code/renderer/tr_main.c

/*
===========================================================================
Copyright (C) 1999-2005 Id Software, Inc.

This file is part of Quake III Arena source code.

Quake III Arena source code is free software; you can redistribute it
and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License,
or (at your option) any later version.

Quake III Arena source code is distributed in the hope that it will be
useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with Quake III Arena source code; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
===========================================================================
*/
// tr_main.c -- main control flow for each frame

#include "tr_local.h"

#include <string.h> // memcpy

trGlobals_t		tr;

static float	s_flipMatrix[16] = {
	// convert from our coordinate system (looking down X)
	// to OpenGL's coordinate system (looking down -Z)
	0, 0, -1, 0,
	-1, 0, 0, 0,
	0, 1, 0, 0,
	0, 0, 0, 1
};


refimport_t	ri;

// entities that will have procedurally generated surfaces will just
// point at this for their sorting surface
surfaceType_t	entitySurface = SF_ENTITY;

/*
=================
R_CullLocalBox

Returns CULL_IN, CULL_CLIP, or CULL_OUT
=================
*/
int R_CullLocalBox (vec3_t bounds[2]) {
	int		i, j;
	vec3_t	transformed[8];
	float	dists[8];
	vec3_t	v;
	cplane_t	*frust;
	int			anyBack;
	int			front, back;

	if ( r_nocull->integer ) {
		return CULL_CLIP;
	}

	// transform into world space
	for (i = 0 ; i < 8 ; i++) {
		v[0] = bounds[i&1][0];
		v[1] = bounds[(i>>1)&1][1];
		v[2] = bounds[(i>>2)&1][2];

		VectorCopy( tr.or.origin, transformed[i] );
		VectorMA( transformed[i], v[0], tr.or.axis[0], transformed[i] );
		VectorMA( transformed[i], v[1], tr.or.axis[1], transformed[i] );
		VectorMA( transformed[i], v[2], tr.or.axis[2], transformed[i] );
	}

	// check against frustum planes
	anyBack = 0;
	for (i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i++) {
		frust = &tr.viewParms.frustum[i];

		front = back = 0;
		for (j = 0 ; j < 8 ; j++) {
			dists[j] = DotProduct(transformed[j], frust->normal);
			if ( dists[j] > frust->dist ) {
				front = 1;
				if ( back ) {
					break;		// a point is in front
				}
			} else {
				back = 1;
			}
		}
		if ( !front ) {
			// all points were behind one of the planes
			return CULL_OUT;
		}
		anyBack |= back;
	}

	if ( !anyBack ) {
		return CULL_IN;		// completely inside frustum
	}

	return CULL_CLIP;		// partially clipped
}

/*
** R_CullLocalPointAndRadius
*/
int R_CullLocalPointAndRadius( vec3_t pt, float radius )
{
	vec3_t transformed;

	R_LocalPointToWorld( pt, transformed );

	return R_CullPointAndRadius( transformed, radius );
}

/*
** R_CullPointAndRadius
*/
int R_CullPointAndRadius( vec3_t pt, float radius )
{
	int		i;
	float	dist;
	cplane_t	*frust;
	qboolean mightBeClipped = qfalse;

	if ( r_nocull->integer ) {
		return CULL_CLIP;
	}

	// check against frustum planes
	for (i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i++)
	{
		frust = &tr.viewParms.frustum[i];

		dist = DotProduct( pt, frust->normal) - frust->dist;
		if ( dist < -radius )
		{
			return CULL_OUT;
		}
		else if ( dist <= radius )
		{
			mightBeClipped = qtrue;
		}
	}

	if ( mightBeClipped )
	{
		return CULL_CLIP;
	}

	return CULL_IN;		// completely inside frustum
}


/*
=================
R_LocalNormalToWorld

=================
*/
void R_LocalNormalToWorld (vec3_t local, vec3_t world) {
	world[0] = local[0] * tr.or.axis[0][0] + local[1] * tr.or.axis[1][0] + local[2] * tr.or.axis[2][0];
	world[1] = local[0] * tr.or.axis[0][1] + local[1] * tr.or.axis[1][1] + local[2] * tr.or.axis[2][1];
	world[2] = local[0] * tr.or.axis[0][2] + local[1] * tr.or.axis[1][2] + local[2] * tr.or.axis[2][2];
}

/*
=================
R_LocalPointToWorld

=================
*/
void R_LocalPointToWorld (vec3_t local, vec3_t world) {
	world[0] = local[0] * tr.or.axis[0][0] + local[1] * tr.or.axis[1][0] + local[2] * tr.or.axis[2][0] + tr.or.origin[0];
	world[1] = local[0] * tr.or.axis[0][1] + local[1] * tr.or.axis[1][1] + local[2] * tr.or.axis[2][1] + tr.or.origin[1];
	world[2] = local[0] * tr.or.axis[0][2] + local[1] * tr.or.axis[1][2] + local[2] * tr.or.axis[2][2] + tr.or.origin[2];
}

/*
=================
R_WorldToLocal

=================
*/
void R_WorldToLocal (vec3_t world, vec3_t local) {
	local[0] = DotProduct(world, tr.or.axis[0]);
	local[1] = DotProduct(world, tr.or.axis[1]);
	local[2] = DotProduct(world, tr.or.axis[2]);
}

