ghostscript-8.71/psi/imainarg.c

/* Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Artifex Software, Inc.
   All Rights Reserved.

   This software is provided AS-IS with no warranty, either express or
   implied.

   This software is distributed under license and may not be copied, modified
   or distributed except as expressly authorized under the terms of that
   license.  Refer to licensing information at http://www.artifex.com/
   or contact Artifex Software, Inc.,  7 Mt. Lassen Drive - Suite A-134,
   San Rafael, CA  94903, U.S.A., +1(415)492-9861, for further information.
*/

/* $Id: imainarg.c 10463 2009-12-08 06:31:51Z alexcher $ */
/* Command line parsing and dispatching */
#include "ctype_.h"
#include "memory_.h"
#include "string_.h"
#include <stdlib.h>	/* for qsort */

#include "ghost.h"
#include "gp.h"
#include "gsargs.h"
#include "gscdefs.h"
#include "gsmalloc.h"		/* for gs_malloc_limit */
#include "gsmdebug.h"
#include "gxdevice.h"
#include "gxdevmem.h"
#include "gsdevice.h"
#include "stream.h"
#include "ierrors.h"
#include "estack.h"
#include "ialloc.h"
#include "strimpl.h"		/* for sfilter.h */
#include "sfilter.h"		/* for iscan.h */
#include "ostack.h"		/* must precede iscan.h */
#include "iscan.h"
#include "iconf.h"
#include "imain.h"
#include "imainarg.h"
#include "iapi.h"
#include "iminst.h"
#include "iname.h"
#include "store.h"
#include "files.h"		/* requires stream.h */
#include "interp.h"
#include "iutil.h"
#include "ivmspace.h"
#include "vdtrace.h"

/* Import operator procedures */
extern int zflush(i_ctx_t *);
extern int zflushpage(i_ctx_t *);

#ifndef GS_LIB
#  define GS_LIB "GS_LIB"
#endif

#ifndef GS_OPTIONS
#  define GS_OPTIONS "GS_OPTIONS"
#endif

#ifndef GS_MAX_LIB_DIRS
#  define GS_MAX_LIB_DIRS 25
#endif

#define MAX_BUFFERED_SIZE 1024

/* Note: sscanf incorrectly defines its first argument as char * */
/* rather than const char *.  This accounts for the ugly casts below. */

/* Redefine puts to use outprintf, */
/* so it will work even without stdio. */
#undef puts
#define puts(mem, str) outprintf(mem, "%s\n", str)

/* Forward references */
#define runInit 1
#define runFlush 2
#define runBuffer 4
static int swproc(gs_main_instance *, const char *, arg_list *);
static int argproc(gs_main_instance *, const char *);
static int run_buffered(gs_main_instance *, const char *);
static int esc_strlen(const char *);
static void esc_strcat(char *, const char *);
static int runarg(gs_main_instance *, const char *, const char *, const char *, int);
static int run_string(gs_main_instance *, const char *, int);
static int run_finish(gs_main_instance *, int, int, ref *);
static int try_stdout_redirect(gs_main_instance * minst,
				const char *command, const char *filename);

/* Forward references for help printout */
static void print_help(gs_main_instance *);
static void print_revision(const gs_main_instance *);
static void print_version(const gs_main_instance *);
static void print_usage(const gs_main_instance *);
static void print_devices(const gs_main_instance *);
static void print_emulators(const gs_main_instance *);
static void print_paths(gs_main_instance *);
static void print_help_trailer(const gs_main_instance *);

/* ------ Main program ------ */

/* Process the command line with a given instance. */
static FILE *
gs_main_arg_fopen(const char *fname, void *vminst)
{
    gs_main_set_lib_paths((gs_main_instance *) vminst);
    return lib_fopen(&((gs_main_instance *)vminst)->lib_path,
		     ((gs_main_instance *)vminst)->heap, fname);
}
static void
set_debug_flags(const char *arg, char *flags)
{
    byte value = (*arg == '-' ? (++arg, 0) : 0xff);

    while (*arg)
	flags[*arg++ & 127] = value;
}

int
gs_main_init_with_args(gs_main_instance * minst, int argc, char *argv[])
{
    const char *arg;
    arg_list args;
    int code;

