go/types/api.go

// Copyright 2012 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

// Package types declares the data types and implements
// the algorithms for type-checking of Go packages. Use
// Config.Check to invoke the type checker for a package.
// Alternatively, create a new type checker with NewChecker
// and invoke it incrementally by calling Checker.Files.
//
// Type-checking consists of several interdependent phases:
//
// Name resolution maps each identifier (ast.Ident) in the program to the
// language object (Object) it denotes.
// Use Info.{Defs,Uses,Implicits} for the results of name resolution.
//
// Constant folding computes the exact constant value (constant.Value)
// for every expression (ast.Expr) that is a compile-time constant.
// Use Info.Types[expr].Value for the results of constant folding.
//
// Type inference computes the type (Type) of every expression (ast.Expr)
// and checks for compliance with the language specification.
// Use Info.Types[expr].Type for the results of type inference.
//
// For a tutorial, see https://golang.org/s/types-tutorial.
//
package types

import (
	"bytes"
	"fmt"
	"go/ast"
	"go/constant"
	"go/token"
	_ "unsafe" // for go:linkname
)

// An Error describes a type-checking error; it implements the error interface.
// A "soft" error is an error that still permits a valid interpretation of a
// package (such as "unused variable"); "hard" errors may lead to unpredictable
// behavior if ignored.
type Error struct {
	Fset *token.FileSet // file set for interpretation of Pos
	Pos  token.Pos      // error position
	Msg  string         // error message
	Soft bool           // if set, error is "soft"

	// go116code is a future API, unexported as the set of error codes is large
	// and likely to change significantly during experimentation. Tools wishing
	// to preview this feature may read go116code using reflection (see
	// errorcodes_test.go), but beware that there is no guarantee of future
	// compatibility.
	go116code  errorCode
	go116start token.Pos
	go116end   token.Pos
}

// Error returns an error string formatted as follows:
// filename:line:column: message
func (err Error) Error() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("%s: %s", err.Fset.Position(err.Pos), err.Msg)
}

// An Importer resolves import paths to Packages.
//
// CAUTION: This interface does not support the import of locally
// vendored packages. See https://golang.org/s/go15vendor.
// If possible, external implementations should implement ImporterFrom.
type Importer interface {
	// Import returns the imported package for the given import path.
	// The semantics is like for ImporterFrom.ImportFrom except that
	// dir and mode are ignored (since they are not present).
	Import(path string) (*Package, error)
}

// ImportMode is reserved for future use.
type ImportMode int

// An ImporterFrom resolves import paths to packages; it
// supports vendoring per https://golang.org/s/go15vendor.
// Use go/importer to obtain an ImporterFrom implementation.
type ImporterFrom interface {
	// Importer is present for backward-compatibility. Calling
	// Import(path) is the same as calling ImportFrom(path, "", 0);
	// i.e., locally vendored packages may not be found.
	// The types package does not call Import if an ImporterFrom
	// is present.
	Importer

	// ImportFrom returns the imported package for the given import
	// path when imported by a package file located in dir.
	// If the import failed, besides returning an error, ImportFrom
	// is encouraged to cache and return a package anyway, if one
	// was created. This will reduce package inconsistencies and
	// follow-on type checker errors due to the missing package.
	// The mode value must be 0; it is reserved for future use.
	// Two calls to ImportFrom with the same path and dir must
	// return the same package.
	ImportFrom(path, dir string, mode ImportMode) (*Package, error)
}

// A Config specifies the configuration for type checking.
// The zero value for Config is a ready-to-use default configuration.
type Config struct {
	// goVersion describes the accepted Go language version. The string
	// must follow the format "go%d.%d" (e.g. "go1.12") or it must be
	// empty; an empty string indicates the latest language version.
	// If the format is invalid, invoking the type checker will cause a
	// panic.
	goVersion string

	// If IgnoreFuncBodies is set, function bodies are not
	// type-checked.
	IgnoreFuncBodies bool

	// If FakeImportC is set, `import "C"` (for packages requiring Cgo)
	// declares an empty "C" package and errors are omitted for qualified
	// identifiers referring to package C (which won't find an object).
	// This feature is intended for the standard library cmd/api tool.
	//
	// Caution: Effects may be unpredictable due to follow-on errors.
	//          Do not use casually!
	FakeImportC bool

	// If go115UsesCgo is set, the type checker expects the
	// _cgo_gotypes.go file generated by running cmd/cgo to be
	// provided as a package source file. Qualified identifiers
	// referring to package C will be resolved to cgo-provided
	// declarations within _cgo_gotypes.go.
	//
	// It is an error to set both FakeImportC and go115UsesCgo.
	go115UsesCgo bool

	// If Error != nil, it is called with each error found
	// during type checking; err has dynamic type Error.
	// Secondary errors (for instance, to enumerate all types
	// involved in an invalid recursive type declaration) have
	// error strings that start with a '\t' character.
	// If Error == nil, type-checking stops with the first
	// error found.
	Error func(err error)

	// An importer is used to import packages referred to from
	// import declarations.
	// If the installed importer implements ImporterFrom, the type
	// checker calls ImportFrom instead of Import.
	// The type checker reports an error if an importer is needed
	// but none was installed.
	Importer Importer

	// If Sizes != nil, it provides the sizing functions for package unsafe.
	// Otherwise SizesFor("gc", "amd64") is used instead.
	Sizes Sizes

	// If DisableUnusedImportCheck is set, packages are not checked
	// for unused imports.
	DisableUnusedImportCheck bool
}

//go:linkname srcimporter_setUsesCgo
func srcimporter_setUsesCgo(conf *Config) {
	conf.go115UsesCgo = true
}

// The Info struct is found in api_notypeparams.go and api_typeparams.go.