/*
==========================
R_TransformModelToClip

==========================
*/
void R_TransformModelToClip( const vec3_t src, const float *modelMatrix, const float *projectionMatrix,
							vec4_t eye, vec4_t dst ) {
	int i;

	for ( i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i++ ) {
		eye[i] =
			src[0] * modelMatrix[ i + 0 * 4 ] +
			src[1] * modelMatrix[ i + 1 * 4 ] +
			src[2] * modelMatrix[ i + 2 * 4 ] +
			1 * modelMatrix[ i + 3 * 4 ];
	}

	for ( i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i++ ) {
		dst[i] =
			eye[0] * projectionMatrix[ i + 0 * 4 ] +
			eye[1] * projectionMatrix[ i + 1 * 4 ] +
			eye[2] * projectionMatrix[ i + 2 * 4 ] +
			eye[3] * projectionMatrix[ i + 3 * 4 ];
	}
}

/*
==========================
R_TransformClipToWindow

==========================
*/
void R_TransformClipToWindow( const vec4_t clip, const viewParms_t *view, vec4_t normalized, vec4_t window ) {
	normalized[0] = clip[0] / clip[3];
	normalized[1] = clip[1] / clip[3];
	normalized[2] = ( clip[2] + clip[3] ) / ( 2 * clip[3] );

	window[0] = 0.5f * ( 1.0f + normalized[0] ) * view->viewportWidth;
	window[1] = 0.5f * ( 1.0f + normalized[1] ) * view->viewportHeight;
	window[2] = normalized[2];

	window[0] = (int) ( window[0] + 0.5 );
	window[1] = (int) ( window[1] + 0.5 );
}


/*
==========================
myGlMultMatrix

==========================
*/
void myGlMultMatrix( const float *a, const float *b, float *out ) {
	int		i, j;

	for ( i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i++ ) {
		for ( j = 0 ; j < 4 ; j++ ) {
			out[ i * 4 + j ] =
				a [ i * 4 + 0 ] * b [ 0 * 4 + j ]
				+ a [ i * 4 + 1 ] * b [ 1 * 4 + j ]
				+ a [ i * 4 + 2 ] * b [ 2 * 4 + j ]
				+ a [ i * 4 + 3 ] * b [ 3 * 4 + j ];
		}
	}
}

/*
=================
R_RotateForEntity

Generates an orientation for an entity and viewParms
Does NOT produce any GL calls
Called by both the front end and the back end
=================
*/
void R_RotateForEntity( const trRefEntity_t *ent, const viewParms_t *viewParms,
					   orientationr_t *or ) {
	float	glMatrix[16];
	vec3_t	delta;
	float	axisLength;

	if ( ent->e.reType != RT_MODEL ) {
		*or = viewParms->world;
		return;
	}

	VectorCopy( ent->e.origin, or->origin );

	VectorCopy( ent->e.axis[0], or->axis[0] );
	VectorCopy( ent->e.axis[1], or->axis[1] );
	VectorCopy( ent->e.axis[2], or->axis[2] );

	glMatrix[0] = or->axis[0][0];
	glMatrix[4] = or->axis[1][0];
	glMatrix[8] = or->axis[2][0];
	glMatrix[12] = or->origin[0];

	glMatrix[1] = or->axis[0][1];
	glMatrix[5] = or->axis[1][1];
	glMatrix[9] = or->axis[2][1];
	glMatrix[13] = or->origin[1];

	glMatrix[2] = or->axis[0][2];
	glMatrix[6] = or->axis[1][2];
	glMatrix[10] = or->axis[2][2];
	glMatrix[14] = or->origin[2];

	glMatrix[3] = 0;
	glMatrix[7] = 0;
	glMatrix[11] = 0;
	glMatrix[15] = 1;

	myGlMultMatrix( glMatrix, viewParms->world.modelMatrix, or->modelMatrix );

	// calculate the viewer origin in the model's space
	// needed for fog, specular, and environment mapping
	VectorSubtract( viewParms->or.origin, or->origin, delta );

	// compensate for scale in the axes if necessary
	if ( ent->e.nonNormalizedAxes ) {
		axisLength = VectorLength( ent->e.axis[0] );
		if ( !axisLength ) {
			axisLength = 0;
		} else {
			axisLength = 1.0f / axisLength;
		}
	} else {
		axisLength = 1.0f;
	}

	or->viewOrigin[0] = DotProduct( delta, or->axis[0] ) * axisLength;
	or->viewOrigin[1] = DotProduct( delta, or->axis[1] ) * axisLength;
	or->viewOrigin[2] = DotProduct( delta, or->axis[2] ) * axisLength;
}

/*
=================
R_RotateForViewer

Sets up the modelview matrix for a given viewParm
=================
*/
void R_RotateForViewer (void)
{
	float	viewerMatrix[16];
	vec3_t	origin;

	Com_Memset (&tr.or, 0, sizeof(tr.or));
	tr.or.axis[0][0] = 1;
	tr.or.axis[1][1] = 1;
	tr.or.axis[2][2] = 1;
	VectorCopy (tr.viewParms.or.origin, tr.or.viewOrigin);

	// transform by the camera placement
	VectorCopy( tr.viewParms.or.origin, origin );

	viewerMatrix[0] = tr.viewParms.or.axis[0][0];
	viewerMatrix[4] = tr.viewParms.or.axis[0][1];
	viewerMatrix[8] = tr.viewParms.or.axis[0][2];
	viewerMatrix[12] = -origin[0] * viewerMatrix[0] + -origin[1] * viewerMatrix[4] + -origin[2] * viewerMatrix[8];

	viewerMatrix[1] = tr.viewParms.or.axis[1][0];
	viewerMatrix[5] = tr.viewParms.or.axis[1][1];
	viewerMatrix[9] = tr.viewParms.or.axis[1][2];
	viewerMatrix[13] = -origin[0] * viewerMatrix[1] + -origin[1] * viewerMatrix[5] + -origin[2] * viewerMatrix[9];

	viewerMatrix[2] = tr.viewParms.or.axis[2][0];
	viewerMatrix[6] = tr.viewParms.or.axis[2][1];
	viewerMatrix[10] = tr.viewParms.or.axis[2][2];
	viewerMatrix[14] = -origin[0] * viewerMatrix[2] + -origin[1] * viewerMatrix[6] + -origin[2] * viewerMatrix[10];

	viewerMatrix[3] = 0;
	viewerMatrix[7] = 0;
	viewerMatrix[11] = 0;
	viewerMatrix[15] = 1;

