compiler/util/Util.java

/*******************************************************************************
 * Copyright (c) 2000, 2019 IBM Corporation and others.
 *
 * This program and the accompanying materials
 * are made available under the terms of the Eclipse Public License 2.0
 * which accompanies this distribution, and is available at
 * https://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0/
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0
 *
 * Contributors:
 *     IBM Corporation - initial API and implementation
 *     daolaf@gmail.com - Contribution for bug 3292227
 *******************************************************************************/
package org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.util;

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.StringWriter;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import java.util.zip.ZipEntry;
import java.util.zip.ZipFile;

import org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.CharOperation;
import org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.ClassFile;
import org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.ast.TypeDeclaration;
import org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.batch.FileSystem;
import org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.batch.FileSystem.Classpath;
import org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.batch.Main;
import org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.classfmt.ClassFileConstants;
import org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.impl.CompilerOptions;
import org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.lookup.ExtraCompilerModifiers;
import org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.lookup.ParameterizedTypeBinding;
import org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.lookup.ReferenceBinding;
import org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.lookup.TagBits;
import org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.lookup.TypeBinding;
import org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.lookup.TypeVariableBinding;
import org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.lookup.WildcardBinding;

public class Util implements SuffixConstants {

	/**
	 * Character constant indicating the primitive type boolean in a signature.
	 * Value is <code>'Z'</code>.
	 */
	public static final char C_BOOLEAN 		= 'Z';

	/**
	 * Character constant indicating the primitive type byte in a signature.
	 * Value is <code>'B'</code>.
	 */
	public static final char C_BYTE 		= 'B';

	/**
	 * Character constant indicating the primitive type char in a signature.
	 * Value is <code>'C'</code>.
	 */
	public static final char C_CHAR 		= 'C';

	/**
	 * Character constant indicating the primitive type double in a signature.
	 * Value is <code>'D'</code>.
	 */
	public static final char C_DOUBLE 		= 'D';

	/**
	 * Character constant indicating the primitive type float in a signature.
	 * Value is <code>'F'</code>.
	 */
	public static final char C_FLOAT 		= 'F';

	/**
	 * Character constant indicating the primitive type int in a signature.
	 * Value is <code>'I'</code>.
	 */
	public static final char C_INT 			= 'I';

	/**
	 * Character constant indicating the semicolon in a signature.
	 * Value is <code>';'</code>.
	 */
	public static final char C_SEMICOLON 			= ';';

	/**
	 * Character constant indicating the colon in a signature.
	 * Value is <code>':'</code>.
	 * @since 3.0
	 */
	public static final char C_COLON 			= ':';

	/**
	 * Character constant indicating the primitive type long in a signature.
	 * Value is <code>'J'</code>.
	 */
	public static final char C_LONG			= 'J';

	/**
	 * Character constant indicating the primitive type short in a signature.
	 * Value is <code>'S'</code>.
	 */
	public static final char C_SHORT		= 'S';

	/**
	 * Character constant indicating result type void in a signature.
	 * Value is <code>'V'</code>.
	 */
	public static final char C_VOID			= 'V';

	/**
	 * Character constant indicating the start of a resolved type variable in a
	 * signature. Value is <code>'T'</code>.
	 * @since 3.0
	 */
	public static final char C_TYPE_VARIABLE	= 'T';

	/**
	 * Character constant indicating an unbound wildcard type argument
	 * in a signature.
	 * Value is <code>'*'</code>.
	 * @since 3.0
	 */
	public static final char C_STAR	= '*';

	/**
	 * Character constant indicating an exception in a signature.
	 * Value is <code>'^'</code>.
	 * @since 3.1
	 */
	public static final char C_EXCEPTION_START	= '^';

	/**
	 * Character constant indicating a bound wildcard type argument
	 * in a signature with extends clause.
	 * Value is <code>'+'</code>.
	 * @since 3.1
	 */
	public static final char C_EXTENDS	= '+';

	/**
	 * Character constant indicating a bound wildcard type argument
	 * in a signature with super clause.
	 * Value is <code>'-'</code>.
	 * @since 3.1
	 */
	public static final char C_SUPER	= '-';

	/**
	 * Character constant indicating the dot in a signature.
	 * Value is <code>'.'</code>.
	 */
	public static final char C_DOT			= '.';

	/**
	 * Character constant indicating the dollar in a signature.
	 * Value is <code>'$'</code>.
	 */
	public static final char C_DOLLAR			= '$';

	/**
	 * Character constant indicating an array type in a signature.
	 * Value is <code>'['</code>.
	 */
	public static final char C_ARRAY		= '[';

	/**
	 * Character constant indicating the start of a resolved, named type in a
	 * signature. Value is <code>'L'</code>.
	 */
	public static final char C_RESOLVED		= 'L';

	/**
	 * Character constant indicating the start of an unresolved, named type in a
	 * signature. Value is <code>'Q'</code>.
	 */
	public static final char C_UNRESOLVED	= 'Q';

	/**
	 * Character constant indicating the end of a named type in a signature.
	 * Value is <code>';'</code>.
	 */
	public static final char C_NAME_END		= ';';

	/**
	 * Character constant indicating the start of a parameter type list in a
	 * signature. Value is <code>'('</code>.
	 */
	public static final char C_PARAM_START	= '(';

	/**
	 * Character constant indicating the end of a parameter type list in a
	 * signature. Value is <code>')'</code>.
	 */
	public static final char C_PARAM_END	= ')';

	/**
	 * Character constant indicating the start of a formal type parameter
	 * (or type argument) list in a signature. Value is <code>'&lt;'</code>.
	 * @since 3.0
	 */
	public static final char C_GENERIC_START	= '<';

	/**
	 * Character constant indicating the end of a generic type list in a
	 * signature. Value is <code>'&gt;'</code>.
	 * @since 3.0
	 */
	public static final char C_GENERIC_END	= '>';

	/**
	 * Character constant indicating a capture of a wildcard type in a
	 * signature. Value is <code>'!'</code>.
	 * @since 3.1
	 */
	public static final char C_CAPTURE	= '!';

	public interface Displayable {
		String displayString(Object o);
	}

	private static final int DEFAULT_READING_SIZE = 8192;
	private static final int DEFAULT_WRITING_SIZE = 1024;
	public final static String UTF_8 = "UTF-8";	//$NON-NLS-1$
	public static final String LINE_SEPARATOR = System.getProperty("line.separator"); //$NON-NLS-1$

	public static final String EMPTY_STRING = new String(CharOperation.NO_CHAR);
	/**
	 * @since 3.14
	 */
	public static final String COMMA_SEPARATOR = new String(CharOperation.COMMA_SEPARATOR);
	public static final int[] EMPTY_INT_ARRAY= new int[0];

