XLI - X11 Image Loading Utility

WHAT IS IT?

xli is an image display program for X, created by Graeme Gill from Jim
Frost's xloadimage, and currently maintained by smar@reptiles.org.

xli will view several types of images under X11, or load images onto
the X11 root window. The current version (1.17) supports:

	CMU Window Manager raster files
	Faces Project images
	Fuzzy Bitmap (.fbm) images
	GEM bit images
	GIF images (Including GIF89a compatibility)
	G3 FAX images
	JFIF style JPEG images
	McIDAS areafiles
	MacPaint images
	Windows, OS/2 BMP Image
	Monochrome PC Paintbrush (.pcx) images
	Photograph on CD Image
	Portable Bitmap (.pbm, .pgm, .ppm) images
	Portable Network Graphics (PNG) images
	Sun monochrome rasterfiles
	Sun color RGB rasterfiles
	Targa (.tga) files
	Utah Raster Toolkit (.rle) files
	X pixmap (.xpm) files (Version 1, 2C and 3)
	X10 bitmap files
	X11 bitmap files
	X Window Dump (except TrueColor and DirectColor)

A variety of options are available to modify images prior to viewing.
These options include clipping, dithering, depth reduction, zoom (either X
or Y axis independently or both at once), brightening or darkening, input
gamma correction, and image merging.  When applicable, these options are
done automatically (eg. a color image to be displayed on a monochrome
screen will be dithered automatically). A utility (xlito) is provided
that allows these viewing options to be appended to the image files.

CHANGES FROM XLI 1.16

    Converted source code to ANSI C prototypes.

    Removed MSDOS support (Sorry!  Anyone want to add Win32 support?)

    Added PNG file format loader.

    Added support for MIT shared memory extension.

    Rewrote JPEG file format loader to use the IJG library, to take
    advantage of performance improvements and support progressive
    scan JPEGs.

    Added the -delete, -iscale, -focus, and -cache options.

    Added interactive image fast scaling with the '<', '>' and '=' keys.

    Added TODO file.  Feel free to do anything on the list, or offer
    your own fixes and enhancements.

HOW IS XLI RELATED TO XLOADIMAGE ?

    xloadimage is maintained by Jim Frost - jimf@saber.com

    xli version 1.00 was based on xloadimage version 3.01.

    xli was maintained by Graeme Gill - graeme@labtam.oz.au, up to
    version 1.16.

    xli is currently maintained by smar@reptiles.org

    Please read README.xloadimage, which is the original xloadimage
    README file for xloadimage info and credits.

WHERE CAN I GET IT ?

	http://pantransit.reptiles.org/prog/#xli

COMPILING

    There are a variety of ways to compile xli, depending on what
    environment you have.

    The easiest way of compiling it is to use the Imakefile. Simply
    run 'xmkmf' (which should be in your systems /usr/bin/X11 or
    somewhere equivalent), which should make a Makefile suitable
    for your system. Type 'make' to then build xli. It can be
    installed in the standard place (along with its aliases xview
    and xsetbg) by typing 'make install'. The manual entry can
    be installed using 'make install.man'.

    The JPEG reader assumes that you have the IJG JPEG library somewhere.
    You can get it from ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/.

    The PNG reader assumes you have the PNG group's library and zlib.
    They're at http://www.cdrom.com/pub/png/pngcode.html, along with a
    lot of other PNG stuff.  You'll need libpng-1.0.5 or later.

    If using the Imakefile is not possible, then you can try using
    Makefile.std. Choose your target from

	std			BSD environment
	sysv			SYSV environment
	gcc			BSD using gcc
	sysv-gcc		SYSV using older gcc

    and use something like:

	make -f Makefile.std target

    There are a few compilation flags that you may need/want to change.
    This can be done in the Makefile.std file. The defines are:

	-DHAVE_GUNZIP if you want to use gunzip rather than uncompress
	on .Z files

	-DNO_UNCOMPRESS if you system doesn't have uncompress or gunzip.

SUGGESTIONS AND BUG REPORTS

    xli has been developed in a fairly limited hardware environment, and
    not all combinations of displays and/or image formats and options have
    been tested. xli is useful to me, and maybe it will be useful to you.

    Suggestions and bug reports should go to:

    smar@reptiles.org

/* #ident	"@(#)x11:contrib/clients/xloadimage/README.orig 1.1 91/12/18 Labtam" */

XLOADIMAGE - X11 Image Loading Utility

WHAT IS IT?

