1------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2--                                                                          --
3--                 GNAT RUN-TIME LIBRARY (GNARL) COMPONENTS                 --
4--                                                                          --
5--                 S Y S T E M . T A S K I N G . S T A G E S                --
6--                                                                          --
7--                                  S p e c                                 --
8--                                                                          --
9--          Copyright (C) 1992-2012, Free Software Foundation, Inc.         --
10--                                                                          --
11-- GNARL is free software; you can  redistribute it  and/or modify it under --
12-- terms of the  GNU General Public License as published  by the Free Soft- --
13-- ware  Foundation;  either version 3,  or (at your option) any later ver- --
14-- sion.  GNAT is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITH- --
15-- OUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY --
16-- or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.                                     --
17--                                                                          --
18-- As a special exception under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted --
19-- additional permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception,   --
20-- version 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.               --
21--                                                                          --
22-- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and    --
23-- a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;     --
24-- see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see    --
25-- <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.                                          --
26--                                                                          --
27-- GNARL was developed by the GNARL team at Florida State University.       --
28-- Extensive contributions were provided by Ada Core Technologies, Inc.     --
29--                                                                          --
30------------------------------------------------------------------------------
31
32--  This package represents the high level tasking interface used by the
33--  compiler to expand Ada 95 tasking constructs into simpler run time calls
34--  (aka GNARLI, GNU Ada Run-time Library Interface)
35
36--  Note: Only the compiler is allowed to use this interface, by generating
37--  direct calls to it, via Rtsfind.
38
39--  Any changes to this interface may require corresponding compiler changes
40--  in exp_ch9.adb and possibly exp_ch7.adb
41
42with System.Task_Info;
43with System.Parameters;
44
45with Ada.Real_Time;
46
47package System.Tasking.Stages is
48   pragma Elaborate_Body;
49
50   --   The compiler will expand in the GNAT tree the following construct:
51
52   --   task type T (Discr : Integer);
53
54   --   task body T is
55   --      ...declarations, possibly some controlled...
56   --   begin
57   --      ...B...;
58   --   end T;
59
60   --   T1 : T (1);
61
62   --  as follows:
63
64   --   enter_master.all;
65
66   --   _chain : aliased activation_chain;
67   --   activation_chainIP (_chain);
68
69   --   task type t (discr : integer);
70   --   tE : aliased boolean := false;
71   --   tZ : size_type := unspecified_size;
72   --   type tV (discr : integer) is limited record
73   --      _task_id : task_id;
74   --   end record;
75   --   procedure tB (_task : access tV);
76   --   freeze tV [
77   --      procedure tVIP (_init : in out tV; _master : master_id;
78   --        _chain : in out activation_chain; _task_id : in task_image_type;
79   --        discr : integer) is
80   --      begin
81   --         _init.discr := discr;
82   --         _init._task_id := null;
83   --         create_task (unspecified_priority, tZ,
84   --           unspecified_task_info, unspecified_cpu,
85   --           ada__real_time__time_span_zero, 0, _master,
86   --           task_procedure_access!(tB'address), _init'address,
87   --           tE'unchecked_access, _chain, _task_id, _init._task_id);
88   --         return;
89   --      end tVIP;
90   --   ]
91
92   --   procedure tB (_task : access tV) is
93   --      discr : integer renames _task.discr;
94
95   --      procedure _clean is
96   --      begin
97   --         abort_defer.all;
98   --         complete_task;
99   --         finalize_list (F14b);
100   --         abort_undefer.all;
101   --         return;
102   --      end _clean;
103   --   begin
104   --      abort_undefer.all;
105   --      ...declarations...
106   --      complete_activation;
107   --      ...B...;
108   --      return;
109   --   at end
110   --      _clean;
111   --   end tB;
112
113   --   tE := true;
114   --   t1 : t (1);
115   --   _master : constant master_id := current_master.all;
116   --   t1S : task_image_type := new string'"t1";
117   --   task_image_typeIP (t1, _master, _chain, t1S, 1);
118
119   --   activate_tasks (_chain'unchecked_access);
120
121   procedure Abort_Tasks (Tasks : Task_List);
122   --  Compiler interface only. Do not call from within the RTS. Initiate
123   --  abort, however, the actual abort is done by abortee by means of
124   --  Abort_Handler and Abort_Undefer
125   --
126   --  source code:
127   --     Abort T1, T2;
128   --  code expansion:
129   --     abort_tasks (task_list'(t1._task_id, t2._task_id));
130
131   procedure Activate_Tasks (Chain_Access : Activation_Chain_Access);
132   --  Compiler interface only. Do not call from within the RTS.