	/**
	 * Build all the directories and subdirectories corresponding to the packages names
	 * into the directory specified in parameters.
	 *
	 * outputPath is formed like:
	 *	   c:\temp\ the last character is a file separator
	 * relativeFileName is formed like:
	 *     java\lang\String.class *
	 *
	 * @param outputPath java.lang.String
	 * @param relativeFileName java.lang.String
	 * @return java.lang.String
	 */
	public static String buildAllDirectoriesInto(String outputPath, String relativeFileName) throws IOException {
		char fileSeparatorChar = File.separatorChar;
		String fileSeparator = File.separator;
		File f;
		outputPath = outputPath.replace('/', fileSeparatorChar);
			// these could be optimized out if we normalized paths once and for
			// all
		relativeFileName = relativeFileName.replace('/', fileSeparatorChar);
		String outputDirPath, fileName;
		int separatorIndex = relativeFileName.lastIndexOf(fileSeparatorChar);
		if (separatorIndex == -1) {
			if (outputPath.endsWith(fileSeparator)) {
				outputDirPath = outputPath.substring(0, outputPath.length() - 1);
				fileName = outputPath + relativeFileName;
			} else {
				outputDirPath = outputPath;
				fileName = outputPath + fileSeparator + relativeFileName;
			}
		} else {
			if (outputPath.endsWith(fileSeparator)) {
				outputDirPath = outputPath +
					relativeFileName.substring(0, separatorIndex);
				fileName = outputPath + relativeFileName;
			} else {
				outputDirPath = outputPath + fileSeparator +
					relativeFileName.substring(0, separatorIndex);
				fileName = outputPath + fileSeparator + relativeFileName;
			}
		}
		f = new File(outputDirPath);
		f.mkdirs();
		if (f.isDirectory()) {
			return fileName;
		} else {
			// the directory creation failed for some reason - retry using
			// a slower algorithm so as to refine the diagnostic
			if (outputPath.endsWith(fileSeparator)) {
				outputPath = outputPath.substring(0, outputPath.length() - 1);
			}
			f = new File(outputPath);
			boolean checkFileType = false;
			if (f.exists()) {
				  checkFileType = true; // pre-existed
			} else {
				// we have to create that directory
				if (!f.mkdirs()) {
					  if (f.exists()) {
							// someone else created f -- need to check its type
							checkFileType = true;
					  } else {
							// no one could create f -- complain
						throw new IOException(Messages.bind(
							Messages.output_notValidAll, f.getAbsolutePath()));
					  }
				}
			}
			if (checkFileType) {
				  if (!f.isDirectory()) {
					throw new IOException(Messages.bind(
						Messages.output_isFile, f.getAbsolutePath()));
				  }
			}
			StringBuffer outDir = new StringBuffer(outputPath);
			outDir.append(fileSeparator);
			StringTokenizer tokenizer =
				new StringTokenizer(relativeFileName, fileSeparator);
			String token = tokenizer.nextToken();
			while (tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {
				f = new File(outDir.append(token).append(fileSeparator).toString());
				  checkFileType = false; // reset
				if (f.exists()) {
					  checkFileType = true; // this is suboptimal, but it catches corner cases
											// in which a regular file pre-exists
				} else {
				// we have to create that directory
					if (!f.mkdir()) {
						  if (f.exists()) {
								// someone else created f -- need to check its type
								checkFileType = true;
						  } else {
								// no one could create f -- complain
							throw new IOException(Messages.bind(
								Messages.output_notValid,
									outDir.substring(outputPath.length() + 1,
										outDir.length() - 1),
									outputPath));
						  }
					}
				}
				if (checkFileType) {
					  if (!f.isDirectory()) {
						throw new IOException(Messages.bind(
							Messages.output_isFile, f.getAbsolutePath()));
					  }
				}
				token = tokenizer.nextToken();
			}
			// token contains the last one
			return outDir.append(token).toString();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the given bytes as a char array using a given encoding (null means platform default).
	 */
	public static char[] bytesToChar(byte[] bytes, String encoding) throws IOException {

		return getInputStreamAsCharArray(new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes), bytes.length, encoding);

	}

	/**
	 * Returns the outer most enclosing type's visibility for the given TypeDeclaration
	 * and visibility based on compiler options.
	 */
	public static int computeOuterMostVisibility(TypeDeclaration typeDeclaration, int visibility) {
		while (typeDeclaration != null) {
			switch (typeDeclaration.modifiers & ExtraCompilerModifiers.AccVisibilityMASK) {
				case ClassFileConstants.AccPrivate:
					visibility = ClassFileConstants.AccPrivate;
					break;
				case ClassFileConstants.AccDefault:
					if (visibility != ClassFileConstants.AccPrivate) {
						visibility = ClassFileConstants.AccDefault;
					}
					break;
				case ClassFileConstants.AccProtected:
					if (visibility == ClassFileConstants.AccPublic) {
						visibility = ClassFileConstants.AccProtected;
					}
					break;
			}
			typeDeclaration = typeDeclaration.enclosingType;
		}
		return visibility;
	}
	/**
	 * Returns the contents of the given file as a byte array.
	 * @throws IOException if a problem occured reading the file.
	 */
	public static byte[] getFileByteContent(File file) throws IOException {
		InputStream stream = null;
		try {
			stream = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
			return getInputStreamAsByteArray(stream, (int) file.length());
		} finally {
			if (stream != null) {
				try {
					stream.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					// ignore
				}
			}
		}
	}
	/**
	 * Returns the contents of the given file as a char array.
	 * When encoding is null, then the platform default one is used
	 * @throws IOException if a problem occured reading the file.
	 */
	public static char[] getFileCharContent(File file, String encoding) throws IOException {
		InputStream stream = null;
		try {
			stream = new FileInputStream(file);
			return getInputStreamAsCharArray(stream, (int) file.length(), encoding);
		} finally {
			if (stream != null) {
				try {
					stream.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					// ignore
				}
			}
		}
	}
	private static FileOutputStream getFileOutputStream(boolean generatePackagesStructure, String outputPath, String relativeFileName) throws IOException {
		if (generatePackagesStructure) {
			return new FileOutputStream(new File(buildAllDirectoriesInto(outputPath, relativeFileName)));
		} else {
			String fileName = null;
			char fileSeparatorChar = File.separatorChar;
			String fileSeparator = File.separator;
			// First we ensure that the outputPath exists
			outputPath = outputPath.replace('/', fileSeparatorChar);
			// To be able to pass the mkdirs() method we need to remove the extra file separator at the end of the outDir name
			int indexOfPackageSeparator = relativeFileName.lastIndexOf(fileSeparatorChar);
			if (indexOfPackageSeparator == -1) {
				if (outputPath.endsWith(fileSeparator)) {
					fileName = outputPath + relativeFileName;
				} else {
					fileName = outputPath + fileSeparator + relativeFileName;
				}
			} else {
				int length = relativeFileName.length();
				if (outputPath.endsWith(fileSeparator)) {
					fileName = outputPath + relativeFileName.substring(indexOfPackageSeparator + 1, length);
				} else {
					fileName = outputPath + fileSeparator + relativeFileName.substring(indexOfPackageSeparator + 1, length);
				}
			}
			return new FileOutputStream(new File(fileName));
		}
	}