This utility will view several types of images under X11, or load
images onto the root window.  The current version supports:

	CMU Window Manager raster files
	Faces Project images
	Fuzzy Bitmap (FBM) images
	GEM bit images
	GIF images
	G3 FAX images
	McIDAS areafiles
	MacPaint images
	PC Paintbrush (PCX) images
	Portable Bitmap (PBM, PGM, PPM) images
	Sun monochrome rasterfiles
	Sun color RGB rasterfiles
	Utah Raster Toolkit (RLE) files
	X pixmap files
	X10 bitmap files
	X11 bitmap files
	X Window Dump (except TrueColor and DirectColor)

A variety of options are available to modify images prior to viewing.
These options include clipping, dithering, depth reduction, zoom
(either X or Y axis independently or both at once), brightening or
darkening, and image merging.  When applicable, these options are done
automatically (eg a color image to be displayed on a monochrome screen
will be dithered automatically).

COMPILING

There are a variety of ways to compile xloadimage, depending on what
environment you have.  The building techniques have changed somewhat
from versions earlier than 2.0.

If you use gcc you should read this whole section before compiling.

If you are compiling under the X11R4 distribution, the apropriate
Imakefile is included.  I recommend using the standard Makefile as it
contains a number of different build targets depending on your
environment.

If you're compiling on a BSD system or a system that's mostly BSDish,
use "make std" or just "make".

If you're compiling on a System-V system, use "make sysv".  If you
have gcc you may want to use that (read on for caveats) and should use
"make sysv-gcc" or "make sysv-gcc-1-37" as appropriate.

If you have gcc on your system, and it's not gcc 1.37, compile via
"make gcc".  Gcc should be used if it works because the
strength-reduction and inline-functions directives dramatically
improve performance of some operations.  Please note that use of gcc
on some systems, particularly Sun-4, may cause problems.

If you have gcc 1.37 on your system, compile via "make gcc-1-37".  Gcc
1.37 has an optimizer bug which causes (at least) GIF image loading to
fail.  This make target adds some extra compilation flags which should
correct this problem.

If you run into problems with code compiled with gcc, I suggest trying
the same thing using the standard or System-V target (whichever is
appropriate) before reporting a bug.  Bug fixes are always
appreciated.  PLEASE INCLUDE THE VERSION NUMBER REPORTED BY xloadimage
-version IN ANY BUG REPORT.

WORKAROUNDS FOR BROKEN SERVERS

Some servers which use odd-depth displays (eg not 1 or a multiple of 8
bits) do not correctly handle a plane mask with GXcopy.  If your
server displays color images in only two colors although it supports
more colors, add a -DSERVER_HAS_BROKEN_PLANEMASK to CFLAGS in the
Makefile.  Some Visual X-19 Turbo displays have this problem; you
should request an updated ROM if you have one of these.  Xloadimage
version 3.0 and later should not exhibit this problem.

Xloadimage version 3.0 and later supports all visual types and will
attempt to pick the best visual for a given image.  Sometimes it may
pick a bad visual or you pick one that the server says it knows how to
do but really can't handle.  In either case the -visual option can be
used to force a particular visual.

INSTALLATION

After compiling and installing xloadimage, I recommend linking or
symlinking to the executable with the names "xview" and "xsetbg".  The
default behavior is slightly different when invoked with these
commands (they're also easier to type).  If you have a public image
area you should consider setting the SYSPATHFILE option in the
makefile and setting up a system-wide configuration file.  See the man
page for information on the format of this file.

IMPLEMENTATION

Most functions are not particularly fast, and some functions use
simple-minded algorithms deliberately over more advanced ones.  I
stressed portability over all and simplicity over performance,
although many algorithms have become fairly complex over time.  I
believe the result is a usable, portable tool which should serve the
needs of most users.

The source code is basically in two parts: image manipulation routines
and everything else.  The image manipulation routines should be
completely independent of X, thus allowing people to use them under
other graphical systems.  No guarantees here, but I tried.

Performance-oriented people will notice that some operations are
redundant.  Xloadimage is designed to work fairly quickly for most
operations but in some cases I opted for a cleaner internal design
rather than pure performance.

OWNERSHIP

I used a modified version of the MIT X Consortium copyright with all
of these functions, thereby allowing full freedom with the code so
long as the copyright notices remain intact.  Free code can be good
code.  All contributions have similar notices.

Commercial sites are welcome to use the code even without asking me,
although I'm very happy to hear of this stuff going toward real
products so I appreciate it if anyone who uses some or all of the code
drops me a line.  If you tell me you're using it I'm much more likely
to keep you informed about new versions as well, so it works out well
all around.

PRAISE, SUGGESTIONS AND BUG REPORTS

Praise, suggestions, and bug reports should go to:

	Jim Frost
	Saber Software
	185 Alewife Brook Parkway
	Cambridge, MA  02138
	(617) 924-1985
	jimf@saber.com
	..!uunet!saber!jimf

Please include the version number and sample image data if you are
reporting a bug.

