1d his 2 3 (FILE 'HOME' ENTERED AT 10:08:33 ON 03 APR 1997) 4 5 FILE 'INSPEC' ENTERED AT 10:09:18 ON 03 APR 1997 6 ACT MROWKA/A 7 --------- 8L1 ( 1053)SEA FILE=INSPEC (RELAXATION METHOD?/TI,CT,ST) 9L2 ( 2)SEA FILE=INSPEC L1 AND REVIEW/TI,CT 10L3 ( 2)SEA FILE=INSPEC L1 AND REVIEW/ST 11L4 ( 4)SEA FILE=INSPEC L2 OR L3 12L5 ( 12788)SEA FILE=INSPEC A4710/CC 13L6 ( 31)SEA FILE=INSPEC L1 AND L5 14L7 ( 382)SEA FILE=INSPEC (RELAXATION METHOD?/TI) 15L8 404 SEA FILE=INSPEC L4 OR L6 OR L7 16 --------- 17 18=> d bib ab 1-4,6,7,10,11,13,14-17,19-21,24,27,29,32,33,37,41,44-47,50,51,58,66,69,71,78,88,96,99,101,125,126,136,137,145,155 19 20L8 ANSWER 1 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 21AN 97:5515417 INSPEC DN A9708-4755E-001 22TI An implicit ***relaxation*** ***method*** for calculating 23 steady two-dimensional flows of a spontaneously condensing vapour. 24AU Kosolapov, Yu.S.; Liberzon, A.S. 25SO Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics (1996) vol.36, 26 no.6, p.805-15. 23 refs. 27 Doc. No.: S0965-5425(96)00098-1 28 Published by: Elsevier 29 Price: CCCC 0965-5425/96/$24.00+.00 30 CODEN: CMMPA9 ISSN: 0965-5425 31 SICI (Trl): 0965-5425(1996)36:6L.805:IRMC;1-7 32 Translation of: Zhurnal Vychislitel'noi Matematiki i Matematicheskoi 33 Fiziki (1996) vol.36, no.6, p.138-51. 23 refs. 34 CODEN: ZVMFAN ISSN: 0044-4669 35 SICI: 0044-4669(1996)36:6L.138;1-7 36DT Journal; Translation Abstracted 37TC Theoretical 38CY Russian Federation; United Kingdom 39LA English 40AB An implicit monotone relaxation method of second-order of accuracy 41 with respect to the space coordinates for calculating steady 42 two-dimensional flows of spontaneously condensing and wet steam is 43 constructed. Possible applications of the method are demonstrated 44 using the examples of the calculation of flows of spontaneously 45 condensing vapour in nozzles and turbine cascades. A comparison is 46 made with calculation and the experimental results obtained 47 elsewhere. 48 49L8 ANSWER 2 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 50AN 96:5495029 INSPEC DN B9703-0290F-025; C9703-4130-037 51TI Convergence of waveform ***relaxation*** ***methods*** for 52 differential-algebraic systems. 53AU Jackiewicz, Z. (Dept. of Math., Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ, 54 USA); Kwapisz, M. 55SO SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis (Dec. 1996) vol.33, no.6, 56 p.2303-17. 25 refs. 57 Published by: SIAM 58 Price: CCCC 0036-1429/96/$2.00+0.15 59 CODEN: SJNAEQ ISSN: 0036-1429 60 SICI: 0036-1429(199612)33:6L.2303:CWRM;1-1 61DT Journal 62TC Theoretical 63CY United States 64LA English 65AB This paper gives sufficient conditions for existence and uniqueness 66 of solutions and for the convergence of Picard iterations and more 67 general waveform relaxation methods for differential-algebraic 68 systems of neutral type. The results are obtained by the contraction 69 mapping principle on Banach spaces with weighted norms and by the 70 use of the Perron-Frobenius theory of nonnegative and nonreducible 71 matrices. It is demonstrated that waveform relaxation methods are 72 convergent faster than the classical Picard iterations. 73 74L8 ANSWER 3 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 75AN 96:5468386 INSPEC DN B9702-0290P-020; C9702-4170-023 76TI Fourier-Laplace analysis of the multigrid waveform 77 ***relaxation*** ***method*** for hyperbolic equations. 78AU Shlomo Ta'Asan (Dept. of Math., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, 79 PA, USA); Hong Zhang 80SO BIT (Dec. 1996) vol.36, no.4, p.831-41. 19 refs. 81 Published by: BIT Found 82 CODEN: BITTEL ISSN: 0006-3835 83 SICI: 0006-3835(199612)36:4L.831:FLAM;1-7 84DT Journal 85TC Theoretical 86CY Denmark 87LA English 88AB The multigrid waveform relaxation (WR) algorithm has been fairly 89 studied and implemented for parabolic equations. It has been found 90 that the performance of the multigrid WR method for a parabolic 91 equation is practically the same as that of multigrid iteration for 92 the associated steady state elliptic equation. However, the 93 properties of the multigrid WR method for hyperbolic problems are 94 relatively unknown. This paper studies the multigrid acceleration to 95 the WR iteration for hyperbolic problems, with a focus on the 96 convergence comparison between the multigrid WR iteration and the 97 multigrid iteration for the corresponding steady state equations. 98 Using a Fourier-Laplace analysis in two case studies, it is found 99 that the multigrid performance on hyperbolic problems no longer 100 shares the close resemblance in convergence factors between the WR 101 iteration for parabolic equations and the iteration for the 102 associated steady state equations. 103 104L8 ANSWER 4 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 105AN 96:5467447 INSPEC DN A9704-8710-001; C9702-1290L-110 106TI Fast multiple alignment of ungapped DNA sequences using information 107 theory and a ***relaxation*** ***method*** . 108AU Schneider, T.D. (Lab. of Math. Biol., Nat. Cancer Inst., Frederick, 109 MD, USA); Mastronarde, D.N. 110SO Discrete Applied Mathematics (5 Dec. 1996) vol.71, no.1-3, p.259-68. 111 22 refs. 112 Published by: Elsevier 113 Price: CCCC 0166-218X/96/$15.00 114 CODEN: DAMADU ISSN: 0166-218X 115 SICI: 0166-218X(19961205)71:1/3L.259:FMAU;1-3 116DT Journal 117TC Theoretical 118CY Netherlands 119LA English 120AB An information theory based multiple alignment ("Malign") method was 121 used to align the DNA binding sequences of the OxyR and Fis 122 proteins, whose sequence conservation is so spread out that it is 123 difficult to identify the sites. In the algorithm described, the 124 information content of the sequences is used as a unique global 125 criterion for the quality of the alignment. The algorithm uses 126 look-up tables to avoid recalculating computationally expensive 127 functions such as the logarithm. Because there are no arbitrary 128 constants and because the results are reported in absolute units 129 (bits), the best alignment can be chosen without ambiguity. Starting 130 from randomly selected alignments, a hill-climbing algorithm can 131 track through the immense space of sn combinations, where s is the 132 number of sequences and n is the number of positions possible for 133 each sequence. Instead of producing a single alignment, the 134 algorithm is fast enough that one can afford to use many start 135 points and to classify the solutions. Good convergence is indicated 136 by the presence of a single well-populated solution class having 137 higher information content than other classes. The existence of 138 several distinct classes for the Fis protein indicates that those 139 binding sites have self-similar features. 140 141L8 ANSWER 6 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 142AN 96:5462446 INSPEC DN A9703-0720F-002 143TI Calorimeter apparatus using a thermal ***relaxation*** 144 ***method*** . 145AU Azechi, L.S.; da Costa, R.F.; Medina, A.N.; Gandra, F.C.G. (Dept. de 146 Eletronica Quantica, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil) 147SO Revista de Fisica Aplicada e Instrumentacao (June 1995) vol.10, 148 no.2, p.70-5. 8 refs. 149 Published by: Sociedade Brasileira Fisica 150 CODEN: RFAIEE ISSN: 0102-6895 151 SICI: 0102-6895(199506)10:2L.70:CAUT;1-6 152DT Journal 153TC Experimental 154CY Brazil 155LA Portuguese 156AB In this work a specific heat apparatus based on the sample thermal 157 relaxation method is presented. The system is designed for small 158 samples and can be implemented for any temperature range. A full 159 description of the system is given together with some results which 160 ensure the capability of the method. 161 162L8 ANSWER 7 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 163AN 96:5443790 INSPEC DN B9701-6140C-449; C9701-1250-249 164TI Robust ***relaxation*** ***method*** for structural matching 165 under uncertainty. 166AU Horiuchi, T. (Inst. of Inf. Sci. & Electron., Tsukuba Univ., 167 Ibaraki, Japan); Yamamoto, K.; Yamada, H. 168SO Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Pattern 169 Recognition 170 Los Alamitos, CA, USA: IEEE Comput. Soc. Press, 1996. p.176-80 vol.2 171 of 4 vol. (xxxi+976+xxix+922+xxxi+1008+xxix+788) pp. 8 refs. 172 Conference: Vienna, Austria, 25-29 Aug 1996 173 Sponsor(s): Int. Assoc. Pattern Recognition 174 Price: CCCC 1015-4851/96/$5.00 175 ISBN: 0-8186-7282-X 176DT Conference Article 177TC Theoretical 178CY United States 179LA English 180AB Probabilistic relaxation labeling processes have been widely used in 181 many different fields including image processing, pattern 182 recognition, and artificial intelligence. However it is impossible 183 to express conviction degrees to be related to human subjectivity. 184 We propose a novel relaxation scheme called "robust relaxation" for 185 structural matching under uncertainty. Since this method is 186 constructed on the Dempster-Shafer measure, the above problem can be 187 solved. 188 189L8 ANSWER 10 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 190AN 96:5411436 INSPEC DN B9612-0250-021; C9612-1160-031 191TI An epsilon - ***relaxation*** ***method*** for generalized 192 separable convex cost network flow problems. 193AU Tseng, P. (Dept. of Math., Washington Univ., Seattle, WA, USA); 194 Bertsekas, D.P. 195SO Integer Programming and Combinatorial Optimization. 5th 196 International IPCO Conference Proceedings 197 Editor(s): Cunningham, W.C.; McCormick, S.T.; Queyranne, M. 198 Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 1996. p.85-93 of x+504 pp. 21 199 refs. 200 Conference: Vancouver, BC, Canada, 3-5 June 1996 201 Sponsor(s): Math. Programming Soc 202 ISBN: 3-540-61310-2 203DT Conference Article 204TC Theoretical 205CY Germany, Federal Republic of 206LA English 207AB Proposes an extension of the epsilon -relaxation method to 208 generalized network flow problems with separable convex cost. The 209 method maintains epsilon -complementary slackness satisfied at all 210 iterations and adjusts the arc flows and the node prices so as to 211 satisfy flow conservation upon termination. Each iteration of the 212 method involves either a price change at a node or a flow change at 213 an arc or a flow change around a simple cycle. Complexity bounds for 214 the method are derived. For one implementation employing epsilon 215 -scaling, the bound is polynomial in the number of nodes N, the 216 number of arcs A, a certain constant Gamma depending on the arc 217 gains, and ln( epsilon 0/ epsilon ), where epsilon 0 and epsilon 218 denote, respectively, the initial and the final epsilon . 219 220L8 ANSWER 11 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 221AN 96:5400764 INSPEC DN C9612-4130-004 222TI A class of parallel nonlinear multisplitting ***relaxation*** 223 ***methods*** for the large sparse nonlinear complementarity 224 problems. 225AU Zhong-Zhi Bai (Acad. Sinica, Beijing, China); De-Ren Wang 226SO Computers & Mathematics with Applications (Oct. 1996) vol.32, no.8, 227 p.79-95. 15 refs. 228 Doc. No.: S0898-1221(96)00169-1 229 Published by: Elsevier 230 Price: CCCC 0898-1221/96/$15.00+0.00 231 CODEN: CMAPDK ISSN: 0898-1221 232 SICI: 0898-1221(199610)32:8L.79:CPNM;1-7 233DT Journal 234TC Theoretical 235CY United Kingdom 236LA English 237AB By making use of the nonlinear multisplitting and nonlinear 238 relaxation techniques, we present a class of parallel nonlinear 239 multisplitting successive overrelaxation methods for solving large 240 sparse nonlinear complementarity problems on modern high-speed 241 multiprocessors. These new methods particularly include the 242 so-called nonlinear multisplitting SOR-Newton method, the nonlinear 243 multisplitting SOR-chord method, and the nonlinear multisplitting 244 SOR-Steffensen method. Under suitable conditions, we establish local 245 convergence theories of the new methods, and investigate their 246 asymptotic convergence rates. Numerical results show that our new 247 methods are feasible and efficient for parallel solution of 248 nonlinear complementarity problems. 