	// convert from our coordinate system (looking down X)
	// to OpenGL's coordinate system (looking down -Z)
	myGlMultMatrix( viewerMatrix, s_flipMatrix, tr.or.modelMatrix );

	tr.viewParms.world = tr.or;

}

/*
** SetFarClip
*/
static void R_SetFarClip( void )
{
	float	farthestCornerDistance = 0;
	int		i;

	// if not rendering the world (icons, menus, etc)
	// set a 2k far clip plane
	if ( tr.refdef.rdflags & RDF_NOWORLDMODEL ) {
		tr.viewParms.zFar = 2048;
		return;
	}

	//
	// set far clipping planes dynamically
	//
	farthestCornerDistance = 0;
	for ( i = 0; i < 8; i++ )
	{
		vec3_t v;
		vec3_t vecTo;
		float distance;

		if ( i & 1 )
		{
			v[0] = tr.viewParms.visBounds[0][0];
		}
		else
		{
			v[0] = tr.viewParms.visBounds[1][0];
		}

		if ( i & 2 )
		{
			v[1] = tr.viewParms.visBounds[0][1];
		}
		else
		{
			v[1] = tr.viewParms.visBounds[1][1];
		}

		if ( i & 4 )
		{
			v[2] = tr.viewParms.visBounds[0][2];
		}
		else
		{
			v[2] = tr.viewParms.visBounds[1][2];
		}

		VectorSubtract( v, tr.viewParms.or.origin, vecTo );

		distance = vecTo[0] * vecTo[0] + vecTo[1] * vecTo[1] + vecTo[2] * vecTo[2];

		if ( distance > farthestCornerDistance )
		{
			farthestCornerDistance = distance;
		}
	}
	tr.viewParms.zFar = sqrt( farthestCornerDistance );
}

/*
=================
R_SetupFrustum

Set up the culling frustum planes for the current view using the results we got from computing the first two rows of
the projection matrix.
=================
*/
void R_SetupFrustum (viewParms_t *dest, float xmin, float xmax, float ymax, float zProj, float stereoSep)
{
	vec3_t ofsorigin;
	float oppleg, adjleg, length;
	int i;

	if(stereoSep == 0 && xmin == -xmax)
	{
		// symmetric case can be simplified
		VectorCopy(dest->or.origin, ofsorigin);

		length = sqrt(xmax * xmax + zProj * zProj);
		oppleg = xmax / length;
		adjleg = zProj / length;

		VectorScale(dest->or.axis[0], oppleg, dest->frustum[0].normal);
		VectorMA(dest->frustum[0].normal, adjleg, dest->or.axis[1], dest->frustum[0].normal);

		VectorScale(dest->or.axis[0], oppleg, dest->frustum[1].normal);
		VectorMA(dest->frustum[1].normal, -adjleg, dest->or.axis[1], dest->frustum[1].normal);
	}
	else
	{
		// In stereo rendering, due to the modification of the projection matrix, dest->or.origin is not the
		// actual origin that we're rendering so offset the tip of the view pyramid.
		VectorMA(dest->or.origin, stereoSep, dest->or.axis[1], ofsorigin);

		oppleg = xmax + stereoSep;
		length = sqrt(oppleg * oppleg + zProj * zProj);
		VectorScale(dest->or.axis[0], oppleg / length, dest->frustum[0].normal);
		VectorMA(dest->frustum[0].normal, zProj / length, dest->or.axis[1], dest->frustum[0].normal);

		oppleg = xmin + stereoSep;
		length = sqrt(oppleg * oppleg + zProj * zProj);
		VectorScale(dest->or.axis[0], -oppleg / length, dest->frustum[1].normal);
		VectorMA(dest->frustum[1].normal, -zProj / length, dest->or.axis[1], dest->frustum[1].normal);
	}

	length = sqrt(ymax * ymax + zProj * zProj);
	oppleg = ymax / length;
	adjleg = zProj / length;

	VectorScale(dest->or.axis[0], oppleg, dest->frustum[2].normal);
	VectorMA(dest->frustum[2].normal, adjleg, dest->or.axis[2], dest->frustum[2].normal);

	VectorScale(dest->or.axis[0], oppleg, dest->frustum[3].normal);
	VectorMA(dest->frustum[3].normal, -adjleg, dest->or.axis[2], dest->frustum[3].normal);

	for (i=0 ; i<4 ; i++) {
		dest->frustum[i].type = PLANE_NON_AXIAL;
		dest->frustum[i].dist = DotProduct (ofsorigin, dest->frustum[i].normal);
		SetPlaneSignbits( &dest->frustum[i] );
	}
}

/*
===============
R_SetupProjection
===============
*/
void R_SetupProjection(viewParms_t *dest, float zProj, qboolean computeFrustum)
{
	float	xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax;
	float	width, height, stereoSep = r_stereoSeparation->value;

