1 /**
2  * \file
3  * Appdomain-related internal data structures and functions.
4  * Copyright 2012 Xamarin Inc (http://www.xamarin.com)
5  * Licensed under the MIT license. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
6  */
7 #ifndef __MONO_METADATA_DOMAIN_INTERNALS_H__
8 #define __MONO_METADATA_DOMAIN_INTERNALS_H__
9 
10 #include <mono/metadata/appdomain.h>
11 #include <mono/metadata/mempool.h>
12 #include <mono/metadata/lock-tracer.h>
13 #include <mono/utils/mono-codeman.h>
14 #include <mono/metadata/mono-hash.h>
15 #include <mono/metadata/mono-conc-hash.h>
16 #include <mono/utils/mono-compiler.h>
17 #include <mono/utils/mono-internal-hash.h>
18 #include <mono/metadata/mempool-internals.h>
19 
20 /*
21  * If this is set, the memory belonging to appdomains is not freed when a domain is
22  * unloaded, and assemblies loaded by the appdomain are not unloaded either. This
23  * allows us to use typed gc in non-default appdomains too, leading to increased
24  * performance.
25  */
26 extern gboolean mono_dont_free_domains;
27 
28 /* This is a copy of System.AppDomainSetup */
29 typedef struct {
30 	MonoObject object;
31 	MonoString *application_base;
32 	MonoString *application_name;
33 	MonoString *cache_path;
34 	MonoString *configuration_file;
35 	MonoString *dynamic_base;
36 	MonoString *license_file;
37 	MonoString *private_bin_path;
38 	MonoString *private_bin_path_probe;
39 	MonoString *shadow_copy_directories;
40 	MonoString *shadow_copy_files;
41 	MonoBoolean publisher_policy;
42 	MonoBoolean path_changed;
43 	int loader_optimization;
44 	MonoBoolean disallow_binding_redirects;
45 	MonoBoolean disallow_code_downloads;
46 	MonoObject *activation_arguments; /* it is System.Object in 1.x, ActivationArguments in 2.0 */
47 	MonoObject *domain_initializer;
48 	MonoObject *application_trust; /* it is System.Object in 1.x, ApplicationTrust in 2.0 */
49 	MonoArray *domain_initializer_args;
50 	MonoBoolean disallow_appbase_probe;
51 	MonoArray *configuration_bytes;
52 	MonoArray *serialized_non_primitives;
53 } MonoAppDomainSetup;
54 
55 typedef struct _MonoJitInfoTable MonoJitInfoTable;
56 typedef struct _MonoJitInfoTableChunk MonoJitInfoTableChunk;
57 
58 #define MONO_JIT_INFO_TABLE_CHUNK_SIZE		64
59 
60 struct _MonoJitInfoTableChunk
61 {
62 	int		       refcount;
63 	volatile int           num_elements;
64 	volatile gint8        *last_code_end;
65 	MonoJitInfo *next_tombstone;
66 	MonoJitInfo * volatile data [MONO_JIT_INFO_TABLE_CHUNK_SIZE];
67 };
68 
69 struct _MonoJitInfoTable
70 {
71 	MonoDomain	       *domain;
72 	int			num_chunks;
73 	int			num_valid;
74 	MonoJitInfoTableChunk  *chunks [MONO_ZERO_LEN_ARRAY];
75 };
76 
77 #define MONO_SIZEOF_JIT_INFO_TABLE (sizeof (struct _MonoJitInfoTable) - MONO_ZERO_LEN_ARRAY * SIZEOF_VOID_P)
78 
79 typedef GArray MonoAotModuleInfoTable;
80 
81 typedef struct {
82 	guint32  flags;
83 	gint32   exvar_offset;
84 	gpointer try_start;
85 	gpointer try_end;
86 	gpointer handler_start;
87 	/*
88 	 * For LLVM compiled code, this is the index of the il clause
89 	 * associated with this handler.
90 	 */
91 	int clause_index;
92 	uint32_t try_offset;
93 	uint32_t try_len;
94 	uint32_t handler_offset;
95 	uint32_t handler_len;
96 	union {
97 		MonoClass *catch_class;
98 		gpointer filter;
99 		gpointer handler_end;
100 	} data;
101 } MonoJitExceptionInfo;
102 
103 /*
104  * Contains information about the type arguments for generic shared methods.
