cookie now
                            //rather than accepting it but never sending it due to domain match failure, as the
                            //strict reading of RFC6265 would indicate.
                            return result;
                        }
                    }
                } else if (field.first == "max-age") {
                    bool ok = false;
                    int secs = field.second.toInt(&ok);
                    if (ok) {
                        if (secs <= 0) {
                            //earliest representable time (RFC6265 section 5.2.2)
                            cookie.setExpirationDate(QDateTime::fromSecsSinceEpoch(0));
                        } else {
                            cookie.setExpirationDate(now.addSecs(secs));
                        }
                    }
                    //if unparsed, ignore the attribute but not the whole cookie (RFC6265 section 5.2.2)
                } else if (field.first == "path") {
                    if (field.second.startsWith('/')) {
                        // ### we should treat cookie paths as an octet sequence internally
                        // However RFC6265 says we should assume UTF-8 for presentation as a string
                        cookie.setPath(QString::fromUtf8(field.second));
                    } else {
                        // if the path doesn't start with '/' then set the default path (RFC6265 section 5.2.4)
                        // and also IETF test case path0030 which has valid and empty path in the same cookie
                        cookie.setPath(QString());
                    }
                } else if (field.first == "secure") {
                    cookie.setSecure(true);
                } else if (field.first == "httponly") {
                    cookie.setHttpOnly(true);
                } else if (field.first == "samesite") {
                    cookie.d->sameSite = field.second;
                } else {
                    // ignore unknown fields in the cookie (RFC6265 section 5.2, rule 6)
                }

                position = nextNonWhitespace(cookieString, position);
            }
        }

        if (!cookie.name().isEmpty())
            result += cookie;
    }

    return result;
}

/*!
    \since 5.0
    This functions normalizes the path and domain of the cookie if they were previously empty.
    The \a url parameter is used to determine the correct domain and path.
*/
void QNetworkCookie::normalize(const QUrl &url)
{
    // don't do path checking. See QTBUG-5815
    if (d->path.isEmpty()) {
        QString pathAndFileName = url.path();
        QString defaultPath = pathAndFileName.left(pathAndFileName.lastIndexOf(QLatin1Char('/'))+1);
        if (defaultPath.isEmpty())
            defaultPath = QLatin1Char('/');
        d->path = defaultPath;
    }

    if (d->domain.isEmpty()) {
        d->domain = url.host();
    } else {
        QHostAddress hostAddress(d->domain);
        if (hostAddress.protocol() != QAbstractSocket::IPv4Protocol
                && hostAddress.protocol() != QAbstractSocket::IPv6Protocol
                && !d->domain.startsWith(QLatin1Char('.'))) {
            // Ensure the domain starts with a dot if its field was not empty
            // in the HTTP header. There are some servers that forget the
            // leading dot and this is actually forbidden according to RFC 2109,
            // but all browsers accept it anyway so we do that as well.
            d->domain.prepend(QLatin1Char('.'));
        }
    }
}

#ifndef QT_NO_DEBUG_STREAM
QDebug operator<<(QDebug s, const QNetworkCookie &cookie)
{
    QDebugStateSaver saver(s);
    s.resetFormat().nospace();
    s << "QNetworkCookie(" << cookie.toRawForm(QNetworkCookie::Full) << ')';
    return s;
}
#endif

QT_END_NAMESPACE