133   --  This must be called by the creator of a chain of one or more new tasks,
134   --  to activate them. The chain is a linked list that up to this point is
135   --  only known to the task that created them, though the individual tasks
136   --  are already in the All_Tasks_List.
137   --
138   --  The compiler builds the chain in LIFO order (as a stack). Another
139   --  version of this procedure had code to reverse the chain, so as to
140   --  activate the tasks in the order of declaration. This might be nice, but
141   --  it is not needed if priority-based scheduling is supported, since all
142   --  the activated tasks synchronize on the activators lock before they
143   --  start activating and so they should start activating in priority order.
144   --  ??? Actually, the body of this package DOES reverse the chain, so I
145   --  don't understand the above comment.
146
147   procedure Complete_Activation;
148   --  Compiler interface only. Do not call from within the RTS.
149   --  This should be called from the task body at the end of
150   --  the elaboration code for its declarative part.
151   --  Decrement the count of tasks to be activated by the activator and
152   --  wake it up so it can check to see if all tasks have been activated.
153   --  Except for the environment task, which should never call this procedure,
154   --  T.Activator should only be null iff T has completed activation.
155
156   procedure Complete_Master;
157   --  Compiler interface only.  Do not call from within the RTS. This must
158   --  be called on exit from any master where Enter_Master was called.
159   --  Assume abort is deferred at this point.
160
161   procedure Complete_Task;
162   --  Compiler interface only. Do not call from within the RTS.
163   --  This should be called from an implicit at-end handler
164   --  associated with the task body, when it completes.
165   --  From this point, the current task will become not callable.
166   --  If the current task have not completed activation, this should be done
167   --  now in order to wake up the activator (the environment task).
168
169   procedure Create_Task
170     (Priority          : Integer;
171      Size              : System.Parameters.Size_Type;
172      Task_Info         : System.Task_Info.Task_Info_Type;
173      CPU               : Integer;
174      Relative_Deadline : Ada.Real_Time.Time_Span;
175      Domain            : Dispatching_Domain_Access;
176      Num_Entries       : Task_Entry_Index;
177      Master            : Master_Level;
178      State             : Task_Procedure_Access;
179      Discriminants     : System.Address;
180      Elaborated        : Access_Boolean;
181      Chain             : in out Activation_Chain;
182      Task_Image        : String;
183      Created_Task      : out Task_Id);
184   --  Compiler interface only. Do not call from within the RTS.
185   --  This must be called to create a new task.
186   --
187   --  Priority is the task's priority (assumed to be in range of type
188   --   System.Any_Priority)
189   --  Size is the stack size of the task to create
190   --  Task_Info is the task info associated with the created task, or
191   --   Unspecified_Task_Info if none.
192   --  CPU is the task affinity. Passed as an Integer because the undefined
193   --   value is not in the range of CPU_Range. Static range checks are
194   --   performed when analyzing the pragma, and dynamic ones are performed
195   --   before setting the affinity at run time.
196   --  Relative_Deadline is the relative deadline associated with the created
197   --   task by means of a pragma Relative_Deadline, or 0.0 if none.
198   --  Domain is the dispatching domain associated with the created task by
199   --   means of a Dispatching_Domain pragma or aspect, or null if none.
200   --  State is the compiler generated task's procedure body
201   --  Discriminants is a pointer to a limited record whose discriminants
202   --   are those of the task to create. This parameter should be passed as
203   --   the single argument to State.
204   --  Elaborated is a pointer to a Boolean that must be set to true on exit
205   --   if the task could be successfully elaborated.
206   --  Chain is a linked list of task that needs to be created. On exit,
207   --   Created_Task.Activation_Link will be Chain.T_ID, and Chain.T_ID
208   --   will be Created_Task (e.g the created task will be linked at the front
209   --   of Chain).