105  */
106 typedef struct {
107 	gboolean is_gsharedvt;
108 } MonoGenericSharingContext;
109 
110 /* Simplified DWARF location list entry */
111 typedef struct {
112 	/* Whenever the value is in a register */
113 	gboolean is_reg;
114 	/*
115 	 * If is_reg is TRUE, the register which contains the value. Otherwise
116 	 * the base register.
117 	 */
118 	int reg;
119 	/*
120 	 * If is_reg is FALSE, the offset of the stack location relative to 'reg'.
121 	 * Otherwise, 0.
122 	 */
123 	int offset;
124 	/*
125 	 * Offsets of the PC interval where the value is in this location.
126 	 */
127 	int from, to;
128 } MonoDwarfLocListEntry;
129 
130 typedef struct
131 {
132 	MonoGenericSharingContext *generic_sharing_context;
133 	int nlocs;
134 	MonoDwarfLocListEntry *locations;
135 	gint32 this_offset;
136 	guint8 this_reg;
137 	gboolean has_this:1;
138 	gboolean this_in_reg:1;
139 } MonoGenericJitInfo;
140 
141 /*
142 A try block hole is used to represent a non-contiguous part of
143 of a segment of native code protected by a given .try block.
144 Usually, a try block is defined as a contiguous segment of code.
145 But in some cases it's needed to have some parts of it to not be protected.
146 For example, given "try {} finally {}", the code in the .try block to call
147 the finally part looks like:
148 
149 try {
150     ...
151 	call finally_block
152 	adjust stack
153 	jump outside try block
154 	...
155 } finally {
156 	...
157 }
158 
159 The instructions between the call and the jump should not be under the try block since they happen
160 after the finally block executes, which means if an async exceptions happens at that point we would
161 execute the finally clause twice. So, to avoid this, we introduce a hole in the try block to signal
162 that those instructions are not protected.
163 */
164 typedef struct
165 {
166 	guint32 offset;
167 	guint16 clause;
168 	guint16 length;
169 } MonoTryBlockHoleJitInfo;
170 
171 typedef struct
172 {
173 	guint16 num_holes;
174 	MonoTryBlockHoleJitInfo holes [MONO_ZERO_LEN_ARRAY];
175 } MonoTryBlockHoleTableJitInfo;
176 
177 typedef struct
178 {
179 	guint32 stack_size;
180 	guint32 epilog_size;
181 } MonoArchEHJitInfo;
182 
183 typedef struct {
184 	/* Relative to code_start */
185 	int thunks_offset;
186 	int thunks_size;
187 } MonoThunkJitInfo;
188 
189 typedef struct {
190 	guint8 *unw_info;
191 	int unw_info_len;
192 } MonoUnwindJitInfo;
193 
194 typedef enum {
195 	JIT_INFO_NONE = 0,
196 	JIT_INFO_HAS_GENERIC_JIT_INFO = (1 << 0),
197 	JIT_INFO_HAS_TRY_BLOCK_HOLES = (1 << 1),
198 	JIT_INFO_HAS_ARCH_EH_INFO = (1 << 2),
199 	JIT_INFO_HAS_THUNK_INFO = (1 << 3),
200 	/*
201 	 * If this is set, the unwind info is stored in the structure, instead of being pointed to by the
202 	 * 'unwind_info' field.
203 	 */
204 	JIT_INFO_HAS_UNWIND_INFO = (1 << 4)
205 } MonoJitInfoFlags;
206 
207 struct _MonoJitInfo {
208 	/* NOTE: These first two elements (method and
209 	   next_jit_code_hash) must be in the same order and at the
210 	   same offset as in RuntimeMethod, because of the jit_code_hash
211 	   internal hash table in MonoDomain. */
212 	union {
213 		MonoMethod *method;
214 		MonoImage *image;
215 		gpointer aot_info;
216 		gpointer tramp_info;
217 	} d;
218 	union {
219 		struct _MonoJitInfo *next_jit_code_hash;
220 		struct _MonoJitInfo *next_tombstone;
221 	} n;
222 	gpointer    code_start;
223 	guint32     unwind_info;
224 	int         code_size;
225 	guint32     num_clauses:15;
226 	/* Whenever the code is domain neutral or 'shared' */
227 	gboolean    domain_neutral:1;
228 	gboolean    has_generic_jit_info:1;
229 	gboolean    has_try_block_holes:1;
230 	gboolean    has_arch_eh_info:1;
231 	gboolean    has_thunk_info:1;
232 	gboolean    has_unwind_info:1;
233 	gboolean    from_aot:1;
234 	gboolean    from_llvm:1;
235 	gboolean    dbg_attrs_inited:1;
236 	gboolean    dbg_hidden:1;
237 	/* Whenever this jit info was loaded in async context */
238 	gboolean    async:1;
239 	gboolean    dbg_step_through:1;
240 	gboolean    dbg_non_user_code:1;
241 	/*
242 	 * Whenever this jit info refers to a trampoline.