    arg_init(&args, (const char **)argv, argc,
	     gs_main_arg_fopen, (void *)minst);
    code = gs_main_init0(minst, 0, 0, 0, GS_MAX_LIB_DIRS);
    if (code < 0)
	return code;
/* This first check is not needed on VMS since GS_LIB evaluates to the same
   value as that returned by gs_lib_default_path.  Also, since GS_LIB is
   defined as a searchlist logical and getenv only returns the first entry
   in the searchlist, it really doesn't make sense to search that particular
   directory twice.
*/
#ifndef __VMS
    {
	int len = 0;
	int code = gp_getenv(GS_LIB, (char *)0, &len);

	if (code < 0) {		/* key present, value doesn't fit */
	    char *path = (char *)gs_alloc_bytes(minst->heap, len, "GS_LIB");

	    gp_getenv(GS_LIB, path, &len);	/* can't fail */
	    minst->lib_path.env = path;
	}
    }
#endif /* __VMS */
    minst->lib_path.final = gs_lib_default_path;
    code = gs_main_set_lib_paths(minst);
    if (code < 0)
	return code;
    /* Prescan the command line for --help and --version. */
    {
	int i;
	bool helping = false;

	for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i)
	    if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--")) {
		/* A PostScript program will be interpreting all the */
		/* remaining switches, so stop scanning. */
		helping = false;
		break;
	    } else if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--help")) {
		print_help(minst);
		helping = true;
	    } else if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--version")) {
		print_version(minst);
		puts(minst->heap, "");	/* \n */
		helping = true;
	    }
	if (helping)
	    return e_Info;
    }
    /* Execute files named in the command line, */
    /* processing options along the way. */
    /* Wait until the first file name (or the end */
    /* of the line) to finish initialization. */
    minst->run_start = true;

    {
	int len = 0;
	int code = gp_getenv(GS_OPTIONS, (char *)0, &len);

	if (code < 0) {		/* key present, value doesn't fit */
	    char *opts =
	    (char *)gs_alloc_bytes(minst->heap, len, "GS_OPTIONS");

	    gp_getenv(GS_OPTIONS, opts, &len);	/* can't fail */
	    if (arg_push_memory_string(&args, opts, false, minst->heap))
		return e_Fatal;
	}
    }
    while ((arg = arg_next(&args, &code)) != 0) {
	switch (*arg) {
	    case '-':
		code = swproc(minst, arg, &args);
		if (code < 0)
		    return code;
		if (code > 0)
		    outprintf(minst->heap, "Unknown switch %s - ignoring\n", arg);
		if (gs_debug[':'] && arg[1] == 'Z') {
		    int i;

		    dprintf1("%% Init started, instance 0x%p, with args: ", minst);
		    for (i=1; i<argc; i++)
			dprintf1("%s ", argv[i]);
		    dprintf("\n");
		}
		break;
	    default:
		code = argproc(minst, arg);
		if (code < 0)
		    return code;
	}
    }
    if (code < 0)
	return code;

    code = gs_main_init2(minst);
    if (code < 0)
	return code;

    if (gs_debug[':']) {
	int i;

	dprintf1("%% Init done, instance 0x%p, with args: ", minst);
	for (i=1; i<argc; i++)
	    dprintf1("%s ", argv[i]);
	dprintf("\n");
    }
    if (!minst->run_start)
	return e_Quit;
    return code ;
}

/*
 * Run the 'start' procedure (after processing the command line).
 */
int
gs_main_run_start(gs_main_instance * minst)
{
    return run_string(minst, "systemdict /start get exec", runFlush);
}

/* Process switches.  Return 0 if processed, 1 for unknown switch, */
/* <0 if error. */
static int
swproc(gs_main_instance * minst, const char *arg, arg_list * pal)
{
    char sw = arg[1];
    ref vtrue;
    int code = 0;
#undef initial_enter_name
#define initial_enter_name(nstr, pvalue)\
  i_initial_enter_name(minst->i_ctx_p, nstr, pvalue)

    make_true(&vtrue);
    arg += 2;			/* skip - and letter */
    switch (sw) {
	default:
	    return 1;
	case 0:		/* read stdin as a file char-by-char */
	    /* This is a ******HACK****** for Ghostview. */
	    minst->heap->gs_lib_ctx->stdin_is_interactive = true;
	    goto run_stdin;
	case '_':	/* read stdin with normal buffering */
	    minst->heap->gs_lib_ctx->stdin_is_interactive = false;
run_stdin:
	    minst->run_start = false;	/* don't run 'start' */
	    /* Set NOPAUSE so showpage won't try to read from stdin. */
	    code = swproc(minst, "-dNOPAUSE", pal);
	    if (code)
		return code;
	    code = gs_main_init2(minst);	/* Finish initialization */
	    if (code < 0)
		return code;