	/*
	 * offset the view origin of the viewer for stereo rendering
	 * by setting the projection matrix appropriately.
	 */

	if(stereoSep != 0)
	{
		if(dest->stereoFrame == STEREO_LEFT)
			stereoSep = zProj / stereoSep;
		else if(dest->stereoFrame == STEREO_RIGHT)
			stereoSep = zProj / -stereoSep;
		else
			stereoSep = 0;
	}

	ymax = zProj * tan(dest->fovY * M_PI / 360.0f);
	ymin = -ymax;

	xmax = zProj * tan(dest->fovX * M_PI / 360.0f);
	xmin = -xmax;

	width = xmax - xmin;
	height = ymax - ymin;

	dest->projectionMatrix[0] = 2 * zProj / width;
	dest->projectionMatrix[4] = 0;
	dest->projectionMatrix[8] = (xmax + xmin + 2 * stereoSep) / width;
	dest->projectionMatrix[12] = 2 * zProj * stereoSep / width;

	dest->projectionMatrix[1] = 0;
	dest->projectionMatrix[5] = 2 * zProj / height;
	dest->projectionMatrix[9] = ( ymax + ymin ) / height;	// normally 0
	dest->projectionMatrix[13] = 0;

	dest->projectionMatrix[3] = 0;
	dest->projectionMatrix[7] = 0;
	dest->projectionMatrix[11] = -1;
	dest->projectionMatrix[15] = 0;

	// Now that we have all the data for the projection matrix we can also setup the view frustum.
	if(computeFrustum)
		R_SetupFrustum(dest, xmin, xmax, ymax, zProj, stereoSep);
}

/*
===============
R_SetupProjectionZ

Sets the z-component transformation part in the projection matrix
===============
*/
void R_SetupProjectionZ(viewParms_t *dest)
{
	float zNear, zFar, depth;

	zNear	= r_znear->value;
	zFar	= dest->zFar;
	depth	= zFar - zNear;

	dest->projectionMatrix[2] = 0;
	dest->projectionMatrix[6] = 0;
	dest->projectionMatrix[10] = -( zFar + zNear ) / depth;
	dest->projectionMatrix[14] = -2 * zFar * zNear / depth;
}

/*
=================
R_MirrorPoint
=================
*/
void R_MirrorPoint (vec3_t in, orientation_t *surface, orientation_t *camera, vec3_t out) {
	int		i;
	vec3_t	local;
	vec3_t	transformed;
	float	d;

	VectorSubtract( in, surface->origin, local );

	VectorClear( transformed );
	for ( i = 0 ; i < 3 ; i++ ) {
		d = DotProduct(local, surface->axis[i]);
		VectorMA( transformed, d, camera->axis[i], transformed );
	}

	VectorAdd( transformed, camera->origin, out );
}

void R_MirrorVector (vec3_t in, orientation_t *surface, orientation_t *camera, vec3_t out) {
	int		i;
	float	d;

	VectorClear( out );
	for ( i = 0 ; i < 3 ; i++ ) {
		d = DotProduct(in, surface->axis[i]);
		VectorMA( out, d, camera->axis[i], out );
	}
}


/*
=============
R_PlaneForSurface
=============
*/
void R_PlaneForSurface (surfaceType_t *surfType, cplane_t *plane) {
	srfTriangles_t	*tri;
	srfPoly_t		*poly;
	drawVert_t		*v1, *v2, *v3;
	vec4_t			plane4;

	if (!surfType) {
		Com_Memset (plane, 0, sizeof(*plane));
		plane->normal[0] = 1;
		return;
	}
	switch (*surfType) {
	case SF_FACE:
		*plane = ((srfSurfaceFace_t *)surfType)->plane;
		return;
	case SF_TRIANGLES:
		tri = (srfTriangles_t *)surfType;
		v1 = tri->verts + tri->indexes[0];
		v2 = tri->verts + tri->indexes[1];
		v3 = tri->verts + tri->indexes[2];
		PlaneFromPoints( plane4, v1->xyz, v2->xyz, v3->xyz );
		VectorCopy( plane4, plane->normal );
		plane->dist = plane4[3];
		return;
	case SF_POLY:
		poly = (srfPoly_t *)surfType;
		PlaneFromPoints( plane4, poly->verts[0].xyz, poly->verts[1].xyz, poly->verts[2].xyz );
		VectorCopy( plane4, plane->normal );
		plane->dist = plane4[3];
		return;
	default:
		Com_Memset (plane, 0, sizeof(*plane));
		plane->normal[0] = 1;
		return;
	}
}

/*
=================
R_GetPortalOrientation

entityNum is the entity that the portal surface is a part of, which may
be moving and rotating.

Returns qtrue if it should be mirrored
=================
*/
qboolean R_GetPortalOrientations( drawSurf_t *drawSurf, int entityNum,
							 orientation_t *surface, orientation_t *camera,
							 vec3_t pvsOrigin, qboolean *mirror ) {
	int			i;
	cplane_t	originalPlane, plane;
	trRefEntity_t	*e;
	float		d;
	vec3_t		transformed;

	// create plane axis for the portal we are seeing
	R_PlaneForSurface( drawSurf->surface, &originalPlane );

	// rotate the plane if necessary
	if ( entityNum != ENTITYNUM_WORLD ) {
		tr.currentEntityNum = entityNum;
		tr.currentEntity = &tr.refdef.entities[entityNum];

		// get the orientation of the entity
		R_RotateForEntity( tr.currentEntity, &tr.viewParms, &tr.or );

		// rotate the plane, but keep the non-rotated version for matching
		// against the portalSurface entities
		R_LocalNormalToWorld( originalPlane.normal, plane.normal );
		plane.dist = originalPlane.dist + DotProduct( plane.normal, tr.or.origin );

		// translate the original plane
		originalPlane.dist = originalPlane.dist + DotProduct( originalPlane.normal, tr.or.origin );
	} else {
		plane = originalPlane;
	}