	/*
	 * NIO support to get input stream as byte array.
	 * Not used as with JDK 1.4.2 this support is slower than standard IO one...
	 * Keep it as comment for future in case of next JDK versions improve performance
	 * in this area...
	 *
	public static byte[] getInputStreamAsByteArray(FileInputStream stream, int length)
		throws IOException {

		FileChannel channel = stream.getChannel();
		int size = (int)channel.size();
		if (length >= 0 && length < size) size = length;
		byte[] contents = new byte[size];
		ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(contents);
		channel.read(buffer);
		return contents;
	}
	*/
	/**
	 * Returns the given input stream's contents as a byte array.
	 * If a length is specified (i.e. if length != -1), only length bytes
	 * are returned. Otherwise all bytes in the stream are returned.
	 * Note this doesn't close the stream.
	 * @throws IOException if a problem occured reading the stream.
	 */
	public static byte[] getInputStreamAsByteArray(InputStream stream, int length)
			throws IOException {
		byte[] contents;
		if (length == -1) {
			contents = new byte[0];
			int contentsLength = 0;
			int amountRead = -1;
			do {
				int amountRequested = Math.max(stream.available(), DEFAULT_READING_SIZE);  // read at least 8K

				// resize contents if needed
				if (contentsLength + amountRequested > contents.length) {
					System.arraycopy(
						contents,
						0,
						contents = new byte[contentsLength + amountRequested],
						0,
						contentsLength);
				}

				// read as many bytes as possible
				amountRead = stream.read(contents, contentsLength, amountRequested);

				if (amountRead > 0) {
					// remember length of contents
					contentsLength += amountRead;
				}
			} while (amountRead != -1);

			// resize contents if necessary
			if (contentsLength < contents.length) {
				System.arraycopy(
					contents,
					0,
					contents = new byte[contentsLength],
					0,
					contentsLength);
			}
		} else {
			contents = new byte[length];
			int len = 0;
			int readSize = 0;
			while ((readSize != -1) && (len != length)) {
				// See PR 1FMS89U
				// We record first the read size. In this case len is the actual read size.
				len += readSize;
				readSize = stream.read(contents, len, length - len);
			}
		}

		return contents;
	}

	/*
	 * NIO support to get input stream as char array.
	 * Not used as with JDK 1.4.2 this support is slower than standard IO one...
	 * Keep it as comment for future in case of next JDK versions improve performance
	 * in this area...
	public static char[] getInputStreamAsCharArray(FileInputStream stream, int length, String encoding)
		throws IOException {

		FileChannel channel = stream.getChannel();
		int size = (int)channel.size();
		if (length >= 0 && length < size) size = length;
		Charset charset = encoding==null?systemCharset:Charset.forName(encoding);
		if (charset != null) {
			MappedByteBuffer bbuffer = channel.map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, size);
		    CharsetDecoder decoder = charset.newDecoder();
		    CharBuffer buffer = decoder.decode(bbuffer);
		    char[] contents = new char[buffer.limit()];
		    buffer.get(contents);
		    return contents;
		}
		throw new UnsupportedCharsetException(SYSTEM_FILE_ENCODING);
	}
	*/
	/**
	 * Returns the given input stream's contents as a character array.
	 * If a length is specified (i.e. if length != -1), this represents the number of bytes in the stream.
	 * Note this doesn't close the stream.
	 * @throws IOException if a problem occured reading the stream.
	 */
	public static char[] getInputStreamAsCharArray(InputStream stream, int length, String encoding)
			throws IOException {
		BufferedReader reader = null;
		try {
			reader = encoding == null
						? new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(stream))
						: new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(stream, encoding));
		} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
			// encoding is not supported
			reader =  new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(stream));
		}
		char[] contents;
		int totalRead = 0;
		if (length == -1) {
			contents = CharOperation.NO_CHAR;
		} else {
			// length is a good guess when the encoding produces less or the same amount of characters than the file length
			contents = new char[length]; // best guess
		}

		while (true) {
			int amountRequested;
			if (totalRead < length) {
				// until known length is met, reuse same array sized eagerly
				amountRequested = length - totalRead;
			} else {
				// reading beyond known length
				int current = reader.read();
				if (current < 0) break;

				amountRequested = Math.max(stream.available(), DEFAULT_READING_SIZE);  // read at least 8K

				// resize contents if needed
				if (totalRead + 1 + amountRequested > contents.length)
					System.arraycopy(contents, 	0, 	contents = new char[totalRead + 1 + amountRequested], 0, totalRead);

				// add current character
				contents[totalRead++] = (char) current; // coming from totalRead==length
			}
			// read as many chars as possible
			int amountRead = reader.read(contents, totalRead, amountRequested);
			if (amountRead < 0) break;
			totalRead += amountRead;
		}

		// Do not keep first character for UTF-8 BOM encoding
		int start = 0;
		if (totalRead > 0 && UTF_8.equals(encoding)) {
			if (contents[0] == 0xFEFF) { // if BOM char then skip
				totalRead--;
				start = 1;
			}
		}

		// resize contents if necessary
		if (totalRead < contents.length)
			System.arraycopy(contents, start, contents = new char[totalRead], 	0, 	totalRead);

		return contents;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns a one line summary for an exception (extracted from its stacktrace: name + first frame)
	 * @param exception
	 * @return one line summary for an exception
	 */
	public static String getExceptionSummary(Throwable exception) {
		StringWriter stringWriter = new StringWriter();
		exception.printStackTrace(new PrintWriter(stringWriter));
		StringBuffer buffer = stringWriter.getBuffer();
		StringBuffer exceptionBuffer = new StringBuffer(50);
		exceptionBuffer.append(exception.toString());
		// only keep leading frame portion of the trace (i.e. line no. 2 from the stacktrace)
		lookupLine2: for (int i = 0, lineSep = 0, max = buffer.length(), line2Start = 0; i < max; i++) {
			switch (buffer.charAt(i)) {
				case '\n':
				case '\r' :
					if (line2Start > 0) {
						exceptionBuffer.append(' ').append(buffer.substring(line2Start, i));
						break lookupLine2;
					}
					lineSep++;
					break;
				case ' ' :
				case '\t' :
					break;
				default :
					if (lineSep > 0) {
						line2Start = i;
						lineSep = 0;
					}
					break;
			}
		}
		return exceptionBuffer.toString();
	}

	public static int getLineNumber(int position, int[] lineEnds, int g, int d) {
		if (lineEnds == null)
			return 1;
		if (d == -1)
			return 1;
		int m = g, start;
		while (g <= d) {
			m = g + (d - g) /2;
			if (position < (start = lineEnds[m])) {
				d = m-1;
			} else if (position > start) {
				g = m+1;
			} else {
				return m + 1;
			}
		}
		if (position < lineEnds[m]) {
			return m+1;
		}
		return m+2;
	}
	/**
	 * Returns the contents of the given zip entry as a byte array.
	 * @throws IOException if a problem occurred reading the zip entry.
	 */
	public static byte[] getZipEntryByteContent(ZipEntry ze, ZipFile zip)
		throws IOException {

