1 /* Copyright (C) 2010-2020 The RetroArch team
2  *
3  * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4  * The following license statement only applies to this libretro API header (libretro_vulkan.h)
5  * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6  *
7  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge,
8  * to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
9  * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
10  * use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
11  * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
12  *
13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
14  *
15  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
16  * INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
17  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
18  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
19  * WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
20  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
21  */
22 
23 #ifndef LIBRETRO_VULKAN_H__
24 #define LIBRETRO_VULKAN_H__
25 
26 #include <libretro.h>
27 #include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
28 
29 #define RETRO_HW_RENDER_INTERFACE_VULKAN_VERSION 5
30 #define RETRO_HW_RENDER_CONTEXT_NEGOTIATION_INTERFACE_VULKAN_VERSION 1
31 
32 struct retro_vulkan_image
33 {
34    VkImageView image_view;
35    VkImageLayout image_layout;
36    VkImageViewCreateInfo create_info;
37 };
38 
39 typedef void (*retro_vulkan_set_image_t)(void *handle,
40       const struct retro_vulkan_image *image,
41       uint32_t num_semaphores,
42       const VkSemaphore *semaphores,
43       uint32_t src_queue_family);
44 
45 typedef uint32_t (*retro_vulkan_get_sync_index_t)(void *handle);
46 typedef uint32_t (*retro_vulkan_get_sync_index_mask_t)(void *handle);
47 typedef void (*retro_vulkan_set_command_buffers_t)(void *handle,
48       uint32_t num_cmd,
49       const VkCommandBuffer *cmd);
50 typedef void (*retro_vulkan_wait_sync_index_t)(void *handle);
51 typedef void (*retro_vulkan_lock_queue_t)(void *handle);
52 typedef void (*retro_vulkan_unlock_queue_t)(void *handle);
53 typedef void (*retro_vulkan_set_signal_semaphore_t)(void *handle, VkSemaphore semaphore);
54 
55 typedef const VkApplicationInfo *(*retro_vulkan_get_application_info_t)(void);
56 
57 struct retro_vulkan_context
58 {
59    VkPhysicalDevice gpu;
60    VkDevice device;
61    VkQueue queue;
62    uint32_t queue_family_index;
63    VkQueue presentation_queue;
64    uint32_t presentation_queue_family_index;
65 };
66 
67 typedef bool (*retro_vulkan_create_device_t)(
68       struct retro_vulkan_context *context,
69       VkInstance instance,
70       VkPhysicalDevice gpu,
71       VkSurfaceKHR surface,
72       PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr get_instance_proc_addr,
73       const char **required_device_extensions,
74       unsigned num_required_device_extensions,
75       const char **required_device_layers,
76       unsigned num_required_device_layers,
77       const VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures *required_features);
78 
79 typedef void (*retro_vulkan_destroy_device_t)(void);
80 
81 /* Note on thread safety:
82  * The Vulkan API is heavily designed around multi-threading, and
83  * the libretro interface for it should also be threading friendly.
84  * A core should be able to build command buffers and submit
85  * command buffers to the GPU from any thread.
86  */
87 
88 struct retro_hw_render_context_negotiation_interface_vulkan
89 {
90    /* Must be set to RETRO_HW_RENDER_CONTEXT_NEGOTIATION_INTERFACE_VULKAN. */
91    enum retro_hw_render_context_negotiation_interface_type interface_type;
92    /* Must be set to RETRO_HW_RENDER_CONTEXT_NEGOTIATION_INTERFACE_VULKAN_VERSION. */
93    unsigned interface_version;
94 
95    /* If non-NULL, returns a VkApplicationInfo struct that the frontend can use instead of
96     * its "default" application info.
97     */
98    retro_vulkan_get_application_info_t get_application_info;
99 
100    /* If non-NULL, the libretro core will choose one or more physical devices,
101     * create one or more logical devices and create one or more queues.
102     * The core must prepare a designated PhysicalDevice, Device, Queue and queue family index
103     * which the frontend will use for its internal operation.
104     *
105     * If gpu is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, the physical device provided to the frontend must be this PhysicalDevice.
106     * The core is still free to use other physical devices.
