1 // © 2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others.
2 // License & terms of use: http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html
3 /*
4 *****************************************************************************************
5 * Copyright (C) 2014, International Business Machines
6 * Corporation and others. All Rights Reserved.
7 *****************************************************************************************
8 */
9 
10 #ifndef UREGION_H
11 #define UREGION_H
12 
13 #include "unicode/utypes.h"
14 #include "unicode/uenum.h"
15 
16 /**
17  * \file
18  * \brief C API: URegion (territory containment and mapping)
19  *
20  * URegion objects represent data associated with a particular Unicode Region Code, also known as a
21  * Unicode Region Subtag, which is defined based upon the BCP 47 standard. These include:
22  * * Two-letter codes defined by ISO 3166-1, with special LDML treatment of certain private-use or
23  *   reserved codes;
24  * * A subset of 3-digit numeric codes defined by UN M.49.
25  * URegion objects can also provide mappings to and from additional codes. There are different types
26  * of regions that are important to distinguish:
27  * <p>
28  * Macroregion - A code for a "macro geographical (continental) region, geographical sub-region, or
29  * selected economic and other grouping" as defined in UN M.49. These are typically 3-digit codes,
30  * but contain some 2-letter codes for LDML extensions, such as "QO" for Outlying Oceania.
31  * Macroregions are represented in ICU by one of three region types: WORLD (code 001),
32  * CONTINENTS (regions contained directly by WORLD), and SUBCONTINENTS (regions contained directly
33  * by a continent ).
34  * <p>
35  * TERRITORY - A Region that is not a Macroregion. These are typically codes for countries, but also
36  * include areas that are not separate countries, such as the code "AQ" for Antarctica or the code
37  * "HK" for Hong Kong (SAR China). Overseas dependencies of countries may or may not have separate
38  * codes. The codes are typically 2-letter codes aligned with ISO 3166, but BCP47 allows for the use
39  * of 3-digit codes in the future.
40  * <p>
41  * UNKNOWN - The code ZZ is defined by Unicode LDML for use in indicating that region is unknown,
42  * or that the value supplied as a region was invalid.
43  * <p>
44  * DEPRECATED - Region codes that have been defined in the past but are no longer in modern usage,
45  * usually due to a country splitting into multiple territories or changing its name.
46  * <p>
47  * GROUPING - A widely understood grouping of territories that has a well defined membership such
48  * that a region code has been assigned for it.  Some of these are UN M.49 codes that don't fall into
49  * the world/continent/sub-continent hierarchy, while others are just well-known groupings that have
50  * their own region code. Region "EU" (European Union) is one such region code that is a grouping.
51  * Groupings will never be returned by the uregion_getContainingRegion, since a different type of region
52  * (WORLD, CONTINENT, or SUBCONTINENT) will always be the containing region instead.
53  *
54  * URegion objects are const/immutable, owned and maintained by ICU itself, so there are not functions
55  * to open or close them.
56  */
57 
58 /**
59  * URegionType is an enumeration defining the different types of regions.  Current possible
60  * values are URGN_WORLD, URGN_CONTINENT, URGN_SUBCONTINENT, URGN_TERRITORY, URGN_GROUPING,
61  * URGN_DEPRECATED, and URGN_UNKNOWN.
62  *
63  * @stable ICU 51
64  */
65 typedef enum URegionType {
66     /**
67      * Type representing the unknown region.
68      * @stable ICU 51
69      */
70     URGN_UNKNOWN,
71 
72     /**
73      * Type representing a territory.
74      * @stable ICU 51
75      */
76     URGN_TERRITORY,
77 
78     /**
79      * Type representing the whole world.
80      * @stable ICU 51
81      */
82     URGN_WORLD,
83 
84     /**
85      * Type representing a continent.
86      * @stable ICU 51
87      */
88     URGN_CONTINENT,
89 
90     /**
91      * Type representing a sub-continent.
92      * @stable ICU 51
93      */
94     URGN_SUBCONTINENT,
95 
96     /**
97      * Type representing a grouping of territories that is not to be used in
98      * the normal WORLD/CONTINENT/SUBCONTINENT/TERRITORY containment tree.
99      * @stable ICU 51
100      */
101     URGN_GROUPING,
102 
103     /**
104      * Type representing a region whose code has been deprecated, usually
105      * due to a country splitting into multiple territories or changing its name.
106      * @stable ICU 51
107      */
108     URGN_DEPRECATED,
109 
110 #ifndef U_HIDE_DEPRECATED_API
111     /**
112      * One more than the highest normal URegionType value.
113      * @deprecated ICU 58 The numeric value may change over time, see ICU ticket #12420.
114      */
115     URGN_LIMIT
116 #endif  /* U_HIDE_DEPRECATED_API */
117 } URegionType;
118 
119 #if !UCONFIG_NO_FORMATTING
120 
121 /**
122  * Opaque URegion object for use in C programs.
123  * @stable ICU 52
124  */
125 struct URegion;
126 typedef struct URegion URegion; /**< @stable ICU 52 */
127 
128 /**
129  * Returns a pointer to a URegion for the specified region code: A 2-letter or 3-letter ISO 3166
130  * code, UN M.49 numeric code (superset of ISO 3166 numeric codes), or other valid Unicode Region
131  * Code as defined by the LDML specification. The code will be canonicalized internally. If the
132  * region code is NULL or not recognized, the appropriate error code will be set
133  * (U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR).