249 250L8 ANSWER 13 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 251AN 96:5350970 INSPEC DN B9610-6140C-043; C9610-5260B-035 252TI Feature detection of moving images using a hierarchical 253 ***relaxation*** ***method*** . 254AU Dingding Chang; Hashimoto, S. (Dept. of Appl. Phys., Waseda Univ., 255 Tokyo, Japan) 256SO IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems (July 1996) vol.E79-D, 257 no.7, p.997-9. 14 refs. 258 Published by: Inst. Electron. Inf. & Commun. Eng 259 CODEN: ITISEF ISSN: 0916-8532 260 SICI: 0916-8532(199607)E79D:7L.997:FDMI;1-D 261DT Journal 262TC Practical 263CY Japan 264LA English 265AB A hierarchical relaxation method is presented for detecting local 266 features in moving images. The relaxation processes are performed on 267 the temporal spatial pyramid, which is a multi resolution data 268 structure for the moving images. The accurate and high speed edge 269 detection can be obtained by using information in the neighboring 270 frames as well as the processed results in the higher layers of the 271 pyramid. 272 273L8 ANSWER 14 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 274AN 96:5342789 INSPEC DN B9609-0290P-006; C9609-4170-007 275TI Chaotic waveform ***relaxation*** ***methods*** for 276 dynamical systems. 277AU Yongzhong Song (Dept. of Math., Nanjing Normal Univ., China) 278SO Applied Mathematics and Computation (Aug. 1996) vol.78, no.1, 279 p.83-100. 9 refs. 280 Published by: Elsevier 281 Price: CCCC 0096-3003/96/$15.00 282 CODEN: AMHCBQ ISSN: 0096-3003 283 SICI: 0096-3003(199608)78:1L.83:CWRM;1-9 284DT Journal 285TC Theoretical 286CY United States 287LA English 288AB For solving the large dynamical systems of initial value problems 289 that can be described by a system of mixed implicit differential 290 equations, the waveform relaxation (WR) methods are proposed and 291 investigated by some mathematicians. In this paper, in order to 292 compute the WR methods on parallel processors and to avoid the 293 synchronization costs, the chaotic waveform relaxation (WR) methods 294 are presented and their convergence is investigated. As for the 295 special cases, the nonlinear ODEs, linear ODEs and semi-explicit 296 DAEs are discussed, respectively. 297 298L8 ANSWER 15 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 299AN 96:5342518 INSPEC DN A9618-4710-014; C9609-7320-087 300TI Data-parallel lower-upper ***relaxation*** ***method*** for 301 the Navier-Stokes equations. 302AU Wright, M.J.; Candler, G.V.; Prampolini, M. (Minnesota Univ., 303 Minneapolis, MN, USA) 304SO AIAA Journal (July 1996) vol.34, no.7, p.1371-7. 15 refs. 305 Published by: AIAA 306 Price: CCCC 0001-1452/96/$2.00+.50 307 CODEN: AIAJAH ISSN: 0001-1452 308 SICI: 0001-1452(199607)34:7L.1371:DPLU;1-2 309DT Journal 310TC Theoretical 311CY United States 312LA English 313AB The lower-upper symmetric Gauss-Seidel method is modified for the 314 simulation of viscous flows on massively parallel computers. The 315 resulting diagonal data-parallel lower-upper relaxation (DP-LUR) 316 method is shown to have good convergence properties on many 317 problems. However, the convergence rate decreases on the high cell 318 aspect ratio grids required to simulate high Reynolds number flows. 319 Therefore, the diagonal approximation is relaxed, and a full matrix 320 version of the DP-LUR method is derived. The full matrix method 321 retains the data-parallel properties of the original and reduces the 322 sensitivity of the convergence rate to the aspect ratio of the 323 computational grid. Both methods are implemented on the Thinking 324 Machines CM-5, and a large fraction of the peak theoretical 325 performance of the machine is obtained. The low memory use and high 326 parallel efficiency of the methods make them attractive for 327 large-scale simulation of viscous flows. 328 329L8 ANSWER 16 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 FIZ KARLSRUHE 330AN 96:5323906 INSPEC DN A9616-4740K-008 331TI ***Relaxation*** ***method*** for 3-D problems in supersonic 332 aerodynamics. 333AU Karamyshev, V.; Kovenya, V.; Cherny, S. (Inst. of Comput. Technol., 334 Rossijskaya Akad. Nauk, Novosibirsk, Russia) 335SO Fourteenth International Conference on Numerical Methods in Fluid 336 Dynamics. Proceedings of the Conference 337 Editor(s): Deshpande, S.M.; Desai, S.S.; Narasimha, R. 338 Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 1995. p.280-4 of xiii+588 pp. 3 339 refs. 340 Conference: Bangalore, India, 11-15 July 1994 341 ISBN: 3-540-59280-6 342DT Conference Article 343TC Theoretical 344CY Germany, Federal Republic of 345LA English 346AB A version of global iterations method is considered for the 347 numerical solution of stationary 3-D problems of supersonic 348 aerodynamics with the accelerated convergence of internal iteration 349 processes in marching cross-sections by the least square method. 350 351L8 ANSWER 17 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 352AN 96:5311610 INSPEC DN B9608-0290Z-005; C9608-4190-003 353TI The monotone convergence of a class of parallel nonlinear 354 ***relaxation*** ***methods*** for nonlinear complementarity 355 problems. 356AU Zhong-Zhi Bai (State Key Lab., Acad. Sinica, Beijing, China) 357SO Computers & Mathematics with Applications (June 1996) vol.31, no.12, 358 p.17-33. 26 refs. 359 Doc. No.: S0898-1221(96)00073-9 360 Published by: Elsevier 361 Price: CCCC 0898-1221/96/$15.00+0.00 362 CODEN: CMAPDK ISSN: 0898-1221 363 SICI: 0898-1221(199606)31:12L.17:MCCP;1-9 364DT Journal 365TC Practical; Theoretical 366CY United Kingdom 367LA English 368AB We set up a class of parallel nonlinear multisplitting AOR methods 369 by directly multisplitting the nonlinear mapping involved in the 370 nonlinear complementarity problems. The different choices of the 371 relaxation parameters can yield all the known and a lot of new 372 relaxation methods, as well as a lot of new relaxed parallel 373 nonlinear multisplitting methods for solving the nonlinear 374 complementarity problems. The two-sided approximation properties and 375 the influences on the convergence rates from the relaxation 376 parameters about our new methods are shown, and sufficient 377 conditions guaranteeing the methods to converge globally are 378 discussed. Finally, a lot of numerical results show that our new 379 methods are feasible and efficient. 380 381L8 ANSWER 19 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 382AN 96:5280714 INSPEC DN C9607-1250-142 383TI A ***relaxation*** ***method*** to classification of 384 straight line segments. 385AU Faber, P. (Dept. of Math. & Inf. Sci., Friedrich-Schiller-Univ., 386 Jena, Germany) 387SO Proceedings of The First International Conference on Visual 388 Information Systems 389 Melbourne, Vic., Australia: Victoria Univ. Technol, 1996. p.283-92 390 of viii+585 pp. 16 refs. 391 Conference: Melbourne, Vic., Australia, 5-6 Feb 1996 392DT Conference Article 393TC New Development; Practical 394CY Australia 395LA English 396AB A new approach for classifying characteristic edge segments is 397 presented. The algorithm is based on a relaxation method. It uses 398 local features of edge segments for initialization and global 399 relations between all edge segments to update the values of 400 interpretation. Several updating operators F are investigated with 401 respect to their characteristics, of which the correctness of the 402 results and the iteration steps (speed of convergence) are most 403 important. Some experimental results on intensity images are given 404 in this paper to highlight the distinctive features of the presented 405 technique. 406 407L8 ANSWER 20 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 408AN 96:5269829 INSPEC DN C9607-1290-001 409TI Incorporating facet-inducing inequalities into graphical-construct- 410 based Lagrangian ***relaxation*** ***methodologies*** . 411AU Ali, A.I.; Shmerling, S. (Sch. of Manage., Massachusetts Univ., 412 Amherst, MA, USA) 413SO Operations Research Letters (Feb. 1996) vol.18, no.4, p.177-84. 32 414 refs. 415 Published by: Elsevier 416 Price: CCCC 0167-6377/96/$15.00 417 CODEN: ORLED5 ISSN: 0167-6377 418 SICI: 0167-6377(199602)18:4L.177:IFII;1-W 419DT Journal 420TC Practical; Theoretical 421CY Netherlands 422LA English 423AB This paper shows that facet-inducing inequalities can be 424 incorporated into graphical-construct-based Lagrangian relaxation 425 methodologies by including them as dualized constraints. It develops 426 an algorithm that successively identifies additional facet-inducing 427 inequalities and incorporates them into the Lagrangian function. 428 Computational experience shows that the algorithm can resolve 429 duality gaps using relatively few facet-inducing inequalities. 430 431L8 ANSWER 21 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 432AN 96:5268027 INSPEC DN B9606-8110B-084; C9606-3340H-169 433TI Practical approach to unit commitment problem using genetic 434 algorithm and Lagrangian ***relaxation*** ***method*** . 435AU Ohta, T.; Matsui, T.; Takata, T. (Chubu Electric Power Co. Inc., 436 Nagoya, Japan); Kato, M.; Aoyagi, M.; Kunugi, M.; Shimada, K.; 437 Nagata, J. 438SO ISAP '96. International Conference on Intelligent Systems 439 Applications to Power Systems Proceedings (Cat. No.96TH8152) 440 Editor(s): Mohammed, O.A.; Tomsovic, K. 441 New York, NY, USA: IEEE, 1996. p.434-40 of xxv+476 pp. 7 refs. 442 Conference: Orlando, FL, USA, 28 Jan-2 Feb 1996 443 Sponsor(s): IEEE Power Eng. Soc.; IEEE Neural Network Council; NSF 444 Price: CCCC 0 7803 3115 X/96/$5.00 445 ISBN: 0-7803-3115-X 446DT Conference Article 447TC Theoretical 448CY United States 449LA English 450AB This paper presents a practical method of solving the power system 451 unit commitment problem by using a genetic algorithm and the 452 Lagrangian relaxation method, making use of the advantages of both. 453 Moreover, the introduction of heuristics simplifies genetic string 454 manipulations which improve computational efficiency. Numerical 455 results have shown that the method is effective in solving the 456 practical unit commitment problem. 457 458L8 ANSWER 24 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 FIZ KARLSRUHE 459AN 96:5245715 INSPEC DN A9610-6630H-007 460TI Determination of chemical diffusion coefficient of SrFeCo0.5Ox by 461 the conductivity ***relaxation*** ***method*** . 462AU Ma, B.; Balachandran, U.; Park, J.H. (Energy Technol. Div., Argonne 463 Nat. Lab., IL, USA); Segre, C.U. 464SO Solid State Ionics, Diffusion & Reactions (15 Jan. 1996) vol.83, 465 no.1-2, p.65-71. 26 refs. 466 Published by: Elsevier 467 Price: CCCC 0167-2738/96/$15.00 468 CODEN: SSIOD3 ISSN: 0167-2738 469 SICI: 0167-2738(19960115)83:1/2L.65:DCDC;1-E 470DT Journal 471TC Experimental; Theoretical 472CY Netherlands 473LA English 474AB A conductivity relaxation experiment has been conducted on an 475 SrFeCo0.5Ox sample by abruptly changing the oxygen partial pressure 476 in the atmosphere and monitoring the change of conductivity as a 477 function of time. The re-equilibrium process obeys Fick's second 478 law. By fitting the relaxation data to the solution of the diffusion 479 equation with appropriate boundary conditions, we could determine 480 the oxygen chemical diffusion coefficient and the activation energy. 481 The oxygen diffusion coefficient is 8.9*10-7 cm2/s at 900 degrees C 482 and it increases with increase in temperature. Measured activation 483 energy is 0.92 eV, which is slightly lower than that of other oxides 484 in the system SrFe1-xCoxOy. 485 486L8 ANSWER 27 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 487AN 96:5205427 INSPEC DN B9604-1130B-019; C9604-7410D-099 488TI ***Relaxation*** ***methods*** for analogue fault 489 simulation. 