107     *
108     * The frontend will request certain extensions and layers for a device which is created.
109     * The core must ensure that the queue and queue_family_index support GRAPHICS and COMPUTE.
110     *
111     * If surface is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, the core must consider presentation when creating the queues.
112     * If presentation to "surface" is supported on the queue, presentation_queue must be equal to queue.
113     * If not, a second queue must be provided in presentation_queue and presentation_queue_index.
114     * If surface is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, the instance from frontend will have been created with supported for
115     * VK_KHR_surface extension.
116     *
117     * The core is free to set its own queue priorities.
118     * Device provided to frontend is owned by the frontend, but any additional device resources must be freed by core
119     * in destroy_device callback.
120     *
121     * If this function returns true, a PhysicalDevice, Device and Queues are initialized.
122     * If false, none of the above have been initialized and the frontend will attempt
123     * to fallback to "default" device creation, as if this function was never called.
124     */
125    retro_vulkan_create_device_t create_device;
126 
127    /* If non-NULL, this callback is called similar to context_destroy for HW_RENDER_INTERFACE.
128     * However, it will be called even if context_reset was not called.
129     * This can happen if the context never succeeds in being created.
130     * destroy_device will always be called before the VkInstance
131     * of the frontend is destroyed if create_device was called successfully so that the core has a chance of
132     * tearing down its own device resources.
133     *
134     * Only auxillary resources should be freed here, i.e. resources which are not part of retro_vulkan_context.
135     */
136    retro_vulkan_destroy_device_t destroy_device;
137 };
138 
139 struct retro_hw_render_interface_vulkan
140 {
141    /* Must be set to RETRO_HW_RENDER_INTERFACE_VULKAN. */
142    enum retro_hw_render_interface_type interface_type;
143    /* Must be set to RETRO_HW_RENDER_INTERFACE_VULKAN_VERSION. */
144    unsigned interface_version;
145 
146    /* Opaque handle to the Vulkan backend in the frontend
147     * which must be passed along to all function pointers
148     * in this interface.
149     *
150     * The rationale for including a handle here (which libretro v1
151     * doesn't currently do in general) is:
152     *
153     * - Vulkan cores should be able to be freely threaded without lots of fuzz.
154     *   This would break frontends which currently rely on TLS
155     *   to deal with multiple cores loaded at the same time.
156     * - Fixing this in general is TODO for an eventual libretro v2.
157     */
158    void *handle;
159 
160    /* The Vulkan instance the context is using. */
161    VkInstance instance;
162    /* The physical device used. */
163    VkPhysicalDevice gpu;
164    /* The logical device used. */
165    VkDevice device;
166 
167    /* Allows a core to fetch all its needed symbols without having to link
168     * against the loader itself. */
169    PFN_vkGetDeviceProcAddr get_device_proc_addr;
170    PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr get_instance_proc_addr;
171 
172    /* The queue the core must use to submit data.
173     * This queue and index must remain constant throughout the lifetime
174     * of the context.
175     *
176     * This queue will be the queue that supports graphics and compute
177     * if the device supports compute.
178     */
179    VkQueue queue;
180    unsigned queue_index;
181 
182    /* Before calling retro_video_refresh_t with RETRO_HW_FRAME_BUFFER_VALID,
183     * set which image to use for this frame.
184     *
185     * If num_semaphores is non-zero, the frontend will wait for the
186     * semaphores provided to be signaled before using the results further
187     * in the pipeline.
188     *
189     * Semaphores provided by a single call to set_image will only be
190     * waited for once (waiting for a semaphore resets it).
191     * E.g. set_image, video_refresh, and then another
192     * video_refresh without set_image,
193     * but same image will only wait for semaphores once.
194     *
195     * For this reason, ownership transfer will only occur if semaphores
196     * are waited on for a particular frame in the frontend.
197     *
198     * Using semaphores is optional for synchronization purposes,
199     * but if not using
200     * semaphores, an image memory barrier in vkCmdPipelineBarrier
201     * should be used in the graphics_queue.
