1This is gtypist.es.info, produced by makeinfo version 5.2 from 2gtypist.es.texi. 3 4Este es el manual de GNU Typist (versión 2.9.5, 18 August 2013), un 5programa para aprender a mecanografiar en varios idiomas y con distintas 6disposiciones de teclado. 7 8 Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2008, 2011, 92012 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 10 11 Copyright © de la traducción 2010-11, TMJQ, SL. 12 13 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this 14 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, 15 Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software 16 Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, 17 and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in 18 the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”. 19INFO-DIR-SECTION Education 20START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY 21* GNU Typist (es): (gtypist.es). Documentación del tutor mecanográfico gtypist. 22END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY 23 24 25File: gtypist.es.info, Node: Top, Next: Distribucion, Up: (dir) 26 27GNU Typist, el tutor mecanográfico 28********************************** 29 30Este es el manual de GNU Typist (versión 2.9.5, 18 August 2013), un 31programa para aprender a mecanografiar en varios idiomas y con distintas 32disposiciones de teclado. 33 34 Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2008, 2011, 352012 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 36 37 Copyright © de la traducción 2010-11, TMJQ, SL. 38 39 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this 40 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, 41 Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software 42 Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, 43 and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in 44 the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”. 45 46 GNU Typist es un tutor interactivo de mecanografiado que ayuda a 47escribir correctamente. Tiene varias lecciones para diversas 48disposiciones de teclado y en diferentes idiomas. Las lecciones de 49gtypist se describen en un lenguaje de script de fácil aprendizaje que 50el usuario puede emplear para modificar las lecciones existentes o crear 51nuevas. 52 53* Menu: 54 55* Distribucion:: Localizar gtypist: fuentes, paquetes, etc. 56* Copiado:: La Licencia Pública General de GNU explica 57 cómo se puede copiar y compartir gtypist 58* Introduccion:: Conceptos importantes para el usuario 59* Invocacion:: Cómo se invoca gtypist 60* Lecciones suministradas:: Descripción general de las lecciones 61 contenidas en la distribución de gtypist 62* Uso de typefortune:: Prácticas con textos de ‘fortune’ 63 (requiere perl) 64* Sintaxis de las lecciones:: La sintaxis de las lecciones de gtypist 65* Lecciones nuevas:: Cómo contribuir lecciones nuevas 66* Modo para Emacs:: Modo Emacs para la edición de los ficheros gtypist 67* Variables de entorno:: Variables de entorno que afectan a gtypist 68* Errores y omisiones:: Problemas conocidos 69* Historia:: Historia de GNU Typist 70* Copia del manual:: La Licencia de Documentación Pública de GNU 71 72 73File: gtypist.es.info, Node: Distribucion, Next: Copiado, Prev: Top, Up: Top 74 75Distribución 76************ 77 78GNU Typist (o gtypist) es "software libre"; esto significa que cualquier 79persona es libre de usarlo y libre de redistribuirlo bajo ciertas 80condiciones. 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If the 708 Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU 709 General Public License “or any later version” applies to it, you 710 have the option of following the terms and conditions either of 711 that numbered version or of any later version published by the Free 712 Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version 713 number of the GNU General Public License, you may choose any 714 version ever published by the Free Software Foundation. 715 716 If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future 717 versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that 718 proxy’s public statement of acceptance of a version permanently 719 authorizes you to choose that version for the Program. 720 721 Later license versions may give you additional or different 722 permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any 723 author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a 724 later version. 725 726 15. Disclaimer of Warranty. 727 728 THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY 729 APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE 730 COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” 731 WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, 732 INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 733 MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE 734 RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. 735 SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL 736 NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 737 738 16. Limitation of Liability. 739 740 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN 741 WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES 742 AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR 743 DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR 744 CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE 745 THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA 746 BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD 747 PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER 748 PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF 749 THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. 750 751 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. 752 753 If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided 754 above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, 755 reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely 756 approximates an absolute waiver of all civil liability in 757 connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption of 758 liability accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee. 759 760END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 761=========================== 762 763How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 764============================================= 765 766If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 767possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 768free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these 769terms. 770 771 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 772to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 773state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the 774“copyright” line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 775 776 ONE LINE TO GIVE THE PROGRAM'S NAME AND A BRIEF IDEA OF WHAT IT DOES. 777 Copyright (C) YEAR NAME OF AUTHOR 778 779 This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 780 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 781 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at 782 your option) any later version. 783 784 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but 785 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 786 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU 787 General Public License for more details. 788 789 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 790 along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. 791 792 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper 793mail. 794 795 If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short 796notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: 797 798 PROGRAM Copyright (C) YEAR NAME OF AUTHOR 799 This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type ‘show w’. 800 This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 801 under certain conditions; type ‘show c’ for details. 802 803 The hypothetical commands ‘show w’ and ‘show c’ should show the 804appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your 805program’s commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would 806use an “about box”. 807 808 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or 809school, if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the program, if 810necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow 811the GNU GPL, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. 