src/bmp.imageio/bmpinput.cpp

// Copyright 2008-present Contributors to the OpenImageIO project.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
// https://github.com/OpenImageIO/oiio/blob/master/LICENSE.md

#include <cstdio>

#include <OpenImageIO/filesystem.h>
#include <OpenImageIO/imageio.h>

#include "bmp_pvt.h"

OIIO_PLUGIN_NAMESPACE_BEGIN

using namespace bmp_pvt;


class BmpInput final : public ImageInput {
public:
    BmpInput() { init(); }
    virtual ~BmpInput() { close(); }
    virtual const char* format_name(void) const override { return "bmp"; }
    virtual bool valid_file(const std::string& filename) const override;
    virtual bool open(const std::string& name, ImageSpec& newspec) override;
    virtual bool open(const std::string& name, ImageSpec& newspec,
                      const ImageSpec& config) override;
    virtual bool close(void) override;
    virtual bool read_native_scanline(int subimage, int miplevel, int y, int z,
                                      void* data) override;

private:
    int64_t m_padded_scanline_size;
    int m_pad_size;
    FILE* m_fd;
    bmp_pvt::BmpFileHeader m_bmp_header;
    bmp_pvt::DibInformationHeader m_dib_header;
    std::string m_filename;
    std::vector<bmp_pvt::color_table> m_colortable;
    std::vector<unsigned char> fscanline;       // temp space: read from file
    std::vector<unsigned char> m_uncompressed;  // uncompressed palette image
    bool m_allgray;

    void init(void)
    {
        m_padded_scanline_size = 0;
        m_pad_size             = 0;
        m_fd                   = NULL;
        m_filename.clear();
        m_colortable.clear();
        m_allgray = false;
        fscanline.shrink_to_fit();
        m_uncompressed.shrink_to_fit();
    }

    bool read_color_table();
    bool color_table_is_all_gray();
    bool read_rle_image();
};


// Obligatory material to make this a recognizeable imageio plugin
OIIO_PLUGIN_EXPORTS_BEGIN

OIIO_EXPORT int bmp_imageio_version = OIIO_PLUGIN_VERSION;

OIIO_EXPORT const char*
bmp_imageio_library_version()
{
    return nullptr;
}

OIIO_EXPORT ImageInput*
bmp_input_imageio_create()
{
    return new BmpInput;
}

OIIO_EXPORT const char* bmp_input_extensions[] = { "bmp", "dib", nullptr };

OIIO_PLUGIN_EXPORTS_END


bool
BmpInput::valid_file(const std::string& filename) const
{
    FILE* fd = Filesystem::fopen(filename, "rb");
    if (!fd)
        return false;
    bmp_pvt::BmpFileHeader bmp_header;
    bool ok = bmp_header.read_header(fd) && bmp_header.isBmp();
    fclose(fd);
    return ok;
}


bool
BmpInput::open(const std::string& name, ImageSpec& newspec)
{
    ImageSpec emptyconfig;
    return open(name, newspec, emptyconfig);
}


bool
BmpInput::open(const std::string& name, ImageSpec& newspec,
               const ImageSpec& config)
{
    // saving 'name' for later use
    m_filename = name;

    // BMP cannot be 1-channel, but config hint "bmp:monochrome_detect" is a
    // hint to try to detect when all palette entries are gray and pretend
    // that it's a 1-channel image to allow the calling app to save memory
    // and time. It does this by default, but setting the hint to 0 turns
    // this behavior off.
    bool monodetect = config["bmp:monochrome_detect"].get<int>(1);

    m_fd = Filesystem::fopen(m_filename, "rb");
    if (!m_fd) {
        errorf("Could not open file \"%s\"", name);
        return false;
    }