210   --  Task_Image is a string created by the compiler that the
211   --   run time can store to ease the debugging and the
212   --   Ada.Task_Identification facility.
213   --  Created_Task is the resulting task.
214   --
215   --  This procedure can raise Storage_Error if the task creation failed.
216
217   function Current_Master return Master_Level;
218   --  Compiler interface only.
219   --  This is called to obtain the current master nesting level.
220
221   procedure Enter_Master;
222   --  Compiler interface only.  Do not call from within the RTS.
223   --  This must be called on entry to any "master" where a task,
224   --  or access type designating objects containing tasks, may be
225   --  declared.
226
227   procedure Expunge_Unactivated_Tasks (Chain : in out Activation_Chain);
228   --  Compiler interface only. Do not call from within the RTS.
229   --  This must be called by the compiler-generated code for an allocator if
230   --  the allocated object contains tasks, if the allocator exits without
231   --  calling Activate_Tasks for a given activation chains, as can happen if
232   --  an exception occurs during initialization of the object.
233   --
234   --  This should be called ONLY for tasks created via an allocator. Recovery
235   --  of storage for unactivated local task declarations is done by
236   --  Complete_Master and Complete_Task.
237   --
238   --  We remove each task from Chain and All_Tasks_List before we free the
239   --  storage of its ATCB.
240   --
241   --  In other places where we recover the storage of unactivated tasks, we
242   --  need to clean out the entry queues, but here that should not be
243   --  necessary, since these tasks should not have been visible to any other
244   --  tasks, and so no task should be able to queue a call on their entries.
245   --
246   --  Just in case somebody misuses this subprogram, there is a check to
247   --  verify this condition.
248
249   procedure Finalize_Global_Tasks;
250   --  This should be called to complete the execution of the environment task
251   --  and shut down the tasking runtime system. It is the equivalent of
252   --  Complete_Task, but for the environment task.
253   --
254   --  The environment task must first call Complete_Master, to wait for user
255   --  tasks that depend on library-level packages to terminate. It then calls
256   --  Abort_Dependents to abort the "independent" library-level server tasks
257   --  that are created implicitly by the RTS packages (signal and timer server
258   --  tasks), and then waits for them to terminate. Then, it calls
259   --  Vulnerable_Complete_Task.
260   --
261   --  It currently also executes the global finalization list, and then resets
262   --  the "soft links".
263
264   procedure Free_Task (T : Task_Id);
265   --  Recover all runtime system storage associated with the task T, but only
266   --  if T has terminated. Do nothing in the other case. It is called from
267   --  Unchecked_Deallocation, for objects that are or contain tasks.
268
269   procedure Move_Activation_Chain
270     (From, To   : Activation_Chain_Access;
271      New_Master : Master_ID);
272   --  Compiler interface only. Do not call from within the RTS.
273   --  Move all tasks on From list to To list, and change their Master_of_Task
274   --  to be New_Master. This is used to implement build-in-place function
275   --  returns. Tasks that are part of the return object are initially placed
276   --  on an activation chain local to the return statement, and their master
277   --  is the return statement, in case the return statement is left
278   --  prematurely (due to raising an exception, being aborted, or a goto or
279   --  exit statement). Once the return statement has completed successfully,
280   --  Move_Activation_Chain is called to move them to the caller's activation
281   --  chain, and change their master to the one passed in by the caller. If
282   --  that doesn't happen, they will never be activated, and will become
283   --  terminated on leaving the return statement.
284
285   function Terminated (T : Task_Id) return Boolean;
286   --  This is called by the compiler to implement the 'Terminated attribute.
287   --  Though is not required to be so by the ARM, we choose to synchronize
288   --  with the task's ATCB, so that this is more useful for polling the state
289   --  of a task, and so that it becomes an abort completion point for the
290   --  calling task (via Undefer_Abort).
291   --
292   --  source code:
293   --     T1'Terminated
294   --
295   --  code expansion:
296   --     terminated (t1._task_id)
297
298   procedure Terminate_Task (Self_ID : Task_Id);
299   --  Terminate the calling task.
300   --  This should only be called by the Task_Wrapper procedure, and to
301   --  deallocate storage associate with foreign tasks.
302
303end System.Tasking.Stages;
304