812 813 The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your 814program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine 815library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary 816applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the 817GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But first, 818please read <http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>. 819 820 821File: gtypist.es.info, Node: Introduccion, Next: Invocacion, Prev: Copiado, Up: Top 822 8231 Introducción 824************** 825 826GNU Typist es un programa tutor interactivo de mecanografiado. Emplea 827un fichero de entrada para crear una serie de tutorías de 828mecanografiado, ejercicios y pruebas de velocidad. Está pensado para su 829uso en terminales sin gráficos. Ha sido compilado y usado en GNU/Linux 830y Unix (OpenBSD, AIX, Solaris) y también en DOS/Windows (DOS 6.22, 831Windows 95, 98, NT y XP). 832 833 El programa lee lecciones escritas en un lenguaje de script de fácil 834aprendizaje. Se distribuye con unas cuantas lecciones completas y de 835calidad. Se pueden usar como están, modificarlas o crear lecciones 836nuevas (*note Lecciones nuevas:: y *note Sintaxis de las lecciones::). 837 838 Si no se especifica un fichero de script en la línea de comandos, se 839usará uno predeterminado ‘gtypist.typ’. (Véanse los detalles acerca de 840la ruta en la sección *note Variables de entorno::). 841 842 La línea superior de la pantalla muestra una leyenda. La línea 843inferior muestra una línea de mensaje, consultas y otra información de 844estado. Las líneas intermedias se usan para las tutorías, los 845ejercicios y las pruebas de velocidad. 846 847 Existen dos tipos de ejercicios de tecleado: "entrenamientos" y 848"pruebas de velocidad". 849 850 En un "entrenamiento", gtypist muestra texto cada dos líneas de la 851pantalla y espera que el usuario teclee correctamente el mismo texto 852exacto en las líneas intermedias. Los errores de mecanografiado se 853indican con un ‘^’ inverso, o ‘>’ si el carácter es un salto de línea y 854al final del ejercicio calcula la tasa real y efectiva de palabras por 855minuto (WPM). Si hubiera demasiados errores, se re-ejecutará el 856entrenamiento. 857 858 No se permite la corrección de errores cometidos. 859 860 En las pruebas de velocidad, gtypist muestra texto en la pantalla, y 861espera a que el usuario sobre-escriba correctamente el mismo texto 862exacto. Indica los errores mecanográficos y al final de la prueba 863calcula la tasa real y efectiva en WPM. Si hubiera demasiados errores, 864se re-ejecuta la prueba de velocidad. Se permite la corrección de 865errores cometidos, pero aún así se acumulan. 866 867 Si ya se han cometido demasiadas equivocaciones, se puede usar <ESC> 868para salir y comenzar de nuevo. La manera de saltarse una lección es 869presionar dos veces <ESC>. Cuando se completa una lección, se le 870pregunta al usuario si quiere repetirla. 871 872 También hay unos ejercicios de “sólo prácticas” (tanto entrenamientos 873como pruebas de velocidad) que no se querrán repetir. Pero no decimos 874cuándo se presentan, así que habrá que seguir intentando superarse ;-) 875 876 En los informes de velocidad de escritura, se considera que una 877"palabra" tiene cinco caracteres, así que las WPM son el número de 878caracteres del pasaje de la prueba dividido por cinco y nuevamente 879dividido por la cantidad de minutos transcurridos en su escritura. Cada 880error se cuenta como una palabra mal escrita. 881 882 Si se prefiere, la velocidad se puede mostrar en Pulsaciones por 883Minuto (CPM) (caracteres por minuto, en inglés). Esto se puede 884especificar con “–scoring=cpm” en la línea de comandos. 885 886 [NdT: en España nunca he oído hablar de “palabras por minuto”, 887siempre de “pulsaciones por minuto”. La obligación de especificar esa 888opción en la línea de comandos es engorrosa para aquellos que sólo 889cuentan ppm. Lo propio es que hubiera un fichero de configuración o 890alguna otra vía para elegir de manera permanente.] 891 892 893File: gtypist.es.info, Node: Invocacion, Next: Lecciones suministradas, Prev: Introduccion, Up: Top 894 8952 Invocación 896************ 897 898La sintaxis para invocar GNU Typist es: 899 900 ‘gtypist [ Opciones... ] [ fichero ]’ 901 902 A continuación se dan las opciones existentes (su forma larga no se 903admite en DOS): 904 905‘-e, --error-max’ 906 Especifica el porcentaje de error máximo. El valor predeterminado 907 es 3.0 y debe estar entre 0.0 y 100.0. Existe un comando de 908 fichero de script (*note Sintaxis de las lecciones::) que sólo 909 sobre-escribe esto si es _estrictamente_ (menor). Este valor se 910 ignora en los ejercicios de “sólo práctica”. 911 912‘-n, --notimer’ 913 Gtypist muestra la velocidad de escritura en WPM después de los 914 tests de prácticas y de velocidad. Sin embargo, las lecciones 915 parecen haber sido escritas para un programa que sólo hace esto 916 para tests de velocidad. Para hacer que gtypist se comporte de 917 manera que concuerde con las lecciones, esto es, para suprimir los 918 informes de WPM en las prácticas, se usa ‘-n’ o ‘--notimer’. 919 920‘-t, --term-cursor’ 921 Gtypist crea su propio cursor parpadeante de bloque en la pantalla, 922 para ayudar a distinguir entre el cursor y las indicaciones de 923 error de vídeo inverso. Si se establece ‘-t’ o ‘--term-cursor’ se 924 suprime esto y fuerza al programa a usar el cursor de la terminal. 925 926‘-f, --curs-flash’ 927 Establece el periodo de parpadeo del cursor de bloque en décimas de 928 segundo. El valor 0 indica que no haya parpadeo. El 929 predeterminado es 10 y el máximo 512. Esta opción queda ignorada 930 si se han establecido ‘-t’ o ‘--term-cursor’. 931 932‘-c, --colo[u]rs’ 933 En su estado normal, gtypist sólo usa atributos de vídeo normal e 934 inverso en modo monocromo. Esta opción se puede usar para 935 especificar en este orden los colores delantero y de fondo en 936 terminales que admitan colores. Estos se especifican como dos 937 enteros, en el intervalo entre 0 y 7, separados por comas. Los 938 códigos de color del 0 al 7 indican negro, rojo, verde, amarillo, 939 azul, magenta, cian y blanco, respectivamente. La cadena de 940 colores predeterminada es 7,0 (blanco sobre negro). Se ignora esta 941 opción si la terminal no admite colores. 942 943‘-s, --silent’ 944 Cuando gtypist detecta un error mecanográfico, sonará la terminal. 945 Esta opción se usa para silenciarla. 946 947‘-q, --quiet’ 948 Lo mismo que ‘-s’ o ‘--silent’. 949 950‘-l, --start-label’ 951 Especifica la etiqueta del fichero de script en la que gtypist 952 comienza la ejecución (hay información acerca de las etiquetas más 953 abajo, donde se habla de los ficheros de script y de los comandos). 954 Si esta opción no se usa, gtypist comienza la ejecución en la 955 primera línea del fichero. 956 957‘-w, --word-processor’ 958 Con esta opción, gtypist procura imitar a los procesadores de texto 959 en ciertas maneras cuando ejecuta un ejercicio. Tratará el espacio 960 al final de una línea como un carácter tecleado correctamente y con 961 ajuste de párrafo. Tratará la tecla Retorno al final de una línea 962 como señal de que se mueva al comienzo del siguiente párrafo si 963 fuera de aplicación. Comprimirá los espacios múltiples en uno 964 solo. Y se saltará sobre los guiones que encuentre al final de 965 línea. 966 967‘-k, --no-skip’ 968 Prohíbe al usuario saltarse las lecciones o salir de ellas por 969 medio de <ESC ESC>. 970 971‘-i, --show-errors’ 972 Resalta los errores con vídeo inverso. 973 974‘-S, --always-sure’ 975 Salta las preguntas de confirmación. 976 977‘--banner-colo[u]rs’ 978 Cambia el color de las leyendas situadas en la parte superior de la 979 pantalla. Los valores de color son los mismos que los del comando 980 –colo[u]rs. El predeterminado es 0,6,5,1; delantero en negro, 981 fondo en cian, nombre de programa en magenta y nombre de la versión 982 en rojo. 983 984‘--scoring’ 985 Cambia la manera de medición. Puede ser WPM y CPM, siendo la 986 predeterminada la WPM. 987 988También se puede establecer la variable de entorno ‘LANG’ si se desea 989ejecutar gtypist en el idioma nativo. *Note Variables de entorno::. 990 991En algunos idiomas como el español, los mensajes de la interfaz suelen 992ser más largos que en inglés. Por tanto, quizás sea necesario agrandar 993la terminal antes de invocar el programa. De lo contrario, el texto de 994abajo a la izquierda puede solaparse con la cadena de abajo a la 995derecha. 