Functions implementing new image types are welcomed; mail them to the
same address and I'll do my best to distribute them.  Please include a
small sample image.  Try to send them as public domain so I can keep
the number of differing copyright messages to a minimum -- I'll use my
standard message and leave the implementor's name and information in
the file for credit.  I wouldn't copyright this stuff at all except
that it's a requirement for X11 distribution.

If you particularly like xloadimage, feel free to drop me a line.  It
makes me feel good and I get a feel for who does what with it, which
sometimes influences what parts are worked on.

THANKS

Special thanks to the crew at the Boston University Graphics Lab for
their assistance and sample images, and to bzs@std.com for his simple
dithering algorithm (or what's left of it).  Real special thanks to
Kirk L. Johnson (tuna@athena.mit.edu) for a very nice GIF loader and
dithering routine, to Mark Snitily (zok!mark@apple.com) for 386/ix
compatibility work, to Andreas Stolcke (stolcke@icsib12.berkeley.edu)
for miscellaneous bug fixes, to Anthony A. Datri (datri@convex.com)
for a number of things, to Mark Moraes (moraes@cs.toronto.edu) for
the slideshow colormap fix, to Gregg Townsend (gmt@cs.arizona.edu) for
a suggested dithering routine and other fixes, to Brian Frost
(B1F5814@RIGEL.TAMU.EDU) for changes for VMS, to Chip Horstman for G3
FAX support, to Deron Dann Johnson (dj@eng.sun.com) for fixing the
RetainTemporary bug, to Tom Tatlow (tatlow@dash.enet.dec.com) for
image rotation code, to Mark A. Horstman (mhorstm@sarek.sbc.com) for
tilde expansion in .xloadimagerc files and virtual-root support in
root.c, to Tim Roper (timr@labtam.labtam.oz.au), Graeme Gill
(graeme@labtam.oz.au) for gamma correction and Utah RLE image support,
Mark Majhor (uunet!sequent!markm) for FBM and MacPaint support, Ian
MacPhedran (macphed@dvinci.usask.ca) for PGM and PPM support, Per
Fogelstrom (pf@diab.se) for a fix to send.c, Hans J. Albertsson
(hans@Sweden.Sun.COM) for cleaning up GIF aborting, Graham Hudspith
(gwh@inmos.com) for a geometry patch, Glenn P. Davis
(davis@unidata.ucar.edu) for McIDAS areafile support, Keith S. Pickens
(maxwell.nde.swri.edu!ksp) for fixing the RLE loader to work with the
updated zio package, Mike Douglas (douglas@wilbur.coyote.trw.com) for
normalization, Rod Johnson (johnson@wrl.epi.com) for speedup
suggestions, Hal Peterson (hrp@cray.com) for his Imakefile fix, Matt
Caprile (Matthew.Caprile@ec.bull.fr) for slideshow delay code, Bob
Deroy (rwd@bucrsb.bu.edu) for mondo 24-bit Sun Rasterfile images that
broke everything, Christos S. Zoulas (christo@ee.cornell.edu) for a
first-cut 24-bit implementation, Gerald James Barnes
(gjb@oasis.icl.stc.co.uk) for a first-cut forced-visual
implementation, Michael Campanella (campanella@cvg.enet.dec.com) for
more VMS changes, Kee Hinckley (nazgul@alfalfa.com) for robustness
changes to the g3 and MacPaint loaders and the ZIO package, Tim
Northrup (tim@brspyr1.brs.com) for PC Paintbrush and GEM image
formats, Richard Weidner (richard@elroy.jpl.nasa.gov) for lots of
24-bit testing, and any others whose names I've missed.

HISTORY

Patch 01 contained a new Makefile.std, Makefile.gcc, and Imakefile.
It contained a bug-fix to sendImageToX() which allowed bitmaps to be
sent from little-endian machines (eg VAX, 80386) correctly, and a fix
to xbitmapLoad() to allow correct loading of X10 bitmap images.  An
enhancement to imageInWindow() which allowed exiting from image
windows by typing 'q' was submitted by Chris Tengi
(tengi@idunno.princeton.edu) and was included.  The previously missing
file 'patchlevel' was included.

Patch 02 contained modifications to the Makefiles, support for the X
Pixmap image type, a different dithering algorithm that didn't blow
the image up (with the old one moved to halftone.c), and a bug fix to
zoom.c to correct problems when zooming bitmaps.

Patch 03 contained a new loader for GIF files.  The dither bits array
in dither.c was changed so it worked properly, and both dither.c and
halftone.c had minor bugs fixed.  Merge.c was modified to correct bugs
when merging RGB images.  Pbm.c was modified to handle raw format
images.  Root.c was modified to deny image loads which would change
the root window's colormap.  Send.c was modified to use shared colors
whenever possible and to handle color displays which have depths which
are not a multiple of 8.  Window.c was modified to avoid deleting the
default colormap, allowing proper operation on some servers prior to
X11R3 patchlevel 08.  There were many miscellaneous bug fixes.