243 	 * d.tramp_info contains additional data in this case.
244 	 */
245 	gboolean    is_trampoline:1;
246 	/* Whenever this jit info refers to an interpreter method */
247 	gboolean    is_interp:1;
248 
249 	/* FIXME: Embed this after the structure later*/
250 	gpointer    gc_info; /* Currently only used by SGen */
251 
252 	MonoJitExceptionInfo clauses [MONO_ZERO_LEN_ARRAY];
253 	/* There is an optional MonoGenericJitInfo after the clauses */
254 	/* There is an optional MonoTryBlockHoleTableJitInfo after MonoGenericJitInfo clauses*/
255 	/* There is an optional MonoArchEHJitInfo after MonoTryBlockHoleTableJitInfo */
256 	/* There is an optional MonoThunkJitInfo after MonoArchEHJitInfo */
257 };
258 
259 #define MONO_SIZEOF_JIT_INFO (offsetof (struct _MonoJitInfo, clauses))
260 
261 typedef struct {
262 	gpointer *static_data; /* Used to free the static data without going through the MonoAppContext object itself. */
263 	uint32_t gc_handle;
264 } ContextStaticData;
265 
266 struct _MonoAppContext {
267 	MonoObject obj;
268 	gint32 domain_id;
269 	gint32 context_id;
270 	gpointer *static_data;
271 	ContextStaticData *data;
272 };
273 
274 /* Lock-free allocator */
275 typedef struct {
276 	guint8 *mem;
277 	gpointer prev;
278 	int size, pos;
279 } LockFreeMempoolChunk;
280 
281 typedef struct {
282 	LockFreeMempoolChunk *current, *chunks;
283 } LockFreeMempool;
284 
285 /*
286  * We have two unloading states because the domain
287  * must remain fully functional while AppDomain::DomainUnload is
288  * processed.
289  * After that unloading began and all domain facilities are teared down
290  * such as execution of new threadpool jobs.
291  */
292 typedef enum {
293 	MONO_APPDOMAIN_CREATED,
294 	MONO_APPDOMAIN_UNLOADING_START,
295 	MONO_APPDOMAIN_UNLOADING,
296 	MONO_APPDOMAIN_UNLOADED
297 } MonoAppDomainState;
298 
299 typedef struct _MonoThunkFreeList {
300 	guint32 size;
301 	int length;		/* only valid for the wait list */
302 	struct _MonoThunkFreeList *next;
303 } MonoThunkFreeList;
304 
305 typedef struct _MonoJitCodeHash MonoJitCodeHash;
306 
307 struct _MonoDomain {
308 	/*
309 	 * This lock must never be taken before the loader lock,
310 	 * i.e. if both are taken by the same thread, the loader lock
311 	 * must taken first.
312 	 */
313 	MonoCoopMutex    lock;
314 	MonoMemPool        *mp;
315 	MonoCodeManager    *code_mp;
316 	/*
317 	 * keep all the managed objects close to each other for the precise GC
318 	 * For the Boehm GC we additionally keep close also other GC-tracked pointers.
319 	 */
320 #define MONO_DOMAIN_FIRST_OBJECT setup
321 	MonoAppDomainSetup *setup;
322 	MonoAppDomain      *domain;
323 	MonoAppContext     *default_context;
324 	MonoException      *out_of_memory_ex;
325 	MonoException      *null_reference_ex;
326 	MonoException      *stack_overflow_ex;
327 	/* typeof (void) */
328 	MonoObject         *typeof_void;
329 	/* Ephemeron Tombstone*/
330 	MonoObject         *ephemeron_tombstone;
331 	/* new MonoType [0] */
332 	MonoArray          *empty_types;
333 	MonoString         *empty_string;
334 	/*
335 	 * The fields between FIRST_GC_TRACKED and LAST_GC_TRACKED are roots, but
336 	 * not object references.