490AU Zwolinski, M. (Dept. of Electron. & Comput. Sci., Southampton Univ., 491 UK) 492SO 1995 20th International Conference on Microelectronics. Proceedings 493 (Cat. No.95TH8108) 494 New York, NY, USA: IEEE, 1995. p.467-71 vol.2 of 2 vol. x+viii+870 495 pp. 4 refs. 496 Conference: Nis, Serbia, 12-14 Sept 1995 497 Sponsor(s): IEEE Electron. Devices Soc 498 Price: CCCC 0 7803 2786 1/95/$4.00 499 ISBN: 0-7803-2786-1 500DT Conference Article 501TC Theoretical 502CY United States 503LA English 504AB The fault simulation of analogue circuits is an inherently difficult 505 problem because of the lack of a simple fault model and because 506 analogue simulation is itself slow. This paper describes a technique 507 in which faulty and fault-free circuits are simulated together, such 508 that if the terminal voltages of an active device are the same for 509 the faulty and fault-free circuit, the model values calculated for 510 the fault-free simulation are reused in the faulty simulation. A 511 simple example is given in which it is shown that some savings in 512 the CPU time are possible. Suggestions for further development of 513 the algorithm to give substantial CPU savings are given. 514 515L8 ANSWER 29 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 516AN 96:5156791 INSPEC DN A9604-4710-004 517TI Assessment of some iterative methods for non-symmetric linear 518 systems arising in computational fluid dynamics. 519AU Soria, A.; Ruel, F. (Safety Technol. Inst., Comm. of the Eur. 520 Communities, Ispra, Italy) 521SO International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids (30 Dec. 1995) 522 vol.21, no.12, p.1171-200. 26 refs. 523 Published by: Wiley 524 Price: CCCC 0271-2091/95/121171-30 525 CODEN: IJNFDW ISSN: 0271-2091 526 SICI: 0271-2091(19951230)21:12L.1171:ASIM;1-I 527DT Journal 528TC Theoretical 529CY United Kingdom 530LA English 531AB Various rests have been carried out in order to compare the 532 performances of several methods used to solve the non-symmetric 533 linear systems of equations arising from implicit discretizations of 534 CFD problems, namely the scalar advection-diffusion equation and the 535 compressible Euler equations. The iterative schemes under 536 consideration belong to three families of algorithms: relaxation 537 (Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel), gradient and Newton methods. Two gradient 538 methods have been selected: a Krylov subspace iteration method 539 (GMRES) and a non-symmetric extension of the conjugate gradient 540 method (CGS). Finally, a quasi-Newton method has also been 541 considered (Broyden). The aim of this paper is to provide 542 indications of which appears to be the most adequate method 543 according to the particular circumstances as well as to discuss the 544 implementation aspects of each scheme. 545 546L8 ANSWER 32 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 547AN 95:5089277 INSPEC DN C9512-4140-033 548TI A parallel ***relaxation*** ***method*** for quadratic 549 programming problems with interval constraints. 550AU Sugimoto, T. (Minist. of International Trade & Industry, Tokyo, 551 Japan); Fukushima, M.; Ibaraki, T. 552SO Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics (20 June 1995) 553 vol.60, no.1-2, p.219-36. 18 refs. 554 Price: CCCC 0377-0427/95/$09.50 555 CODEN: JCAMDI ISSN: 0377-0427 556 Conference: International Meeting on Linear/Nonlinear Iterative 557 Methods and Verification of Solution. Matsuyama, Japan, 6-9 July 558 1993 559DT Conference Article; Journal 560TC Theoretical 561CY Netherlands 562LA English 563AB Optimization problems with interval constraints are encountered in 564 various fields such as network flows and computer tomography. As 565 these problems are usually very large, they are not easy to solve 566 without taking their sparsity into account. Recently "row-action 567 methods", which originate from the classical Hildreth's method for 568 quadratic programming problems, have drawn much attention, since 569 they are particularly useful for large and sparse problems. Various 570 row-action methods have already been proposed for optimization 571 problems with interval constraints, but they mostly belong to the 572 class of sequential methods based on the Gauss-Seidel and SOR 573 methods. In this paper, we propose a highly parallelizable method 574 for solving those problems, which may be regarded as an application 575 of the Jacobi method to the dual of the original problems. We prove 576 convergence of the algorithm and report some computational results 577 to demonstrate its effectiveness. 578 579L8 ANSWER 33 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 580AN 95:5088386 INSPEC DN B9512-0290P-007; C9512-4170-014 581TI On the multigrid waveform ***relaxation*** ***method*** . 582AU Ta'asan, S. (Dept. of Math., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, 583 USA); Zhang, H. 584SO SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing (Sept. 1995) vol.16, no.5, 585 p.1092-104. 13 refs. 586 Price: CCCC 1064-8275/95/$1.50+0.10 587 CODEN: SJOCE3 ISSN: 1064-8275 588DT Journal 589TC Theoretical 590CY United States 591LA English 592AB The multigrid waveform relaxation method is an efficient method for 593 solving certain classes of time-dependent partial differential 594 equations (PDEs). This paper studies the relationship between this 595 method and the analogous multigrid method for steady-state problems. 596 Using a Fourier-Laplace analysis, practical convergence rate 597 estimates of the multigrid waveform relaxation are obtained. 598 Experimental results show that the analysis yields accurate 599 performance prediction. 600 601L8 ANSWER 37 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 602AN 95:5060888 INSPEC DN A9521-8140G-003 603TI Stress ***relaxation*** ***method*** for investigation of 604 softening kinetics in hot deformed steels. 605AU Karjalainen, L.P. (Dept. of Mech. Eng., Oulu Univ., Finland) 606SO Materials Science and Technology (June 1995) vol.11, no.6, p.557-65. 607 30 refs. 608 CODEN: MSCTEP ISSN: 0267-0836 609DT Journal 610TC Experimental 611CY United Kingdom 612LA English 613AB The feasibility of using high temperature stress relaxation to 614 monitor the restoration process in hot deformed austenite has been 615 studied. The stress relaxation technique was applied to determine 616 the kinetics of softening in C-Mn and C-Mn-Nb steels, and the 617 effects of temperature, axisymmetric compressive strain, strain 618 rate, and reheating temperature are demonstrated and the results 619 compared with the predicted values. In particular; the role of 620 niobium in preventing recrystallisation is considered. The results 621 show that the method is able to reveal the progress of static 622 recrystallisation, and that the softening ratio at any given time 623 can be predicted from the recorded relaxation curves. The effects of 624 some particular experimental factors on the results are discussed, 625 such as an applied stress during the softening and the longitudinal 626 temperature gradient present in the specimens. The particular 627 effectiveness of the technique for the investigation of fast 628 restoration processes such as recovery and metadynamic 629 recrystallisation due to instantaneous data acquisition after the 630 deformation stage is emphasised. 631 632L8 ANSWER 41 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 633AN 95:4988305 INSPEC DN A9515-9850-023 634TI ***Relaxation*** ***method*** for automatic identification 635 (of galaxies). 636AU Delbos, C.; Pinon, J.M.; Servigne, S.; Vidal, F. (Inst. Nat. des 637 Sci. Appliquees, Villeurbanne, France); Garnier, R.; Paturel, G. 638SO Astrophysical Letters & Communications (1995) vol.31, no.1-6, 639 p.91-3. 1 refs. 640 CODEN: ALECE7 ISSN: 0888-6512 641 Conference: World of Galaxies II. Lyon, France, 5-7 Sept 1994 642DT Conference Article; Journal 643TC Application; Practical 644CY Switzerland 645LA English 646AB In the Lyon-Meudon extragalactic database, LEDA, images are managed 647 together with astrophysical parameters. The probabilistic relaxation 648 method is used to allow an automatic cross-identification between a 649 well-identified galaxy and the corresponding flux enhancement on the 650 image. A test is performed to control the result. 651 652L8 ANSWER 44 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 653AN 95:4919845 INSPEC DN B9505-5240-010 654TI Transient analysis of lossy coupled transmission lines in a lossy 655 medium using the waveform ***relaxation*** ***method*** . 656AU Lau, F.C.M. (Dept. of Electron. Eng., Hong Kong Polytech., Hong 657 Kong); Deeley, E.M. 658SO IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques (March 1995) 659 vol.43, no.3, p.692-7. 3 refs. 660 Price: CCCC 0018-9480/95/$04.00 661 CODEN: IETMAB ISSN: 0018-9480 662DT Journal 663TC Theoretical 664CY United States 665LA English 666AB The waveform relaxation method has been shown to be both efficient 667 and accurate when applied to coupled transmission lines with 668 conductor losses. In this paper, the method is generalized to 669 include the dielectric loss surrounding the transmission lines. The 670 distributed loss model assumes that the conductance matrix is 671 approximately diagonal and its product with the resistive matrix is 672 a scalar matrix. Computational results using the model is presented 673 and compared with HSPICE solutions. 674 675L8 ANSWER 45 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 676AN 95:4866237 INSPEC DN A9504-6120-012 677TI Molecular dynamics studies in isotropic phase of n-TPEB's by 678 dielectric ***relaxation*** ***method*** . 679AU Jadzyn, J. (Inst. of Molecular Phys., Polish Acad. of Sci., Poznan, 680 Poland); Legrand, C.; Isaert, N.; Cartier, A.; Bonnet, P.; 681 Czechowski, G.; Zywucki, B. 682SO Journal of Molecular Liquids (Nov. 1994) vol.62, p.55-63. 13 refs. 683 Price: CCCC 0167-7322/94/$07.00 684 CODEN: JMLIDT ISSN: 0167-7322 685DT Journal 686TC Theoretical 687CY Netherlands 688LA English 689AB The result of dielectric relaxation measurements (1 kHz/1 GHz) for 690 series of mesogenic molecules CnH2n+1- phi - phi CH2-CH2 phi -NCS, 691 n-TPEB, (n=7/10) in the isotropic phase, have been presented. Two 692 Debye-type bands have been interpreted as a dielectric absorption 693 due to the rotation around the long and short molecular axis. An 694 optimization of the geometry of non-rigid TPEB molecules have been 695 made using a quantum mechanics semi-empirical method PM3. 696 697L8 ANSWER 46 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 698AN 95:4846859 INSPEC DN C9502-1230D-025 699TI Modified ***relaxation*** ***method*** for solution of 700 continuous recurrent neural networks. 701AU Wilamowski, B.M.; Kanarowski, S.M. (Dept. of Electr. Eng., Wyoming 702 Univ., Laramie, WY, USA) 703SO Proceedings of the 36th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems 704 (Cat. No.93CH3381-1) 705 New York, NY, USA: IEEE, 1993. p.1081-4 vol.2 of 2 vol. xxxv+1565 706 pp. 9 refs. 707 Conference: Detroit, MI, USA, 16-18 Aug 1993 708 Sponsor(s): Wayne State Univ.; IEEE Circuits & Syst. Soc 709 Price: CCCC CH3381-1/93/$01.00 710 ISBN: 0-7803-1760-2 711DT Conference Article 712TC Theoretical 713CY United States 714LA English 715AB The derivation of a modified relaxation algorithm is presented 716 followed by demonstration examples. The algorithm converges very 717 well for continuous recurrent neural networks with both low and high 718 gain neurons. This enables one to simulate recurrent Hopfield 719 networks with both "soft" and "hard" continuous activation 720 functions. The algorithm is suitable for large systems since the 721 computational effort is proportional only to the system size, in 722 contrast to the commonly used Newton-Raphson method where power 723 relationships exist. 724 725L8 ANSWER 47 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 726AN 94:4837619 INSPEC DN B9501-8230-017 727TI Environmentally constrained economic dispatch using the LaGrangian 728 ***relaxation*** ***method*** . 