202     * Example:
203     *
204     * vkCmdPipelineBarrier(cmd,
205     *    srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT,
206     *    dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT,
207     *    image_memory_barrier = {
208     *       srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
209     *       dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT,
210     *    });
211     *
212     * The use of pipeline barriers instead of semaphores is encouraged
213     * as it is simpler and more fine-grained. A layout transition
214     * must generally happen anyways which requires a
215     * pipeline barrier.
216     *
217     * The image passed to set_image must have imageUsage flags set to at least
218     * VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT and VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT.
219     * The core will naturally want to use flags such as
220     * VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT and/or
221     * VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT depending
222     * on how the final image is created.
223     *
224     * The image must also have been created with MUTABLE_FORMAT bit set if
225     * 8-bit formats are used, so that the frontend can reinterpret sRGB
226     * formats as it sees fit.
227     *
228     * Images passed to set_image should be created with TILING_OPTIMAL.
229     * The image layout should be transitioned to either
230     * VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERIC or VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL.
231     * The actual image layout used must be set in image_layout.
232     *
233     * The image must be a 2D texture which may or not be layered
234     * and/or mipmapped.
235     *
236     * The image must be suitable for linear sampling.
237     * While the image_view is typically the only field used,
238     * the frontend may want to reinterpret the texture as sRGB vs.
239     * non-sRGB for example so the VkImageViewCreateInfo used to
240     * create the image view must also be passed in.
241     *
242     * The data in the pointer to the image struct will not be copied
243     * as the pNext field in create_info cannot be reliably deep-copied.
244     * The image pointer passed to set_image must be valid until
245     * retro_video_refresh_t has returned.
246     *
247     * If frame duping is used when passing NULL to retro_video_refresh_t,
248     * the frontend is free to either use the latest image passed to
249     * set_image or reuse the older pointer passed to set_image the
250     * frame RETRO_HW_FRAME_BUFFER_VALID was last used.
251     *
252     * Essentially, the lifetime of the pointer passed to
253     * retro_video_refresh_t should be extended if frame duping is used
254     * so that the frontend can reuse the older pointer.
255     *
256     * The image itself however, must not be touched by the core until
257     * wait_sync_index has been completed later. The frontend may perform
258     * layout transitions on the image, so even read-only access is not defined.
259     * The exception to read-only rule is if GENERAL layout is used for the image.
260     * In this case, the frontend is not allowed to perform any layout transitions,
261     * so concurrent reads from core and frontend are allowed.
262     *
263     * If frame duping is used, or if set_command_buffers is used,
264     * the frontend will not wait for any semaphores.
265     *
266     * The src_queue_family is used to specify which queue family
267     * the image is currently owned by. If using multiple queue families
268     * (e.g. async compute), the frontend will need to acquire ownership of the
269     * image before rendering with it and release the image afterwards.
270     *
271     * If src_queue_family is equal to the queue family (queue_index),
272     * no ownership transfer will occur.
273     * Similarly, if src_queue_family is VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
274     * no ownership transfer will occur.
275     *
276     * The frontend will always release ownership back to src_queue_family.
277     * Waiting for frontend to complete with wait_sync_index() ensures that
278     * the frontend has released ownership back to the application.
279     * Note that in Vulkan, transfering ownership is a two-part process.
280     *
281     * Example frame:
282     *  - core releases ownership from src_queue_index to queue_index with VkImageMemoryBarrier.
283     *  - core calls set_image with src_queue_index.
284     *  - Frontend will acquire the image with src_queue_index -> queue_index as well, completing the ownership transfer.
285     *  - Frontend renders the frame.
286     *  - Frontend releases ownership with queue_index -> src_queue_index.
287     *  - Next time image is used, core must acquire ownership from queue_index ...
288     *
289     * Since the frontend releases ownership, we cannot necessarily dupe the frame because
290     * the core needs to make the roundtrip of ownership transfer.
291     */
292    retro_vulkan_set_image_t set_image;
293 
294    /* Get the current sync index for this frame which is obtained in
295     * frontend by calling e.g. vkAcquireNextImageKHR before calling
296     * retro_run().
297     *
298     * This index will correspond to which swapchain buffer is currently
299     * the active one.
300     *
301     * Knowing this index is very useful for maintaining safe asynchronous CPU
302     * and GPU operation without stalling.