Patchlevel 04 contained an enhancement to root.c to use
RetainTemporary and KillClient(disp, AllTemporary) so that it could
clean up after itself when reloading.  The -quiet and -zoom options no
longer cause garbage to be displayed for the image title.  A small bug
in new.c that caused incorrect allocation of bitmap images was fixed.
Several calls to XCreateColormap were missing the "visual" parameter
in send.c; this was fixed.  A bug relating to -border and monochrome
displays was fixed.  There were several changes to the Imakefile and
Makefiles.

Patchlevel 05 contained enhancements to allow slideshows and
fullscreen viewing, some bug fixes related to scrolling around within
images, Saber-C makefile enhancements, a bug fix to the halftoning
title, and the addition of greyscale Sun Rasterfile support.

Patchlevel 06 contained support for G3 FAX images, bug fixes to
merge.c to fix some signed/unsigned errors and clipping problems,
changes to root.c to make previously allocated resources be freed
properly, and a completely new dithering routine.

Version 2, patchlevel 00 contained support for MacPaint, FBM, PGM,
PPM, CMU, Utah RLE and XWD image formats, gamma equalization, image
smoothing, and image rotation.  G3 FAX support was modified to cut
down on false positive identifications.  The zio subsystem was
modified to cache reads for performance improvements and to allow
stdin to be used as an input source.  Several loader functions which
did not properly close their files were fixed.  Color slideshows now
work.  Icon titles use an abbreviated titlebar title to enhance
readability.  The resource class name was changed from XLoadImage to
xloadimage to be more predictable.  Several options now propagate to
all images following them if the -slideshow option is specified.

Version 2.01 contained several fixes to window.c to work around a bug
in twm/tvtwm which could crash servers.  The resource class name was
changed (again) to Xloadimage to conform with standard class naming
practices.  Several problems with System-V compilation were corrected.
The gcc-1-37 make target was fixed to prevent a double-define.  The
GIF loader was patched to respond better to short GIF files.  The Utah
RLE image loader was patched to work with the updated ZIO package.

Version 2.02 added the options -default, -gray, -normalize, and
-private.  The memToVal routines were macro-ized for substantial speed
increases.  The atom used for deleting previously allocated colors for
the -onroot option was changed to correspond to that used by xsetroot.
Dithering and halftoning were changed to use a lookup table for
intensities to speed them up somewhat.  Rle.h was changed to use
memToValLSB() instead of its own byte-swapping algorithm for
portability.  Window.c was modified to eliminate the initial paint,
moving it instead to within ConfigureNotify.  A fix was made to xwd.c
to fix its colormap loader for out-of-order colormaps.  The G3 FAX
identification function was fixed and the G3 loader moved to prior to
the MacPaint loader so that both can be used.  A bug in send.c where
color images using the default colormap would not appear correctly if
the display depth was not a multiple of 8 was corrected.  The default
gamma value used in rle.c was changed from 2 to 1.  There were
miscellaneous portability changes.

Version 2.03 added -delay.  Many minor programming errors were cleaned
up.  Hash.c was changed to use image.h instead of local typedefs
(fixing a problem with PPM image loading).  Window.c was changed to
fix a problem with override redirect windows in fullscreen mode,
and refresh problems with some servers in slideshow mode were fixed.
Path.c was modified to ignore directories when searching for files.
Send.c was modified to allow TrueColor and DirectColor visuals.

Version 2.03-JPL contained interim code to handle 24-bit TrueColor and
DirectColor displays pending the release of Version 3.0.

Version 3.0 added full support for all server types.  Internal support
for 24-bit images was implemented (including the improvement of Sun
Rasterfile and PPM support to use the 24-bit format internally).  Many
modifications to image processing routines to support or make use of
24-bit images.  A much-improved colormap reduction algorithm replaced
the primitive one in previous versions.  The window display code was
modified to work with the best possible visual.  The window display
code was modified to use backing store when available (and -pixmap was
added to force the old technique).  The -fit option was added to force
an image to be fit into the default colormap if it didn't fit as
supplied.  The -fork option was added to allow automatic
backgrounding.  The -onroot -fullscreen options were modified to
preserve aspect ratio.  The -windowid option was added to allow the
setting of the background pixmap of any window.  The -onroot code was
modified to work with DECWINDOWS servers.  The -normalize option was
improved for color images.  The -slideshow option was removed (and
made the default behavior) and -merge was added to allow more flexible
image merging.  The WM_DELETE protocol is now recognized.  PC
Paintbrush (PCX) and GEM bitmap image formats are now supported.  The
GIF 89a signature is now recognized (although no support for its
additional capabilities has been implemented).

Version 3.01 corrected color problems when merging RGB files and fixed
a few small problems.