    // we read header of the file that we think is BMP file
    if (!m_bmp_header.read_header(m_fd)) {
        errorf("\"%s\": wrong bmp header size", m_filename);
        close();
        return false;
    }
    if (!m_bmp_header.isBmp()) {
        errorf("\"%s\" is not a BMP file, magic number doesn't match",
               m_filename);
        close();
        return false;
    }
    if (!m_dib_header.read_header(m_fd)) {
        errorf("\"%s\": wrong bitmap header size", m_filename);
        close();
        return false;
    }

    const int nchannels = (m_dib_header.bpp == 32) ? 4 : 3;
    const int height    = (m_dib_header.height >= 0) ? m_dib_header.height
                                                     : -m_dib_header.height;
    m_spec = ImageSpec(m_dib_header.width, height, nchannels, TypeDesc::UINT8);
    if (m_dib_header.hres > 0 && m_dib_header.vres > 0) {
        m_spec.attribute("XResolution", (int)m_dib_header.hres);
        m_spec.attribute("YResolution", (int)m_dib_header.vres);
        m_spec.attribute("ResolutionUnit", "m");
    }

    // computing size of one scanline - this is the size of one scanline that
    // is stored in the file, not in the memory
    int swidth = 0;
    switch (m_dib_header.bpp) {
    case 32:
    case 24:
        m_padded_scanline_size = ((m_spec.width * m_spec.nchannels) + 3) & ~3;
        break;
    case 16:
        m_padded_scanline_size = ((m_spec.width << 1) + 3) & ~3;
        m_spec.attribute("oiio:BitsPerSample", 4);
        break;
    case 8:
        m_padded_scanline_size = (m_spec.width + 3) & ~3;
        if (!read_color_table())
            return false;
        m_allgray = monodetect && color_table_is_all_gray();
        if (m_allgray) {
            m_spec.nchannels = 1;  // make it look like a 1-channel image
            m_spec.default_channel_names();
        }
        break;
    case 4:
        swidth                 = (m_spec.width + 1) / 2;
        m_padded_scanline_size = (swidth + 3) & ~3;
        if (!read_color_table())
            return false;
        break;
    case 1:
        swidth                 = (m_spec.width + 7) / 8;
        m_padded_scanline_size = (swidth + 3) & ~3;
        if (!read_color_table())
            return false;
        break;
    }
    if (m_dib_header.bpp <= 16)
        m_spec.attribute("bmp:bitsperpixel", m_dib_header.bpp);
    switch (m_dib_header.size) {
    case OS2_V1: m_spec.attribute("bmp:version", 1); break;
    case WINDOWS_V3: m_spec.attribute("bmp:version", 3); break;
    case WINDOWS_V4: m_spec.attribute("bmp:version", 4); break;
    case WINDOWS_V5: m_spec.attribute("bmp:version", 5); break;
    }

    // Bite the bullet and uncompress now, for simplicity
    if (m_dib_header.compression == RLE4_COMPRESSION
        || m_dib_header.compression == RLE8_COMPRESSION) {
        if (!read_rle_image()) {
            errorfmt("BMP error reading rle-compressed image");
            close();
            return false;
        }
    }

    if (m_spec.width < 1 || m_spec.height < 1 || m_spec.nchannels < 1
        || m_spec.image_bytes() < 1) {
        errorfmt("Invalid image size {} x {} ({} chans, {})", m_spec.width,
                 m_spec.height, m_spec.nchannels, m_spec.format);
        return false;
    }