996 997 *Ejemplos:* 998 999Para ejecutar las lecciones predeterminadas ‘gtypist.typ’: 1000‘gtypist’ 1001 1002Para ejecutar la lección en español: 1003‘gtypist esp.typ’ 1004 1005Para indicarle a gtypist que busque una lección bar.typ en un directorio 1006no estándar ‘/home/foo’: 1007‘export GTYPIST_PATH="/home/foo"’ ‘gtypist bar.typ’ 1008 1009Para ejecutar las lecciones del fichero ‘test.typ’ del directorio 1010‘/tmp’, comenzando con la etiqueta ‘TEST1’ y empleando el cursor de la 1011terminal de manera silenciosa: 1012‘gtypist -t -q -l TEST1 /tmp/test.typ’ 1013 1014 1015File: gtypist.es.info, Node: Lecciones suministradas, Next: Uso de typefortune, Prev: Invocacion, Up: Top 1016 10173 Lecciones suministradas 1018************************* 1019 1020GNU Typist viene con las siguientes lecciones: 1021‘q.typ’ 1022 Curso rápido de QWERTY en inglés. 1023‘r.typ’ 1024 Curso largo de QWERTY en inglés. 1025‘t.typ’ 1026 Mecanografía al tacto QWERTY en inglés. 1027‘v.typ’ 1028 Otro QWERTY en inglés. 1029‘w.typ’ 1030 Repaso de QWERTY en inglés. 1031‘d.typ’ 1032 Mecanografía al tacto Dvorak en inglés. 1033‘m.typ’ 1034 Entrenamiento mecanográfico en inglés. 1035‘s.typ’ 1036 Entrenamiento de velocidad en inglés. 1037‘n.typ’ 1038 Teclado numérico en inglés. 1039‘gtypist.typ’ 1040 Compendio de todas las lecciones anteriores en inglés. 1041‘esp.typ’ 1042 Curso QWERTY en español. 1043‘cs.typ’ 1044 Lecciones en checo. 1045‘ru.typ’ 1046 Lecciones en ruso. 1047‘kt*.typ’ 1048 Estas lecciones son las estándares de Ktouch 1.0 1049 (http://ktouch.sourceforge.net/), convertidas a formato de fichero 1050 gtypist mediante ‘tools/ktouch2typ.pl’. 1051 1052 Los ficheros se llaman ‘ktde.typ’ (‘german.ktouch’), ‘kten.typ’ 1053 (‘english.ktouch’), ‘ktfr.typ’ (‘french.ktouch’), ‘ktfr2.typ’ 1054 (‘french-2.ktouch’), ‘ktno.typ’ (‘norwegian.ktouch’) ‘ktdk.typ’ 1055 (‘danish.ktouch’), ‘ktdk2.typ’ (‘danish-2.ktouch’), ‘ktdvorak.typ’ 1056 (‘dvorak.ktouch’) and ‘ktnumber.typ’ (‘number.ktouch’). 1057‘ttde.typ’ 1058 Se trata de la lección en alemán de tipptrainer 1059 (http://www.pingos.schulnetz.org/tipptrainer/), convertida mediante 1060 ‘tools/tt2typ.pl’. 1061 1062De encontrarse errores en estas lecciones, o si se corrigen de algún 1063modo o se escriben lecciones nuevas, rogamos que se publiquen con una 1064licencia libre y nos lo comuniquen a <bug-gtypist@gnu.org>. 1065 1066 1067File: gtypist.es.info, Node: Uso de typefortune, Next: Sintaxis de las lecciones, Prev: Lecciones suministradas, Up: Top 1068 10694 Uso de ‘typefortune’ 1070********************** 1071 1072‘typefortune’ permite practicar con textos del programa ‘fortune’. 1073 1074 ‘SYNTAX: typefortune [-dslh] [-n count] [-o <gtypist_opts>]’ 1075 1076‘-d’ 1077 Usa ‘D:’ en vez de ‘S:’. 1078 1079‘-s’ 1080 Ejecuta ‘fortune’ con ‘-s’. 1081 1082‘-l’ 1083 Ejecuta ‘fortune’ con ‘-l’. 1084 1085‘-n CANTIDAD’ 1086 Practica esa CANTIDAD de fortunas. 1087 1088‘-o OPCIÓN’ 1089 Pasa opciones a ‘gtypist’, en la forma OPCIÓN (opción booleana, 1090 e.d. ‘-o word-processor’), OPCIÓN,VALOR (opción con valor, e.d. 1091 ‘-o e,1.0’) donde la OPCIÓN es el nombre de la opción (corta o 1092 larga) removidos todos los guiones antepuestos. Hace falta 1093 entrecomillar el argumento de ‘-o’ si se va a especificar más de 1094 uno: ‘typefortune -n 3 -o 'silent e,5 word-processor'’. 1095 1096 1097File: gtypist.es.info, Node: Sintaxis de las lecciones, Next: Lecciones nuevas, Prev: Uso de typefortune, Up: Top 1098 10995 Comandos del fichero de script 1100******************************** 1101 1102GNU Typist lee los datos de sus lecciones de mecanografía desde un 1103fichero. Con la excepción de los comentarios y de las líneas en blanco, 1104cada línea del fichero está en el formato 1105 1106 ‘carácter_del_comando : datos_del_comando’ 1107 1108Aquí, ‘carácter_del_comando’ es un código de carácter único que define 1109una acción que ha de hacer gtypist, y ‘datos_del_comando’ son los datos 1110para ese comando. Si ‘carácter_del_comando’ es un carácter de espacio, 1111eso indica que la línea es continuación del comando precedente que no 1112sea un espacio. El separador ‘:’ debe estar en la columna dos de la 1113línea. 1114 1115 Las líneas de comentarios son aquellas que comienzan con un carácter 1116‘#’ y se ignoran, como se hace igualmente con las líneas en blanco. Las 1117líneas de comentario pueden tener cualquier formato siempre que 1118comiencen con ‘#’; las líneas restantes deben tener el formato de 1119arriba. 1120 1121 Será conveniente leer la introducción para familiarizarse con los 1122fundamentos: *Note Introduccion::. 1123 1124 La siguiente es la lista de valores ‘carácter_del_comando’ válidos: 1125 1126‘B’ 1127 Este comando limpia la pantalla entera. Si hay presente algún 1128 ‘datos_del_comando’, se muestra en la leyenda de una línea que hay 1129 en la parte superior de la pantalla y permanece ahí hasta el 1130 siguiente comando ‘B’. Este comando no se puede continuar en la 1131 línea siguiente; es un comando de una sola línea. 1132 1133‘T’ 1134 Presenta una tutoría y se trata de un comando multi-línea, hasta el 1135 límite de la longitud de la pantalla. Cada línea del comando 1136 simplemente se imprime en la pantalla. Este comando limpia toda la 1137 pantalla por debajo de la línea de la leyenda superior. Después de 1138 producirse la visualización, el programa espera antes de proceder. 1139 1140‘*’ 1141 Esto indica una etiqueta en el fichero. La etiqueta puede ser el 1142 destino de un comando ‘G’, ‘Y’, ‘N’ o ‘F’. Las etiquetas pueden 1143 contener cualesquier caracteres, incluso espacios, y son comandos 1144 de una sola línea. Han de ser únicas dentro de los ficheros de 1145 lecciones. Se ignora el espacio en blanco al final de las 1146 etiquetas. 1147 1148‘I’ 1149 El comando ‘I’ puede mostrar algunas breves instrucciones por 1150 encima de un entrenamiento o prueba de velocidad. Sólo se permite 1151 como máximo dos líneas. A diferencia del comando ‘T’, no espera 1152 por ninguna otra pulsación de tecla antes de proceder. Así que 1153 realmente siempre le debería seguir un ejercicio. Limpia el área 1154 entera de ejercicios de la pantalla, así que en este sentido es 1155 como un ‘T’ de dos líneas. 1156 1157‘M’ 1158 Este comando es la nueva vía para crear menús (desde gtypist 2.7). 1159 Esta es la sintaxis: 1160 1161 M: [UP=ETIQUETA_DE-RETORNO|_EXIT] "título" 1162 :ETIQUETA1 "elemento1" 1163 :ETIQUETA2 "elemento2" 1164 ... 1165 1166 Esto muestra un menú conveniente compuesto por los elementos 1167 especificados y deja que el usuario elija uno de ellos. Si se 1168 selecciona un elemento, gtypist continúa la ejecución del script a 1169 partir de la etiqueta correspondiente. Si se presionó la tecla 1170 Escape y la etiqueta ‘UP’ está definida, gtypist va igualmente a la 1171 etiqueta ‘UP’, o sale de allí, si hay un ‘``_EXIT''’ en lugar de la 1172 etiqueta. Si la etiqueta ‘UP’ no está definida, gtypist intenta 1173 regresar al menú anterior y salta a la última etiqueta encontrada 1174 en el script anterior al comando ‘M’ previo. Si no hubiera tal 1175 etiqueta y se mostró algún menú antes del actual, gtypist se 1176 limitará a ir al comienzo del script. Si no se cumple ninguna de 1177 las condiciones anteriores, gtypist sale del script. 1178 1179 Los detalles de arriba hacen natural la creación de jerarquías de 1180 menús sin tener que usar etiquetas ‘UP’. 1181 1182 El título y todas las descripciones deben encerrarse entre comillas 1183 (""). Además debe haber como mínimo un espacio entre ‘UP=XXX’ y 1184 "título" y entre las etiquetas y las descripciones 1185 correspondientes. 1186 1187 Este comando se introdujo como una vía para disponer fácilmente 1188 diversas partes de los ficheros de lecciones en una única jerarquía 1189 de menú, así como reemplazo para los antiguos menús de la tecla 1190 ‘F’. Hay ejemplos en los ficheros de lecciones. 1191 1192‘D,d’ 1193 Este comando se llama "entrenamiento" y es uno de los dos tipos de 1194 ejercicios mecanográficos. 1195 1196 Es un comando multi-línea. El texto se muestra en cada línea 1197 alterna, y el usuario escribe en las intermedias. Debido a ello, 1198 no se puede usar más de 11 líneas de contenido. 1199 1200 Este tipo de ejercicio se supone que está para el entrenamiento de 1201 los dedos (e.d. jfjfjjf), pero también puede contener palabras y 1202 frases completas si se usan para practicar algo (e.d. una 1203 letra/sílaba/"grip") y no son textos reales. 