337 	 */
338 #define MONO_DOMAIN_FIRST_GC_TRACKED env
339 	MonoGHashTable     *env;
340 	MonoGHashTable     *ldstr_table;
341 	/* hashtables for Reflection handles */
342 	MonoGHashTable     *type_hash;
343 	MonoConcGHashTable     *refobject_hash;
344 	/* maps class -> type initialization exception object */
345 	MonoGHashTable    *type_init_exception_hash;
346 	/* maps delegate trampoline addr -> delegate object */
347 	MonoGHashTable     *delegate_hash_table;
348 #define MONO_DOMAIN_LAST_GC_TRACKED delegate_hash_table
349 	guint32            state;
350 	/* Needed by Thread:GetDomainID() */
351 	gint32             domain_id;
352 	gint32             shadow_serial;
353 	GSList             *domain_assemblies;
354 	MonoAssembly       *entry_assembly;
355 	char               *friendly_name;
356 	GPtrArray          *class_vtable_array;
357 	/* maps remote class key -> MonoRemoteClass */
358 	GHashTable         *proxy_vtable_hash;
359 	/* Protected by 'jit_code_hash_lock' */
360 	MonoInternalHashTable jit_code_hash;
361 	mono_mutex_t    jit_code_hash_lock;
362 	int		    num_jit_info_tables;
363 	MonoJitInfoTable *
364 	  volatile          jit_info_table;
365 	/*
366 	 * Contains information about AOT loaded code.
367 	 * Only used in the root domain.
368 	 */
369 	MonoJitInfoTable *
370 	  volatile          aot_modules;
371 	GSList		   *jit_info_free_queue;
372 	/* Used when loading assemblies */
373 	gchar **search_path;
374 	gchar *private_bin_path;
375 	LockFreeMempool *lock_free_mp;
376 
377 	/* Used by remoting proxies */
378 	MonoMethod         *create_proxy_for_type_method;
379 	MonoMethod         *private_invoke_method;
380 	/* Used to store offsets of thread and context static fields */
381 	GHashTable         *special_static_fields;
382 	/*
383 	 * This must be a GHashTable, since these objects can't be finalized
384 	 * if the hashtable contains a GC visible reference to them.
385 	 */
386 	GHashTable         *finalizable_objects_hash;
387 
388 	/* Protects the three hashes above */
389 	mono_mutex_t   finalizable_objects_hash_lock;
390 	/* Used when accessing 'domain_assemblies' */
391 	mono_mutex_t    assemblies_lock;
392 
393 	GHashTable	   *method_rgctx_hash;
394 
395 	GHashTable	   *generic_virtual_cases;
396 
397 	/* Information maintained by the JIT engine */
398 	gpointer runtime_info;
399 
400 	/* Contains the compiled runtime invoke wrapper used by finalizers */
401 	gpointer            finalize_runtime_invoke;
402 
403 	/* Contains the compiled runtime invoke wrapper used by async resylt creation to capture thread context*/
404 	gpointer            capture_context_runtime_invoke;
405 
406 	/* Contains the compiled method used by async resylt creation to capture thread context*/
407 	gpointer            capture_context_method;
408 
409 	/* Assembly bindings, the per-domain part */
410 	GSList *assembly_bindings;
411 	gboolean assembly_bindings_parsed;
412 
413 	/* Used by socket-io.c */
414 	/* These are domain specific, since the assembly can be unloaded */
415 	MonoImage *socket_assembly;
416 	MonoClass *sockaddr_class;
417 	MonoClassField *sockaddr_data_field;
418 	MonoClassField *sockaddr_data_length_field;
419 
420 	/* Cache function pointers for architectures  */
421 	/* that require wrappers */
422 	GHashTable *ftnptrs_hash;
423 
424 	/* Maps MonoMethod* to weak links to DynamicMethod objects */
425 	GHashTable *method_to_dyn_method;
426 
427 	/* <ThrowUnobservedTaskExceptions /> support */
428 	gboolean throw_unobserved_task_exceptions;
429 
430 	guint32 execution_context_field_offset;
431 };
432 
433 typedef struct  {
434 	guint16 major, minor, build, revision;
435 } AssemblyVersionSet;
436 
437 /* MonoRuntimeInfo: Contains information about versions supported by this runtime */
438 typedef struct  {
439 	const char runtime_version [12];
440 	const char framework_version [4];