	    code = run_string(minst, ".runstdin", runFlush);
	    if (code < 0)
		return code;
	    break;
	case '-':		/* run with command line args */
	case '+':
	    pal->expand_ats = false;
	case '@':		/* ditto with @-expansion */
	    {
		const char *psarg = arg_next(pal, &code);

		if (code < 0)
		    return e_Fatal;
		if (psarg == 0) {
		    outprintf(minst->heap, "Usage: gs ... -%c file.ps arg1 ... argn\n", sw);
		    arg_finit(pal);
		    return e_Fatal;
		}
		psarg = arg_copy(psarg, minst->heap);
		if (psarg == NULL)
		    return e_Fatal;
		code = gs_main_init2(minst);
		if (code < 0)
		    return code;
		code = run_string(minst, "userdict/ARGUMENTS[", 0);
		if (code < 0)
		    return code;
		while ((arg = arg_next(pal, &code)) != 0) {
		    char *fname = arg_copy(arg, minst->heap);
		    if (fname == NULL)
			return e_Fatal;
		    code = runarg(minst, "", fname, "", runInit);
		    if (code < 0)
			return code;
		}
		if (code < 0)
		    return e_Fatal;
		runarg(minst, "]put", psarg, ".runfile", runInit | runFlush);
		return e_Quit;
	    }
	case 'A':		/* trace allocator */
	    switch (*arg) {
		case 0:
		    gs_alloc_debug = 1;
		    break;
		case '-':
		    gs_alloc_debug = 0;
		    break;
		default:
		    puts(minst->heap, "-A may only be followed by -");
		    return e_Fatal;
	    }
	    break;
	case 'B':		/* set run_string buffer size */
	    if (*arg == '-')
		minst->run_buffer_size = 0;
	    else {
		uint bsize;

		if (sscanf((const char *)arg, "%u", &bsize) != 1 ||
		    bsize <= 0 || bsize > MAX_BUFFERED_SIZE
		    ) {
		    outprintf(minst->heap,
			      "-B must be followed by - or size between 1 and %u\n",
			      MAX_BUFFERED_SIZE);
		    return e_Fatal;
		}
		minst->run_buffer_size = bsize;
	    }
	    break;
	case 'c':		/* code follows */
	    {
		bool ats = pal->expand_ats;

		code = gs_main_init2(minst);
		if (code < 0)
		    return code;
		pal->expand_ats = false;
		while ((arg = arg_next(pal, &code)) != 0) {
		    char *sarg;

		    if (arg[0] == '@' ||
			(arg[0] == '-' && !isdigit((unsigned char)arg[1]))
			)
			break;
		    sarg = arg_copy(arg, minst->heap);
		    if (sarg == NULL)
			return e_Fatal;
		    code = runarg(minst, "", sarg, ".runstring", 0);
		    if (code < 0)
			return code;
		}
		if (code < 0)
		    return e_Fatal;
		if (arg != 0) {
		    char *p = arg_copy(arg, minst->heap);
		    if (p == NULL)
			return e_Fatal;
		    arg_push_string(pal, p, true);
		}
		pal->expand_ats = ats;
		break;
	    }
	case 'E':		/* log errors */
	    switch (*arg) {
		case 0:
		    gs_log_errors = 1;
		    break;
		case '-':
		    gs_log_errors = 0;
		    break;
		default:
		    puts(minst->heap, "-E may only be followed by -");
		    return e_Fatal;
	    }
	    break;
	case 'f':		/* run file of arbitrary name */
	    if (*arg != 0) {
		code = argproc(minst, arg);
		if (code < 0)
		    return code;
	    }
	    break;
	case 'F':		/* run file with buffer_size = 1 */
	    if (!*arg) {
		puts(minst->heap, "-F requires a file name");
		return e_Fatal;
	    } {
		uint bsize = minst->run_buffer_size;

		minst->run_buffer_size = 1;
		code = argproc(minst, arg);
		minst->run_buffer_size = bsize;
		if (code < 0)
		    return code;
	    }
	    break;
	case 'g':		/* define device geometry */
	    {
		long width, height;
		ref value;