1204 1205 La versión en minúscula ‘d’ es un entrenamiento de “sólo práctica”; 1206 el usuario no tiene que repetirlo si tiene demasiadas 1207 equivocaciones. 1208 1209‘S,s’ 1210 Este es el segundo tipo de ejercicio de mecanografía: la "prueba de 1211 velocidad". 1212 1213 Es un comando multi-línea. Muestra su texto en pantalla y le pide 1214 al usuario que escriba sobre él. Es el motivo por lo que se puede 1215 tener hasta 22 líneas de texto en estos ejercicios. En las pruebas 1216 de velocidad se pueden corregir los fallos, pero con ello no se 1217 disminuye la cuenta de errores. 1218 1219 Las pruebas de velocidad se deberían usar para mecanografiar 1220 (principalmente) frases completas, textos o ficheros (e.d. cartas, 1221 ficheros texinfo/html/tex). 1222 1223 La versión en minúscula ‘s’ es una "prueba de velocidad de sólo 1224 práctica": el usuario no tiene que repetirla en el caso de cometer 1225 demasiados fallos. 1226 1227‘G’ 1228 Causa que ‘gtypist’ vaya a la etiqueta que hay en 1229 ‘datos_del_comando’ y continúe allí la ejecución del script. 1230 Consiste en una única línea de comandos. 1231 1232‘Q’ 1233 Este comando presenta un texto en la línea de mensajes y espera por 1234 una respuesta de <Y> o <N> antes de proceder. Se ignora el resto 1235 de caracteres. 1236 1237 Como efecto colateral, se puede presionar una tecla de función si 1238 está asociada (una vía ya desaconsejada de crear el indicador de 1239 los menús). 1240 1241‘Y’ 1242 Es como ‘G’, excepto que el goto se ejecuta sólo si el resultado 1243 del último comando ‘Q’ fue <Y>. 1244 1245‘N’ 1246 Es como ‘G’, excepto que el goto se ejecuta sólo si el resultado 1247 del último comando ‘Q’ fue <N>. 1248 1249‘K’ 1250 _Esta comando está desaconsejado en favor de ‘M’:_ Este comando 1251 asocia una tecla de función a una etiqueta. El formato de la línea 1252 de datos que sigue a este comando debe ser ‘fkey_number:label’, 1253 donde ‘fkey_number’ es el número de una tecla de función entre 1 y 1254 12, y ‘label’ es una etiqueta a la que ir cuando se presiona este 1255 tecla. Si la etiqueta tiene el valor NULL, se elimina cualquier 1256 asociación que la tecla tenga con alguna etiqueta. 1257 1258 Si las teclas de función no están disponibles en la terminal, se 1259 pueden usar otras teclas: de <1> a <9> para reemplazar de <F1> a 1260 <F9>, <0> para reemplazar <F10>, <A> para <F11> y <S> para <F12>. 1261 1262 Otras alternativas para las teclas <F1>-<F12> son las 1263 combinaciones: <Ctrl-Q>, <Ctrl-W>, <Ctrl-E>, <Ctrl-R>, <Ctrl-T>, 1264 <Ctrl-Z>, <Ctrl-U>, <Ctrl-I>, <Ctrl-O>, <Ctrl-P>, <Ctrl-A> y 1265 <Ctrl-S>. 1266 1267 Esto también es útil cuando las teclas de función quedan 1268 interceptadas por otros programas (por ejemplo, algunos gestores de 1269 ventanas). 1270 1271‘E’ 1272 Este comando se usa para establecer la tasa máxima de error 1273 permitida para el siguiente entrenamiento (‘E:<value>%’) o para 1274 todas las prácticas posteriores hasta la siguiente ‘E:’ 1275 (‘E:<value>%*’). 1276 1277 Si se especifica ‘--error-max/-e’, entonces este comando sólo surte 1278 efecto si es ——–> _stricter_ que el valor especificado en la línea 1279 de comandos. 1280 1281 Los ‘datos_del_comando’ consisten en el valor (entre 0.0 y 100.0), 1282 seguido de ‘%’ (se requiere para que los scripts sean más 1283 legibles). La palabra ‘default’ o ‘Default’ lo re-establece en su 1284 valor predeterminado. 1285 1286‘F’ 1287 Este comando (“etiqueta de al-fallar”) se usa para decidir la 1288 etiqueta (en ‘datos_del_comando’) a donde el usuario habrá de ir si 1289 falla un ejercicio. 1290 1291 Lo habitual es que este comando sólo sea de aplicación en el 1292 ejercicio siguiente, pero el usuario puede convertirlo en 1293 persistente si pone un ‘*’ al final de los ‘datos_del_comando’. 1294 1295 Si se pone NULL, esto reinicia la etiqueta. 1296 1297‘X’ 1298 Este comando causa que Gtypist finalice. Es de una sola línea. Se 1299 ignoran los ‘datos_del_comando’. El programa también finaliza si 1300 se encuentra el final del fichero (así que también se podría poner 1301 una etiqueta allí y simplemente hacer ‘G’ en ella) 1302 1303 Este es un script de ejemplo para mostrar los comandos disponibles en 1304el fichero de lección (‘tinydemo.typ’): 1305 1306 # Demostración mínima 1307 B: Demostración del tutor mecanográfico 1308 *:LOOP 1309 K:1:QDONE 1310 T:Este es un pequeño ejemplo de tutoría. Un ejemplo 1311 :mejor se encuentra en el fichero demo.typ que 1312 :acompaña a GNU Typist 1313 I:Este es un ejemplo de un ejercicio: 1314 D:asdf ghjkl; 1315 I:Y este lo es de una prueba de velocidad: 1316 S:qwe rt yu iop 1317 *:QDONE 1318 Q:¿Ha visto suficiente? [Y/N] 1319 N:LOOP 1320 X: 1321 1322 1323File: gtypist.es.info, Node: Lecciones nuevas, Next: Modo para Emacs, Prev: Sintaxis de las lecciones, Up: Top 1324 13256 Creación de lecciones nuevas 1326****************************** 1327 1328Esta sección proporciona indicaciones y sugerencias para la creación de 1329lecciones nuevas (o la mejora de las existentes). 1330 1331* Menu: 1332 1333* Lecciones Ktouch:: Generación de lecciones a partir de 1334 ejercicios Ktouch 1335* Ejercicios de fortune:: Creación de ejercicios y pruebas de 1336 velocidad a partir de galletitas de 1337 la fortuna 1338* Patrones para lecciones:: Patrones de diseño para las lecciones 1339* Findwords:: Un script simple que facilita 1340 encontrar palabras con ciertas letras 1341 1342 1343File: gtypist.es.info, Node: Lecciones Ktouch, Prev: Ejercicios de fortune, Up: Lecciones nuevas 1344 13456.1 Lecciones Ktouch 1346==================== 1347 1348Una vía muy fácil de escribir lecciones es hacerlo en el formato que 1349emplea ‘ktouch’ y después convertirlas a lecciones de Gtypist usando 1350‘tools/ktouch2typ.pl’. Este programa se cuida de escribir las “tablas 1351de saltos”, un menú y un poco más. 1352 1353 El formato ktouch consiste sólo en lecciones, que están precedidas 1354por sus nombres y separadas por líneas en blanco y/o comentarios (‘#’ al 1355principio de las líneas). Así que la primera línea del fichero que no 1356esté en blanco y no sea un comentario es el nombre de la primera lección 1357y esta primera lección consiste en todas las líneas hasta la siguiente 1358que sea un comentario o esté en blanco. Tras el separador (comentario o 1359línea en blanco) sigue el nombre de la segunda lección y así 1360sucesivamente. 1361 1362 Esta es una muestra de un fichero ktouch con tres lecciones 1363(extraídas de las tres primeras lecciones de ‘german.ktouch’): 1364 1365 # 1366 # Deutsche Training-Datei für KTouch 1367 # 1368 1369 Grundstellung 1370 f f f f f f fff fff fff f f f f f f fff fff fff f f f f f f f fff 1371 j j j j j j jjj jjj jjj j j j j j j jjj jjj jjj j j j j j j j jjj 1372 fff jjj fff jjj jjj fff jjj fff fjf fjf fjf jfj jfj jfj fjf jfjfj 1373 1374 Grundstellung 1375 fff jjj ddd kkk aaa ööö fff jjj ddd kkk aaa ööö fff jjj ddd kkkff 1376 fda jkö fda jkö fda jkö fda jkö fda jkö fda jkö fda jkö fda jköfd 1377 s s s s s s sss sss sss s s s s s s sss sss sss s s s s s s s sss 1378 1379 #Zwei wichtige Vokale: e und i 1380 e und i 1381 asdf ölkj fdsa jklö asdf ölkj fdsa jklö asdf ölkj fdsa jklö asdfö 1382 das dass lös fad dass lös als dass las lös fad dass als dass dass 1383 ded ded ded dej dek del deö ded deö del dek dej ded dej dek delde 1384 1385 Una vez que esté hecha, se usa ‘tools/ktouch2typ.pl’ para convertir 1386el fichero : ‘ktouch2typ.pl lesson.ktouch’ convierte ‘lesson.ktouch’ en 1387‘lesson.typ’. Es importante que el fichero de entrada finalice en 1388‘.ktouch’, de lo contrario ‘ktouch2typ.pl’ lo saltará. Advertencia: 1389esto sobre-escribe ‘lesson.typ’ sin comunicarlo. 1390 1391 Se puede personalizar el número de líneas que emplea ‘ktouch2typ.pl’ 1392para cada práctica, modificando la variable pertinente en 1393‘tools/ktouch2typ.pl’. 1394 1395 Obviamente, la desventaja de este método es que no se pueden 1396aprovechar todas las características de Gtypist (pero el fichero de 1397salida es muy legible, así que se puede editar para introducirle más 1398características del programa). 1399 1400 1401File: gtypist.es.info, Node: Ejercicios de fortune, Next: Lecciones Ktouch, Prev: Patrones para lecciones, Up: Lecciones nuevas 1402 14036.2 Ejercicios a partir de ‘fortune’ 1404==================================== 1405 1406Con ‘gtypist-mode.el’ se pueden crear rápidamente lecciones con texto 1407del programa ‘fortune’ (o el interno de Emacs ‘yow’ si ni se tiene 1408‘fortune’, lo habitual en Windows). 