441 	const AssemblyVersionSet version_sets [5];
442 } MonoRuntimeInfo;
443 
444 #define mono_domain_assemblies_lock(domain) mono_locks_os_acquire(&(domain)->assemblies_lock, DomainAssembliesLock)
445 #define mono_domain_assemblies_unlock(domain) mono_locks_os_release(&(domain)->assemblies_lock, DomainAssembliesLock)
446 #define mono_domain_jit_code_hash_lock(domain) mono_locks_os_acquire(&(domain)->jit_code_hash_lock, DomainJitCodeHashLock)
447 #define mono_domain_jit_code_hash_unlock(domain) mono_locks_os_release(&(domain)->jit_code_hash_lock, DomainJitCodeHashLock)
448 
449 typedef MonoDomain* (*MonoLoadFunc) (const char *filename, const char *runtime_version);
450 
451 void mono_domain_lock (MonoDomain *domain) MONO_LLVM_INTERNAL;
452 void mono_domain_unlock (MonoDomain *domain) MONO_LLVM_INTERNAL;
453 
454 void
455 mono_install_runtime_load  (MonoLoadFunc func);
456 
457 MonoDomain*
458 mono_runtime_load (const char *filename, const char *runtime_version);
459 
460 typedef void (*MonoCreateDomainFunc) (MonoDomain *domain);
461 
462 void
463 mono_install_create_domain_hook (MonoCreateDomainFunc func);
464 
465 typedef void (*MonoFreeDomainFunc) (MonoDomain *domain);
466 
467 void
468 mono_install_free_domain_hook (MonoFreeDomainFunc func);
469 
470 void
471 mono_cleanup (void);
472 
473 void
474 mono_close_exe_image (void);
475 
476 int
477 mono_jit_info_size (MonoJitInfoFlags flags, int num_clauses, int num_holes);
478 
479 void
480 mono_jit_info_init (MonoJitInfo *ji, MonoMethod *method, guint8 *code, int code_size,
481 					MonoJitInfoFlags flags, int num_clauses, int num_holes);
482 
483 MonoJitInfoTable *
484 mono_jit_info_table_new (MonoDomain *domain);
485 
486 void
487 mono_jit_info_table_free (MonoJitInfoTable *table);
488 
489 void
490 mono_jit_info_table_add    (MonoDomain *domain, MonoJitInfo *ji);
491 
492 void
493 mono_jit_info_table_remove (MonoDomain *domain, MonoJitInfo *ji);
494 
495 void
496 mono_jit_info_add_aot_module (MonoImage *image, gpointer start, gpointer end);
497 
498 MonoGenericJitInfo*
499 mono_jit_info_get_generic_jit_info (MonoJitInfo *ji);
500 
501 MonoGenericSharingContext*
502 mono_jit_info_get_generic_sharing_context (MonoJitInfo *ji);
503 
504 void
505 mono_jit_info_set_generic_sharing_context (MonoJitInfo *ji, MonoGenericSharingContext *gsctx);
506 
507 char *
508 mono_make_shadow_copy (const char *filename, MonoError *error);
509 
510 gboolean
511 mono_is_shadow_copy_enabled (MonoDomain *domain, const gchar *dir_name);
512 
513 gpointer
514 mono_domain_alloc  (MonoDomain *domain, guint size);
515 
516 gpointer
517 mono_domain_alloc0 (MonoDomain *domain, guint size);
518 
519 gpointer
520 mono_domain_alloc0_lock_free (MonoDomain *domain, guint size);
521 
522 void*
523 mono_domain_code_reserve (MonoDomain *domain, int size) MONO_LLVM_INTERNAL;
524 
525 void*
526 mono_domain_code_reserve_align (MonoDomain *domain, int size, int alignment);
527 
528 void
529 mono_domain_code_commit (MonoDomain *domain, void *data, int size, int newsize);
530 
531 void
532 mono_domain_code_foreach (MonoDomain *domain, MonoCodeManagerFunc func, void *user_data);
533 
534 void
535 mono_domain_unset (void);
536 
537 void
538 mono_domain_set_internal_with_options (MonoDomain *domain, gboolean migrate_exception);
539 
540 gboolean
541 mono_domain_set_config_checked (MonoDomain *domain, const char *base_dir, const char *config_file_name, MonoError *error);
542 
543 MonoTryBlockHoleTableJitInfo*
544 mono_jit_info_get_try_block_hole_table_info (MonoJitInfo *ji);
545 
546 MonoArchEHJitInfo*
547 mono_jit_info_get_arch_eh_info (MonoJitInfo *ji);
548 
549 MonoThunkJitInfo*
550 mono_jit_info_get_thunk_info (MonoJitInfo *ji);
551 
552 MonoUnwindJitInfo*
553 mono_jit_info_get_unwind_info (MonoJitInfo *ji);
554 
555 /*
556  * Installs a new function which is used to return a MonoJitInfo for a method inside
557  * an AOT module.