729AU El-Keib, A.A.; Ma, H. (Alabama Univ., Tuscaloosa, AL, USA); Hart, 730 J.L. 731SO IEEE Transactions on Power Systems (Nov. 1994) vol.9, no.4, 732 p.1723-9. 18 refs. 733 Price: CCCC 0885-8950/94/$04.00 734 CODEN: ITPSEG ISSN: 0885-8950 735DT Journal 736TC Theoretical 737CY United States 738LA English 739AB This paper presents a general formulation of the environmentally 740 constrained economic dispatch (ECED) problem based on the 741 requirements of Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 and others which 742 may be imposed by local air quality regulations. The formulation 743 considers multiple NOx constraints and incorporates the utilization 744 of the affected units (those named in the legislation) along with 745 SO2 constraints. It also proposes a new algorithm to solve the 746 problem for large power systems. This algorithm has the ability to 747 handle a large number of various types of linear and nonlinear 748 environmental constraints. It is reliable, and viable for both 749 offline and online applications. Test results on a large size power 750 system demonstrate the possible savings which can be realized by 751 using the algorithm. Details of the problem formulation and the 752 solution technique are given in the paper. 753 754L8 ANSWER 50 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 755AN 94:4806786 INSPEC DN A9424-3325-009 756TI Constant- ***relaxation*** ***methods*** for diffusion 757 measurements in the fringe field of superconducting magnets. 758AU Demco, D.E.; Johansson, A.; Tegenfeldt, J. (Inst. of Chem., Uppsala 759 Univ., Sweden) 760SO Journal of Magnetic Resonance, Series A (Oct. 1994) vol.110, no.2, 761 p.183-93. 38 refs. 762 Price: CCCC 1064-1858/94/$6.00 763 CODEN: JMRAE2 ISSN: 1064-1858 764DT Journal 765TC Experimental 766CY United States 767LA English 768AB A number of new NMR methods have been introduced for measuring 769 molecular self-diffusion coefficients in the fringe field of 770 superconducting magnets, avoiding the determination of longitudinal 771 and transverse magnetization relaxation rates. Constant-relaxation 772 methods based on the stimulated-echo product signals allow the 773 determination of both constant and time-dependent diffusion 774 coefficients. A density-operator formalism taking into account 775 phenomenologically the effect of relaxation and diffusion encoding 776 on the Liouville coordinates has been used to introduce and 777 characterize an inhomogeneous mixed echo. This echo corresponds to a 778 spatial and temporal superposition of a conventional spin echo and a 779 stimulated echo. The mixed echo is generated by the action of a 780 pulse sequence based on a stimulated-echo three-pulse sequence with 781 an insertion of a Carr-Purcell-like pulse sequence in the last pulse 782 interval. A constant relaxation method using a Carr-Purcell 783 mixed-echo pulse sequence has been developed. It has proved to be 784 advantageous when T2 is not very small compared to T1. The 785 performance and limitations of these methods are discussed and 786 demonstrated experimentally. 787 788L8 ANSWER 51 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 789AN 94:4766926 INSPEC DN C9411-1250B-003 790TI Recognition of handwritten Chinese characters by modified 791 ***relaxation*** ***methods*** . 792AU An-Bang Wang; Kuo-Chin Fan (Inst. of Comput. Sci. & Electron. Eng., 793 Nat. Central Univ., Chung-Li, Taiwan); Huang, J.S. 794SO Image and Vision Computing (Oct. 1994) vol.12, no.8, p.509-22. 26 795 refs. 796 Price: CCCC 0262-8856/94/08/0509-14$10.00 797 CODEN: IVCODK ISSN: 0262-8856 798DT Journal 799TC Practical; Theoretical 800CY United Kingdom 801LA English 802AB We propose a novel stroke segmentation method and two modified 803 relaxation methods with which to recognize handwritten Chinese 804 characters. The new stroke segmentation method is based on thinning 805 and quadratic equation fit. After stroke segmentation and size 806 normalization, redundant strokes are detected and deleted. With the 807 deletion of redundant strokes, only prominent strokes that must 808 appear in the writing of a character are stored in the database, 809 greatly decreasing the matching time and complexity. The features of 810 each stroke are then extracted. Using the features of a character, 811 two modified relaxation matching methods are introduced to recognize 812 the unknown input character. After relaxation matching, certain 813 rules are devised to detect certain distorted characters, and also 814 to resolve ambiguity when it happens. Some of these distorted 815 characters are reconstructed and their feature vector lists are 816 modified to reflect the change. It is then sent back to the feedback 817 relaxation matching process once again. Experiments are conducted on 818 300 constrained handwritten characters written by two people; 13 819 similar characters and 42 distorted characters are also tested to 820 verify the validity of the approach. The success rate for stroke 821 segmentation is 93.3%. Two proposed matching methods are also 822 efficient and suitable for stroke-based Chinese character 823 recognition. The overall recognition rate is 98.7%, without using 824 Rules 2-5 and without considering the abnormal connection and 825 intersection of strokes. 826 827L8 ANSWER 58 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 828AN 94:4617645 INSPEC DN B9404-6140C-253; C9404-1250-153 829TI Finding edge in images: a hierarchical ***relaxation*** 830 ***method*** . 831AU Dingding Chang; Hashimoto, S. (Sch. of Sci. & Eng., Waseda Univ., 832 Tokyo, Japan) 833SO Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers 834 (1993) vol.29, no.12, p.1379-87. 15 refs. 835 CODEN: TSICA9 ISSN: 0453-4654 836DT Journal 837TC Theoretical 838CY Japan 839LA English 840AB Edge features can be used in the scene analysis and computer vision. 841 In this paper, we present a hierarchical relaxation method for 842 detecting edge features in images. The relaxation processes are 843 performed on the pyramid, which is a hierarchical representation 844 about the image. Using multiresolution information about the image, 845 we can change the weighted coefficients by considering the processed 846 results at high hierarchy as a measurement of the local edge 847 features in the image, satisfactory detection can be obtained in all 848 the parts of the image, and convergence speed of the relaxation 849 processes can be improved greatly. This method has the advantage of 850 detection of complete border of the objects in the image. 851 852L8 ANSWER 66 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 853AN 93:4531812 INSPEC DN A9401-8715M-011; C9401-7320-044 854TI Divide-and-conquer, pattern matching, and ***relaxation*** 855 ***methods*** in interpretation of 2-D NMR spectra of 856 polypeptides. 857AU Von-Wun Soo (Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Nat. Tsing Hua Univ., Hsin-Chu, 858 Taiwan); Jan-Fu Hwang; Tung-Bo Chen; Chin Yu 859SO Journal of Computational Chemistry (Oct. 1993) vol.14, no.10, 860 p.1164-71. 22 refs. 861 Price: CCCC 0192-8651/93/101164-08 862 CODEN: JCCHDD ISSN: 0192-8651 863DT Journal 864TC Practical; Theoretical 865CY United States 866LA English 867AB One task in the interpretation of the 2-D nuclear magnetic resonance 868 (NMR) spectrum is to assign its signal patterns to their 869 corresponding amino acids in proteins or polypeptides. To carry out 870 this task of interpretation, one requires sufficient chemical 871 knowledge and expertise to reason from a set of highly noisy data. 872 The authors present a system called RUBIDIUM (a Rule-Based 873 Identification in 2-D NMR Spectrum) to formulate the expertise and 874 automate the process of interpretation. Given a protein or 875 polypeptide with a known amino acid sequence and the 2-D NMR spectra 876 (both COSY and NOESY), RUBIDIUM yields plausible assignments of 877 lines that account for most signals observed in the spectrum and 878 conform to prior chemical knowledge. Rules of pattern matching are 879 used to detect plausible signal patterns. The expertise of the 880 sequence-specific assignment task is formulated to assign a signal 881 pattern to amino acids. To cope with ambiguities and noise, RUBIDIUM 882 adopts various low-level data preprocessing techniques, the strategy 883 of divide and conquer, and the relaxation technique to decrease the 884 complexity and recover from overconstrained conditions. The 885 polypeptides oxytocin and vasopressin are used to illustrate the 886 performance of RUBIDIUM. 887 888L8 ANSWER 69 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 889AN 93:4510863 INSPEC DN A9323-0720-002 890TI Temperature dependence measurements of thermal parameters of solid 891 samples by the ***relaxation*** ***method*** . 892AU Budke, O.; Dieska, P. (Dept. of Phys., Slovak Tech. Univ., 893 Bratislava, Slovakia) 894SO International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer (Oct. 1993) vol.36, 895 no.15, p.3869-72. 7 refs. 896 Price: CCCC 0017-9310/93/$6.00+0.00 897 CODEN: IJHMAK ISSN: 0017-9310 898DT Journal 899TC Theoretical 900CY United Kingdom 901LA English 902AB A generalization of the relaxation method (Budke and Dieska, 1985) 903 has been elaborated. While an application of the relaxation method 904 requires the sample holder temperature to be constant in time, this 905 generalized version admits a polynomial change of the sample holder 906 temperature. Such a temperature course is a very common and 907 realistic one at temperature dependence measurements of thermal 908 parameters. 909 910L8 ANSWER 71 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 911AN 93:4476853 INSPEC DN B9310-1160-003 912TI Use of a Laplace-transform ***relaxation*** ***method*** for 913 the analysis of nonlinear electric circuits. 914AU Ichikawa, S.; Tada, H. (Fac. of Eng., Kyoto Univ., Japan) 915SO Electronics and Communications in Japan, Part 3 (Fundamental 916 Electronic Science) (Dec. 1992) vol.75, no.12, p.11-20. 5 refs. 917 Price: CCCC 1042-0967/92/0012-0011 918 CODEN: ECJSER ISSN: 1042-0967 919DT Journal 920TC Theoretical 921CY United States 922LA English 923AB The relaxation method is suitable for analysis of large-scale 924 circuits such as those simulating VLSI circuits. Complex frequency 925 domain analysis by means of the Laplace transform is carried out. 926 Semiconducting elements such as transistors of the VLSI circuits 927 exhibit nonlinear characteristics. Thus, the differential equations 928 to be used in the relaxation method must be nonlinear. In some 929 cases, the properties of nonlinear elements are given not by 930 analytic functions but by a series of discrete numerical values such 931 as observed data. To express the nonlinearity of these elements, 932 multidimensional interpolation formulas are used and practical 933 computer algorithms for solving them are derived. The analysis of 934 the conditions of convergence of the relaxation method shows that 935 the proposed algorithm is applicable to circuits which operate in 936 both stable and unstable domains, such as oscillators. 937 938L8 ANSWER 78 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 939AN 93:4369351 INSPEC DN B9305-8110D-001 940TI An application of the Lagrangean ***relaxation*** ***method*** 941 to unit commitment scheduling in a power generation system with 942 pumped-storage units. 943AU Kim, S. (Dept. of Manage. Sci. & Technol. Taejon, South Korea); 944 Rhee, M. 945SO Computers & Industrial Engineering (Jan. 1993) vol.24, no.1, 946 p.69-79. 