1 // Locale support -*- C++ -*-
2 
3 // Copyright (C) 1997-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 //
5 // This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
6 // software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
7 // terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
8 // Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
9 // any later version.
10 
11 // This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
14 // GNU General Public License for more details.
15 
16 // Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
17 // permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
18 // 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
19 
20 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
21 // a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
22 // see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
23 // <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
24 
25 /** @file bits/locale_classes.h
26  *  This is an internal header file, included by other library headers.
27  *  Do not attempt to use it directly. @headername{locale}
28  */
29 
30 //
31 // ISO C++ 14882: 22.1  Locales
32 //
33 
34 #ifndef _LOCALE_CLASSES_H
35 #define _LOCALE_CLASSES_H 1
36 
37 #pragma GCC system_header
38 
39 #include <bits/localefwd.h>
40 #include <string>
41 #include <ext/atomicity.h>
42 
_GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)43 namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
44 {
45 _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
46 
47   // 22.1.1 Class locale
48   /**
49    *  @brief  Container class for localization functionality.
50    *  @ingroup locales
51    *
52    *  The locale class is first a class wrapper for C library locales.  It is
53    *  also an extensible container for user-defined localization.  A locale is
54    *  a collection of facets that implement various localization features such
55    *  as money, time, and number printing.
56    *
57    *  Constructing C++ locales does not change the C library locale.
58    *
59    *  This library supports efficient construction and copying of locales
60    *  through a reference counting implementation of the locale class.
61   */
62   class locale
63   {
64   public:
65     // Types:
66     /// Definition of locale::category.
67     typedef int	category;
68 
69     // Forward decls and friends:
70     class facet;
71     class id;
72     class _Impl;
73 
74     friend class facet;
75     friend class _Impl;
76 
77     template<typename _Facet>
78       friend bool
79       has_facet(const locale&) throw();
80 
81     template<typename _Facet>
82       friend const _Facet&
83       use_facet(const locale&);
84 
85     template<typename _Cache>
86       friend struct __use_cache;
87 
88     ///@{
89     /**
90      *  @brief  Category values.
91      *
92      *  The standard category values are none, ctype, numeric, collate, time,
93      *  monetary, and messages.  They form a bitmask that supports union and
94      *  intersection.  The category all is the union of these values.
95      *
96      *  NB: Order must match _S_facet_categories definition in locale.cc
97     */
98     static const category none		= 0;
99     static const category ctype		= 1L << 0;
100     static const category numeric	= 1L << 1;
101     static const category collate	= 1L << 2;
102     static const category time		= 1L << 3;
103     static const category monetary	= 1L << 4;
104     static const category messages	= 1L << 5;
105     static const category all		= (ctype | numeric | collate |
106 					   time  | monetary | messages);
107     ///@}
108 
109     // Construct/copy/destroy:
110 
111     /**
112      *  @brief  Default constructor.
113      *
114      *  Constructs a copy of the global locale.  If no locale has been
115      *  explicitly set, this is the C locale.
116     */
117     locale() throw();
118 
119     /**
120      *  @brief  Copy constructor.
121      *
122      *  Constructs a copy of @a other.
123      *
124      *  @param  __other  The locale to copy.
125     */
126     locale(const locale& __other) throw();
127 
128     /**
129      *  @brief  Named locale constructor.
130      *
131      *  Constructs a copy of the named C library locale.
132      *
133      *  @param  __s  Name of the locale to construct.
134      *  @throw  std::runtime_error if __s is null or an undefined locale.
135     */
136     explicit
137     locale(const char* __s);
138 
139     /**
140      *  @brief  Construct locale with facets from another locale.
141      *
142      *  Constructs a copy of the locale @a base.  The facets specified by @a
143      *  cat are replaced with those from the locale named by @a s.  If base is
144      *  named, this locale instance will also be named.
145      *
146      *  @param  __base  The locale to copy.
147      *  @param  __s  Name of the locale to use facets from.
148      *  @param  __cat  Set of categories defining the facets to use from __s.
149      *  @throw  std::runtime_error if __s is null or an undefined locale.
150     */
151     locale(const locale& __base, const char* __s, category __cat);
152 
153 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
154     /**
155      *  @brief  Named locale constructor.
156      *
157      *  Constructs a copy of the named C library locale.
158      *
159      *  @param  __s  Name of the locale to construct.
160      *  @throw  std::runtime_error if __s is an undefined locale.