		InputStream stream = null;
		try {
			InputStream inputStream = zip.getInputStream(ze);
			if (inputStream == null) throw new IOException("Invalid zip entry name : " + ze.getName()); //$NON-NLS-1$
			stream = new BufferedInputStream(inputStream);
			return getInputStreamAsByteArray(stream, (int) ze.getSize());
		} finally {
			if (stream != null) {
				try {
					stream.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					// ignore
				}
			}
		}
	}
	public static int hashCode(Object[] array) {
		int prime = 31;
		if (array == null) {
			return 0;
		}
		int result = 1;
		for (int index = 0; index < array.length; index++) {
			result = prime * result + (array[index] == null ? 0 : array[index].hashCode());
		}
		return result;
	}
	/**
	 * Returns whether the given name is potentially a zip archive file name
	 * (it has a file extension and it is not ".java" nor ".class")
	 */
	public final static boolean isPotentialZipArchive(String name) {
		int lastDot = name.lastIndexOf('.');
		if (lastDot == -1)
			return false; // no file extension, it cannot be a zip archive name
		if (name.lastIndexOf(File.separatorChar) > lastDot)
			return false; // dot was before the last file separator, it cannot be a zip archive name
		int length = name.length();
		int extensionLength = length - lastDot - 1;
		if (extensionLength == EXTENSION_java.length()) {
			for (int i = extensionLength-1; i >=0; i--) {
				if (Character.toLowerCase(name.charAt(length - extensionLength + i)) != EXTENSION_java.charAt(i)) {
					break; // not a ".java" file, check ".class" file case below
				}
				if (i == 0) {
					return false; // it is a ".java" file, it cannot be a zip archive name
				}
			}
		}
		if (extensionLength == EXTENSION_class.length()) {
			for (int i = extensionLength-1; i >=0; i--) {
				if (Character.toLowerCase(name.charAt(length - extensionLength + i)) != EXTENSION_class.charAt(i)) {
					return true; // not a ".class" file, so this is a potential archive name
				}
			}
			return false; // it is a ".class" file, it cannot be a zip archive name
		}
		return true; // it is neither a ".java" file nor a ".class" file, so this is a potential archive name
	}

	public static final int ZIP_FILE = 0;
	public static final int JMOD_FILE = 1;

	/**
	 * Returns the kind of archive this file is. The format is one of
	 * #ZIP_FILE or {@link #JMOD_FILE}
	 */
	public final static int archiveFormat(String name) {
		int lastDot = name.lastIndexOf('.');
		if (lastDot == -1)
			return -1; // no file extension, it cannot be a zip archive name
		if (name.lastIndexOf(File.separatorChar) > lastDot)
			return -1; // dot was before the last file separator, it cannot be a zip archive name
		int length = name.length();
		int extensionLength = length - lastDot - 1;

		if (extensionLength == EXTENSION_java.length()) {
			for (int i = extensionLength-1; i >=0; i--) {
				if (Character.toLowerCase(name.charAt(length - extensionLength + i)) != EXTENSION_java.charAt(i)) {
					break; // not a ".java" file, check ".class" file case below
				}
				if (i == 0) {
					return -1; // it is a ".java" file, it cannot be a zip archive name
				}
			}
		}
		if (extensionLength == EXTENSION_class.length()) {
			for (int i = extensionLength-1; i >=0; i--) {
				if (Character.toLowerCase(name.charAt(length - extensionLength + i)) != EXTENSION_class.charAt(i)) {
					return ZIP_FILE; // not a ".class" file, so this is a potential archive name
				}
			}
			return -1; // it is a ".class" file, it cannot be a zip archive name
		}
		if (extensionLength == EXTENSION_jmod.length()) {
			for (int i = extensionLength-1; i >=0; i--) {
				if (Character.toLowerCase(name.charAt(length - extensionLength + i)) != EXTENSION_jmod.charAt(i)) {
					return ZIP_FILE; // not a ".jmod" file, so this is a potential archive name
				}
			}
			return JMOD_FILE;
		}
		return ZIP_FILE; // it is neither a ".java" file nor a ".class" file, so this is a potential archive name
	}

	/**
	 * Returns true iff str.toLowerCase().endsWith(".class")
	 * implementation is not creating extra strings.
	 */
	public final static boolean isClassFileName(char[] name) {
		int nameLength = name == null ? 0 : name.length;
		int suffixLength = SUFFIX_CLASS.length;
		if (nameLength < suffixLength) return false;

		for (int i = 0, offset = nameLength - suffixLength; i < suffixLength; i++) {
			char c = name[offset + i];
			if (c != SUFFIX_class[i] && c != SUFFIX_CLASS[i]) return false;
		}
		return true;
	}
	/**
	 * Returns true iff str.toLowerCase().endsWith(".class")
	 * implementation is not creating extra strings.
	 */
	public final static boolean isClassFileName(String name) {
		int nameLength = name == null ? 0 : name.length();
		int suffixLength = SUFFIX_CLASS.length;
		if (nameLength < suffixLength) return false;

		for (int i = 0; i < suffixLength; i++) {
			char c = name.charAt(nameLength - i - 1);
			int suffixIndex = suffixLength - i - 1;
			if (c != SUFFIX_class[suffixIndex] && c != SUFFIX_CLASS[suffixIndex]) return false;
		}
		return true;
	}
	/* TODO (philippe) should consider promoting it to CharOperation
	 * Returns whether the given resource path matches one of the inclusion/exclusion
	 * patterns.
	 * NOTE: should not be asked directly using pkg root pathes
	 * @see IClasspathEntry#getInclusionPatterns
	 * @see IClasspathEntry#getExclusionPatterns
	 */
	public final static boolean isExcluded(char[] path, char[][] inclusionPatterns, char[][] exclusionPatterns, boolean isFolderPath) {
		if (inclusionPatterns == null && exclusionPatterns == null) return false;

		inclusionCheck: if (inclusionPatterns != null) {
			for (int i = 0, length = inclusionPatterns.length; i < length; i++) {
				char[] pattern = inclusionPatterns[i];
				char[] folderPattern = pattern;
				if (isFolderPath) {
					int lastSlash = CharOperation.lastIndexOf('/', pattern);
					if (lastSlash != -1 && lastSlash != pattern.length-1){ // trailing slash -> adds '**' for free (see http://ant.apache.org/manual/dirtasks.html)
						int star = CharOperation.indexOf('*', pattern, lastSlash);
						if ((star == -1
								|| star >= pattern.length-1
								|| pattern[star+1] != '*')) {
							folderPattern = CharOperation.subarray(pattern, 0, lastSlash);
						}
					}
				}
				if (CharOperation.pathMatch(folderPattern, path, true, '/')) {
					break inclusionCheck;
				}
			}
			return true; // never included
		}
		if (isFolderPath) {
			path = CharOperation.concat(path, new char[] {'*'}, '/');
		}
		if (exclusionPatterns != null) {
			for (int i = 0, length = exclusionPatterns.length; i < length; i++) {
				if (CharOperation.pathMatch(exclusionPatterns[i], path, true, '/')) {
					return true;
				}
			}
		}
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns true iff str.toLowerCase().endsWith(".java")
	 * implementation is not creating extra strings.
	 */
	public final static boolean isJavaFileName(char[] name) {
		int nameLength = name == null ? 0 : name.length;
		int suffixLength = SUFFIX_JAVA.length;
		if (nameLength < suffixLength) return false;