    newspec = m_spec;
    return true;
}


bool
BmpInput::read_rle_image()
{
    int rletype = m_dib_header.compression == RLE4_COMPRESSION ? 4 : 8;
    m_spec.attribute("bmp:compression", rletype == 4 ? "rle4" : "rle8");
    m_uncompressed.clear();
    m_uncompressed.resize(m_spec.height * m_spec.width);
    // Note: the clear+resize zeroes out the buffer
    bool err = false;
    int y = 0, x = 0;
    while (!err && !feof(m_fd)) {
        unsigned char rle_pair[2];
        if (fread(rle_pair, 1, 2, m_fd) != 2) {
            err = true;
            break;
        }
        int npixels = rle_pair[0];
        int value   = rle_pair[1];
        if (npixels == 0 && value == 0) {
            // [0,0] is end of line marker
            x = 0;
            ++y;
        } else if (npixels == 0 && value == 1) {
            // [0,1] is end of bitmap marker
            break;
        } else if (npixels == 0 && value == 2) {
            // [0,2] is a "delta" -- two more bytes reposition the
            // current pixel position that we're reading.
            unsigned char offset[2];
            err |= (fread(offset, 1, 2, m_fd) != 2);
            x += offset[0];
            y += offset[1];
        } else if (npixels == 0) {
            // [0,n>2] is an "absolute" run of pixel data.
            // n is the number of pixel indices that follow, but note
            // that it pads to word size.
            int npixels = value;
            int nbytes  = (rletype == 4)
                              ? round_to_multiple((npixels + 1) / 2, 2)
                              : round_to_multiple(npixels, 2);
            unsigned char absolute[256];
            err |= (fread(absolute, 1, nbytes, m_fd) != size_t(nbytes));
            for (int i = 0; i < npixels; ++i, ++x) {
                if (rletype == 4)
                    value = (i & 1) ? (absolute[i / 2] & 0x0f)
                                    : (absolute[i / 2] >> 4);
                else
                    value = absolute[i];
                if (x < m_spec.width)
                    m_uncompressed[y * m_spec.width + x] = value;
            }
        } else {
            // [n>0,p] is a run of n pixels.
            for (int i = 0; i < npixels; ++i, ++x) {
                int v;
                if (rletype == 4)
                    v = (i & 1) ? (value & 0x0f) : (value >> 4);
                else
                    v = value;
                if (x < m_spec.width)
                    m_uncompressed[y * m_spec.width + x] = v;
            }
        }
    }
    return !err;
}


bool
BmpInput::read_native_scanline(int subimage, int miplevel, int y, int /*z*/,
                               void* data)
{
    lock_guard lock(m_mutex);
    if (!seek_subimage(subimage, miplevel))
        return false;

    if (y < 0 || y > m_spec.height)
        return false;

    size_t scanline_bytes = m_spec.scanline_bytes();
    uint8_t* mscanline    = (uint8_t*)data;
    if (m_dib_header.compression == RLE4_COMPRESSION
        || m_dib_header.compression == RLE8_COMPRESSION) {
        for (int x = 0; x < m_spec.width; ++x) {
            int p = m_uncompressed[(m_spec.height - 1 - y) * m_spec.width + x];
            mscanline[3 * x]     = m_colortable[p].r;
            mscanline[3 * x + 1] = m_colortable[p].g;
            mscanline[3 * x + 2] = m_colortable[p].b;
        }
        return true;
    }

    // if the height is positive scanlines are stored bottom-up
    if (m_dib_header.height >= 0)
        y = m_spec.height - y - 1;
    const int64_t scanline_off = y * m_padded_scanline_size;

    fscanline.resize(m_padded_scanline_size);
    Filesystem::fseek(m_fd, m_bmp_header.offset + scanline_off, SEEK_SET);
    size_t n = fread(fscanline.data(), 1, m_padded_scanline_size, m_fd);
    if (n != (size_t)m_padded_scanline_size) {
        if (feof(m_fd))
            errorf("Hit end of file unexpectedly");
        else
            errorf("read error");
        return false;  // Read failed
    }

    // in each case we process only first m_spec.scanline_bytes () bytes
    // as only they contain information about pixels. The rest are just
    // because scanline size have to be 32-bit boundary
    if (m_dib_header.bpp == 24 || m_dib_header.bpp == 32) {
        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < m_spec.scanline_bytes();
             i += m_spec.nchannels)
            std::swap(fscanline[i], fscanline[i + 2]);
        memcpy(data, fscanline.data(), m_spec.scanline_bytes());
        return true;
    }