		if ((code = gs_main_init1(minst)) < 0)
		    return code;
		if (sscanf((const char *)arg, "%ldx%ld", &width, &height) != 2) {
		    puts(minst->heap, "-g must be followed by <width>x<height>");
		    return e_Fatal;
		}
		make_int(&value, width);
		initial_enter_name("DEVICEWIDTH", &value);
		make_int(&value, height);
		initial_enter_name("DEVICEHEIGHT", &value);
		initial_enter_name("FIXEDMEDIA", &vtrue);
		break;
	    }
	case 'h':		/* print help */
	case '?':		/* ditto */
	    print_help(minst);
	    return e_Info;	/* show usage info on exit */
	case 'I':		/* specify search path */
	    {
		char *path = arg_copy(arg, minst->heap);
		if (path == NULL)
		    return e_Fatal;
		gs_main_add_lib_path(minst, path);
	    }
	    break;
	case 'K':		/* set malloc limit */
	    {
		long msize = 0;
		gs_malloc_memory_t *rawheap = gs_malloc_wrapped_contents(minst->heap);

		sscanf((const char *)arg, "%ld", &msize);
		if (msize <= 0 || msize > max_long >> 10) {
		    outprintf(minst->heap, "-K<numK> must have 1 <= numK <= %ld\n",
			      max_long >> 10);
		    return e_Fatal;
		}
	        rawheap->limit = msize << 10;
	    }
	    break;
	case 'M':		/* set memory allocation increment */
	    {
		unsigned msize = 0;

		sscanf((const char *)arg, "%u", &msize);
#if ARCH_INTS_ARE_SHORT
		if (msize <= 0 || msize >= 64) {
		    puts(minst->heap, "-M must be between 1 and 63");
		    return e_Fatal;
		}
#endif
		minst->memory_chunk_size = msize << 10;
	    }
	    break;
	case 'N':		/* set size of name table */
	    {
		unsigned nsize = 0;

		sscanf((const char *)arg, "%d", &nsize);
#if ARCH_INTS_ARE_SHORT
		if (nsize < 2 || nsize > 64) {
		    puts(minst->heap, "-N must be between 2 and 64");
		    return e_Fatal;
		}
#endif
		minst->name_table_size = (ulong) nsize << 10;
	    }
	    break;
	case 'o':		/* set output file name and batch mode */
	    {
		const char *adef;
		char *str;
		ref value;
		int len;

		if (arg[0] == 0) {
		    adef = arg_next(pal, &code);
		    if (code < 0)
			return code;
		} else
		    adef = arg;
		if ((code = gs_main_init1(minst)) < 0)
		    return code;
		len = strlen(adef);
		str = (char *)gs_alloc_bytes(minst->heap, (uint)len, "-o");
		memcpy(str, adef, len);
		make_const_string(&value, a_readonly | avm_foreign,
				  len, (const byte *)str);
		initial_enter_name("OutputFile", &value);
		initial_enter_name("NOPAUSE", &vtrue);
		initial_enter_name("BATCH", &vtrue);
	    }
	    break;
	case 'P':		/* choose whether search '.' first */
	    if (!strcmp(arg, ""))
		minst->search_here_first = true;
	    else if (!strcmp(arg, "-"))
		minst->search_here_first = false;
	    else {
		puts(minst->heap, "Only -P or -P- is allowed.");
		return e_Fatal;
	    }
	    break;
	case 'q':		/* quiet startup */
	    if ((code = gs_main_init1(minst)) < 0)
		return code;
	    initial_enter_name("QUIET", &vtrue);
	    break;
	case 'r':		/* define device resolution */
	    {
		float xres, yres;
		ref value;

		if ((code = gs_main_init1(minst)) < 0)
		    return code;
		switch (sscanf((const char *)arg, "%fx%f", &xres, &yres)) {
		    default:
			puts(minst->heap, "-r must be followed by <res> or <xres>x<yres>");
			return e_Fatal;
		    case 1:	/* -r<res> */
			yres = xres;
		    case 2:	/* -r<xres>x<yres> */
			make_real(&value, xres);
			initial_enter_name("DEVICEXRESOLUTION", &value);
			make_real(&value, yres);
			initial_enter_name("DEVICEYRESOLUTION", &value);
			initial_enter_name("FIXEDRESOLUTION", &vtrue);
		}
		break;
	    }
	case 'D':		/* define name */
	case 'd':
	case 'S':		/* define name as string */
	case 's':
	    {
		char *adef = arg_copy(arg, minst->heap);
		char *eqp;
		bool isd = (sw == 'D' || sw == 'd');
		ref value;