		for (int i = 0, offset = nameLength - suffixLength; i < suffixLength; i++) {
			char c = name[offset + i];
			if (c != SUFFIX_java[i] && c != SUFFIX_JAVA[i]) return false;
		}
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns true iff str.toLowerCase().endsWith(".java")
	 * implementation is not creating extra strings.
	 */
	public final static boolean isJavaFileName(String name) {
		int nameLength = name == null ? 0 : name.length();
		int suffixLength = SUFFIX_JAVA.length;
		if (nameLength < suffixLength) return false;

		for (int i = 0; i < suffixLength; i++) {
			char c = name.charAt(nameLength - i - 1);
			int suffixIndex = suffixLength - i - 1;
			if (c != SUFFIX_java[suffixIndex] && c != SUFFIX_JAVA[suffixIndex]) return false;
		}
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns true iff str.toLowerCase().endsWith("jrt-fs.jar")
	 * implementation is not creating extra strings.
	 */
	public final static boolean isJrt(String name) {
		return name.endsWith(JRTUtil.JRT_FS_JAR);
	}

	public static void reverseQuickSort(char[][] list, int left, int right) {
		int original_left= left;
		int original_right= right;
		char[] mid= list[left + ((right-left)/2)];
		do {
			while (CharOperation.compareTo(list[left], mid) > 0) {
				left++;
			}
			while (CharOperation.compareTo(mid, list[right]) > 0) {
				right--;
			}
			if (left <= right) {
				char[] tmp= list[left];
				list[left]= list[right];
				list[right]= tmp;
				left++;
				right--;
			}
		} while (left <= right);
		if (original_left < right) {
			reverseQuickSort(list, original_left, right);
		}
		if (left < original_right) {
			reverseQuickSort(list, left, original_right);
		}
	}
	public static void reverseQuickSort(char[][] list, int left, int right, int[] result) {
		int original_left= left;
		int original_right= right;
		char[] mid= list[left + ((right-left)/2)];
		do {
			while (CharOperation.compareTo(list[left], mid) > 0) {
				left++;
			}
			while (CharOperation.compareTo(mid, list[right]) > 0) {
				right--;
			}
			if (left <= right) {
				char[] tmp= list[left];
				list[left]= list[right];
				list[right]= tmp;
				int temp = result[left];
				result[left] = result[right];
				result[right] = temp;
				left++;
				right--;
			}
		} while (left <= right);
		if (original_left < right) {
			reverseQuickSort(list, original_left, right, result);
		}
		if (left < original_right) {
			reverseQuickSort(list, left, original_right, result);
		}
	}
	/**
	 * INTERNAL USE-ONLY
	 * Search the column number corresponding to a specific position
	 */
	public static final int searchColumnNumber(int[] startLineIndexes, int lineNumber, int position) {
		switch(lineNumber) {
			case 1 :
				return position + 1;
			case 2:
				return position - startLineIndexes[0];
			default:
				int line = lineNumber - 2;
	    		int length = startLineIndexes.length;
	    		if (line >= length) {
	    			return position - startLineIndexes[length - 1];
	    		}
	    		return position - startLineIndexes[line];
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Converts a boolean value into Boolean.
	 * @param bool The boolean to convert
	 * @return The corresponding Boolean object (TRUE or FALSE).
	 */
	public static Boolean toBoolean(boolean bool) {
		if (bool) {
			return Boolean.TRUE;
		} else {
			return Boolean.FALSE;
		}
	}
	/**
	 * Converts an array of Objects into String.
	 */
	public static String toString(Object[] objects) {
		return toString(objects,
			new Displayable(){
				@Override
				public String displayString(Object o) {
					if (o == null) return "null"; //$NON-NLS-1$
					return o.toString();
				}
			});
	}

	/**
	 * Converts an array of Objects into String.
	 */
	public static String toString(Object[] objects, Displayable renderer) {
		if (objects == null) return ""; //$NON-NLS-1$
		StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(10);
		for (int i = 0; i < objects.length; i++){
			if (i > 0) buffer.append(", "); //$NON-NLS-1$
			buffer.append(renderer.displayString(objects[i]));
		}
		return buffer.toString();
	}