161     */
162     explicit
163     locale(const std::string& __s) : locale(__s.c_str()) { }
164 
165     /**
166      *  @brief  Construct locale with facets from another locale.
167      *
168      *  Constructs a copy of the locale @a base.  The facets specified by @a
169      *  cat are replaced with those from the locale named by @a s.  If base is
170      *  named, this locale instance will also be named.
171      *
172      *  @param  __base  The locale to copy.
173      *  @param  __s  Name of the locale to use facets from.
174      *  @param  __cat  Set of categories defining the facets to use from __s.
175      *  @throw  std::runtime_error if __s is an undefined locale.
176     */
177     locale(const locale& __base, const std::string& __s, category __cat)
178     : locale(__base, __s.c_str(), __cat) { }
179 #endif
180 
181     /**
182      *  @brief  Construct locale with facets from another locale.
183      *
184      *  Constructs a copy of the locale @a base.  The facets specified by @a
185      *  cat are replaced with those from the locale @a add.  If @a base and @a
186      *  add are named, this locale instance will also be named.
187      *
188      *  @param  __base  The locale to copy.
189      *  @param  __add  The locale to use facets from.
190      *  @param  __cat  Set of categories defining the facets to use from add.
191     */
192     locale(const locale& __base, const locale& __add, category __cat);
193 
194     /**
195      *  @brief  Construct locale with another facet.
196      *
197      *  Constructs a copy of the locale @a __other.  The facet @a __f
198      *  is added to @a __other, replacing an existing facet of type
199      *  Facet if there is one.  If @a __f is null, this locale is a
200      *  copy of @a __other.
201      *
202      *  @param  __other  The locale to copy.
203      *  @param  __f  The facet to add in.
204     */
205     template<typename _Facet>
206       locale(const locale& __other, _Facet* __f);
207 
208     /// Locale destructor.
209     ~locale() throw();
210 
211     /**
212      *  @brief  Assignment operator.
213      *
214      *  Set this locale to be a copy of @a other.
215      *
216      *  @param  __other  The locale to copy.
217      *  @return  A reference to this locale.
218     */
219     const locale&
220     operator=(const locale& __other) throw();
221 
222     /**
223      *  @brief  Construct locale with another facet.
224      *
225      *  Constructs and returns a new copy of this locale.  Adds or replaces an
226      *  existing facet of type Facet from the locale @a other into the new
227      *  locale.
228      *
229      *  @tparam  _Facet  The facet type to copy from other
230      *  @param  __other  The locale to copy from.
231      *  @return  Newly constructed locale.
232      *  @throw  std::runtime_error if __other has no facet of type _Facet.
233     */
234     template<typename _Facet>
235       locale
236       combine(const locale& __other) const;
237 
238     // Locale operations:
239     /**
240      *  @brief  Return locale name.
241      *  @return  Locale name or "*" if unnamed.
242     */
243     _GLIBCXX_DEFAULT_ABI_TAG
244     string
245     name() const;
246 
247     /**
248      *  @brief  Locale equality.
249      *
250      *  @param  __other  The locale to compare against.
251      *  @return  True if other and this refer to the same locale instance, are
252      *		 copies, or have the same name.  False otherwise.
253     */
254     bool
255     operator==(const locale& __other) const throw();
256 
257 #if __cpp_impl_three_way_comparison < 201907L
258     /**
259      *  @brief  Locale inequality.
260      *
261      *  @param  __other  The locale to compare against.
262      *  @return  ! (*this == __other)
263     */
264     bool
265     operator!=(const locale& __other) const throw()
266     { return !(this->operator==(__other)); }
267 #endif
268 
269     /**
270      *  @brief  Compare two strings according to collate.
271      *
272      *  Template operator to compare two strings using the compare function of
273      *  the collate facet in this locale.  One use is to provide the locale to
274      *  the sort function.  For example, a vector v of strings could be sorted
275      *  according to locale loc by doing:
276      *  @code
277      *  std::sort(v.begin(), v.end(), loc);
278      *  @endcode
279      *
280      *  @param  __s1  First string to compare.
281      *  @param  __s2  Second string to compare.
282      *  @return  True if collate<_Char> facet compares __s1 < __s2, else false.
283     */
284     template<typename _Char, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
285       bool
286       operator()(const basic_string<_Char, _Traits, _Alloc>& __s1,
287 		 const basic_string<_Char, _Traits, _Alloc>& __s2) const;
288 
289     // Global locale objects:
290     /**
291      *  @brief  Set global locale
292      *
293      *  This function sets the global locale to the argument and returns a
294      *  copy of the previous global locale.  If the argument has a name, it
295      *  will also call std::setlocale(LC_ALL, loc.name()).