1409 1410 Una vez instalado ‘gtypist-mode.el’ (*note Modo para Emacs::), se 1411puede abrir un fichero con la extensión ‘.typ’ y ejecutar ‘C-c C-f’ para 1412crear una práctica (‘D:’ es la predeterminada, se usa ‘C-u’ o ‘C-u C-u’ 1413para cambiarla). 1414 1415 1416File: gtypist.es.info, Node: Patrones para lecciones, Next: Ejercicios de fortune, Prev: Findwords, Up: Lecciones nuevas 1417 14186.3 Diseño de patrones para lecciones 1419===================================== 1420 1421[NdT: aquí se mezcla el contenido normal de un manual de uso del 1422programa con asuntos específicos pedagógicos acerca de la mecanografía; 1423y se hace de manera pobre. Sería preferible remitir a otro documento.] 1424 14256.3.1 Estructura de los ficheros de lecciones 1426--------------------------------------------- 1427 1428 • Empléese una mezcla de entrenamientos y pruebas de velocidad (más 1429 divertido para el usuario). 1430 1431 • Algunos ejercicios de “sólo práctica” (‘d:’/‘s:’) (mezclados 1432 posiblemente con algunos ejercicios “reales”) seguidos por un “test 1433 final”. ‘esp.typ’ emplea este esquema. 1434 14356.3.2 Patrones para ejercicios 1436------------------------------ 1437 1438 • Cuando se introduce una tecla nueva, se comienza mezclando otras 1439 teclas (ya conocidas) para el mismo dedo. Este es un ejemplo de 1440 ‘t.typ’, línea 237: 1441 1442 I:Emplee el dedo J para la tecla H. 1443 *:_T_R_L23 1444 D:jjj jhj jjj jhj jjj jhj 1445 1446 • usar ’palabra, palabra.’ de manera repetida para practicar la ,/. 1447 1448 1449File: gtypist.es.info, Node: Findwords, Next: Patrones para lecciones, Up: Lecciones nuevas 1450 14516.4 El script ‘findwords’ 1452========================= 1453 1454El script ‘tools/findwords’ que se encuentra en las fuentes de GNU 1455Typist está para asistir en la creación de lecciones nuevas. 1456 14576.4.1 Propósito 1458--------------- 1459 1460Al principio se crea un tutor desde cero, no es fácil formar palabras ni 1461frases cuando el intervalo de letras que se pueden usar está 1462restringido. A veces se quiere insertar algún párrafo “destinado” a 1463alguna combinación especial de dos o tres letras. Esto es incluso más 1464difícil. 1465 1466 Por este motivo hemos creado ‘findwords’. Este programa emplea los 1467diccionarios de ‘aspell’ (un corrector ortográfico multi-lingüe y 1468libre). 1469 14706.4.2 Instalación 1471----------------- 1472 1473Se necesitan los paquetes ‘aspell’ y ‘aspell-LG’, donde LG es el código 1474de idioma ISO del idioma que se quiere usar. 1475 1476 Tras su correcta instalación habrá que hacer un pequeño cambio en la 1477configuración para que el banco de datos maestro de aspell sea el del 1478idioma elegido. Esto se puede hacer por dos vías: 1479 1480 1. En el directorio personal se crea el fichero ‘.aspell.conf’ y se le 1481 añade esta línea: 1482 ‘master LANGUAGE’ 1483 1484 2. Se crea ‘/usr/share/pspell/LG-aspell.pwli’ y se le añade esta 1485 línea: 1486 ‘/usr/lib/aspell/LG’ 1487 Hay que asegurarse de que el ajuste ‘locale’ es ‘LG’. 1488 1489 En lo de arriba, LG significa código de idioma ISO (vg. ‘en’, ‘fr’, 1490‘cs’) y LANGUAGE significa nombre del banco de datos que hay en 1491‘/usr/lib/aspell’ (vg. ‘english.multi’, ‘french’, ‘czech’). 1492 1493 Se puede verificar si funciona escribiendo: 1494 1495 aspell dump master | less 1496 14976.4.3 Uso de ‘findwords’ 1498------------------------ 1499 1500La sintaxis es como sigue: 1501 1502 ‘./findwords LETRAS [COMBINACIÓN]’ 1503 1504 En el argumento LETRAS, obligatorio, se deben listar las letras que 1505se quieren usar, sin ningún espacio. Si se pone un punto (‘.’) nos 1506referimos a ‘todas las letras’. El segundo argumento, COMBINACIÓN, es 1507optativo y con él se especifican las combinaciones de teclas que se 1508están buscando. 1509 1510 Algunos ejemplos: 1511 • ‘./findwords asdfjkleruio’ 1512 Buscamos todas las palabras compuestas con las letras listadas. 1513 1514 • ‘./findwords asdfjkleruio sa’ 1515 Buscamos palabras que contengan la combinación ‘sa’, pero sólo 1516 aquellas compuestas con las letras especificadas. 1517 1518 • ‘./findwords . col’ 1519 Palabras que contengan todas las letras, pero que tengan ‘col’ en 1520 alguna parte dentro de ellas. 1521 1522 1523File: gtypist.es.info, Node: Modo para Emacs, Next: Variables de entorno, Prev: Lecciones nuevas, Up: Top 1524 15257 El modo para Emacs 1526******************** 1527 1528gtypist viene ahora con un modo mayor para Emacs que hace resaltado de 1529sintaxis, sangrado y posee algunos comandos convenientes para contar 1530etiquetas, ir a ellas, insertar leyendas centradas adecuadamente, 1531comentarios especiales y un poco más. 1532 1533 Se copia el fichero ‘tools/gtypist-mode.el’ a donde sea que se tengan 1534los ficheros elisp locales (v.g. ‘~/elisp’) y se pone esto en al 1535‘~/.emacs’ (adáptese la ruta): 1536 1537 (autoload 'gtypist-mode "~/elisp/gtypist-mode") 1538 1539 o se pone en la ‘load-path’ (‘make install’ en las fuentes o el 1540paquete Debian, que ya lo hace solo) y se usa esto: 1541 1542 (autoload 'gtypist-mode "gtypist-mode") 1543 1544 *y* se añade esto al ‘~/.emacs’: 1545 1546 (setq auto-mode-alist 1547 (cons '("\\.typ\\'" . gtypist-mode) auto-mode-alist)) 1548 1549Todo esto también se menciona en la sección README del fichero 1550‘tools/gtypist-mode.el’. 1551 1552Estos son los comandos junto con sus asociaciones de teclas: 1553 1554‘C-c C-i, M-x gtypist-mode-info’ 1555 Con esto se muestra la documentación de gtypist, comenzando en el 1556 nodo “Sintaxis de las lecciones” (*note Sintaxis de las 1557 lecciones::). Con prefijo, comienza en el nodo superior. 1558 1559‘C-c M-g, M-x gtypist-mode-goto-label’ 1560 Pide una etiqueta a la que ir (con completado). 1561 1562‘C-c C-l, M-x gtypist-mode-next-label’ 1563 Este comando inserta la siguiente etiqueta en una secuencia 1564 numerada. Por ejemplo, si se inserta 1565 1566 *:SERIES1_L1 1567 1568 y se presiona ‘C-c C-l’, entonces el modo gtypist insertará 1569 1570 *:SERIES1_L2 1571 1572‘C-c C-b, M-x gtypist-mode-insert-banner’ 1573 Este comando inserta un comando ‘B:’ centrado. Se centra en 66 1574 columnas porque “gtypist <version>” está en la esquema derecha 1575 (pide el contenido). 1576 1577‘C-c C-r, M-x gtypist-mode-insert-hrule’ 1578 Inserta una línea horizontal (comentario) consistente en guiones. 1579 1580‘C-c C-n, M-x gtypist-mode-new-lesson’ 1581 Inserta los comentarios (cabecera) y una etiqueta para empezar una 1582 lección nueva (pide el nombre). 1583 1584‘C-c C-f, M-x gtypist-mode-fortune-to-drill’ 1585 Inserta un entrenamiento (‘D:’) con texto de ‘fortune’ (o ‘yow’ si 1586 ‘fortune’ no está disponible). Se usa el prefijo ‘C-u’ para 1587 obtener ‘S:’, y ‘C-u C-u’ para obtener ‘d:’. 1588 1589Ejecutando ‘C-h m’ se consigue la lista completa de comandos y sus 1590asociaciones de teclas. 1591 1592 Quien localice fallos o piense que hay alguna otra cosa que podría 1593introducirse, puede escribir a <bug-gtypist@gnu.org>. 1594 1595 1596File: gtypist.es.info, Node: Variables de entorno, Next: Errores y omisiones, Prev: Modo para Emacs, Up: Top 1597 15988 Variables de entorno 1599********************** 1600 1601GNU Typist emplea las siguientes variables de entorno: 1602 1603‘LANG’ 1604 1605 GNU Typist ofrece soporte en idioma nativo (Native Language 1606 Support, NLS) mediante la biblioteca ‘gettext’, esto significa que 1607 si el sistema lo admite, se puede elegir el idioma en que se 1608 muestren los mensajes. Por ahora ‘gtypist’ se distribuye con 1609 mensajes en alemán, checo, español, francés, inglés y suomi. Para 1610 usar un NLS particular se emplea la variable de entorno LANG y se 1611 pone en la combinación apropiada de ‘LL_CC’, donde ‘LL’ es un 1612 código de idioma ISO 639 de dos letras y ‘CC’ es un código de país 1613 ISO 3166 de dos letras (v.g. ‘es_ES’ para España y ‘de_DE’ para 1614 Alemania). En algunos sistemas también será necesario poner la 1615 variable de entorno LANGUAGE en el mismo valor. 1616 1617 Quien desee traducir los mensajes a otros idiomas (o corregir los 1618 ya traducidos), se puede comunicar con <bug-gtypist@gnu.org>. 1619 1620‘GTYPIST_PATH’ 1621 Lista los directorios en donde buscará el programa los ficheros. 1622 Tiene el formato estándar de las rutas, esto es, una lista de 1623 directorios separados por ‘:’. Para visitar un fichero, gtypist lo 1624 intentará como sigue: (1) usar sólo el nombre del fichero (2) 1625 agregará cada uno de los directorios especificados en a variable 1626 ‘GTYPIST_PATH’ y (3) agregará el directorio usado durante el 1627 proceso de instalación (v.g. ‘/usr/local/share/gtypist’ o 1628 ‘/usr/share/gtypist’). 