27 refs. 947 Price: CCCC 0360-8352/93/$6.00+0.00 948 CODEN: CINDDL ISSN: 0360-8352 949DT Journal 950TC Theoretical 951CY United Kingdom 952LA English 953AB The Lagrangean relaxation method is applied to the unit commitment 954 problem of a power generation system with pumped-storage units. The 955 shortest path algorithm is used for the subproblem for each thermal 956 unit and the minimal cost flow algorithm is used for each 957 pumped-storage unit. A method for finding a better feasible solution 958 from a solution of a relaxed problem is presented. A real Korean 959 power generation system with 39 thermal units and one pumped-storage 960 unit is tested. The authors considered 168 planning hours and were 961 able to find a near optimal solution (within 0.5% of optimal) 962 consuming a reasonable amount of CPU time. 963 964L8 ANSWER 88 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 965AN 92:4276811 INSPEC DN A9224-4740-002 966TI Iterative methods for stationary solutions to the steady-state 967 compressible Navier-Stokes equations. 968AU Sjogreen, B. (Dept. of Sci. Comput., Uppsala Univ., Sweden) 969SO Computers & Fluids (Oct. 1992) vol.21, no.4, p.627-45. 15 refs. 970 Price: CCCC 0045-7930/92/$5.00+0.00 971 CODEN: CPFLBI ISSN: 0045-7930 972DT Journal 973TC Theoretical 974CY United Kingdom 975LA English 976AB Numerical experiments are presented for the solution of the 977 steady-state compressible Navier-Stokes equations. One test problem 978 is fixed supersonic flow past a double ellipse, and the various 979 solution methods studied. The problem is discretized using Osher's 980 scheme, first- and second-order accurate. The fastest convergence to 981 steady state is obtained using Newton's method. Simplifications of 982 Newton's method based on domain decomposition are shown to perform 983 well, whereas line relaxation methods meet with difficulties. 984 985L8 ANSWER 96 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 986AN 92:4185303 INSPEC DN A9216-4110D-010; B9208-5120-012 987TI The use of a ***relaxation*** ***method*** to calculate the 988 3D magnetic field contribution of an iron yoke. 989AU Caspi, S.; Helm, M.; Laslett, L.J. (Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA, USA) 990SO IEEE Transactions on Magnetics (March 1992) vol.28, no.2, p.1096-8. 991 2 refs. 992 Price: CCCC 0018-9464/92/$03.00 993 CODEN: IEMGAQ ISSN: 0018-9464 994 Conference: Computation of Electromagnetic Fields (COMPUMAG). 995 Sorrento, Italy, 7-11 July 1991 996 Sponsor(s): IEEE 997DT Conference Article; Journal 998TC Theoretical 999CY United States 1000LA English 1001AB A computational procedure has been developed for calculating the 3-D 1002 field produced by an axisymmetric iron yoke of high permeability in 1003 the presence of a system of conductors. The procedure is 1004 particularly applicable to the end regions of multipole magnets of 1005 the sort used in particle accelerators. The field produced by the 1006 conductors is calculated using the Biot-Savart law. If one solves 1007 the appropriate individual differential equations for specified 1008 scalar potential functions throughout the iron-free region, with the 1009 proper applied boundary condition for the scalar potential of each 1010 harmonic number, one will achieve upon summation the appropriate 1011 potential function to describe the field contribution of the 1012 surrounding high-permeability iron. 1013 1014L8 ANSWER 99 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1015AN 92:4152884 INSPEC DN A9212-4730-015 1016TI Flow of a viscous fluid past a flexible membrane at low Reynolds 1017 numbers. 1018AU Yamamoto, K.; Okada, M.; Kameyama, J. (Dept. of Mech. Eng., Fac. of 1019 Eng., Okayama Univ., Japan) 1020SO Fluid Dynamics Research (April 1992) vol.9, no.5-6, p.289-99. 13 1021 refs. 1022 Price: CCCC 0169-5983/92/$3.75 1023 CODEN: FDRSEH ISSN: 0169-5983 1024DT Journal 1025TC Theoretical 1026CY Netherlands 1027LA English 1028AB The numerical calculation of a steady two-dimensional viscous flow 1029 past a flexible membrane is treated. Both edges of the membrane are 1030 fixed in the flow and its chord is set normal to the flow. The 1031 Navier-Stokes equation in terms of the stream function and the 1032 vorticity is transformed to the body fitted coordinate system. The 1033 numerical calculations, based on a finite difference method and 1034 relaxation method, are carried out for several values of the 1035 membranes tension for cases when the Reynolds numbers are 5, 10 and 1036 20. It is found that two different shapes of the membranes are 1037 possible at a given value of tension and Reynolds number: one with a 1038 small deformation, and the other with a large deformation. Two 1039 vortices appear in the concave region of the membrane if its 1040 deformation increases beyond a certain extent. 1041 1042L8 ANSWER 101 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1043AN 92:4140055 INSPEC DN A9211-4740K-003 1044TI An improved upwind finite volume ***relaxation*** ***method*** 1045 for high speed viscous flows. 1046AU Taylor, A.C., III (Dept. of Mech. Eng. & Mech., Old Dominion Univ., 1047 Norfolk, VA, USA); Wing-fai Ng; Walters, R.W. 1048SO Journal of Computational Physics (March 1992) vol.99, no.1, 1049 p.159-68. 22 refs. 1050 Price: CCCC 0021-9991/92/$3.00 1051 CODEN: JCTPAH ISSN: 0021-9991 1052DT Journal 1053TC Theoretical 1054CY United States 1055LA English 1056AB An improved upwind relaxation algorithm for the Navier-Stokes 1057 equations is presented, and results are given from the application 1058 of the method to two test problems, including (1) a shock/boundary 1059 layer interaction on a flat plate (Minfinity =2.0) and (2) a 1060 high-speed inlet (Minfinity =5.0). The technique is restricted to 1061 high-speed (i.e., supersonic/hypersonic) viscous flows. The new 1062 algorithm depends on a partitioning of the global domain into 1063 regions or sub-domains, where a relatively thin 'elliptic' region is 1064 identified near each solid wall boundary, and the remainder of the 1065 flowfield is identified to be a single larger 'hyperbolic' (i.e., 1066 hyperbolic/parabolic in the streamwise direction) region. A direct 1067 solution procedure by lower/upper factorization is applied to the 1068 elliptic region, the results of which are then coupled to a standard 1069 line Gauss-Seidel relaxation sweep across the entire domain in the 1070 primary flow direction. 1071 1072L8 ANSWER 125 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1073AN 91:3784657 INSPEC DN A91013094 1074TI A new approach to the borehole temperature ***relaxation*** 1075 ***method*** . 1076AU Wilhelm, H. (Geophys. Inst., Karlsruhe Univ., West Germany) 1077SO Geophysical Journal International (Nov. 1990) vol.103, no.2, 1078 p.469-81. 20 refs. 1079 ISSN: 0956-540X 1080DT Journal 1081TC Practical 1082CY United Kingdom 1083LA English 1084AB The borehole temperature relaxation method is used to determine in 1085 situ thermal properties of rock by a thermal disturbance in an 1086 uncased borehole. The conventional application of this method is 1087 based on the assumption that the heat flow through the borehole wall 1088 is constant in time and only a function of depth during the 1089 disturbance phase. The new approach described in this paper offers a 1090 solution to the problem which does not refer directly to the thermal 1091 history during the disturbance phase. It is only based on 1092 temperature measurements during the relaxation phase when the 1093 disturbance fades away by conduction. 1094 1095L8 ANSWER 126 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1096AN 91:3778580 INSPEC DN A91013447; B91006258 1097TI A ***relaxation*** ***method*** for integral inversion 1098 applied to HF radar measurement of the ocean wave directional 1099 spectrum. 1100AU Wyatt, L.R. (Dept. of Appl. & Comput. Math., Sheffield Univ., UK) 1101SO International Journal of Remote Sensing (Aug. 1990) vol.11, no.8, 1102 p.1481-94. 22 refs. 1103 Price: CCCC 0143-1161/90/$3.00 1104 CODEN: IJSEDK ISSN: 0143-1161 1105DT Journal 1106TC Practical; Theoretical 1107CY United Kingdom 1108LA English 1109 1110AB The Chahine-Twomey relaxation method for inversion of the 1111 atmospheric radiative transfer equation is extended to provide an 1112 inverse solution to Barrick's equation describing second order 1113 scatter of high frequency (HF) radio waves from the ocean surface. 1114 The success of the method is demonstrated using synthesised radar 1115 Doppler spectra obtained by solving the direct problem with wave 1116 buoy directional spectrum measurements. Wave buoy measurements are 1117 limited in the range of directional characteristics that can be 1118 measured. The results presented suggest that HF radar is capable of 1119 providing a more general measurement of the directional spectrum. 1120 1121L8 ANSWER 136 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1122AN 90:3707065 INSPEC DN B90058649; C90056028 1123TI Lagrangian ***relaxation*** ***method*** for long-term unit 1124 commitment. 1125AU Aoki, K.; Nara, K.; Satoh, T.; Itoh, M. (Dept. of Electr. & Syst. 1126 Eng., Hiroshima Univ., Japan) 1127SO Power Systems and Power Plant Control 1989. Selected Papers from the 1128 IFAC Symposium 1129 Editor(s): Uhi Ahn 1130 Oxford, UK: Pergamon, 1990. p.123-8 of xvi+545 pp. 8 refs. 1131 Conference: Seoul, South Korea, 22-25 Aug 1989 1132 Sponsor(s): IFAC 1133 SBN: 0-08-037039-x 1134DT Conference Article 1135TC Theoretical 1136CY United Kingdom 1137LA English 1138AB The authors present a new method for large-scale long-term unit 1139 commitment problem composed of three types of generating units. In 1140 the proposed unit commitment algorithm, the transmission loss is 1141 expressed as a quadratic function of generator outputs. In the 1142 demand increasing period in the morning, the planning period (one 1143 hour) should be divided into shorter periods such as a half an hour 1144 of fifteen minutes, and the ramping rate constraints should be 1145 imposed on generator outputs. Since the unit commitment problem 1146 (primal problem) is formulated as a large-scale mixed-integer 1147 programming problem, the Lagrangian relaxation method is employed to 1148 solve the problem efficiently. 1149 1150L8 ANSWER 137 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1151AN 90:3690713 INSPEC DN A90110333 1152TI A method for solving three-dimensional viscous incompressible flows 1153 over slender bodies. 1154AU Rosenfeld, M.; Israeli, M.; Wolfshtein, M. (Technion-Israel Inst. of 1155 Technol., Haifa, Israel) 1156SO Journal of Computational Physics (June 1990) vol.88, no.2, p.255-83. 1157 21 refs. 1158 Price: CCCC 0021-9991/90/$3.00 1159 CODEN: JCTPAH ISSN: 0021-9991 1160DT Journal 1161TC Theoretical 1162CY United States 1163LA English 1164AB A marching iterative method for solving the three-dimensional 1165 incompressible and steady reduced Navier-Stokes equations in general 1166 orthogonal coordinate systems is described with the velocity and the 1167 pressure as dependent variables. The coupled set of the linearized 1168 finite-difference continuity and momentum equations are solved 1169 iteratively without any splitting or factorization errors. Each 1170 iteration consists of spatial marching from the upstream boundary to 1171 the downstream boundary. The discrete continuity and the two 1172 linearized crossflow momentum equations are satisfied at each 1173 marching step, even when the mainstream momentum equation is not 1174 converged. This solution procedure is equivalent to the solution of 1175 a single Poisson-like equation by the successive plane over 1176 relaxation method, while other available solution methods employ a 1177 Jacobi-type iterative scheme and therefore are less efficient. 1178 Several properties of the numerical method have been assessed 1179 through a series of tests performed on the laminar incompressible 1180 flow over prolate spheroids at intermediate incidence. 1181 1182L8 ANSWER 145 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1183AN 90:3632363 INSPEC DN B90034989; C90036810 1184TI Availability of nonlinear ***relaxation*** ***method*** for 1185 network analysis in the frequency domain. 1186AU Kawashima, T.; Hagiwara, Y.; Asai, H. (Fac. of Eng., Shizuoka Univ., 1187 Hamamatsu, Japan) 1188SO Transactions of the Institute of Electronics, Information and 1189 Communication Engineers A (Dec. 1989) vol.J72A, no.12, p.2061-4. 