296      *
297      *  @param  __loc  The new locale to make global.
298      *  @return  Copy of the old global locale.
299     */
300     static locale
301     global(const locale& __loc);
302 
303     /**
304      *  @brief  Return reference to the C locale.
305     */
306     static const locale&
307     classic();
308 
309   private:
310     // The (shared) implementation
311     _Impl*		_M_impl;
312 
313     // The "C" reference locale
314     static _Impl*       _S_classic;
315 
316     // Current global locale
317     static _Impl*	_S_global;
318 
319     // Names of underlying locale categories.
320     // NB: locale::global() has to know how to modify all the
321     // underlying categories, not just the ones required by the C++
322     // standard.
323     static const char* const* const _S_categories;
324 
325     // Number of standard categories. For C++, these categories are
326     // collate, ctype, monetary, numeric, time, and messages. These
327     // directly correspond to ISO C99 macros LC_COLLATE, LC_CTYPE,
328     // LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC, and LC_TIME. In addition, POSIX (IEEE
329     // 1003.1-2001) specifies LC_MESSAGES.
330     // In addition to the standard categories, the underlying
331     // operating system is allowed to define extra LC_*
332     // macros. For GNU systems, the following are also valid:
333     // LC_PAPER, LC_NAME, LC_ADDRESS, LC_TELEPHONE, LC_MEASUREMENT,
334     // and LC_IDENTIFICATION.
335     enum { _S_categories_size = 6 + _GLIBCXX_NUM_CATEGORIES };
336 
337 #ifdef __GTHREADS
338     static __gthread_once_t _S_once;
339 #endif
340 
341     explicit
342     locale(_Impl*) throw();
343 
344     static void
345     _S_initialize();
346 
347     static void
348     _S_initialize_once() throw();
349 
350     static category
351     _S_normalize_category(category);
352 
353     void
354     _M_coalesce(const locale& __base, const locale& __add, category __cat);
355 
356 #if _GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI
357     static const id* const _S_twinned_facets[];
358 #endif
359   };
360 
361 
362   // 22.1.1.1.2  Class locale::facet
363   /**
364    *  @brief  Localization functionality base class.
365    *  @ingroup locales
366    *
367    *  The facet class is the base class for a localization feature, such as
368    *  money, time, and number printing.  It provides common support for facets
369    *  and reference management.
370    *
371    *  Facets may not be copied or assigned.
372   */
373   class locale::facet
374   {
375   private:
376     friend class locale;
377     friend class locale::_Impl;
378 
379     mutable _Atomic_word		_M_refcount;
380 
381     // Contains data from the underlying "C" library for the classic locale.
382     static __c_locale                   _S_c_locale;
383 
384     // String literal for the name of the classic locale.
385     static const char			_S_c_name[2];
386 
387 #ifdef __GTHREADS
388     static __gthread_once_t		_S_once;
389 #endif
390 
391     static void
392     _S_initialize_once();
393 
394   protected:
395     /**
396      *  @brief  Facet constructor.
397      *
398      *  This is the constructor provided by the standard.  If refs is 0, the
399      *  facet is destroyed when the last referencing locale is destroyed.
400      *  Otherwise the facet will never be destroyed.
401      *
402      *  @param __refs  The initial value for reference count.
403     */
404     explicit
405     facet(size_t __refs = 0) throw() : _M_refcount(__refs ? 1 : 0)
406     { }
407 
408     /// Facet destructor.
409     virtual
410     ~facet();
411 
412     static void
413     _S_create_c_locale(__c_locale& __cloc, const char* __s,
414 		       __c_locale __old = 0);
415 
416     static __c_locale
417     _S_clone_c_locale(__c_locale& __cloc) throw();
418 
419     static void
420     _S_destroy_c_locale(__c_locale& __cloc);
421 
422     static __c_locale
423     _S_lc_ctype_c_locale(__c_locale __cloc, const char* __s);
424 
425     // Returns data from the underlying "C" library data for the
426     // classic locale.
427     static __c_locale
428     _S_get_c_locale();
429 
430     _GLIBCXX_CONST static const char*
431     _S_get_c_name() throw();
432 
433 #if __cplusplus < 201103L
434   private:
435     facet(const facet&);  // Not defined.