	VectorCopy( plane.normal, surface->axis[0] );
	PerpendicularVector( surface->axis[1], surface->axis[0] );
	CrossProduct( surface->axis[0], surface->axis[1], surface->axis[2] );

	// locate the portal entity closest to this plane.
	// origin will be the origin of the portal, origin2 will be
	// the origin of the camera
	for ( i = 0 ; i < tr.refdef.num_entities ; i++ ) {
		e = &tr.refdef.entities[i];
		if ( e->e.reType != RT_PORTALSURFACE ) {
			continue;
		}

		d = DotProduct( e->e.origin, originalPlane.normal ) - originalPlane.dist;
		if ( d > 64 || d < -64) {
			continue;
		}

		// get the pvsOrigin from the entity
		VectorCopy( e->e.oldorigin, pvsOrigin );

		// if the entity is just a mirror, don't use as a camera point
		if ( e->e.oldorigin[0] == e->e.origin[0] &&
			e->e.oldorigin[1] == e->e.origin[1] &&
			e->e.oldorigin[2] == e->e.origin[2] ) {
			VectorScale( plane.normal, plane.dist, surface->origin );
			VectorCopy( surface->origin, camera->origin );
			VectorSubtract( vec3_origin, surface->axis[0], camera->axis[0] );
			VectorCopy( surface->axis[1], camera->axis[1] );
			VectorCopy( surface->axis[2], camera->axis[2] );

			*mirror = qtrue;
			return qtrue;
		}

		// project the origin onto the surface plane to get
		// an origin point we can rotate around
		d = DotProduct( e->e.origin, plane.normal ) - plane.dist;
		VectorMA( e->e.origin, -d, surface->axis[0], surface->origin );

		// now get the camera origin and orientation
		VectorCopy( e->e.oldorigin, camera->origin );
		AxisCopy( e->e.axis, camera->axis );
		VectorSubtract( vec3_origin, camera->axis[0], camera->axis[0] );
		VectorSubtract( vec3_origin, camera->axis[1], camera->axis[1] );

		// optionally rotate
		if ( e->e.oldframe ) {
			// if a speed is specified
			if ( e->e.frame ) {
				// continuous rotate
				d = (tr.refdef.time/1000.0f) * e->e.frame;
				VectorCopy( camera->axis[1], transformed );
				RotatePointAroundVector( camera->axis[1], camera->axis[0], transformed, d );
				CrossProduct( camera->axis[0], camera->axis[1], camera->axis[2] );
			} else {
				// bobbing rotate, with skinNum being the rotation offset
				d = sin( tr.refdef.time * 0.003f );
				d = e->e.skinNum + d * 4;
				VectorCopy( camera->axis[1], transformed );
				RotatePointAroundVector( camera->axis[1], camera->axis[0], transformed, d );
				CrossProduct( camera->axis[0], camera->axis[1], camera->axis[2] );
			}
		}
		else if ( e->e.skinNum ) {
			d = e->e.skinNum;
			VectorCopy( camera->axis[1], transformed );
			RotatePointAroundVector( camera->axis[1], camera->axis[0], transformed, d );
			CrossProduct( camera->axis[0], camera->axis[1], camera->axis[2] );
		}
		*mirror = qfalse;
		return qtrue;
	}

	// if we didn't locate a portal entity, don't render anything.
	// We don't want to just treat it as a mirror, because without a
	// portal entity the server won't have communicated a proper entity set
	// in the snapshot

	// unfortunately, with local movement prediction it is easily possible
	// to see a surface before the server has communicated the matching
	// portal surface entity, so we don't want to print anything here...

	//ri.Printf( PRINT_ALL, "Portal surface without a portal entity\n" );

	return qfalse;
}

static qboolean IsMirror( const drawSurf_t *drawSurf, int entityNum )
{
	int			i;
	cplane_t	originalPlane, plane;
	trRefEntity_t	*e;
	float		d;

	// create plane axis for the portal we are seeing
	R_PlaneForSurface( drawSurf->surface, &originalPlane );

	// rotate the plane if necessary
	if ( entityNum != ENTITYNUM_WORLD )
	{
		tr.currentEntityNum = entityNum;
		tr.currentEntity = &tr.refdef.entities[entityNum];

		// get the orientation of the entity
		R_RotateForEntity( tr.currentEntity, &tr.viewParms, &tr.or );

		// rotate the plane, but keep the non-rotated version for matching
		// against the portalSurface entities
		R_LocalNormalToWorld( originalPlane.normal, plane.normal );
		plane.dist = originalPlane.dist + DotProduct( plane.normal, tr.or.origin );

		// translate the original plane
		originalPlane.dist = originalPlane.dist + DotProduct( originalPlane.normal, tr.or.origin );
	}
	else
	{
		plane = originalPlane;
	}

	// locate the portal entity closest to this plane.
	// origin will be the origin of the portal, origin2 will be
	// the origin of the camera
	for ( i = 0 ; i < tr.refdef.num_entities ; i++ )
	{
		e = &tr.refdef.entities[i];
		if ( e->e.reType != RT_PORTALSURFACE ) {
			continue;
		}

		d = DotProduct( e->e.origin, originalPlane.normal ) - originalPlane.dist;
		if ( d > 64 || d < -64) {
			continue;
		}