1629 1630‘TERM’ 1631 Lo emplea curses para manejarse con la terminal. 1632 1633‘TERMINFO’ 1634 Es posible que esto tenga que establecerse si la ruta al banco de 1635 datos ‘terminfo’ es diferente entre el sistema en el que se compiló 1636 el binario y aquel en que se ejecuta. Por ejemplo, en los sistemas 1637 Slackware antiguos, el banco de datos terminfo reside en 1638 ‘/usr/lib/terminfo’. En RedHat Linux, está en 1639 ‘/usr/share/terminfo’. Si el programa se queja acerca del tipo de 1640 terminal y el valor de ‘TERM’ es correcto, hay que revisar esta 1641 variable. 1642 1643 1644File: gtypist.es.info, Node: Errores y omisiones, Next: Historia, Prev: Variables de entorno, Up: Top 1645 16469 Errores y omisiones 1647********************* 1648 1649GNU Typist aún no admite codificación de caracteres multi-byte (como 1650UTF-8). Para ver todos los caracteres de algunas de las lecciones, hay 1651que asegurarse de que la terminal se ejecute en un entorno en donde la 1652variable LANG no esté puesta en UTF-8. Los usuarios más perezosos 1653pueden probar a ejecutar GNU Typist en otro tipo de terminal. A veces 1654funciona. 1655 1656 GNU Typist no hace muchos esfuerzos en minimizar la salida de la 1657terminal. En particular, el cursor de bloque que hace flash puede 1658causar un montón de movimiento de cursor. El uso del cursor de la 1659propia terminal puede ser de ayuda si esto se convierte en un problema. 1660 1661 En las pruebas de velocidad, el programa no permite el retroceso o 1662eliminación más allá del comienzo de la línea de pantalla o regresar a 1663través de caracteres de tabulación. Esto se debe puramente al deseo de 1664simplificar la actualización de la pantalla. 1665 1666 Los modos de color de curses no parecen funcionar bien con UnixWare. 1667En particular, el vídeo inverso no siempre se procesa correctamente en 1668algunos tipos de terminales ni en xterms. 1669 1670 1671File: gtypist.es.info, Node: Historia, Next: Copia del manual, Prev: Errores y omisiones, Up: Top 1672 1673Appendix A Historia de GNU Typist 1674********************************* 1675 1676 • El programa inicial se escribió para VAX/VMS BASIC por alguien de 1677 Harris Corp (Ft. Lauderdale, FL). 1678 1679 • D. Jason Penney <penneyj@slc.com> lo re-escribió para Microsoft 1680 BASICA 1681 1682 • D. Jason Penney <penneyj@slc.com> lo re-escribió en C con la 1683 biblioteca curses 1684 1685 • Simon Baldwin <simonb@sco.com> re-escribió la versión de D. Jason 1686 Penney, con aportaciones descritas en el fichero NEWS (versiones 1687 2.2 a 2.2b). Fue el derecho-habiente del copyright de GNU Typist 1688 (que se distribuía bajo la GPL). Simon también escribió una versión 1689 de Typist en Java que se llamó inicialmente JTypist y 1690 posteriormente volvió a llamarse de nuevo Typist: 1691 1692 [se ofrece una dirección en geocities que ya no existe] 1693 • A partir de 1997, Ben Armstrong <synrg@sanctuary.nslug.ns.ca> ayudó 1694 a corregir fallos y a mantener el paquete Debian 1695 (http://packages.debian.org/gtypist/). 1696 1697 • En 2000, Vladimir Támara <vtamara@users.sourceforge.net> y Igor 1698 Támara <ikks@users.sourceforge.net> fueron los mantenedores de la 1699 versión en C. Antes de Noviembre de 2000, GNU Typist se mantenía 1700 como parte del proyecto Structio. 1701 1702 • ¡En Noviembre de 2000 se aceptó como paquete GNU! Se renombró a GNU 1703 Typist (o gtypist). 1704 1705 • En Mayo de 2001, Michael Opdenacker <michaelo@gnu.org>, que 1706 aprendió a mecanografiar con GNU Typist, se hizo el nuevo 1707 mantenedor. El desarrollo del proyecto pasa a alojarse en 1708 <http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/gtypist/>. 1709 1710 • En Junio de 2001, Felix Natter <fnatter@gmx.net> se unió y realizó 1711 contribuciones importantes al proyecto: importación de lecciones de 1712 otros tutores, mejoras en las herramientas, nuevas capacidades de 1713 tutoría, el modo para Emacs, la interfaz basada en teclas de 1714 flechas y mucho más. 1715 1716 • En 2003, Dmitry Rutsky <rutsky@school.ioffe.rssi.ru> se unió al 1717 equipo de desarrollo y difundió un número importante de ideas, 1718 hacks y mejoras. 1719 1720 • En Abril de 2008, Paul Goins <general@vultaire.net> se hizo cargo 1721 del mantenimiento de GNU Typist, al que le añadió unas cuantas 1722 mejoras (especialmente la construcción bajo Windows con MinGW), 1723 actualizó algo la documentación y cambió la licencia a la versión 3 1724 de la GPL. 1725 1726 1727File: gtypist.es.info, Node: Copia del manual, Prev: Historia, Up: Top 1728 1729Appendix B Licencia de Documentación Pública de GNU 1730*************************************************** 1731 1732 Version 1.2, November 2002 1733 1734 Copyright © 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 1735 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA 1736 1737 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 1738 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 1739 1740 0. PREAMBLE 1741 1742 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other 1743 functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to 1744 assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, 1745 with or without modifying it, either commercially or 1746 noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the 1747 author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not 1748 being considered responsible for modifications made by others. 1749 1750 This License is a kind of “copyleft”, which means that derivative 1751 works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. 1752 It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft 1753 license designed for free software. 1754 1755 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for 1756 free software, because free software needs free documentation: a 1757 free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms 1758 that the software does. But this License is not limited to 1759 software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless 1760 of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We 1761 recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is 1762 instruction or reference. 1763 1764 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS 1765 1766 This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, 1767 that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can 1768 be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice 1769 grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, 1770 to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The 1771 “Document”, below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member 1772 of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as “you”. You accept 1773 the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way 1774 requiring permission under copyright law. 1775 1776 A “Modified Version” of the Document means any work containing the 1777 Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with 1778 modifications and/or translated into another language. 1779 1780 A “Secondary Section” is a named appendix or a front-matter section 1781 of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the 1782 publishers or authors of the Document to the Document’s overall 1783 subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could 1784 fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document 1785 is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not 1786 explain any mathematics.) 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A copy that is not 1817 “Transparent” is called “Opaque”. 1818 1819 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain 1820 ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, 1821 SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming 1822 simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. 1823 Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. 