4 1190 refs. 1191 CODEN: DJTAER ISSN: 0913-5707 1192DT Journal 1193TC Theoretical; Experimental 1194CY Japan 1195LA Japanese 1196AB Describes the availability of the nonlinear relaxation method for 1197 the solution of the determining equation given by the harmonic 1198 balance method for the frequency domain network analysis. The 1199 authors show that their algorithm saves CPU time and memory 1200 capacity, compared with the previous one. 1201 1202L8 ANSWER 155 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1203AN 90:3521419 INSPEC DN A90007776 1204TI Application of thermal conductivity measurement by the 1205 ***relaxation*** ***method*** to crystallization kinetics of 1206 glassy As2Se3+1 mol.% In. 1207AU Budke, O. (Dept. of Phys., Slovak Tech. Univ., Bratislava, 1208 Czechoslovakia); Svec, P. 1209SO Physica Status Solidi A (16 Sept. 1989) vol.115, no.1, p.143-8. 13 1210 refs. 1211 CODEN: PSSABA ISSN: 0031-8965 1212DT Journal 1213TC Experimental 1214CY German Democratic Republic 1215LA English 1216AB The use of a recently developed nonstationary relaxation method of 1217 measuring thermal conductivity lambda of solids for monitoring 1218 crystallization kinetics of chalcogenide glasses has been analyzed. 1219 Time dependences lambda (t) upon crystallization have been obtained 1220 for isothermally annealed glasses As2Se3+1 mol.% In and the models 1221 for calculation of degree of crystallinity and evaluation of kinetic 1222 parameters of crystallization have been presented. Activation energy 1223 of crystallization, dimensionality of grain growth, and character of 1224 nucleation have been determined and the character of kinetic 1225 behavior has been discussed with consideration to possible 1226 autocatalysis of the process. 1227 1228=> d bib ab 156,158,170,174,177,200,211,212,221,224,225,230,240,243,246,258,278,281,283,285,290,300,304,306,314,317,327,328,340 1229 1230L8 ANSWER 156 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1231AN 89:3495790 INSPEC DN C89066511 1232TI Solution of ordinary differential equations by waveform 1233 ***relaxation*** ***methods*** . 1234AU Skelboe, S. (Dept. of Comput. Sci., Copenhagen Univ., Denmark) 1235SO Aspects of Computation on Asynchronous Parallel Processors. 1236 Proceedings of the IFIP WG 2.5 Working Conference 1237 Editor(s): Wright, M. 1238 Amsterdam, Netherlands: North-Holland, 1989. p.225 of xi+271 pp. 0 1239 refs. 1240 Conference: Stanford, CA, USA, 22-26 Aug 1988 1241 Sponsor(s): Lawrence Livermore Nat. Lab.; Appl. Dynamics Int.; 1242 Stanford Univ 1243 ISBN: 0-444-87310-4 1244DT Conference Article 1245TC Theoretical 1246CY Netherlands 1247LA English 1248AB Summary form only given, as follows. Waveform relaxation methods 1249 have proved efficient for the simulation of digital circuits using 1250 parallel computers. The author describes the method and reports on 1251 some of the research activities in this area including: application 1252 of the Gauss-Seidel method on parallel computers; stability 1253 properties of multirate integration formulas; and application of 1254 waveform relaxation to chemical process simulation. 1255 1256L8 ANSWER 158 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1257AN 89:3470743 INSPEC DN A89120540 1258TI Numerical simulation of laminar incompressible viscous flow with 1259 extremely thin finite elements near the boundaries. 1260AU D'Errico, M.A. 1261CS Inst. Nat. Recherche Inf. Autom., Le Chesnay, France 1262NR 997 1263SO Feb. 1989. 29 pp. 9 refs. 1264DT Report 1265TC Theoretical 1266CY France 1267LA French 1268AB Viscous and lamina flow simulations are a source of problems at very 1269 high Reynolds number (Re) because of the boundary layers. Extremely 1270 thin discretization grids are needed in the perpendicular direction 1271 to the boundary layer and that produces a bad, or at least mediocre, 1272 conditioning of the linear systems. The author does not propose a 1273 new approximation in order to solve the problem, but a new way of 1274 resolving the linear system that arises from a finite element 1275 discretization of the nonstationary, incompressible and laminar 1276 Navier-Stokes equations. It is a simple idea that consists in 1277 changing the method of resolution in the boundary layer by a block 1278 relaxation method, adapted to physics, that imitates the method of 1279 resolution of the parabolic Prandtl boundary layer equations, while 1280 in the remaining domain a Cholesky or conjugate gradient method is 1281 employed. The global linear system is solved by blocks. The first 1282 corresponds to the boundary layer and wake; the second corresponds 1283 to the remaining domain. The author obtained better results on a 1284 wing profile at Reynolds number 100000 because this method seems not 1285 to propagate the round off errors due to the bad conditioning of the 1286 global linear system. 1287 1288L8 ANSWER 170 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1289AN 89:3321079 INSPEC DN A89029184; C89023068 1290TI An adaptive dynamic ***relaxation*** ***method*** for 1291 nonlinear problems. 1292AU Shizhong Qiang (Dept. of Civil Eng., Southwestern Jiaotong Univ., 1293 Emei, China) 1294SO Computers and Structures (1988) vol.30, no.4, p.855-9. 9 refs. 1295 Price: CCCC 0045-7949/88/$3.00+0.00 1296 CODEN: CMSTCJ ISSN: 0045-7949 1297DT Journal 1298TC Practical; Theoretical 1299CY United Kingdom 1300LA English 1301AB Outlines the so-called dynamic relaxation method (DRM) which is 1302 found to be suitable in analyses of both geometrical and material 1303 nonlinearities using personal computers, and discuss an approach 1304 recently developed at SWJT for the automatic selection of iteration 1305 parameters in the DRM. The solution of a nonlinear truss-spring, the 1306 analysis of plate bending problems with large deflections under 1307 transverse loading, and the calculation of the ultimate load of 1308 plates under an in-plane load, using DRM with personal computers, 1309 are described. 1310 1311L8 ANSWER 174 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1312AN 89:3264002 INSPEC DN C89000789 1313TI Lagrangian ***relaxation*** ***methods*** solving the 1314 minimum fleet size multiple traveling salesman problem with time 1315 windows. 1316AU Desrosiers, J.; Sauve, M.; Soumis, F. (Ecole des Hautes Etudes 1317 Commerciales, Montreal, Que., Canada) 1318SO Management Science (Aug. 1988) vol.34, no.8, p.1005-22. 36 refs. 1319 Price: CCCC 0025-1909/88/3408-1005$01.25 1320 CODEN: MSCIAM ISSN: 0025-1909 1321DT Journal 1322TC Theoretical 1323CY United States 1324LA English 1325AB Considers the problem of finding the minimum number of vehicles 1326 required to visit once a set of nodes subject to time window 1327 constraints, for homogeneous fleet of vehicles located at a common 1328 depot. This problem can be formulated as a network flow problem with 1329 additional time constraints. The paper presents an optimal solution 1330 approach using the augmented Lagrangian method. Two Lagrangian 1331 relaxations are studied. In the first one, the time constraints are 1332 relaxed producing network subproblems which are easy to solve, but 1333 the bound obtained is weak. In the second relaxation, constraints 1334 requiring that each node be visited are relaxed producing shortest 1335 path subproblems with time window constraints and integrality 1336 conditions. The bound produced is always excellent. Numerical 1337 results for several actual school busing problems with up to 223 1338 nodes are discussed. Comparisons with a set partitioning formulation 1339 solved by column generation are given. 1340 1341L8 ANSWER 177 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1342AN 88:3235109 INSPEC DN B88064577 1343TI Waveform ***relaxation*** ***method*** . 1344AU Urahama, K. (Fac. of Eng., Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka, Japan) 1345SO Journal of the Institute of Electronics, Information and 1346 Communication Engineers (Feb. 1988) vol.71, no.2, p.145-7. 21 refs. 1347 CODEN: DJTGEB ISSN: 0373-6121 1348DT Journal 1349TC Application; Experimental 1350CY Japan 1351LA Japanese 1352AB The waveform relaxation method is a repetitive method of the 1353 initialization problem for the algebraic/differential equation 1354 system, which is similar to Picard's consecutive simulation, the 1355 method to apply the Newton method to differential equations, etc. 1356 The waveform relaxation method has lately been proved to be 1357 effective particularly for simulation of the MOS digital circuit. 1358 The multirate integration method is effective for transient analysis 1359 of the circuit. In the waveform relaxation method, multirate 1360 integration is carried in a natural form. The author describes the 1361 convergence of the waveform relaxation method in transient analysis 1362 of the MOS digital circuit and high-speed simulation techniques. 1363 1364L8 ANSWER 200 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1365AN 87:2965207 INSPEC DN A87113750 1366TI Applications of exponential ***relaxation*** ***methods*** 1367 for corrosion studies and corrosion rate measurement. 1368AU Lakshminarayanan, V. (Raman Res. Inst., Bangalore, India); 1369 Rajagopalan, S.R. 1370SO Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Chemical Sciences 1371 (Oct. 1986) vol.97, no.3-4, p.465-77. 6 refs. 1372 CODEN: PIAADM ISSN: 0370-0089 1373DT Journal 1374TC Theoretical 1375CY India 1376LA English 1377AB Investigations on the use of an exponential relaxation technique for 1378 studying corrosion systems are reported. The polarisation resistance 1379 and the double layer capacitance of corrosion systems can be 1380 obtained by the small amplitude exponential relaxation technique 1381 (SAERT). The rate of corrosion can be measured by the large 1382 amplitude exponential relaxation technique (LAERT). This technique 1383 yields an 'accelerated Tafel plot' only when the charging current is 1384 negligible, which is seldom so. Methods for correcting for double 1385 layer charging are described. Double layer capacitance as a function 1386 of potential is obtained from LAERT. Therefore it can be used for 1387 studies on inhibitors. The utility of LAERT for corrosion systems 1388 with only one of the conjugate reactions under activation control is 1389 established. The effect of series resistance (Re) is discussed and 1390 an in situ method for its determination is described. A procedure 1391 for correcting the experimental data for errors due to Re is given. 1392 1393L8 ANSWER 211 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1394AN 87:2860637 INSPEC DN A87051021 1395TI Multiple grid and Osher's scheme for the efficient solution of the 1396 steady Euler equations. 1397AU Hemker, P.W.; Spekreijse, S.P. (Centrum voor Wiskunde en Inf., 1398 Amsterdam, Netherlands) 1399SO Applied Numerical Mathematics (Dec. 1986) vol.2, no.6, p.475-93. 22 1400 refs. 1401 Price: CCCC 0168-9274/86/$3.50 1402 CODEN: ANMAEL ISSN: 0168-9274 1403DT Journal 1404TC Theoretical; Experimental 1405CY Netherlands 1406LA English 1407AB An iterative method is developed for the solution of the steady 1408 Euler equations for inviscid flow. The system of hyperbolic 1409 conservation laws is discretized by a finite-volume 1410 Osher-discretization. The iterative method is a multiple grid (FAS) 1411 iteration with symmetric Gauss-Seidel (SGS) as a relaxation method. 1412 Initial estimates are obtained by full multigrid (FMG). In the 1413 pointwise relaxation the equations are kept in block-coupled form 1414 and local linearization of the equations and the boundary conditions 1415 is considered. The efficient formulation of Osher's discretization 1416 of the 2-D nonisentropic steady Euler equations and its 1417 linearization is presented. The efficiency of FAS-SGS iteration is 1418 shown for a transonic model problem. It appears that, for the 1419 problem considered, the rate of convergence is almost independent of 1420 the grid size and that for all mesh sizes the discrete system is 1421 solved up to truncation error accuracy in only a few (2 or 3) 1422 iteration cycles. 