436 
437     facet&
438     operator=(const facet&);  // Not defined.
439 #else
440     facet(const facet&) = delete;
441 
442     facet&
443     operator=(const facet&) = delete;
444 #endif
445 
446   private:
447     void
448     _M_add_reference() const throw()
449     { __gnu_cxx::__atomic_add_dispatch(&_M_refcount, 1); }
450 
451     void
452     _M_remove_reference() const throw()
453     {
454       // Be race-detector-friendly.  For more info see bits/c++config.
455       _GLIBCXX_SYNCHRONIZATION_HAPPENS_BEFORE(&_M_refcount);
456       if (__gnu_cxx::__exchange_and_add_dispatch(&_M_refcount, -1) == 1)
457 	{
458           _GLIBCXX_SYNCHRONIZATION_HAPPENS_AFTER(&_M_refcount);
459 	  __try
460 	    { delete this; }
461 	  __catch(...)
462 	    { }
463 	}
464     }
465 
466     const facet* _M_sso_shim(const id*) const;
467     const facet* _M_cow_shim(const id*) const;
468 
469   protected:
470     class __shim; // For internal use only.
471   };
472 
473 
474   // 22.1.1.1.3 Class locale::id
475   /**
476    *  @brief  Facet ID class.
477    *  @ingroup locales
478    *
479    *  The ID class provides facets with an index used to identify them.
480    *  Every facet class must define a public static member locale::id, or be
481    *  derived from a facet that provides this member, otherwise the facet
482    *  cannot be used in a locale.  The locale::id ensures that each class
483    *  type gets a unique identifier.
484   */
485   class locale::id
486   {
487   private:
488     friend class locale;
489     friend class locale::_Impl;
490 
491     template<typename _Facet>
492       friend const _Facet&
493       use_facet(const locale&);
494 
495     template<typename _Facet>
496       friend bool
497       has_facet(const locale&) throw();
498 
499     // NB: There is no accessor for _M_index because it may be used
500     // before the constructor is run; the effect of calling a member
501     // function (even an inline) would be undefined.
502     mutable size_t		_M_index;
503 
504     // Last id number assigned.
505     static _Atomic_word		_S_refcount;
506 
507     void
508     operator=(const id&);  // Not defined.
509 
510     id(const id&);  // Not defined.
511 
512   public:
513     // NB: This class is always a static data member, and thus can be
514     // counted on to be zero-initialized.
515     /// Constructor.
516     id() { }
517 
518     size_t
519     _M_id() const throw();
520   };
521 
522 
523   // Implementation object for locale.
524   class locale::_Impl
525   {
526   public:
527     // Friends.
528     friend class locale;
529     friend class locale::facet;
530 
531     template<typename _Facet>
532       friend bool
533       has_facet(const locale&) throw();
534 
535     template<typename _Facet>
536       friend const _Facet&
537       use_facet(const locale&);
538 
539     template<typename _Cache>
540       friend struct __use_cache;
541 
542   private:
543     // Data Members.
544     _Atomic_word			_M_refcount;
545     const facet**			_M_facets;
546     size_t				_M_facets_size;
547     const facet**			_M_caches;
548     char**				_M_names;
549     static const locale::id* const	_S_id_ctype[];
550     static const locale::id* const	_S_id_numeric[];
551     static const locale::id* const	_S_id_collate[];
552     static const locale::id* const	_S_id_time[];
553     static const locale::id* const	_S_id_monetary[];
554     static const locale::id* const	_S_id_messages[];
555     static const locale::id* const* const _S_facet_categories[];
556 
557     void
558     _M_add_reference() throw()
559     { __gnu_cxx::__atomic_add_dispatch(&_M_refcount, 1); }
560 
561     void
562     _M_remove_reference() throw()
563     {
564       // Be race-detector-friendly.  For more info see bits/c++config.
565       _GLIBCXX_SYNCHRONIZATION_HAPPENS_BEFORE(&_M_refcount);
566       if (__gnu_cxx::__exchange_and_add_dispatch(&_M_refcount, -1) == 1)
567 	{
568           _GLIBCXX_SYNCHRONIZATION_HAPPENS_AFTER(&_M_refcount);
569 	  __try
570 	    { delete this; }
571 	  __catch(...)
572 	    { }
573 	}
574     }
575 
576     _Impl(const _Impl&, size_t);
577     _Impl(const char*, size_t);
578     _Impl(size_t) throw();
579 
580    ~_Impl() throw();
581 
582     _Impl(const _Impl&);  // Not defined.