558  */
559 typedef MonoJitInfo *(*MonoJitInfoFindInAot)         (MonoDomain *domain, MonoImage *image, gpointer addr);
560 void          mono_install_jit_info_find_in_aot (MonoJitInfoFindInAot func);
561 
562 void
563 mono_jit_code_hash_init (MonoInternalHashTable *jit_code_hash);
564 
565 MonoAssembly *
566 mono_assembly_load_corlib (const MonoRuntimeInfo *runtime, MonoImageOpenStatus *status);
567 
568 const MonoRuntimeInfo*
569 mono_get_runtime_info (void);
570 
571 void
572 mono_runtime_set_no_exec (gboolean val);
573 
574 gboolean
575 mono_runtime_get_no_exec (void);
576 
577 void
578 mono_domain_parse_assembly_bindings (MonoDomain *domain, int amajor, int aminor, gchar *domain_config_file_name);
579 
580 gboolean
581 mono_assembly_name_parse (const char *name, MonoAssemblyName *aname);
582 
583 MonoImage *mono_assembly_open_from_bundle (const char *filename,
584 					   MonoImageOpenStatus *status,
585 					   gboolean refonly);
586 
587 MonoAssembly *
588 mono_try_assembly_resolve (MonoDomain *domain, const char *fname, MonoAssembly *requesting, gboolean refonly, MonoError *error);
589 
590 MonoAssembly *
591 mono_domain_assembly_postload_search (MonoAssemblyName *aname, MonoAssembly *requesting, gboolean refonly);
592 
593 MonoAssembly* mono_assembly_load_full_nosearch (MonoAssemblyName *aname,
594 						const char       *basedir,
595 						MonoImageOpenStatus *status,
596 						gboolean refonly);
597 
598 void mono_domain_set_options_from_config (MonoDomain *domain);
599 
600 int mono_framework_version (void);
601 
602 void mono_reflection_cleanup_domain (MonoDomain *domain);
603 
604 void mono_assembly_cleanup_domain_bindings (guint32 domain_id);
605 
606 MonoJitInfo* mono_jit_info_table_find_internal (MonoDomain *domain, char *addr, gboolean try_aot, gboolean allow_trampolines);
607 
608 void mono_enable_debug_domain_unload (gboolean enable);
609 
610 MonoReflectionAssembly *
611 mono_domain_try_type_resolve_checked (MonoDomain *domain, char *name, MonoObject *tb, MonoError *error);
612 
613 void
614 mono_runtime_init_checked (MonoDomain *domain, MonoThreadStartCB start_cb, MonoThreadAttachCB attach_cb, MonoError *error);
615 
616 void
617 mono_context_init_checked (MonoDomain *domain, MonoError *error);
618 
619 gboolean
620 mono_assembly_has_reference_assembly_attribute (MonoAssembly *assembly, MonoError *error);
621 
622 GPtrArray*
623 mono_domain_get_assemblies (MonoDomain *domain, gboolean refonly);
624 
625 #endif /* __MONO_METADATA_DOMAIN_INTERNALS_H__ */
626