		if (adef == NULL)
		    return e_Fatal;
		eqp = strchr(adef, '=');

		if (eqp == NULL)
		    eqp = strchr(adef, '#');
		/* Initialize the object memory, scanner, and */
		/* name table now if needed. */
		if ((code = gs_main_init1(minst)) < 0)
		    return code;
		if (eqp == adef) {
		    puts(minst->heap, "Usage: -dname, -dname=token, -sname=string");
		    return e_Fatal;
		}
		if (eqp == NULL) {
		    if (isd)
			make_true(&value);
		    else
			make_empty_string(&value, a_readonly);
		} else {
		    int code;
		    i_ctx_t *i_ctx_p = minst->i_ctx_p;
		    uint space = icurrent_space;

		    *eqp++ = 0;
		    ialloc_set_space(idmemory, avm_system);
		    if (isd) {
			stream astream;
			scanner_state state;

			s_init(&astream, NULL);
			sread_string(&astream,
				     (const byte *)eqp, strlen(eqp));
			scanner_init_stream(&state, &astream);
			code = scan_token(minst->i_ctx_p, &value, &state);
			if (code) {
			    puts(minst->heap, "-dname= must be followed by a valid token");
			    return e_Fatal;
			}
			if (r_has_type_attrs(&value, t_name,
					     a_executable)) {
			    ref nsref;

			    name_string_ref(minst->heap, &value, &nsref);
#define string_is(nsref, str, len)\
  (r_size(&(nsref)) == (len) &&\
   !strncmp((const char *)(nsref).value.const_bytes, str, (len)))
			    if (string_is(nsref, "null", 4))
				make_null(&value);
			    else if (string_is(nsref, "true", 4))
				make_true(&value);
			    else if (string_is(nsref, "false", 5))
				make_false(&value);
			    else {
				puts(minst->heap,
				     "-dvar=name requires name=null, true, or false");
				return e_Fatal;
			    }
#undef name_is_string
			}
		    } else {
			int len = strlen(eqp);
			char *str =
			(char *)gs_alloc_bytes(minst->heap,
					       (uint) len, "-s");

			if (str == 0) {
			    lprintf("Out of memory!\n");
			    return e_Fatal;
			}
			memcpy(str, eqp, len);
			make_const_string(&value,
					  a_readonly | avm_foreign,
					  len, (const byte *)str);
			if ((code = try_stdout_redirect(minst, adef, eqp)) < 0)
			    return code;
		    }
		    ialloc_set_space(idmemory, space);
		}
		/* Enter the name in systemdict. */
		initial_enter_name(adef, &value);
		break;
	    }
	case 'T':
            set_debug_flags(arg, vd_flags);
	    break;
	case 'u':		/* undefine name */
	    if (!*arg) {
		puts(minst->heap, "-u requires a name to undefine.");
		return e_Fatal;
	    }
	    if ((code = gs_main_init1(minst)) < 0)
		return code;
	    i_initial_remove_name(minst->i_ctx_p, arg);
	    break;
	case 'v':		/* print revision */
	    print_revision(minst);
	    return e_Info;
/*#ifdef DEBUG */
	    /*
	     * Here we provide a place for inserting debugging code that can be
	     * run in place of the normal interpreter code.
	     */
	case 'X':
	    code = gs_main_init2(minst);
	    if (code < 0)
		return code;
	    {
		int xec;	/* exit_code */
		ref xeo;	/* error_object */

#define start_x()\
  gs_main_run_string_begin(minst, 1, &xec, &xeo)
#define run_x(str)\
  gs_main_run_string_continue(minst, str, strlen(str), 1, &xec, &xeo)
#define stop_x()\
  gs_main_run_string_end(minst, 1, &xec, &xeo)
		start_x();
		run_x("\216\003abc");
		run_x("== flush\n");
		stop_x();
	    }
	    return e_Quit;
/*#endif */
	case 'Z':
            set_debug_flags(arg, gs_debug);
	    break;
    }
    return 0;
}