		// if the entity is just a mirror, don't use as a camera point
		if ( e->e.oldorigin[0] == e->e.origin[0] &&
			e->e.oldorigin[1] == e->e.origin[1] &&
			e->e.oldorigin[2] == e->e.origin[2] )
		{
			return qtrue;
		}

		return qfalse;
	}
	return qfalse;
}

/*
** SurfIsOffscreen
**
** Determines if a surface is completely offscreen.
*/
static qboolean SurfIsOffscreen( const drawSurf_t *drawSurf, vec4_t clipDest[128] ) {
	float shortest = 100000000;
	int entityNum;
	int numTriangles;
	shader_t *shader;
	int		fogNum;
	int dlighted;
	vec4_t clip, eye;
	int i;
	unsigned int pointOr = 0;
	unsigned int pointAnd = (unsigned int)~0;

	if ( glConfig.smpActive ) {		// FIXME!  we can't do RB_BeginSurface/RB_EndSurface stuff with smp!
		return qfalse;
	}

	R_RotateForViewer();

	R_DecomposeSort( drawSurf->sort, &entityNum, &shader, &fogNum, &dlighted );
	RB_BeginSurface( shader, fogNum );
	rb_surfaceTable[ *drawSurf->surface ]( drawSurf->surface );

	assert( tess.numVertexes < 128 );

	for ( i = 0; i < tess.numVertexes; i++ )
	{
		int j;
		unsigned int pointFlags = 0;

		R_TransformModelToClip( tess.xyz[i], tr.or.modelMatrix, tr.viewParms.projectionMatrix, eye, clip );

		for ( j = 0; j < 3; j++ )
		{
			if ( clip[j] >= clip[3] )
			{
				pointFlags |= (1 << (j*2));
			}
			else if ( clip[j] <= -clip[3] )
			{
				pointFlags |= ( 1 << (j*2+1));
			}
		}
		pointAnd &= pointFlags;
		pointOr |= pointFlags;
	}

	// trivially reject
	if ( pointAnd )
	{
		return qtrue;
	}

	// determine if this surface is backfaced and also determine the distance
	// to the nearest vertex so we can cull based on portal range.  Culling
	// based on vertex distance isn't 100% correct (we should be checking for
	// range to the surface), but it's good enough for the types of portals
	// we have in the game right now.
	numTriangles = tess.numIndexes / 3;

	for ( i = 0; i < tess.numIndexes; i += 3 )
	{
		vec3_t normal;
		float dot;
		float len;

		VectorSubtract( tess.xyz[tess.indexes[i]], tr.viewParms.or.origin, normal );

		len = VectorLengthSquared( normal );			// lose the sqrt
		if ( len < shortest )
		{
			shortest = len;
		}

		if ( ( dot = DotProduct( normal, tess.normal[tess.indexes[i]] ) ) >= 0 )
		{
			numTriangles--;
		}
	}
	if ( !numTriangles )
	{
		return qtrue;
	}

	// mirrors can early out at this point, since we don't do a fade over distance
	// with them (although we could)
	if ( IsMirror( drawSurf, entityNum ) )
	{
		return qfalse;
	}

	if ( shortest > (tess.shader->portalRange*tess.shader->portalRange) )
	{
		return qtrue;
	}

	return qfalse;
}

/*
========================
R_MirrorViewBySurface

Returns qtrue if another view has been rendered
========================
*/
qboolean R_MirrorViewBySurface (drawSurf_t *drawSurf, int entityNum) {
	vec4_t			clipDest[128];
	viewParms_t		newParms;
	viewParms_t		oldParms;
	orientation_t	surface, camera;

	// don't recursively mirror
	if (tr.viewParms.isPortal) {
		ri.Printf( PRINT_DEVELOPER, "WARNING: recursive mirror/portal found\n" );
		return qfalse;
	}

	if ( r_noportals->integer || (r_fastsky->integer == 1) ) {
		return qfalse;
	}

	// trivially reject portal/mirror
	if ( SurfIsOffscreen( drawSurf, clipDest ) ) {
		return qfalse;
	}

	// save old viewParms so we can return to it after the mirror view
	oldParms = tr.viewParms;

	newParms = tr.viewParms;
	newParms.isPortal = qtrue;
	if ( !R_GetPortalOrientations( drawSurf, entityNum, &surface, &camera,
		newParms.pvsOrigin, &newParms.isMirror ) ) {
		return qfalse;		// bad portal, no portalentity
	}

	R_MirrorPoint (oldParms.or.origin, &surface, &camera, newParms.or.origin );

	VectorSubtract( vec3_origin, camera.axis[0], newParms.portalPlane.normal );
	newParms.portalPlane.dist = DotProduct( camera.origin, newParms.portalPlane.normal );

	R_MirrorVector (oldParms.or.axis[0], &surface, &camera, newParms.or.axis[0]);
	R_MirrorVector (oldParms.or.axis[1], &surface, &camera, newParms.or.axis[1]);
	R_MirrorVector (oldParms.or.axis[2], &surface, &camera, newParms.or.axis[2]);

	// OPTIMIZE: restrict the viewport on the mirrored view

	// render the mirror view
	R_RenderView (&newParms);

	tr.viewParms = oldParms;

	return qtrue;
}

/*
=================
R_SpriteFogNum

See if a sprite is inside a fog volume
=================
*/
int R_SpriteFogNum( trRefEntity_t *ent ) {
	int				i, j;
	fog_t			*fog;

	if ( tr.refdef.rdflags & RDF_NOWORLDMODEL ) {
		return 0;
	}

	for ( i = 1 ; i < tr.world->numfogs ; i++ ) {
		fog = &tr.world->fogs[i];
		for ( j = 0 ; j < 3 ; j++ ) {
			if ( ent->e.origin[j] - ent->e.radius >= fog->bounds[1][j] ) {
				break;
			}
			if ( ent->e.origin[j] + ent->e.radius <= fog->bounds[0][j] ) {
				break;
			}
		}
		if ( j == 3 ) {
			return i;
		}
	}

	return 0;
}

/*
==========================================================================================

DRAWSURF SORTING

==========================================================================================
*/