    if (m_dib_header.bpp == 16) {
        const uint16_t RED   = 0x7C00;
        const uint16_t GREEN = 0x03E0;
        const uint16_t BLUE  = 0x001F;
        for (unsigned int i = 0, j = 0; j < scanline_bytes; i += 2, j += 3) {
            uint16_t pixel   = (uint16_t) * (&fscanline[i]);
            mscanline[j]     = (uint8_t)((pixel & RED) >> 8);
            mscanline[j + 1] = (uint8_t)((pixel & GREEN) >> 4);
            mscanline[j + 2] = (uint8_t)(pixel & BLUE);
        }
    }
    if (m_dib_header.bpp == 8) {
        if (m_allgray) {
            // Keep it as 1-channel image because all colors are gray
            for (unsigned int i = 0; i < scanline_bytes; ++i) {
                mscanline[i] = m_colortable[fscanline[i]].r;
            }
        } else {
            // Expand palette image into 3-channel RGB (existing code)
            for (unsigned int i = 0, j = 0; j < scanline_bytes; ++i, j += 3) {
                mscanline[j]     = m_colortable[fscanline[i]].r;
                mscanline[j + 1] = m_colortable[fscanline[i]].g;
                mscanline[j + 2] = m_colortable[fscanline[i]].b;
            }
        }
    }
    if (m_dib_header.bpp == 4) {
        for (unsigned int i = 0, j = 0; j < scanline_bytes; ++i, j += 6) {
            uint8_t mask     = 0xF0;
            mscanline[j]     = m_colortable[(fscanline[i] & mask) >> 4].r;
            mscanline[j + 1] = m_colortable[(fscanline[i] & mask) >> 4].g;
            mscanline[j + 2] = m_colortable[(fscanline[i] & mask) >> 4].b;
            if (j + 3 >= scanline_bytes)
                break;
            mask             = 0x0F;
            mscanline[j + 3] = m_colortable[fscanline[i] & mask].r;
            mscanline[j + 4] = m_colortable[fscanline[i] & mask].g;
            mscanline[j + 5] = m_colortable[fscanline[i] & mask].b;
        }
    }
    if (m_dib_header.bpp == 1) {
        for (int64_t i = 0, k = 0; i < m_padded_scanline_size; ++i) {
            for (int j = 7; j >= 0; --j, k += 3) {
                if (size_t(k + 2) >= scanline_bytes)
                    break;
                int index = 0;
                if (fscanline[i] & (1 << j))
                    index = 1;
                mscanline[k]     = m_colortable[index].r;
                mscanline[k + 1] = m_colortable[index].g;
                mscanline[k + 2] = m_colortable[index].b;
            }
        }
    }
    return true;
}


bool inline BmpInput::close(void)
{
    if (m_fd) {
        fclose(m_fd);
        m_fd = NULL;
    }
    init();
    return true;
}


bool
BmpInput::read_color_table(void)
{
    // size of color table is defined  by m_dib_header.cpalete
    // if this field is 0 - color table has max colors:
    // pow(2, m_dib_header.cpalete) otherwise color table have
    // m_dib_header.cpalete entries
    if (m_dib_header.cpalete < 0
        || m_dib_header.cpalete > (1 << m_dib_header.bpp)) {
        errorf("Possible corrupted header, invalid palette size");
        return false;
    }
    const int32_t colors = (m_dib_header.cpalete) ? m_dib_header.cpalete
                                                  : 1 << m_dib_header.bpp;
    size_t entry_size    = 4;
    // if the file is OS V2 bitmap color table entry has only 3 bytes, not four
    if (m_dib_header.size == OS2_V1)
        entry_size = 3;
    m_colortable.resize(colors);
    for (int i = 0; i < colors; i++) {
        size_t n = fread(&m_colortable[i], 1, entry_size, m_fd);
        if (n != entry_size) {
            if (feof(m_fd))
                errorfmt(
                    "Hit end of file unexpectedly while reading color table on color {}/{} (read {}, expected {})",
                    i, colors, n, entry_size);
            else
                errorf("read error while reading color table");
            return false;  // Read failed
        }
    }
    return true;  // ok
}

bool
BmpInput::color_table_is_all_gray(void)
{
    size_t ncolors = m_colortable.size();
    for (size_t i = 0; i < ncolors; i++) {
        color_table& color = m_colortable[i];
        if (color.b != color.g || color.g != color.r)
            return false;
    }
    return true;
}

OIIO_PLUGIN_NAMESPACE_END