/* Define versions of strlen and strcat that encode strings in hex. */
/* This is so we can enter escaped characters regardless of whether */
/* the Level 1 convention of ignoring \s in strings-within-strings */
/* is being observed (sigh). */
static int
esc_strlen(const char *str)
{
    return strlen(str) * 2 + 2;
}
static void
esc_strcat(char *dest, const char *src)
{
    char *d = dest + strlen(dest);
    const char *p;
    static const char *const hex = "0123456789abcdef";

    *d++ = '<';
    for (p = src; *p; p++) {
	byte c = (byte) * p;

	*d++ = hex[c >> 4];
	*d++ = hex[c & 0xf];
    }
    *d++ = '>';
    *d = 0;
}

/* Process file names */
static int
argproc(gs_main_instance * minst, const char *arg)
{
    int code = gs_main_init1(minst);		/* need i_ctx_p to proceed */
    char *filearg;

    if (code < 0)
        return code;
    filearg = arg_copy(arg, minst->heap);
    if (filearg == NULL)
        return e_Fatal;
    if (minst->run_buffer_size) {
	/* Run file with run_string. */
	return run_buffered(minst, filearg);
    } else {
	/* Run file directly in the normal way. */
	return runarg(minst, "", filearg, ".runfile", runInit | runFlush);
    }
}
static int
run_buffered(gs_main_instance * minst, const char *arg)
{
    FILE *in = gp_fopen(arg, gp_fmode_rb);
    int exit_code;
    ref error_object;
    int code;

    if (in == 0) {
	outprintf(minst->heap, "Unable to open %s for reading", arg);
	return_error(e_invalidfileaccess);
    }
    code = gs_main_init2(minst);
    if (code < 0) {
        fclose(in);
	return code;
    }
    code = gs_main_run_string_begin(minst, minst->user_errors,
				    &exit_code, &error_object);
    if (!code) {
	char buf[MAX_BUFFERED_SIZE];
	int count;

	code = e_NeedInput;
	while ((count = fread(buf, 1, minst->run_buffer_size, in)) > 0) {
	    code = gs_main_run_string_continue(minst, buf, count,
					       minst->user_errors,
					       &exit_code, &error_object);
	    if (code != e_NeedInput)
		break;
	}
	if (code == e_NeedInput) {
	    code = gs_main_run_string_end(minst, minst->user_errors,
					  &exit_code, &error_object);
	}
    }
    fclose(in);
    zflush(minst->i_ctx_p);
    zflushpage(minst->i_ctx_p);
    return run_finish(minst, code, exit_code, &error_object);
}
static int
runarg(gs_main_instance * minst, const char *pre, const char *arg,
       const char *post, int options)
{
    int len = strlen(pre) + esc_strlen(arg) + strlen(post) + 1;
    int code;
    char *line;

    if (options & runInit) {
	code = gs_main_init2(minst);	/* Finish initialization */

	if (code < 0)
	    return code;
    }
    line = (char *)gs_alloc_bytes(minst->heap, len, "argproc");
    if (line == 0) {
	lprintf("Out of memory!\n");
	return_error(e_VMerror);
    }
    strcpy(line, pre);
    esc_strcat(line, arg);
    strcat(line, post);
    minst->i_ctx_p->starting_arg_file = true;
    code = run_string(minst, line, options);
    minst->i_ctx_p->starting_arg_file = false;
    return code;
}
static int
run_string(gs_main_instance * minst, const char *str, int options)
{
    int exit_code;
    ref error_object;
    int code = gs_main_run_string(minst, str, minst->user_errors,
				  &exit_code, &error_object);

    if ((options & runFlush) || code != 0) {
	zflush(minst->i_ctx_p);		/* flush stdout */
	zflushpage(minst->i_ctx_p);	/* force display update */
    }
    return run_finish(minst, code, exit_code, &error_object);
}
static int
run_finish(gs_main_instance *minst, int code, int exit_code,
	   ref * perror_object)
{
    switch (code) {
	case e_Quit:
	case 0:
	    break;
	case e_Fatal:
	    eprintf1("Unrecoverable error, exit code %d\n", exit_code);
	    break;
	default:
	    gs_main_dump_stack(minst, code, perror_object);
    }
    return code;
}