583 
584     void
585     operator=(const _Impl&);  // Not defined.
586 
587     bool
588     _M_check_same_name()
589     {
590       bool __ret = true;
591       if (_M_names[1])
592 	// We must actually compare all the _M_names: can be all equal!
593 	for (size_t __i = 0; __ret && __i < _S_categories_size - 1; ++__i)
594 	  __ret = __builtin_strcmp(_M_names[__i], _M_names[__i + 1]) == 0;
595       return __ret;
596     }
597 
598     void
599     _M_replace_categories(const _Impl*, category);
600 
601     void
602     _M_replace_category(const _Impl*, const locale::id* const*);
603 
604     void
605     _M_replace_facet(const _Impl*, const locale::id*);
606 
607     void
608     _M_install_facet(const locale::id*, const facet*);
609 
610     template<typename _Facet>
611       void
612       _M_init_facet(_Facet* __facet)
613       { _M_install_facet(&_Facet::id, __facet); }
614 
615     template<typename _Facet>
616       void
617       _M_init_facet_unchecked(_Facet* __facet)
618       {
619 	__facet->_M_add_reference();
620 	_M_facets[_Facet::id._M_id()] = __facet;
621       }
622 
623     void
624     _M_install_cache(const facet*, size_t);
625 
626     void _M_init_extra(facet**);
627     void _M_init_extra(void*, void*, const char*, const char*);
628 
629 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_LONG_DOUBLE_ALT128_COMPAT
630     void _M_init_extra_ldbl128(bool);
631 #endif
632   };
633 
634 
635   /**
636    *  @brief  Facet for localized string comparison.
637    *
638    *  This facet encapsulates the code to compare strings in a localized
639    *  manner.
640    *
641    *  The collate template uses protected virtual functions to provide
642    *  the actual results.  The public accessors forward the call to
643    *  the virtual functions.  These virtual functions are hooks for
644    *  developers to implement the behavior they require from the
645    *  collate facet.
646   */
647   template<typename _CharT>
648     class _GLIBCXX_NAMESPACE_CXX11 collate : public locale::facet
649     {
650     public:
651       // Types:
652       ///@{
653       /// Public typedefs
654       typedef _CharT			char_type;
655       typedef basic_string<_CharT>	string_type;
656       ///@}
657 
658     protected:
659       // Underlying "C" library locale information saved from
660       // initialization, needed by collate_byname as well.
661       __c_locale			_M_c_locale_collate;
662 
663     public:
664       /// Numpunct facet id.
665       static locale::id			id;
666 
667       /**
668        *  @brief  Constructor performs initialization.
669        *
670        *  This is the constructor provided by the standard.
671        *
672        *  @param __refs  Passed to the base facet class.
673       */
674       explicit
675       collate(size_t __refs = 0)
676       : facet(__refs), _M_c_locale_collate(_S_get_c_locale())
677       { }
678 
679       /**
680        *  @brief  Internal constructor. Not for general use.
681        *
682        *  This is a constructor for use by the library itself to set up new
683        *  locales.
684        *
685        *  @param __cloc  The C locale.
686        *  @param __refs  Passed to the base facet class.
687       */
688       explicit
689       collate(__c_locale __cloc, size_t __refs = 0)
690       : facet(__refs), _M_c_locale_collate(_S_clone_c_locale(__cloc))
691       { }
692 
693       /**
694        *  @brief  Compare two strings.
695        *
696        *  This function compares two strings and returns the result by calling
697        *  collate::do_compare().
698        *
699        *  @param __lo1  Start of string 1.
700        *  @param __hi1  End of string 1.
701        *  @param __lo2  Start of string 2.
702        *  @param __hi2  End of string 2.
703        *  @return  1 if string1 > string2, -1 if string1 < string2, else 0.
704       */
705       int
706       compare(const _CharT* __lo1, const _CharT* __hi1,
707 	      const _CharT* __lo2, const _CharT* __hi2) const
708       { return this->do_compare(__lo1, __hi1, __lo2, __hi2); }
709 
710       /**
711        *  @brief  Transform string to comparable form.
712        *
713        *  This function is a wrapper for strxfrm functionality.  It takes the
714        *  input string and returns a modified string that can be directly
715        *  compared to other transformed strings.  In the C locale, this
716        *  function just returns a copy of the input string.  In some other
717        *  locales, it may replace two chars with one, change a char for
718        *  another, etc.  It does so by returning collate::do_transform().