/*
===============
R_Radix
===============
*/
static ID_INLINE void R_Radix( int byte, int size, drawSurf_t *source, drawSurf_t *dest )
{
  int           count[ 256 ] = { 0 };
  int           index[ 256 ];
  int           i;
  unsigned char *sortKey = NULL;
  unsigned char *end = NULL;

  sortKey = ( (unsigned char *)&source[ 0 ].sort ) + byte;
  end = sortKey + ( size * sizeof( drawSurf_t ) );
  for( ; sortKey < end; sortKey += sizeof( drawSurf_t ) )
    ++count[ *sortKey ];

  index[ 0 ] = 0;

  for( i = 1; i < 256; ++i )
    index[ i ] = index[ i - 1 ] + count[ i - 1 ];

  sortKey = ( (unsigned char *)&source[ 0 ].sort ) + byte;
  for( i = 0; i < size; ++i, sortKey += sizeof( drawSurf_t ) )
    dest[ index[ *sortKey ]++ ] = source[ i ];
}

/*
===============
R_RadixSort

Radix sort with 4 byte size buckets
===============
*/
static void R_RadixSort( drawSurf_t *source, int size )
{
  static drawSurf_t scratch[ MAX_DRAWSURFS ];
#ifdef Q3_LITTLE_ENDIAN
  R_Radix( 0, size, source, scratch );
  R_Radix( 1, size, scratch, source );
  R_Radix( 2, size, source, scratch );
  R_Radix( 3, size, scratch, source );
#else
  R_Radix( 3, size, source, scratch );
  R_Radix( 2, size, scratch, source );
  R_Radix( 1, size, source, scratch );
  R_Radix( 0, size, scratch, source );
#endif //Q3_LITTLE_ENDIAN
}

//==========================================================================================

/*
=================
R_AddDrawSurf
=================
*/
void R_AddDrawSurf( surfaceType_t *surface, shader_t *shader,
				   int fogIndex, int dlightMap ) {
	int			index;

	// instead of checking for overflow, we just mask the index
	// so it wraps around
	index = tr.refdef.numDrawSurfs & DRAWSURF_MASK;
	// the sort data is packed into a single 32 bit value so it can be
	// compared quickly during the qsorting process
	tr.refdef.drawSurfs[index].sort = (shader->sortedIndex << QSORT_SHADERNUM_SHIFT)
		| tr.shiftedEntityNum | ( fogIndex << QSORT_FOGNUM_SHIFT ) | (int)dlightMap;
	tr.refdef.drawSurfs[index].surface = surface;
	tr.refdef.numDrawSurfs++;
}

/*
=================
R_DecomposeSort
=================
*/
void R_DecomposeSort( unsigned sort, int *entityNum, shader_t **shader,
					 int *fogNum, int *dlightMap ) {
	*fogNum = ( sort >> QSORT_FOGNUM_SHIFT ) & 31;
	*shader = tr.sortedShaders[ ( sort >> QSORT_SHADERNUM_SHIFT ) & (MAX_SHADERS-1) ];
	*entityNum = ( sort >> QSORT_ENTITYNUM_SHIFT ) & 1023;
	*dlightMap = sort & 3;
}

/*
=================
R_SortDrawSurfs
=================
*/
void R_SortDrawSurfs( drawSurf_t *drawSurfs, int numDrawSurfs ) {
	shader_t		*shader;
	int				fogNum;
	int				entityNum;
	int				dlighted;
	int				i;

	// it is possible for some views to not have any surfaces
	if ( numDrawSurfs < 1 ) {
		// we still need to add it for hyperspace cases
		R_AddDrawSurfCmd( drawSurfs, numDrawSurfs );
		return;
	}

	// if we overflowed MAX_DRAWSURFS, the drawsurfs
	// wrapped around in the buffer and we will be missing
	// the first surfaces, not the last ones
	if ( numDrawSurfs > MAX_DRAWSURFS ) {
		numDrawSurfs = MAX_DRAWSURFS;
	}

	// sort the drawsurfs by sort type, then orientation, then shader
	R_RadixSort( drawSurfs, numDrawSurfs );

	// check for any pass through drawing, which
	// may cause another view to be rendered first
	for ( i = 0 ; i < numDrawSurfs ; i++ ) {
		R_DecomposeSort( (drawSurfs+i)->sort, &entityNum, &shader, &fogNum, &dlighted );

		if ( shader->sort > SS_PORTAL ) {
			break;
		}

		// no shader should ever have this sort type
		if ( shader->sort == SS_BAD ) {
			ri.Error (ERR_DROP, "Shader '%s'with sort == SS_BAD", shader->name );
		}

		// if the mirror was completely clipped away, we may need to check another surface
		if ( R_MirrorViewBySurface( (drawSurfs+i), entityNum) ) {
			// this is a debug option to see exactly what is being mirrored
			if ( r_portalOnly->integer ) {
				return;
			}
			break;		// only one mirror view at a time
		}
	}

	R_AddDrawSurfCmd( drawSurfs, numDrawSurfs );
}

/*
=============
R_AddEntitySurfaces
=============
*/
void R_AddEntitySurfaces (void) {
	trRefEntity_t	*ent;
	shader_t		*shader;

	if ( !r_drawentities->integer ) {
		return;
	}

	for ( tr.currentEntityNum = 0;
	      tr.currentEntityNum < tr.refdef.num_entities;
		  tr.currentEntityNum++ ) {
		ent = tr.currentEntity = &tr.refdef.entities[tr.currentEntityNum];

		ent->needDlights = qfalse;

		// preshift the value we are going to OR into the drawsurf sort
		tr.shiftedEntityNum = tr.currentEntityNum << QSORT_ENTITYNUM_SHIFT;