/* Redirect stdout to a file:
 *  -sstdout=filename
 *  -sstdout=-
 *  -sstdout=%stdout
 *  -sstdout=%stderr
 * -sOutputFile=- is not affected.
 * File is closed at program exit (if not stdout/err)
 * or when -sstdout is used again.
 */
static int
try_stdout_redirect(gs_main_instance * minst,
    const char *command, const char *filename)
{
    if (strcmp(command, "stdout") == 0) {
	minst->heap->gs_lib_ctx->stdout_to_stderr = 0;
	minst->heap->gs_lib_ctx->stdout_is_redirected = 0;
	/* If stdout already being redirected and it is not stdout
	 * or stderr, close it
	 */
	if (minst->heap->gs_lib_ctx->fstdout2
	    && (minst->heap->gs_lib_ctx->fstdout2 != minst->heap->gs_lib_ctx->fstdout)
	    && (minst->heap->gs_lib_ctx->fstdout2 != minst->heap->gs_lib_ctx->fstderr)) {
	    fclose(minst->heap->gs_lib_ctx->fstdout2);
	    minst->heap->gs_lib_ctx->fstdout2 = (FILE *)NULL;
	}
	/* If stdout is being redirected, set minst->fstdout2 */
	if ( (filename != 0) && strlen(filename) &&
	    strcmp(filename, "-") && strcmp(filename, "%stdout") ) {
	    if (strcmp(filename, "%stderr") == 0) {
		minst->heap->gs_lib_ctx->stdout_to_stderr = 1;
	    }
	    else if ((minst->heap->gs_lib_ctx->fstdout2 =
		      fopen(filename, "w")) == (FILE *)NULL)
		return_error(e_invalidfileaccess);
	    minst->heap->gs_lib_ctx->stdout_is_redirected = 1;
	}
	return 0;
    }
    return 1;
}

/* ---------------- Print information ---------------- */

/*
 * Help strings.  We have to break them up into parts, because
 * the Watcom compiler has a limit of 510 characters for a single token.
 * For PC displays, we want to limit the strings to 24 lines.
 */
static const char help_usage1[] = "\
Usage: gs [switches] [file1.ps file2.ps ...]\n\
Most frequently used switches: (you can use # in place of =)\n\
 -dNOPAUSE           no pause after page   | -q       `quiet', fewer messages\n\
 -g<width>x<height>  page size in pixels   | -r<res>  pixels/inch resolution\n";
static const char help_usage2[] = "\
 -sDEVICE=<devname>  select device         | -dBATCH  exit after last file\n\
 -sOutputFile=<file> select output file: - for stdout, |command for pipe,\n\
                                         embed %d or %ld for page #\n";
static const char help_trailer[] = "\
For more information, see %s.\n\
Please report bugs to bugs.ghostscript.com.\n";
static const char help_devices[] = "Available devices:";
static const char help_default_device[] = "Default output device:";
static const char help_emulators[] = "Input formats:";
static const char help_paths[] = "Search path:";

extern_gx_io_device_table();

/* Print the standard help message. */
static void
print_help(gs_main_instance * minst)
{
    int i, have_rom_device = 0;

    print_revision(minst);
    print_usage(minst);
    print_emulators(minst);
    print_devices(minst);
    print_paths(minst);
    /* Check if we have the %rom device */
    for (i = 0; i < gx_io_device_table_count; i++) {
	const gx_io_device *iodev = gx_io_device_table[i];
	const char *dname = iodev->dname;

	if (dname && strlen(dname) == 5 && !memcmp("%rom%", dname, 5)) {
	    have_rom_device = 1;
	    break;
	}
    }
    if (have_rom_device) {
        outprintf(minst->heap, "Initialization files are compiled into the executable.\n");
    }
    print_help_trailer(minst);
}

/* Print the revision, revision date, and copyright. */
static void
print_revision(const gs_main_instance *minst)
{
    printf_program_ident(minst->heap, gs_product, gs_revision);
    outprintf(minst->heap, " (%d-%02d-%02d)\n%s\n",
	    (int)(gs_revisiondate / 10000),
	    (int)(gs_revisiondate / 100 % 100),
	    (int)(gs_revisiondate % 100),
	    gs_copyright);
}

/* Print the version number. */
static void
print_version(const gs_main_instance *minst)
{
    printf_program_ident(minst->heap, NULL, gs_revision);
}

/* Print usage information. */
static void
print_usage(const gs_main_instance *minst)
{
    outprintf(minst->heap, "%s", help_usage1);
    outprintf(minst->heap, "%s", help_usage2);
}