1423 1424L8 ANSWER 212 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1425AN 87:2845023 INSPEC DN C87021805 1426TI An introduction to ***relaxation*** ***methods*** . 1427AU Williams, G. (BYTE, Peterborough, NH, USA) 1428SO BYTE (Jan. 1987) vol.12, no.1, p.111-14, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124. 0 1429 refs. 1430 CODEN: BYTEDJ ISSN: 0360-5280 1431DT Journal 1432TC Theoretical 1433CY United States 1434LA English 1435AB A numeric technique called the relaxation method is very useful in 1436 solving such matters as systems of simultaneous equations. The 1437 author concentrates on the solution of two-dimensional systems that 1438 can be described by Poisson's equation. He focuses on a special 1439 case, Laplace's equation. 1440 1441L8 ANSWER 221 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1442AN 86:2730070 INSPEC DN A86101541 1443TI A direct ***relaxation*** ***method*** for calculating 1444 eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the Schrodinger equation on a 1445 grid. 1446AU Kosloff, R. (Dept. of Phys. Chem., Hebrew Univ., Jerusalem, Israel); 1447 Tal-Ezer, H. 1448SO Chemical Physics Letters (13 June 1986) vol.127, no.3, p.223-30. 23 1449 refs. 1450 Price: CCCC 0009-2614/86/$03.50 1451 CODEN: CHPLBC ISSN: 0009-2614 1452DT Journal 1453TC Theoretical 1454CY Netherlands 1455LA English 1456AB Eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the Schrodinger equation are 1457 determined by propagating the Schrodinger equation in imaginary 1458 time. The method is based on representing the Hamiltonian operation 1459 on a grid. The kinetic energy is calculated by the Fourier method. 1460 The propagation operator is expanded in a Chebychev series. Excited 1461 states are obtained by filtering out the lower states. Comparative 1462 examples include: eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the Morse 1463 oscillator, the Henon-Heiles system and weakly bound states of He on 1464 a Pt surface. 1465 1466L8 ANSWER 224 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1467AN 86:2667490 INSPEC DN A86063383 1468TI A ***relaxation*** ***method*** for steady Navier-Stokes 1469 equations, based on flux-vector splitting. 1470AU Dick, E. (Dept. of Machinery, State Univ. of Ghent, Belgium) 1471SO Numerical Methods in Laminar and Turbulent Flow. Proceedings of the 1472 Fourth International Conference 1473 Editor(s): Taylor, C.; Olson, M.D.; Gresho, P.M.; Habashi, W.G. 1474 Swansea, UK: Pineridge Press, 1985. p.527-38 vol.1 of 2 vol. 1851 1475 pp. 4 refs. 1476 Conference: Swansea, UK, 9-12 July 1985 1477 Sponsor(s): US Office Naval Res. 1478 ISBN: 0-906674-43-3 1479DT Conference Article 1480TC Theoretical 1481CY United Kingdom 1482LA English 1483AB Using the example of Cauchy-Riemann equations, the flux-vector 1484 splitting method is illustrated for systems of first order 1485 equations. It is shown that for this linear elliptic system of 1486 equations, flux-vector splitting combined with upwind differencing 1487 results in discrete equations which can be solved by relaxation 1488 methods. It is shown how the same splitting can be used on the 1489 hybrid first order (subprincipal) part of the steady Navier-Stokes 1490 equations in primitive variable form. By the use of central 1491 difference discretisations on the second order (principal) part, the 1492 resulting set of discrete equations can be solved by relaxation 1493 methods. A computational example on a backward facing step problem 1494 is given. 1495 1496L8 ANSWER 225 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1497AN 86:2653230 INSPEC DN B86027038; C86025933 1498TI Application of the ***relaxation*** ***method*** to analysis 1499 of DC nonlinear networks. 1500AU Tadeusiewicz, M. (Inst. of Principles of Electr. Eng., Tech. Univ., 1501 Lodz, Poland) 1502SO Modelling, Simulation & Control A (1984) vol.1, no.3, p.9-16. 9 1503 refs. 1504 CODEN: MSCAE2 ISSN: 0761-2508 1505DT Journal 1506TC Theoretical 1507CY France 1508LA English 1509AB The application of the relaxation method to computer-aided analysis 1510 of nonlinear networks is discussed. For a certain class of DC 1511 nonlinear networks, the sufficient conditions under which the 1512 relaxation sequence is convergent to a unique solution for each 1513 initial guess are formulated. The diode-transistor networks are 1514 discussed and a numerical example is demonstrated. 1515 1516L8 ANSWER 230 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1517AN 86:2588411 INSPEC DN B86007690; C86008145 1518TI A block ***relaxation*** ***method*** for the 1519 three-dimensional Poisson equation. 1520AU Huang Duo (Comput. Center, Acad. Sinica, China) 1521SO Mathematica Numerica Sinica (1985) vol.7, no.3, p.332-6. 6 refs. 1522 CODEN: JSUXDP ISSN: 0254-7791 1523DT Journal 1524TC Theoretical 1525CY China 1526LA Chinese 1527AB A block relaxation method is proposed for the three-dimensional 1528 Poisson equation on the basis of a cyclic reduction method. Its 1529 convergence is analysed and a formula for determining the optimum 1530 relaxation factor is given. 1531 1532L8 ANSWER 240 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1533AN 85:2475705 INSPEC DN C85031615 1534TI A Lagrangean- ***relaxation*** ***method*** for the 1535 constrained assignment problem. 1536AU Aggarwal, V. (Dept. of Manage. & Syst., Washington State Univ., 1537 Pullman, WA, USA) 1538SO Computers & Operations Research (1985) vol.12, no.1, p.97-106. 14 1539 refs. 1540 Price: CCCC 0305-0548/85$3.00+.00 1541 CODEN: CMORAP ISSN: 0305-0548 1542DT Journal 1543TC Theoretical 1544CY United Kingdom 1545LA English 1546AB This paper addresses the problem of finding a minimal weight 1547 assignment subject to a knapsack-type constraint. It develops a 1548 two-stage algorithm based on the Lagrangean-relaxation formulation 1549 of this problem. The first stage obtains the optimal Lagrange 1550 multiplier in a polynomial effort by generating the efficient 1551 frontier in a bicriteria framework. The second stage uses this 1552 information to zero in on the optimal solution in a relatively lower 1553 depth of search in the ordered-generation-of-assignments framework. 1554 The algorithm is supported by a numerical example and its advantages 1555 over other schemes are shown. 1556 1557L8 ANSWER 243 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1558AN 85:2448430 INSPEC DN A85058371 1559TI Measurement of thermal parameters of small plane-parallel samples by 1560 a ***relaxation*** ***method*** . 1561AU Budke, O.; Dieska, P. (Dept. of Phy., Electrotech., Slovak Tech. 1562 Univ., Bratislava, Czechoslovakia) 1563SO Acta Physica Slovaca (1985) vol.35, no.1, p.27-39. 2 refs. 1564 CODEN: APSVCO ISSN: 0323-0465 1565DT Journal 1566TC Experimental 1567CY Czechoslovakia 1568LA English 1569AB A non-stationary method for measuring thermal conductivity and 1570 thermal diffusivity of small plane-parallel samples (5*5*1 mm3) is 1571 developed. The principle of the method consists in measuring the 1572 time dependence of the temperature of a plane heat source heated by 1573 a constant power during a finite time interval. The heat capacity of 1574 the source is taken into account in the formulation of the problem. 1575 A model is proposed to estimate a parasitical heat flow through the 1576 lead-in wires of the heat source and the wires of the thermocouple 1577 used for measuring the temperature of the heat source. The method is 1578 suitable for a quick measuring of the temperature dependence of 1579 thermal parameters. 1580 1581L8 ANSWER 246 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1582AN 85:2404651 INSPEC DN C85012851 1583TI A case for ***relaxation*** ***methods*** . 1584AU Kumar, G.S. (Sch. of Bus. Adm., Tennessee Univ., Martin, TN, USA) 1585SO Proceedings of the 16th Annual Meeting of the American Institute for 1586 Decision Sciences 1587 Atlanta, GA, USA: American Inst. Decision Sci, 1984. p.682 of 1588 xvii+817 pp. Microfiche 1589 Conference: Toronto, Ont., Canada, 5-7 Nov 1984 1590DT Conference Article 1591TC Theoretical 1592CY United States 1593LA English 1594AB Summary form only given, as follows. Many practical problems can be 1595 reduced to finding a point of a polyhedron. Relaxation methods solve 1596 the problem by successively finding points of polyhedrons containing 1597 the polyhedron of interest. The authors discuss the advantages of 1598 using iterative methods for large scale linear programs and survey 1599 some of the relaxation methods. 1600 1601L8 ANSWER 258 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1602AN 84:2178142 INSPEC DN A84013606 1603TI ***Relaxation*** ***methods*** in investigations of 1604 transport processes. 1605AU Buevich, Yu.A.; Yasnikov, G.P. 1606SO Journal of Engineering Physics (March 1983) vol.44, no.3, p.340-53. 1607 131 refs. 1608 CODEN: JEPHAL ISSN: 0022-0841 1609 Translation of: Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal (March 1983) vol.44, 1610 no.3, p.489-504. 131 refs. 1611 CODEN: INFZA9 ISSN: 0021-0285 1612DT Journal; Translation Abstracted 1613TC Theoretical 1614CY Byelorussian SSR; USSR; United States 1615LA English 1616AB In spite of the large variety of existing transport processes they 1617 all have one fundamental property in common: these processes strive 1618 to neutralize external actions that take a system out of the 1619 equilibrium state. Any physical system has some inertia, related to 1620 internal processes specific to the system. Such processes are 1621 activated with breakdown of equilibrium and are characterized by 1622 their own internal variables. The approach of the system to 1623 equilibrium, which results in the observed transport processes, can 1624 be viewed as a collection of relaxation processes for these internal 1625 variables. The authors limit their analysis to the relaxation 1626 formalism of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, and they briefly analyze 1627 its relation to the methods of the theory of dynamic systems. 1628 1629L8 ANSWER 278 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1630AN 81:1752235 INSPEC DN B81044945; C81031168 1631TI Resolution of the bilinear programming problem via a 1632 ***relaxation*** ***method*** . 1633AU Chagoya-Guzman, A.; Fonlupt, J. (Lab. d'Informatique et de Math. 1634 Appl., Grenoble, France) 1635SO Methods of Operations Research (1981) vol.40, p.59-62. 5 refs. 1636 CODEN: MEORDE ISSN: 0078-5318 1637 Conference: Vth Symposium on Operations Research. Cologne, West 1638 Germany, 25-27 Aug 1980 1639DT Conference Article; Journal 1640TC Theoretical 1641CY Germany, Federal Republic of 1642LA English 1643AB The bilinear programming problem (BPP) may be defined in the 1644 following form: v=min(v(x,y)=<pT,x>+<qT,y>+<xT,Cy>; x epsilon K1, y 1645 epsilon K2) where K1=(x>or=0; Ax=e) K2=(y>or=0; By=f) are two 1646 polytopes. The goal is to find the global optimum (x,y) and the 1647 value v=v(x,y) of (BPP). Special methods for nonconvex problems are 1648 needed. 1649 1650L8 ANSWER 281 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1651AN 81:1722606 INSPEC DN C81024877 1652TI The Lagrangian ***relaxation*** ***method*** for solving 1653 integer programming problems. 1654AU Fisher, M.L. (Univ. of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA) 1655SO Management Science (Jan. 1981) vol.27, no.1, p.1-18. 46 refs. 1656 CODEN: MSCIAM ISSN: 0025-1909 1657DT Journal 1658TC Theoretical 1659CY United States 1660LA English 1661AB Many hard integer programming problems can be viewed as easy 1662 problems complicated by a relatively small set of side constraints. 