1824 Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and 1825 edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which 1826 the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and 1827 the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word 1828 processors for output purposes only. 1829 1830 The “Title Page” means, for a printed book, the title page itself, 1831 plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the 1832 material this License requires to appear in the title page. For 1833 works in formats which do not have any title page as such, “Title 1834 Page” means the text near the most prominent appearance of the 1835 work’s title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text. 1836 1837 A section “Entitled XYZ” means a named subunit of the Document 1838 whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses 1839 following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ 1840 stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as 1841 “Acknowledgements”, “Dedications”, “Endorsements”, or “History”.) 1842 To “Preserve the Title” of such a section when you modify the 1843 Document means that it remains a section “Entitled XYZ” according 1844 to this definition. 1845 1846 The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice 1847 which states that this License applies to the Document. These 1848 Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in 1849 this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other 1850 implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and 1851 has no effect on the meaning of this License. 1852 1853 2. VERBATIM COPYING 1854 1855 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either 1856 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the 1857 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License 1858 applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you 1859 add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You 1860 may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading 1861 or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, 1862 you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you 1863 distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the 1864 conditions in section 3. 1865 1866 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, 1867 and you may publicly display copies. 1868 1869 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY 1870 1871 If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly 1872 have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and 1873 the Document’s license notice requires Cover Texts, you must 1874 enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all 1875 these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and 1876 Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly 1877 and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The 1878 front cover must present the full title with all words of the title 1879 equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the 1880 covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as 1881 long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these 1882 conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects. 1883 1884 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit 1885 legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit 1886 reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto 1887 adjacent pages. 1888 1889 If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document 1890 numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable 1891 Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with 1892 each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general 1893 network-using public has access to download using public-standard 1894 network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free 1895 of added material. If you use the latter option, you must take 1896 reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque 1897 copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will 1898 remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one 1899 year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or 1900 through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public. 1901 1902 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of 1903 the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, 1904 to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the 1905 Document. 1906 1907 4. MODIFICATIONS 1908 1909 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document 1910 under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you 1911 release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the 1912 Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing 1913 distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever 1914 possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in 1915 the Modified Version: 1916 1917 A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title 1918 distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous 1919 versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the 1920 History section of the Document). You may use the same title 1921 as a previous version if the original publisher of that 1922 version gives permission. 1923 1924 B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or 1925 entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in 1926 the Modified Version, together with at least five of the 1927 principal authors of the Document (all of its principal 1928 authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you 1929 from this requirement. 1930 1931 C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the 1932 Modified Version, as the publisher. 1933 1934 D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. 1935 1936 E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications 1937 adjacent to the other copyright notices. 1938 1939 F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license 1940 notice giving the public permission to use the Modified 1941 Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in 1942 the Addendum below. 1943 1944 G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant 1945 Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document’s 1946 license notice. 1947 1948 H. Include an unaltered copy of this License. 1949 1950 I. Preserve the section Entitled “History”, Preserve its Title, 1951 and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new 1952 authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the 1953 Title Page. If there is no section Entitled “History” in the 1954 Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and 1955 publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add 1956 an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the 1957 previous sentence. 1958 1959 J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document 1960 for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and 1961 likewise the network locations given in the Document for 1962 previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the 1963 “History” section. You may omit a network location for a work 1964 that was published at least four years before the Document 1965 itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers 1966 to gives permission. 1967 1968 K. For any section Entitled “Acknowledgements” or “Dedications”, 1969 Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section 1970 all the substance and tone of each of the contributor 1971 acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein. 1972 1973 L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered 1974 in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the 1975 equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. 1976 1977 M. Delete any section Entitled “Endorsements”. Such a section 1978 may not be included in the Modified Version. 1979 1980 N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled 1981 “Endorsements” or to conflict in title with any Invariant 1982 Section. 1983 1984 O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. 1985 1986 If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or 1987 appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no 1988 material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate 1989 some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their 1990 titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version’s 1991 license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other 1992 section titles. 1993 1994 You may add a section Entitled “Endorsements”, provided it contains 1995 nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various 1996 parties—for example, statements of peer review or that the text has 1997 been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of 1998 a standard. 