/* compare function for qsort */
static int
cmpstr(const void *v1, const void *v2)
{
    return strcmp( *(char * const *)v1, *(char * const *)v2 );
}

/* Print the list of available devices. */
static void
print_devices(const gs_main_instance *minst)
{
    outprintf(minst->heap, "%s", help_default_device);
    outprintf(minst->heap, " %s\n", gs_devicename(gs_getdefaultdevice()));
    outprintf(minst->heap, "%s", help_devices);
    {
	int i;
	int pos = 100;
	const gx_device *pdev;
	const char **names;
	size_t ndev = 0;

	for (i = 0; gs_getdevice(i) != 0; i++)
	    ;
	ndev = (size_t)i;
	names = (const char **)gs_alloc_bytes(minst->heap, ndev * sizeof(const char*), "print_devices");
	if (names == (const char **)NULL) { /* old-style unsorted device list */
	    for (i = 0; (pdev = gs_getdevice(i)) != 0; i++) {
		const char *dname = gs_devicename(pdev);
		int len = strlen(dname);

		if (pos + 1 + len > 76)
		    outprintf(minst->heap, "\n  "), pos = 2;
		outprintf(minst->heap, " %s", dname);
		pos += 1 + len;
	    }
	}
	else {				/* new-style sorted device list */
	    for (i = 0; (pdev = gs_getdevice(i)) != 0; i++)
		names[i] = gs_devicename(pdev);
	    qsort((void*)names, ndev, sizeof(const char*), cmpstr);
	    for (i = 0; i < ndev; i++) {
		int len = strlen(names[i]);

		if (pos + 1 + len > 76)
		    outprintf(minst->heap, "\n  "), pos = 2;
		outprintf(minst->heap, " %s", names[i]);
		pos += 1 + len;
	    }
	    gs_free(minst->heap, (char *)names, ndev * sizeof(const char*), 1, "print_devices");
	}
    }
    outprintf(minst->heap, "\n");
}

/* Print the list of language emulators. */
static void
print_emulators(const gs_main_instance *minst)
{
    outprintf(minst->heap, "%s", help_emulators);
    {
	const ref *pes;

	for (pes = gs_emulator_name_array;
	     pes->value.const_bytes != 0; pes++
	    )
	    /*
	     * Even though gs_emulator_name_array is declared and used as
	     * an array of string refs, each string is actually a
	     * (null terminated) C string.
	     */
	    outprintf(minst->heap, " %s", (const char *)pes->value.const_bytes);
    }
    outprintf(minst->heap, "\n");
}

/* Print the search paths. */
static void
print_paths(gs_main_instance * minst)
{
    outprintf(minst->heap, "%s", help_paths);
    gs_main_set_lib_paths(minst);
    {
	uint count = r_size(&minst->lib_path.list);
	uint i;
	int pos = 100;
	char fsepr[3];

	fsepr[0] = ' ', fsepr[1] = gp_file_name_list_separator,
	    fsepr[2] = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
	    const ref *prdir =
	    minst->lib_path.list.value.refs + i;
	    uint len = r_size(prdir);
	    const char *sepr = (i == count - 1 ? "" : fsepr);

	    if (1 + pos + strlen(sepr) + len > 76)
		outprintf(minst->heap, "\n  "), pos = 2;
	    outprintf(minst->heap, " ");
	    /*
	     * This is really ugly, but it's necessary because some
	     * platforms rely on all console output being funneled through
	     * outprintf.  We wish we could just do:
	     fwrite(prdir->value.bytes, 1, len, minst->fstdout);
	     */
	    {
		const char *p = (const char *)prdir->value.bytes;
		uint j;

		for (j = len; j; j--)
		    outprintf(minst->heap, "%c", *p++);
	    }
	    outprintf(minst->heap, "%s", sepr);
	    pos += 1 + len + strlen(sepr);
	}
    }
    outprintf(minst->heap, "\n");
}

/* Print the help trailer. */
static void
print_help_trailer(const gs_main_instance *minst)
{
    char buffer[gp_file_name_sizeof];
    const char *use_htm = "Use.htm", *p = buffer;
    uint blen = sizeof(buffer);

    if (gp_file_name_combine(gs_doc_directory, strlen(gs_doc_directory),
	    use_htm, strlen(use_htm), false, buffer, &blen) != gp_combine_success)
	p = use_htm;
    outprintf(minst->heap, help_trailer, p);
}