	/**
	 * outputPath is formed like:
	 *	   c:\temp\ the last character is a file separator
	 * relativeFileName is formed like:
	 *     java\lang\String.class
	 * @param generatePackagesStructure a flag to know if the packages structure has to be generated.
	 * @param outputPath the given output directory
	 * @param relativeFileName the given relative file name
	 * @param classFile the given classFile to write
	 *
	 */
	public static void writeToDisk(boolean generatePackagesStructure, String outputPath, String relativeFileName, ClassFile classFile) throws IOException {
		FileOutputStream file = getFileOutputStream(generatePackagesStructure, outputPath, relativeFileName);
		/* use java.nio to write
		if (true) {
			FileChannel ch = file.getChannel();
			try {
				ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(classFile.headerOffset + classFile.contentsOffset);
				buffer.put(classFile.header, 0, classFile.headerOffset);
				buffer.put(classFile.contents, 0, classFile.contentsOffset);
				buffer.flip();
				while (true) {
					if (ch.write(buffer) == 0) break;
				}
			} finally {
				ch.close();
			}
			return;
		}
		*/
		BufferedOutputStream output = new BufferedOutputStream(file, DEFAULT_WRITING_SIZE);
//		BufferedOutputStream output = new BufferedOutputStream(file);
		try {
			// if no IOException occured, output cannot be null
			output.write(classFile.header, 0, classFile.headerOffset);
			output.write(classFile.contents, 0, classFile.contentsOffset);
			output.flush();
		} catch(IOException e) {
			throw e;
		} finally {
			output.close();
		}
	}
	@SuppressWarnings({ "rawtypes", "unchecked" })
	public static void recordNestedType(ClassFile classFile, TypeBinding typeBinding) {
		if (classFile.visitedTypes == null) {
			classFile.visitedTypes = new HashSet(3);
		} else if (classFile.visitedTypes.contains(typeBinding)) {
			// type is already visited
			return;
		}
		classFile.visitedTypes.add(typeBinding);
		if (typeBinding.isParameterizedType()
				&& ((typeBinding.tagBits & TagBits.ContainsNestedTypeReferences) != 0)) {
			ParameterizedTypeBinding parameterizedTypeBinding = (ParameterizedTypeBinding) typeBinding;
			ReferenceBinding genericType = parameterizedTypeBinding.genericType();
			if ((genericType.tagBits & TagBits.ContainsNestedTypeReferences) != 0) {
				recordNestedType(classFile, genericType);
			}
			TypeBinding[] arguments = parameterizedTypeBinding.arguments;
			if (arguments != null) {
				for (int j = 0, max2 = arguments.length; j < max2; j++) {
					TypeBinding argument = arguments[j];
					if (argument.isWildcard()) {
						WildcardBinding wildcardBinding = (WildcardBinding) argument;
						TypeBinding bound = wildcardBinding.bound;
						if (bound != null
								&& ((bound.tagBits & TagBits.ContainsNestedTypeReferences) != 0)) {
							recordNestedType(classFile, bound);
						}
						ReferenceBinding superclass = wildcardBinding.superclass();
						if (superclass != null
								&& ((superclass.tagBits & TagBits.ContainsNestedTypeReferences) != 0)) {
							recordNestedType(classFile, superclass);
						}
						ReferenceBinding[] superInterfaces = wildcardBinding.superInterfaces();
						if (superInterfaces != null) {
							for (int k = 0, max3 =  superInterfaces.length; k < max3; k++) {
								ReferenceBinding superInterface = superInterfaces[k];
								if ((superInterface.tagBits & TagBits.ContainsNestedTypeReferences) != 0) {
									recordNestedType(classFile, superInterface);
								}
							}
						}
					} else if ((argument.tagBits & TagBits.ContainsNestedTypeReferences) != 0) {
						recordNestedType(classFile, argument);
					}
				}
			}
		} else if (typeBinding.isTypeVariable()
				&& ((typeBinding.tagBits & TagBits.ContainsNestedTypeReferences) != 0)) {
			TypeVariableBinding typeVariableBinding = (TypeVariableBinding) typeBinding;
			TypeBinding upperBound = typeVariableBinding.upperBound();
			if (upperBound != null && ((upperBound.tagBits & TagBits.ContainsNestedTypeReferences) != 0)) {
				recordNestedType(classFile, upperBound);
			}
			TypeBinding[] upperBounds = typeVariableBinding.otherUpperBounds();
			if (upperBounds != null) {
				for (int k = 0, max3 =  upperBounds.length; k < max3; k++) {
					TypeBinding otherUpperBound = upperBounds[k];
					if ((otherUpperBound.tagBits & TagBits.ContainsNestedTypeReferences) != 0) {
						recordNestedType(classFile, otherUpperBound);
					}
				}
			}
		} else if (typeBinding.isNestedType()) {
			TypeBinding enclosingType = typeBinding;
			do {
				if (!enclosingType.canBeSeenBy(classFile.referenceBinding.scope))
					break;
				enclosingType = enclosingType.enclosingType();
			} while (enclosingType != null);
			boolean onBottomForBug445231 = enclosingType != null;
			classFile.recordInnerClasses(typeBinding, onBottomForBug445231);
		}
	}
	/*
	 * External API
	 */
	public static File getJavaHome() {
		String javaHome = System.getProperty("java.home");//$NON-NLS-1$
		if (javaHome != null) {
			File javaHomeFile = new File(javaHome);
			if (javaHomeFile.exists()) {
				return javaHomeFile;
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

	public static void collectVMBootclasspath(List<Classpath> bootclasspaths, File javaHome) {
		List<Classpath> classpaths = collectPlatformLibraries(javaHome);
		bootclasspaths.addAll(classpaths);
	}
	public static void collectRunningVMBootclasspath(List<Classpath> bootclasspaths) {
		collectVMBootclasspath(bootclasspaths, null);
	}
	public static long getJDKLevel(File javaHome) {
		String version = System.getProperty("java.version"); //$NON-NLS-1$
		return CompilerOptions.versionToJdkLevel(version);
	}
	public static List<FileSystem.Classpath> collectFilesNames() {
		return collectPlatformLibraries(null);
	}
	public static List<FileSystem.Classpath> collectPlatformLibraries(File javaHome) {
		/* no bootclasspath specified
		 * we can try to retrieve the default librairies of the VM used to run
		 * the batch compiler
		 */
		String javaversion = null;
		javaversion = System.getProperty("java.version"); //$NON-NLS-1$
		// Surely, this ain't required anymore?
		if (javaversion != null && javaversion.equalsIgnoreCase("1.1.8")) { //$NON-NLS-1$
			throw new IllegalStateException();
		}
		long jdkLevel = CompilerOptions.versionToJdkLevel(javaversion);
		if (jdkLevel >= ClassFileConstants.JDK9) {
			List<FileSystem.Classpath> filePaths = new ArrayList<>();
			if (javaHome == null) {
				javaHome = getJavaHome();
			}
			if (javaHome != null) {
				filePaths.add(FileSystem.getJrtClasspath(javaHome.getAbsolutePath(), null, null, null));
				return filePaths;
			}
		}