		//
		// the weapon model must be handled special --
		// we don't want the hacked weapon position showing in
		// mirrors, because the true body position will already be drawn
		//
		if ( (ent->e.renderfx & RF_FIRST_PERSON) && tr.viewParms.isPortal) {
			continue;
		}

		// simple generated models, like sprites and beams, are not culled
		switch ( ent->e.reType ) {
		case RT_PORTALSURFACE:
			break;		// don't draw anything
		case RT_SPRITE:
		case RT_BEAM:
		case RT_LIGHTNING:
		case RT_RAIL_CORE:
		case RT_RAIL_RINGS:
			// self blood sprites, talk balloons, etc should not be drawn in the primary
			// view.  We can't just do this check for all entities, because md3
			// entities may still want to cast shadows from them
			if ( (ent->e.renderfx & RF_THIRD_PERSON) && !tr.viewParms.isPortal) {
				continue;
			}
			shader = R_GetShaderByHandle( ent->e.customShader );
			R_AddDrawSurf( &entitySurface, shader, R_SpriteFogNum( ent ), 0 );
			break;

		case RT_MODEL:
			// we must set up parts of tr.or for model culling
			R_RotateForEntity( ent, &tr.viewParms, &tr.or );

			tr.currentModel = R_GetModelByHandle( ent->e.hModel );
			if (!tr.currentModel) {
				R_AddDrawSurf( &entitySurface, tr.defaultShader, 0, 0 );
			} else {
				switch ( tr.currentModel->type ) {
				case MOD_MESH:
					R_AddMD3Surfaces( ent );
					break;
				case MOD_MD4:
					R_AddAnimSurfaces( ent );
					break;
#ifdef RAVENMD4
				case MOD_MDR:
					R_MDRAddAnimSurfaces( ent );
					break;
#endif
				case MOD_BRUSH:
					R_AddBrushModelSurfaces( ent );
					break;
				case MOD_BAD:		// null model axis
					if ( (ent->e.renderfx & RF_THIRD_PERSON) && !tr.viewParms.isPortal) {
						break;
					}
					shader = R_GetShaderByHandle( ent->e.customShader );
					R_AddDrawSurf( &entitySurface, tr.defaultShader, 0, 0 );
					break;
				default:
					ri.Error( ERR_DROP, "R_AddEntitySurfaces: Bad modeltype" );
					break;
				}
			}
			break;
		default:
			ri.Error( ERR_DROP, "R_AddEntitySurfaces: Bad reType" );
		}
	}

}


/*
====================
R_GenerateDrawSurfs
====================
*/
void R_GenerateDrawSurfs( void ) {
	R_AddWorldSurfaces ();

	R_AddPolygonSurfaces();

	// set the projection matrix with the minimum zfar
	// now that we have the world bounded
	// this needs to be done before entities are
	// added, because they use the projection
	// matrix for lod calculation

	// dynamically compute far clip plane distance
	R_SetFarClip();

	// we know the size of the clipping volume. Now set the rest of the projection matrix.
	R_SetupProjectionZ (&tr.viewParms);

	R_AddEntitySurfaces ();
}

/*
================
R_DebugPolygon
================
*/
void R_DebugPolygon( int color, int numPoints, float *points ) {
	int		i;

	GL_State( GLS_DEPTHMASK_TRUE | GLS_SRCBLEND_ONE | GLS_DSTBLEND_ONE );

	// draw solid shade

	qglColor3f( color&1, (color>>1)&1, (color>>2)&1 );
	qglBegin( GL_POLYGON );
	for ( i = 0 ; i < numPoints ; i++ ) {
		qglVertex3fv( points + i * 3 );
	}
	qglEnd();

	// draw wireframe outline
	GL_State( GLS_POLYMODE_LINE | GLS_DEPTHMASK_TRUE | GLS_SRCBLEND_ONE | GLS_DSTBLEND_ONE );
	qglDepthRange( 0, 0 );
	qglColor3f( 1, 1, 1 );
	qglBegin( GL_POLYGON );
	for ( i = 0 ; i < numPoints ; i++ ) {
		qglVertex3fv( points + i * 3 );
	}
	qglEnd();
	qglDepthRange( 0, 1 );
}

/*
====================
R_DebugGraphics

Visualization aid for movement clipping debugging
====================
*/
void R_DebugGraphics( void ) {
	if ( !r_debugSurface->integer ) {
		return;
	}

	// the render thread can't make callbacks to the main thread
	R_SyncRenderThread();

	GL_Bind( tr.whiteImage);
	GL_Cull( CT_FRONT_SIDED );
	ri.CM_DrawDebugSurface( R_DebugPolygon );
}


/*
================
R_RenderView

A view may be either the actual camera view,
or a mirror / remote location
================
*/
void R_RenderView (viewParms_t *parms) {
	int		firstDrawSurf;

	if ( parms->viewportWidth <= 0 || parms->viewportHeight <= 0 ) {
		return;
	}

	tr.viewCount++;

	tr.viewParms = *parms;
	tr.viewParms.frameSceneNum = tr.frameSceneNum;
	tr.viewParms.frameCount = tr.frameCount;

	firstDrawSurf = tr.refdef.numDrawSurfs;

	tr.viewCount++;

	// set viewParms.world
	R_RotateForViewer ();

	R_SetupProjection(&tr.viewParms, r_zproj->value, qtrue);

	R_GenerateDrawSurfs();

	R_SortDrawSurfs( tr.refdef.drawSurfs + firstDrawSurf, tr.refdef.numDrawSurfs - firstDrawSurf );

	// draw main system development information (surface outlines, etc)
	R_DebugGraphics();
}