134  * @stable ICU 52
135  */
136 U_CAPI const URegion* U_EXPORT2
137 uregion_getRegionFromCode(const char *regionCode, UErrorCode *status);
138 
139 /**
140  * Returns a pointer to a URegion for the specified numeric region code. If the numeric region
141  * code is not recognized, the appropriate error code will be set (U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR).
142  * @stable ICU 52
143  */
144 U_CAPI const URegion* U_EXPORT2
145 uregion_getRegionFromNumericCode (int32_t code, UErrorCode *status);
146 
147 /**
148  * Returns an enumeration over the canonical codes of all known regions that match the given type.
149  * The enumeration must be closed with with uenum_close().
150  * @stable ICU 52
151  */
152 U_CAPI UEnumeration* U_EXPORT2
153 uregion_getAvailable(URegionType type, UErrorCode *status);
154 
155 /**
156  * Returns true if the specified uregion is equal to the specified otherRegion.
157  * @stable ICU 52
158  */
159 U_CAPI UBool U_EXPORT2
160 uregion_areEqual(const URegion* uregion, const URegion* otherRegion);
161 
162 /**
163  * Returns a pointer to the URegion that contains the specified uregion. Returns NULL if the
164  * specified uregion is code "001" (World) or "ZZ" (Unknown region). For example, calling
165  * this method with region "IT" (Italy) returns the URegion for "039" (Southern Europe).
166  * @stable ICU 52
167  */
168 U_CAPI const URegion* U_EXPORT2
169 uregion_getContainingRegion(const URegion* uregion);
170 
171 /**
172  * Return a pointer to the URegion that geographically contains this uregion and matches the
173  * specified type, moving multiple steps up the containment chain if necessary. Returns NULL if no
174  * containing region can be found that matches the specified type. Will return NULL if URegionType
175  * is URGN_GROUPING, URGN_DEPRECATED, or URGN_UNKNOWN which are not appropriate for this API.
176  * For example, calling this method with uregion "IT" (Italy) for type URGN_CONTINENT returns the
177  * URegion "150" (Europe).
178  * @stable ICU 52
179  */
180 U_CAPI const URegion* U_EXPORT2
181 uregion_getContainingRegionOfType(const URegion* uregion, URegionType type);
182 
183 /**
184  * Return an enumeration over the canonical codes of all the regions that are immediate children
185  * of the specified uregion in the region hierarchy. These returned regions could be either macro
186  * regions, territories, or a mixture of the two, depending on the containment data as defined in
187  * CLDR. This API returns NULL if this uregion doesn't have any sub-regions. For example, calling
188  * this function for uregion "150" (Europe) returns an enumeration containing the various
189  * sub-regions of Europe: "039" (Southern Europe), "151" (Eastern Europe), "154" (Northern Europe),
190  * and "155" (Western Europe). The enumeration must be closed with with uenum_close().
191  * @stable ICU 52
192  */
193 U_CAPI UEnumeration* U_EXPORT2
194 uregion_getContainedRegions(const URegion* uregion, UErrorCode *status);
195 
196 /**
197  * Returns an enumeration over the canonical codes of all the regions that are children of the
198  * specified uregion anywhere in the region hierarchy and match the given type. This API may return
199  * an empty enumeration if this uregion doesn't have any sub-regions that match the given type.
200  * For example, calling this method with region "150" (Europe) and type URGN_TERRITORY" returns an
201  * enumeration containing all the territories in Europe: "FR" (France), "IT" (Italy), "DE" (Germany),
202  * etc. The enumeration must be closed with with uenum_close().
203  * @stable ICU 52
204  */
205 U_CAPI UEnumeration* U_EXPORT2
206 uregion_getContainedRegionsOfType(const URegion* uregion, URegionType type, UErrorCode *status);
207 
208 /**
209  * Returns true if the specified uregion contains the specified otherRegion anywhere in the region
210  * hierarchy.
211  * @stable ICU 52
212  */
213 U_CAPI UBool U_EXPORT2
214 uregion_contains(const URegion* uregion, const URegion* otherRegion);
215 
216 /**
217  * If the specified uregion is deprecated, returns an enumeration over the canonical codes of the
218  * regions that are the preferred replacement regions for the specified uregion. If the specified
219  * uregion is not deprecated, returns NULL. For example, calling this method with uregion
220  * "SU" (Soviet Union) returns a list of the regions containing "RU" (Russia), "AM" (Armenia),
221  * "AZ" (Azerbaijan), etc... The enumeration must be closed with with uenum_close().
222  * @stable ICU 52
223  */
224 U_CAPI UEnumeration* U_EXPORT2
225 uregion_getPreferredValues(const URegion* uregion, UErrorCode *status);
226 
227 /**
228  * Returns the specified uregion's canonical code.
229  * @stable ICU 52
230  */
231 U_CAPI const char* U_EXPORT2
232 uregion_getRegionCode(const URegion* uregion);
233 
234 /**
235  * Returns the specified uregion's numeric code, or a negative value if there is no numeric code
236  * for the specified uregion.
237  * @stable ICU 52
238  */
239 U_CAPI int32_t U_EXPORT2
240 uregion_getNumericCode(const URegion* uregion);
241 
242 /**
243  * Returns the URegionType of the specified uregion.
244  * @stable ICU 52
245  */
246 U_CAPI URegionType U_EXPORT2
247 uregion_getType(const URegion* uregion);
248 
249 
250 #endif /* #if !UCONFIG_NO_FORMATTING */
251 
252 #endif
253