		/*
		 * Handle >= JDK 1.2.2 settings: retrieve the bootclasspath
		 */
		// check bootclasspath properties for Sun, JRockit and Harmony VMs
		String bootclasspathProperty = System.getProperty("sun.boot.class.path"); //$NON-NLS-1$
		if ((bootclasspathProperty == null) || (bootclasspathProperty.length() == 0)) {
			// IBM J9 VMs
			bootclasspathProperty = System.getProperty("vm.boot.class.path"); //$NON-NLS-1$
			if ((bootclasspathProperty == null) || (bootclasspathProperty.length() == 0)) {
				// Harmony using IBM VME
				bootclasspathProperty = System.getProperty("org.apache.harmony.boot.class.path"); //$NON-NLS-1$
			}
		}
		Set<String> filePaths = new HashSet<>();
		if ((bootclasspathProperty != null) && (bootclasspathProperty.length() != 0)) {
			StringTokenizer tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(bootclasspathProperty, File.pathSeparator);
			while (tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {
				filePaths.add(tokenizer.nextToken());
			}
		} else {
			// try to get all jars inside the lib folder of the java home
			if (javaHome == null) {
				javaHome = getJavaHome();
			}
			if (javaHome != null) {
				File[] directoriesToCheck = null;
				if (System.getProperty("os.name").startsWith("Mac")) {//$NON-NLS-1$//$NON-NLS-2$
					directoriesToCheck = new File[] {
						new File(javaHome, "../Classes"), //$NON-NLS-1$
					};
				} else {
					// fall back to try to retrieve them out of the lib directory
					directoriesToCheck = new File[] {
						new File(javaHome, "lib") //$NON-NLS-1$
					};
				}
				File[][] systemLibrariesJars = Main.getLibrariesFiles(directoriesToCheck);
				if (systemLibrariesJars != null) {
					for (int i = 0, max = systemLibrariesJars.length; i < max; i++) {
						File[] current = systemLibrariesJars[i];
						if (current != null) {
							for (int j = 0, max2 = current.length; j < max2; j++) {
								filePaths.add(current[j].getAbsolutePath());
							}
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
		List<FileSystem.Classpath> classpaths = new ArrayList<>();
		for (String filePath : filePaths) {
			FileSystem.Classpath currentClasspath = FileSystem.getClasspath(filePath, null, null, null, null);
			if (currentClasspath != null) {
				classpaths.add(currentClasspath);
			}
		}
		return classpaths;
	}
	public static int getParameterCount(char[] methodSignature) {
		try {
			int count = 0;
			int i = CharOperation.indexOf(C_PARAM_START, methodSignature);
			if (i < 0) {
				throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.valueOf(methodSignature));
			} else {
				i++;
			}
			for (;;) {
				if (methodSignature[i] == C_PARAM_END) {
					return count;
				}
				int e= Util.scanTypeSignature(methodSignature, i);
				if (e < 0) {
					throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.valueOf(methodSignature));
				} else {
					i = e + 1;
				}
				count++;
			}
		} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.valueOf(methodSignature), e);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Scans the given string for a type signature starting at the given index
	 * and returns the index of the last character.
	 * <pre>
	 * TypeSignature:
	 *  |  BaseTypeSignature
	 *  |  ArrayTypeSignature
	 *  |  ClassTypeSignature
	 *  |  TypeVariableSignature
	 * </pre>
	 *
	 * @param string the signature string
	 * @param start the 0-based character index of the first character
	 * @return the 0-based character index of the last character
	 * @exception IllegalArgumentException if this is not a type signature
	 */
	public static int scanTypeSignature(char[] string, int start) {
		// need a minimum 1 char
		if (start >= string.length) {
			throw newIllegalArgumentException(string, start);
		}
		char c = string[start];
		switch (c) {
			case C_ARRAY :
				return scanArrayTypeSignature(string, start);
			case C_RESOLVED :
			case C_UNRESOLVED :
				return scanClassTypeSignature(string, start);
			case C_TYPE_VARIABLE :
				return scanTypeVariableSignature(string, start);
			case C_BOOLEAN :
			case C_BYTE :
			case C_CHAR :
			case C_DOUBLE :
			case C_FLOAT :
			case C_INT :
			case C_LONG :
			case C_SHORT :
			case C_VOID :
				return scanBaseTypeSignature(string, start);
			case C_CAPTURE :
				return scanCaptureTypeSignature(string, start);
			case C_EXTENDS:
			case C_SUPER:
			case C_STAR:
				return scanTypeBoundSignature(string, start);
			default :
				throw newIllegalArgumentException(string, start);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Scans the given string for a base type signature starting at the given index
	 * and returns the index of the last character.
	 * <pre>
	 * BaseTypeSignature:
	 *     <b>B</b> | <b>C</b> | <b>D</b> | <b>F</b> | <b>I</b>
	 *   | <b>J</b> | <b>S</b> | <b>V</b> | <b>Z</b>
	 * </pre>
	 * Note that although the base type "V" is only allowed in method return types,
	 * there is no syntactic ambiguity. This method will accept them anywhere
	 * without complaint.
	 *
	 * @param string the signature string
	 * @param start the 0-based character index of the first character
	 * @return the 0-based character index of the last character
	 * @exception IllegalArgumentException if this is not a base type signature
	 */
	public static int scanBaseTypeSignature(char[] string, int start) {
		// need a minimum 1 char
		if (start >= string.length) {
			throw newIllegalArgumentException(string, start);
		}
		char c = string[start];
		if ("BCDFIJSVZ".indexOf(c) >= 0) { //$NON-NLS-1$
			return start;
		} else {
			throw newIllegalArgumentException(string, start);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Scans the given string for an array type signature starting at the given
	 * index and returns the index of the last character.
	 * <pre>
	 * ArrayTypeSignature:
	 *     <b>[</b> TypeSignature
	 * </pre>
	 *
	 * @param string the signature string
	 * @param start the 0-based character index of the first character
	 * @return the 0-based character index of the last character
	 * @exception IllegalArgumentException if this is not an array type signature
	 */
	public static int scanArrayTypeSignature(char[] string, int start) {
		int length = string.length;
		// need a minimum 2 char
		if (start >= length - 1) {
			throw newIllegalArgumentException(string, start);
		}
		char c = string[start];
		if (c != C_ARRAY) {
			throw newIllegalArgumentException(string, start);
		}

		c = string[++start];
		while(c == C_ARRAY) {
			// need a minimum 2 char
			if (start >= length - 1) {
				throw newIllegalArgumentException(string, start);
			}
			c = string[++start];
		}
		return scanTypeSignature(string, start);
	}

	/**
	 * Scans the given string for a capture of a wildcard type signature starting at the given
	 * index and returns the index of the last character.
	 * <pre>
	 * CaptureTypeSignature:
	 *     <b>!</b> TypeBoundSignature
	 * </pre>
	 *
	 * @param string the signature string
	 * @param start the 0-based character index of the first character
	 * @return the 0-based character index of the last character
	 * @exception IllegalArgumentException if this is not a capture type signature
	 */
	public static int scanCaptureTypeSignature(char[] string, int start) {
		// need a minimum 2 char
		if (start >= string.length - 1) {
			throw newIllegalArgumentException(string, start);
		}
		char c = string[start];
		if (c != C_CAPTURE) {
			throw newIllegalArgumentException(string, start);
		}
		return scanTypeBoundSignature(string, start + 1);
	}