// TypeOf returns the type of expression e, or nil if not found.
// Precondition: the Types, Uses and Defs maps are populated.
//
func (info *Info) TypeOf(e ast.Expr) Type {
	if t, ok := info.Types[e]; ok {
		return t.Type
	}
	if id, _ := e.(*ast.Ident); id != nil {
		if obj := info.ObjectOf(id); obj != nil {
			return obj.Type()
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// ObjectOf returns the object denoted by the specified id,
// or nil if not found.
//
// If id is an embedded struct field, ObjectOf returns the field (*Var)
// it defines, not the type (*TypeName) it uses.
//
// Precondition: the Uses and Defs maps are populated.
//
func (info *Info) ObjectOf(id *ast.Ident) Object {
	if obj := info.Defs[id]; obj != nil {
		return obj
	}
	return info.Uses[id]
}

// TypeAndValue reports the type and value (for constants)
// of the corresponding expression.
type TypeAndValue struct {
	mode  operandMode
	Type  Type
	Value constant.Value
}

// IsVoid reports whether the corresponding expression
// is a function call without results.
func (tv TypeAndValue) IsVoid() bool {
	return tv.mode == novalue
}

// IsType reports whether the corresponding expression specifies a type.
func (tv TypeAndValue) IsType() bool {
	return tv.mode == typexpr
}

// IsBuiltin reports whether the corresponding expression denotes
// a (possibly parenthesized) built-in function.
func (tv TypeAndValue) IsBuiltin() bool {
	return tv.mode == builtin
}

// IsValue reports whether the corresponding expression is a value.
// Builtins are not considered values. Constant values have a non-
// nil Value.
func (tv TypeAndValue) IsValue() bool {
	switch tv.mode {
	case constant_, variable, mapindex, value, commaok, commaerr:
		return true
	}
	return false
}

// IsNil reports whether the corresponding expression denotes the
// predeclared value nil.
func (tv TypeAndValue) IsNil() bool {
	return tv.mode == value && tv.Type == Typ[UntypedNil]
}

// Addressable reports whether the corresponding expression
// is addressable (https://golang.org/ref/spec#Address_operators).
func (tv TypeAndValue) Addressable() bool {
	return tv.mode == variable
}

// Assignable reports whether the corresponding expression
// is assignable to (provided a value of the right type).
func (tv TypeAndValue) Assignable() bool {
	return tv.mode == variable || tv.mode == mapindex
}

// HasOk reports whether the corresponding expression may be
// used on the rhs of a comma-ok assignment.
func (tv TypeAndValue) HasOk() bool {
	return tv.mode == commaok || tv.mode == mapindex
}

// _Inferred reports the _Inferred type arguments and signature
// for a parameterized function call that uses type inference.
type _Inferred struct {
	Targs []Type
	Sig   *Signature
}

// An Initializer describes a package-level variable, or a list of variables in case
// of a multi-valued initialization expression, and the corresponding initialization
// expression.
type Initializer struct {
	Lhs []*Var // var Lhs = Rhs
	Rhs ast.Expr
}

func (init *Initializer) String() string {
	var buf bytes.Buffer
	for i, lhs := range init.Lhs {
		if i > 0 {
			buf.WriteString(", ")
		}
		buf.WriteString(lhs.Name())
	}
	buf.WriteString(" = ")
	WriteExpr(&buf, init.Rhs)
	return buf.String()
}

// Check type-checks a package and returns the resulting package object and
// the first error if any. Additionally, if info != nil, Check populates each
// of the non-nil maps in the Info struct.
//
// The package is marked as complete if no errors occurred, otherwise it is
// incomplete. See Config.Error for controlling behavior in the presence of
// errors.
//
// The package is specified by a list of *ast.Files and corresponding
// file set, and the package path the package is identified with.
// The clean path must not be empty or dot (".").
func (conf *Config) Check(path string, fset *token.FileSet, files []*ast.File, info *Info) (*Package, error) {
	pkg := NewPackage(path, "")
	return pkg, NewChecker(conf, fset, pkg, info).Files(files)
}

// AssertableTo reports whether a value of type V can be asserted to have type T.
func AssertableTo(V *Interface, T Type) bool {
	m, _ := (*Checker)(nil).assertableTo(V, T)
	return m == nil
}

// AssignableTo reports whether a value of type V is assignable to a variable of type T.
func AssignableTo(V, T Type) bool {
	x := operand{mode: value, typ: V}
	ok, _ := x.assignableTo(nil, T, nil) // check not needed for non-constant x
	return ok
}

// ConvertibleTo reports whether a value of type V is convertible to a value of type T.
func ConvertibleTo(V, T Type) bool {
	x := operand{mode: value, typ: V}
	return x.convertibleTo(nil, T, nil) // check not needed for non-constant x
}

// Implements reports whether type V implements interface T.
func Implements(V Type, T *Interface) bool {
	f, _ := MissingMethod(V, T, true)
	return f == nil
}

// Identical reports whether x and y are identical types.
// Receivers of Signature types are ignored.
func Identical(x, y Type) bool {
	return (*Checker)(nil).identical(x, y)
}

// IdenticalIgnoreTags reports whether x and y are identical types if tags are ignored.
// Receivers of Signature types are ignored.
func IdenticalIgnoreTags(x, y Type) bool {
	return (*Checker)(nil).identicalIgnoreTags(x, y)
}