719        *
720        *  @param __lo  Start of string.
721        *  @param __hi  End of string.
722        *  @return  Transformed string_type.
723       */
724       string_type
725       transform(const _CharT* __lo, const _CharT* __hi) const
726       { return this->do_transform(__lo, __hi); }
727 
728       /**
729        *  @brief  Return hash of a string.
730        *
731        *  This function computes and returns a hash on the input string.  It
732        *  does so by returning collate::do_hash().
733        *
734        *  @param __lo  Start of string.
735        *  @param __hi  End of string.
736        *  @return  Hash value.
737       */
738       long
739       hash(const _CharT* __lo, const _CharT* __hi) const
740       { return this->do_hash(__lo, __hi); }
741 
742       // Used to abstract out _CharT bits in virtual member functions, below.
743       int
744       _M_compare(const _CharT*, const _CharT*) const throw();
745 
746       size_t
747       _M_transform(_CharT*, const _CharT*, size_t) const throw();
748 
749   protected:
750       /// Destructor.
751       virtual
752       ~collate()
753       { _S_destroy_c_locale(_M_c_locale_collate); }
754 
755       /**
756        *  @brief  Compare two strings.
757        *
758        *  This function is a hook for derived classes to change the value
759        *  returned.  @see compare().
760        *
761        *  @param __lo1  Start of string 1.
762        *  @param __hi1  End of string 1.
763        *  @param __lo2  Start of string 2.
764        *  @param __hi2  End of string 2.
765        *  @return  1 if string1 > string2, -1 if string1 < string2, else 0.
766       */
767       virtual int
768       do_compare(const _CharT* __lo1, const _CharT* __hi1,
769 		 const _CharT* __lo2, const _CharT* __hi2) const;
770 
771       /**
772        *  @brief  Transform string to comparable form.
773        *
774        *  This function is a hook for derived classes to change the value
775        *  returned.
776        *
777        *  @param __lo  Start.
778        *  @param __hi  End.
779        *  @return  transformed string.
780       */
781       virtual string_type
782       do_transform(const _CharT* __lo, const _CharT* __hi) const;
783 
784       /**
785        *  @brief  Return hash of a string.
786        *
787        *  This function computes and returns a hash on the input string.  This
788        *  function is a hook for derived classes to change the value returned.
789        *
790        *  @param __lo  Start of string.
791        *  @param __hi  End of string.
792        *  @return  Hash value.
793       */
794       virtual long
795       do_hash(const _CharT* __lo, const _CharT* __hi) const;
796     };
797 
798   template<typename _CharT>
799     locale::id collate<_CharT>::id;
800 
801   // Specializations.
802   template<>
803     int
804     collate<char>::_M_compare(const char*, const char*) const throw();
805 
806   template<>
807     size_t
808     collate<char>::_M_transform(char*, const char*, size_t) const throw();
809 
810 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
811   template<>
812     int
813     collate<wchar_t>::_M_compare(const wchar_t*, const wchar_t*) const throw();
814 
815   template<>
816     size_t
817     collate<wchar_t>::_M_transform(wchar_t*, const wchar_t*, size_t) const throw();
818 #endif
819 
820   /// class collate_byname [22.2.4.2].
821   template<typename _CharT>
822     class _GLIBCXX_NAMESPACE_CXX11 collate_byname : public collate<_CharT>
823     {
824     public:
825       ///@{
826       /// Public typedefs
827       typedef _CharT               char_type;
828       typedef basic_string<_CharT> string_type;
829       ///@}
830 
831       explicit
832       collate_byname(const char* __s, size_t __refs = 0)
833       : collate<_CharT>(__refs)
834       {
835 	if (__builtin_strcmp(__s, "C") != 0
836 	    && __builtin_strcmp(__s, "POSIX") != 0)
837 	  {
838 	    this->_S_destroy_c_locale(this->_M_c_locale_collate);
839 	    this->_S_create_c_locale(this->_M_c_locale_collate, __s);
840 	  }
841       }
842 
843 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
844       explicit
845       collate_byname(const string& __s, size_t __refs = 0)
846       : collate_byname(__s.c_str(), __refs) { }
847 #endif
848 
849     protected:
850       virtual
851       ~collate_byname() { }
852     };
853 
854 _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
855 } // namespace
856 
857 # include <bits/locale_classes.tcc>
858 
859 #endif
860