303     *
304     * The common pattern for synchronization is to receive fences when
305     * submitting command buffers to Vulkan (vkQueueSubmit) and add this fence
306     * to a list of fences for frame number get_sync_index().
307     *
308     * Next time we receive the same get_sync_index(), we can wait for the
309     * fences from before, which will usually return immediately as the
310     * frontend will generally also avoid letting the GPU run ahead too much.
311     *
312     * After the fence has signaled, we know that the GPU has completed all
313     * GPU work related to work submitted in the frame we last saw get_sync_index().
314     *
315     * This means we can safely reuse or free resources allocated in this frame.
316     *
317     * In theory, even if we wait for the fences correctly, it is not technically
318     * safe to write to the image we earlier passed to the frontend since we're
319     * not waiting for the frontend GPU jobs to complete.
320     *
321     * The frontend will guarantee that the appropriate pipeline barrier
322     * in graphics_queue has been used such that
323     * VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT cannot
324     * start until the frontend is done with the image.
325     */
326    retro_vulkan_get_sync_index_t get_sync_index;
327 
328    /* Returns a bitmask of how many swapchain images we currently have
329     * in the frontend.
330     *
331     * If bit #N is set in the return value, get_sync_index can return N.
332     * Knowing this value is useful for preallocating per-frame management
333     * structures ahead of time.
334     *
335     * While this value will typically remain constant throughout the
336     * applications lifecycle, it may for example change if the frontend
337     * suddently changes fullscreen state and/or latency.
338     *
339     * If this value ever changes, it is safe to assume that the device
340     * is completely idle and all synchronization objects can be deleted
341     * right away as desired.
342     */
343    retro_vulkan_get_sync_index_mask_t get_sync_index_mask;
344 
345    /* Instead of submitting the command buffer to the queue first, the core
346     * can pass along its command buffer to the frontend, and the frontend
347     * will submit the command buffer together with the frontends command buffers.
348     *
349     * This has the advantage that the overhead of vkQueueSubmit can be
350     * amortized into a single call. For this mode, semaphores in set_image
351     * will be ignored, so vkCmdPipelineBarrier must be used to synchronize
352     * the core and frontend.
353     *
354     * The command buffers in set_command_buffers are only executed once,
355     * even if frame duping is used.
356     *
357     * If frame duping is used, set_image should be used for the frames
358     * which should be duped instead.
359     *
360     * Command buffers passed to the frontend with set_command_buffers
361     * must not actually be submitted to the GPU until retro_video_refresh_t
362     * is called.
363     *
364     * The frontend must submit the command buffer before submitting any
365     * other command buffers provided by set_command_buffers. */
366    retro_vulkan_set_command_buffers_t set_command_buffers;
367 
368    /* Waits on CPU for device activity for the current sync index to complete.
369     * This is useful since the core will not have a relevant fence to sync with
370     * when the frontend is submitting the command buffers. */
371    retro_vulkan_wait_sync_index_t wait_sync_index;
372 
373    /* If the core submits command buffers itself to any of the queues provided
374     * in this interface, the core must lock and unlock the frontend from
375     * racing on the VkQueue.
376     *
377     * Queue submission can happen on any thread.
378     * Even if queue submission happens on the same thread as retro_run(),
379     * the lock/unlock functions must still be called.
380     *
381     * NOTE: Queue submissions are heavy-weight. */
382    retro_vulkan_lock_queue_t lock_queue;
383    retro_vulkan_unlock_queue_t unlock_queue;
384 
385    /* Sets a semaphore which is signaled when the image in set_image can safely be reused.
386     * The semaphore is consumed next call to retro_video_refresh_t.
387     * The semaphore will be signalled even for duped frames.
388     * The semaphore will be signalled only once, so set_signal_semaphore should be called every frame.
389     * The semaphore may be VK_NULL_HANDLE, which disables semaphore signalling for next call to retro_video_refresh_t.
390     *
391     * This is mostly useful to support use cases where you're rendering to a single image that
392     * is recycled in a ping-pong fashion with the frontend to save memory (but potentially less throughput).
393     */
394    retro_vulkan_set_signal_semaphore_t set_signal_semaphore;
395 };
396 
397 #endif
398