	/**
	 * Scans the given string for a type variable signature starting at the given
	 * index and returns the index of the last character.
	 * <pre>
	 * TypeVariableSignature:
	 *     <b>T</b> Identifier <b>;</b>
	 * </pre>
	 *
	 * @param string the signature string
	 * @param start the 0-based character index of the first character
	 * @return the 0-based character index of the last character
	 * @exception IllegalArgumentException if this is not a type variable signature
	 */
	public static int scanTypeVariableSignature(char[] string, int start) {
		// need a minimum 3 chars "Tx;"
		if (start >= string.length - 2) {
			throw newIllegalArgumentException(string, start);
		}
		// must start in "T"
		char c = string[start];
		if (c != C_TYPE_VARIABLE) {
			throw newIllegalArgumentException(string, start);
		}
		int id = scanIdentifier(string, start + 1);
		c = string[id + 1];
		if (c == C_SEMICOLON) {
			return id + 1;
		} else {
			throw newIllegalArgumentException(string, start);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Scans the given string for an identifier starting at the given
	 * index and returns the index of the last character.
	 * Stop characters are: ";", ":", "&lt;", "&gt;", "/", ".".
	 *
	 * @param string the signature string
	 * @param start the 0-based character index of the first character
	 * @return the 0-based character index of the last character
	 * @exception IllegalArgumentException if this is not an identifier
	 */
	public static int scanIdentifier(char[] string, int start) {
		// need a minimum 1 char
		if (start >= string.length) {
			throw newIllegalArgumentException(string, start);
		}
		int p = start;
		while (true) {
			char c = string[p];
			if (c == '<' || c == '>' || c == ':' || c == ';' || c == '.' || c == '/') {
				return p - 1;
			}
			p++;
			if (p == string.length) {
				return p - 1;
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Scans the given string for a class type signature starting at the given
	 * index and returns the index of the last character.
	 * <pre>
	 * ClassTypeSignature:
	 *     { <b>L</b> | <b>Q</b> } Identifier
	 *           { { <b>/</b> | <b>.</b> Identifier [ <b>&lt;</b> TypeArgumentSignature* <b>&gt;</b> ] }
	 *           <b>;</b>
	 * </pre>
	 * Note that although all "/"-identifiers most come before "."-identifiers,
	 * there is no syntactic ambiguity. This method will accept them without
	 * complaint.
	 *
	 * @param string the signature string
	 * @param start the 0-based character index of the first character
	 * @return the 0-based character index of the last character
	 * @exception IllegalArgumentException if this is not a class type signature
	 */
	public static int scanClassTypeSignature(char[] string, int start) {
		// need a minimum 3 chars "Lx;"
		if (start >= string.length - 2) {
			throw newIllegalArgumentException(string, start);
		}
		// must start in "L" or "Q"
		char c = string[start];
		if (c != C_RESOLVED && c != C_UNRESOLVED) {
			return -1;
		}
		int p = start + 1;
		while (true) {
			if (p >= string.length) {
				throw newIllegalArgumentException(string, start);
			}
			c = string[p];
			if (c == C_SEMICOLON) {
				// all done
				return p;
			} else if (c == C_GENERIC_START) {
				int e = scanTypeArgumentSignatures(string, p);
				p = e;
			} else if (c == C_DOT || c == '/') {
				int id = scanIdentifier(string, p + 1);
				p = id;
			}
			p++;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Scans the given string for a type bound signature starting at the given
	 * index and returns the index of the last character.
	 * <pre>
	 * TypeBoundSignature:
	 *     <b>[-+]</b> TypeSignature <b>;</b>
	 *     <b>*</b></b>
	 * </pre>
	 *
	 * @param string the signature string
	 * @param start the 0-based character index of the first character
	 * @return the 0-based character index of the last character
	 * @exception IllegalArgumentException if this is not a type variable signature
	 */
	public static int scanTypeBoundSignature(char[] string, int start) {
		// need a minimum 1 char for wildcard
		if (start >= string.length) {
			throw newIllegalArgumentException(string, start);
		}
		char c = string[start];
		switch (c) {
			case C_STAR :
				return start;
			case C_SUPER :
			case C_EXTENDS :
				break;
			default :
				// must start in "+/-"
				throw newIllegalArgumentException(string, start);
		}
		c = string[++start];
		if (c != C_STAR && start >= string.length -1) { // unless "-*" we need at least one more char, e.g. after "+[", other variants are even longer
			throw new IllegalArgumentException();
		}
		switch (c) {
			case C_CAPTURE :
				return scanCaptureTypeSignature(string, start);
			case C_SUPER :
			case C_EXTENDS :
				return scanTypeBoundSignature(string, start);
			case C_RESOLVED :
			case C_UNRESOLVED :
				return scanClassTypeSignature(string, start);
			case C_TYPE_VARIABLE :
				return scanTypeVariableSignature(string, start);
			case C_ARRAY :
				return scanArrayTypeSignature(string, start);
			case C_STAR:
				return start;
			default:
				throw newIllegalArgumentException(string, start);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Scans the given string for a list of type argument signatures starting at
	 * the given index and returns the index of the last character.
	 * <pre>
	 * TypeArgumentSignatures:
	 *     <b>&lt;</b> TypeArgumentSignature* <b>&gt;</b>
	 * </pre>
	 * Note that although there is supposed to be at least one type argument, there
	 * is no syntactic ambiguity if there are none. This method will accept zero
	 * type argument signatures without complaint.
	 *
	 * @param string the signature string
	 * @param start the 0-based character index of the first character
	 * @return the 0-based character index of the last character
	 * @exception IllegalArgumentException if this is not a list of type arguments
	 * signatures
	 */
	public static int scanTypeArgumentSignatures(char[] string, int start) {
		// need a minimum 2 char "<>"
		if (start >= string.length - 1) {
			throw newIllegalArgumentException(string, start);
		}
		char c = string[start];
		if (c != C_GENERIC_START) {
			throw newIllegalArgumentException(string, start);
		}
		int p = start + 1;
		while (true) {
			if (p >= string.length) {
				throw newIllegalArgumentException(string, start);
			}
			c = string[p];
			if (c == C_GENERIC_END) {
				return p;
			}
			int e = scanTypeArgumentSignature(string, p);
			p = e + 1;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Scans the given string for a type argument signature starting at the given
	 * index and returns the index of the last character.
	 * <pre>
	 * TypeArgumentSignature:
	 *     <b>&#42;</b>
	 *  |  <b>+</b> TypeSignature
	 *  |  <b>-</b> TypeSignature
	 *  |  TypeSignature
	 * </pre>
	 * Note that although base types are not allowed in type arguments, there is
	 * no syntactic ambiguity. This method will accept them without complaint.
	 *
	 * @param string the signature string
	 * @param start the 0-based character index of the first character
	 * @return the 0-based character index of the last character
	 * @exception IllegalArgumentException if this is not a type argument signature
	 */
	public static int scanTypeArgumentSignature(char[] string, int start) {
		// need a minimum 1 char
		if (start >= string.length) {
			throw newIllegalArgumentException(string, start);
		}
		char c = string[start];
		switch (c) {
			case C_STAR :
				return start;
			case C_EXTENDS :
			case C_SUPER :
				return scanTypeBoundSignature(string, start);
			default :
				return scanTypeSignature(string, start);
		}
	}

	public static boolean effectivelyEqual(Object [] one, Object [] two) {
		if (one == two)
			return true;
		int oneLength = one == null ? 0 : one.length;
		int twoLength = two == null ? 0 : two.length;
		if (oneLength != twoLength)
			return false;
		if (oneLength == 0)
			return true;
		for (int i = 0; i < one.length; i++) {
			if (one[i] != two[i])
				return false;
		}
		return true;
	}

	public static void appendEscapedChar(StringBuffer buffer, char c, boolean stringLiteral) {
		switch (c) {
			case '\b' :
				buffer.append("\\b"); //$NON-NLS-1$
				break;
			case '\t' :
				buffer.append("\\t"); //$NON-NLS-1$
				break;
			case '\n' :
				buffer.append("\\n"); //$NON-NLS-1$
				break;
			case '\f' :
				buffer.append("\\f"); //$NON-NLS-1$
				break;
			case '\r' :
				buffer.append("\\r"); //$NON-NLS-1$
				break;
			case '\"':
				if (stringLiteral) {
					buffer.append("\\\""); //$NON-NLS-1$
				} else {
					buffer.append(c);
				}
				break;
			case '\'':
				if (stringLiteral) {
					buffer.append(c);
				} else {
					buffer.append("\\\'"); //$NON-NLS-1$
				}
				break;
			case '\\':
				buffer.append("\\\\"); //$NON-NLS-1$
				break;
			default:
				if (c >= 0x20) {
					buffer.append(c);
				} else if (c >= 0x10) {
					buffer.append("\\u00").append(Integer.toHexString(c)); //$NON-NLS-1$
				} else if (c >= 0) {
					buffer.append("\\u000").append(Integer.toHexString(c)); //$NON-NLS-1$
				} else {
					buffer.append(c);
				}
		}
	}

	private static IllegalArgumentException newIllegalArgumentException(char[] string, int start) {
		return new IllegalArgumentException("\"" + String.valueOf(string) + "\" at " + start); //$NON-NLS-1$ //$NON-NLS-2$
	}
}