1999 2000 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, 2001 and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of 2002 the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage 2003 of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or 2004 through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document 2005 already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added 2006 by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on 2007 behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old 2008 one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added 2009 the old one. 2010 2011 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this 2012 License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to 2013 assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version. 2014 2015 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS 2016 2017 You may combine the Document with other documents released under 2018 this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for 2019 modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all 2020 of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, 2021 unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your 2022 combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all 2023 their Warranty Disclaimers. 2024 2025 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and 2026 multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single 2027 copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name 2028 but different contents, make the title of each such section unique 2029 by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the 2030 original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a 2031 unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in 2032 the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the 2033 combined work. 2034 2035 In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled 2036 “History” in the various original documents, forming one section 2037 Entitled “History”; likewise combine any sections Entitled 2038 “Acknowledgements”, and any sections Entitled “Dedications”. You 2039 must delete all sections Entitled “Endorsements.” 2040 2041 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS 2042 2043 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other 2044 documents released under this License, and replace the individual 2045 copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy 2046 that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the 2047 rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents 2048 in all other respects. 2049 2050 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and 2051 distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert 2052 a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this 2053 License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that 2054 document. 2055 2056 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS 2057 2058 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other 2059 separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a 2060 storage or distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the 2061 copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the 2062 legal rights of the compilation’s users beyond what the individual 2063 works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this 2064 License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which 2065 are not themselves derivative works of the Document. 2066 2067 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these 2068 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half 2069 of the entire aggregate, the Document’s Cover Texts may be placed 2070 on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the 2071 electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic 2072 form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket 2073 the whole aggregate. 2074 2075 8. TRANSLATION 2076 2077 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may 2078 distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 2079 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special 2080 permission from their copyright holders, but you may include 2081 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the 2082 original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a 2083 translation of this License, and all the license notices in the 2084 Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also 2085 include the original English version of this License and the 2086 original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a 2087 disagreement between the translation and the original version of 2088 this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will 2089 prevail. 2090 2091 If a section in the Document is Entitled “Acknowledgements”, 2092 “Dedications”, or “History”, the requirement (section 4) to 2093 Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the 2094 actual title. 2095 2096 9. TERMINATION 2097 2098 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document 2099 except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other 2100 attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is 2101 void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this 2102 License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, 2103 from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated 2104 so long as such parties remain in full compliance. 2105 2106 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE 2107 2108 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of 2109 the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new 2110 versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may 2111 differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See 2112 <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/>. 2113 2114 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version 2115 number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered 2116 version of this License “or any later version” applies to it, you 2117 have the option of following the terms and conditions either of 2118 that specified version or of any later version that has been 2119 published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the 2120 Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may 2121 choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free 2122 Software Foundation. 2123 2124ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents 2125==================================================== 2126 2127To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of 2128the License in the document and put the following copyright and license 2129notices just after the title page: 2130 2131 Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME. 2132 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document 2133 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 2134 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; 2135 with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover 2136 Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU 2137 Free Documentation License''. 2138 2139 If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover 2140Texts, replace the “with…Texts.” line with this: 2141 2142 with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with 2143 the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts 2144 being LIST. 2145 2146 If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other 2147combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the 2148situation. 2149 2150 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we 2151recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free 2152software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit 2153their use in free software. 2154 2155 2156 2157Tag Table: 2158Node: Top974 2159Node: Distribucion3267 2160Node: Copiado4312 2161Node: Introduccion42061 2162Node: Invocacion45619 2163Node: Lecciones suministradas50738 2164Node: Uso de typefortune52594 2165Node: Sintaxis de las lecciones53575 2166Node: Lecciones nuevas63564 2167Node: Lecciones Ktouch64350 2168Node: Ejercicios de fortune66991 2169Node: Patrones para lecciones67654 2170Node: Findwords68908 2171Node: Modo para Emacs71543 2172Node: Variables de entorno74239 2173Node: Errores y omisiones76528 2174Node: Historia77776 2175Node: Copia del manual80284 2176 2177End Tag Table 2178 2179 2180Local Variables: 2181coding: utf-8 2182End: 2183