1663 Dualizing the side constraints produces a Lagrangian problem that is 1664 easy to solve and whose optimal value is a lower bound (for 1665 minimization problems) on the optimal of the original problem. The 1666 Lagrangian problem can thus be used in place of a linear programming 1667 relaxation to provide bounds in a branch and bound algorithm. This 1668 approach has led to dramatically improved algorithms for a number of 1669 important problems in the areas of routing, location, scheduling, 1670 assignment and set covering. The paper is a review of Lagrangian 1671 relaxation based on what has been learned in the last decade. 1672 1673L8 ANSWER 283 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1674AN 81:1694822 INSPEC DN B81029190 1675TI ***Relaxation*** ***methods*** in digital image 1676 segmentation. 1677AU Gerbrands, J.J. (Tech. Hogeschool Delft, Delft, Netherlands) 1678SO Tijdschrift van het Nederlands Elektronica- en Radiogenootschap 1679 (1981) vol.46, no.1, p.11-16. 11 refs. 1680 CODEN: NERTA9 ISSN: 0374-3853 1681DT Journal 1682TC Theoretical 1683CY Netherlands 1684LA Dutch 1685AB Probabilistic relaxation label procedures are discussed in the 1686 context of low-level image segmentation. Two examples are discussed 1687 in detail. The first is the reinforcement of edges as proposed by 1688 Schachter et al. (1977). The second example deals with image 1689 segmentation by clustering in the feature domain followed by 1690 relaxation in the spatial domain. The features used are gray-level 1691 and texture. 1692 1693L8 ANSWER 285 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1694AN 81:1673539 INSPEC DN A81042064 1695TI On a ***relaxation*** ***method*** for calculating two 1696 dimensional transonic fields of flow. 1697AU Kozel, K.; Polasek, J.; Vavrincova, M. (Tech. Univ. Prague, Prague, 1698 Czechoslovakia) 1699SO Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik (1980) vol.60, 1700 no.7, p.204-6. 6 refs. 1701 CODEN: ZAMMAX ISSN: 0044-2267 1702DT Journal 1703TC Theoretical 1704CY German Democratic Republic 1705LA German 1706AB Applies the relaxation method to the calculation of the two 1707 dimensional steady state transonic flow fields during flow round 1708 thin profiled cascades and round a thin single profile between two 1709 parallel walls. After formulating the differential equations for 1710 both instances and stating the difference problems involved, it is 1711 shown that the results obtained were in good agreement, in the first 1712 instance, with interferograms and, in the second, with 1713 experimentally obtained results. 1714 1715L8 ANSWER 290 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1716AN 81:1613678 INSPEC DN C81000582 1717TI A product rule ***relaxation*** ***method*** . 1718AU Kirby, R.L. (Computer Sci. Center, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, 1719 MD, USA) 1720SO Computer Graphics and Image Processing (June 1980) vol.13, no.2, 1721 p.158-89. 11 refs. 1722 CODEN: CGIPBG ISSN: 0146-664X 1723DT Journal 1724TC Theoretical 1725CY United States 1726LA English 1727AB Probabilistic relaxation estimates the probabilities of the 1728 potential labelings of the nodes of a multigraph. The constraints 1729 used are limited to those nodes which are connected by arcs in this 1730 multigraph. A multiplicative formula called the product rule is 1731 introduced for combining the estimates of several nodes. This 1732 formula is then shown to correspond to a discrete relaxation 1733 operator. Experiments were made using the product rule to break a 1734 substitution cipher and to disambiguate the semantic labeling of the 1735 pixels of a color image of a house. The experiments showed that in 1736 some applications, the product rule converges more rapidly to 1737 estimates that permit making reasonable decisions than did a 1738 previous formula using arithmetic averaging. The experiments also 1739 suggested ways to refine the relaxation formulas to produce more 1740 precise estimates. 1741 1742L8 ANSWER 300 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1743AN 79:1373449 INSPEC DN C79020046 1744TI ***Relaxation*** ***methods*** in image processing and 1745 analysis. 1746AU Rosenfeld, A. (Computer Sci. Center, Univ. of Maryland, College 1747 Park, MD, USA) 1748SO Proceedings of the 4th International Joint Conference on Pattern 1749 Recognition 1750 Kyoto, Japan: Kyoto, Univ, 1978. p.181-5 of xxii+1166 pp. 12 refs. 1751 Conference: Kyoto, Japan, 7-10 Nov 1978 1752 Sponsor(s): Internat. Assoc. Pattern Recognition 1753DT Conference Article 1754TC Theoretical 1755CY Japan 1756LA English 1757AB Describes a class of iterative, parallel processes known as 1758 relaxation methods, and reviews some of their uses in image 1759 processing and analysis, with emphasis on recent developments. 1760 1761L8 ANSWER 304 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1762AN 79:1296648 INSPEC DN A79011888 1763TI The correct use of the dielectric ***relaxation*** 1764 ***method*** in studying dimensions, shape, and conformational 1765 transitions in proteins. 1766AU Sedykh, N.V.; Fel'dman, Yu.D. (Kazan' Univ., Kazan', USSR) 1767SO Colloid Journal of the USSR (July-Aug. 1977) vol.39, no.4, p.719-20. 1768 13 refs. 1769 CODEN: COJOA5 ISSN: 0010-1303 1770 Translation of: Kolloidnyi Zhurnal (July-Aug. 1977) vol.39, no.4, 1771 p.806-8. 13 refs. 1772 CODEN: KOZHAG ISSN: 0023-2912 1773DT Journal; Translation Abstracted 1774TC Theoretical 1775CY USSR; United States 1776LA English 1777AB An examination is made of the possibility of correct use of the 1778 dipole relaxation method in investigating the shapes, sizes, and 1779 confirmation of proteins in solution. Methods are given for taking 1780 into account the difficulties associated with problems of 1781 macroscopic viscosity, discreteness of the medium, and the selection 1782 of a bipolymer model. The sensitivity of the method to change in 1783 dimensions of the dipole-active axis of the macromolecule is 1784 evaluated. 1785 1786L8 ANSWER 306 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1787AN 78:1257228 INSPEC DN A78078977; B78046557 1788TI Coherence ***relaxation*** ***methods*** for holography. 1789AU Leith, E.N. (Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA) 1790SO Proceedings of the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation 1791 Engineers, vol.120. Three-Dimensional Imaging 1792 Editor(s): Benton, S.A. 1793 Bellingham, WA, USA: Soc. Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engr(s), 1794 1977. p.145-9 of vi+214 pp. 0 refs. 1795 Conference: San Diego, CA, USA, 25-26 Aug 1977 1796 Sponsor(s): Soc. Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engr(s) 1797 ISBN: 0-89252-147-3 1798DT Conference Article 1799TC Practical 1800CY United States 1801LA English 1802AB Techniques for producing and receiving holograms in light of reduced 1803 coherence are described. Both coherent and incoherent methods are 1804 considered. 1805 1806L8 ANSWER 314 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1807AN 77:1110457 INSPEC DN A77080137 1808TI ***Relaxation*** ***methods*** for time dependent 1809 conservation equations in fluid mechanics. 1810AU Wirz, H.J. (von Karman Inst. for Fluid Dynamics, Rhode-St-Genese, 1811 Belgium) 1812SO AGARD Lecture Series No.86 on Computational Fluid Dynamics 1813 Neuilly sur Seine, France: AGARD, 1977. p.4/1-49 of v+168 pp. 27 1814 refs. 1815 Conference: Rhode-Saint-Genese, Belgium, 19-23 March 1977 1816 Sponsor(s): AGARD 1817DT Conference Article 1818TC Theoretical 1819CY France 1820LA English 1821AB The approximate discrete solution of the fundamental steady state 1822 conservation equations of classical physics and in particular fluid 1823 mechanics leads in general to large nonlinear systems of algebraic 1824 equations, which must be solved iteratively. Of predominant interest 1825 is, of course, the reliability of the discrete analogue of the basic 1826 conservation laws (numerical model) for finite mesh size. Due to the 1827 inherent limitations of available computers (speed, capacity) a 1828 second issue plays an equally important role namely the problem of 1829 efficiency of iterative methods. The acceleration of the convergence 1830 of these methods to solve stationary partial differential equations 1831 is the subject of relaxation. 1832 1833L8 ANSWER 317 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1834AN 77:1048606 INSPEC DN A77039760 1835TI Gaussian ***relaxation*** ***method*** . I. Homopolar 1836 tetrahedral solids. 1837AU Mele, E.J.; Joannopoulos, J.D. (Dept. of Phys., MIT, Cambridge, MA, 1838 USA) 1839SO Physical Review B (Solid State) (15 Jan. 1977) vol.15, no.2, 1840 p.901-8. 11 refs. 1841 CODEN: PLRBAQ ISSN: 0556-2805 1842DT Journal 1843TC Theoretical 1844CY United States 1845LA English 1846AB A method is developed for extending an empirical tight-binding 1847 theory to calculate the densities of state for very large but finite 1848 systems. A set of bond-centred analytic wave functions are derived 1849 for application of the method to the calculation of charge densities 1850 in crystalline Ge as a model homopolar tetrahedral solid. 1851 1852L8 ANSWER 327 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1853AN 76:878527 INSPEC DN A76027657 1854TI On Chahine's ***relaxation*** ***method*** for the radiative 1855 transfer equation. 1856AU Barcilon, V. (Dept. of Geophys. Sci., Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 1857 USA) 1858SO Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences (Aug. 1975) vol.32, no.8, 1859 p.1626-30. 11 refs. 1860 CODEN: JAHSAK ISSN: 0022-4928 1861DT Journal 1862TC Practical; Theoretical 1863CY United States 1864LA English 1865AB The iteration scheme proposed by Chahine for the solution of the 1866 radiative transfer equation is discussed in the context of the 1867 inverse problem for the thermal structure of the atmosphere. 1868 Sufficient conditions which insure the convergence of the iteration 1869 are given. 1870 1871L8 ANSWER 328 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1872AN 76:875651 INSPEC DN A76024138 1873TI Measurement of the thermal properties of a metal using a 1874 ***relaxation*** ***method*** . 1875AU Fox, J.N.; McMaster, R.H. (Dept. of Phys., Indiana Univ. of 1876 Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, USA) 1877SO American Journal of Physics (Dec. 1975) vol.43, no.12, p.1083-6. 7 1878 refs. 1879 CODEN: AJPIAS ISSN: 0002-9505 1880DT Journal 1881TC Experimental 1882CY United States 1883LA English 1884AB A dynamic method for determining the thermal conductivity and 1885 specific heat of metals in the range 273 to 373K is described. The 1886 necessary theory and experimental techniques for recording the 1887 change in temperature as a function of time are given. 1888 1889L8 ANSWER 340 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1890AN 75:812663 INSPEC DN A75069822 1891TI Non-linear ***relaxation*** ***methods*** . III. 1892 Current-controlled perturbations. 1893AU Rangarajan, S.K. (Materials Sci. Div., Nat. Aeronautical Lab., 1894 Bangalore, India) 1895SO Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial 1896 Electrochemistry (25 June 1975) vol.62, no.1, p.31-41. 5 refs. 1897 CODEN: JEIEBC ISSN: 0022-0728 1898DT Journal 1899TC Theoretical 1900CY Switzerland 1901LA English 1902AB For pt.II see ibid., vol.56, no.1, p.27 (1974). A unified theory is 1903 presented for the potential perturbations resulting from the 1904 disturbance of an electrode electrolyte interface system with an 1905 arbitrary current profile. A functional expression, valid for 1906 evaluating all orders of potential perturbation when a current of 1907 known profile is superimposed, is derived. Generalized expressions 1908 for distortion potential and rectification potential are given. The 1909 problems of iR drop and charging current compensation are also 1910 discussed. 1911 1912=> d bib ab 341-343,357,359,361,363,376,377,381,386,389,392,399,404,403,402 1913 1914L8 ANSWER 341 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1915AN 75:792706 INSPEC DN A75059938 1916TI The simulation of skin temperature distributions by means of a 1917 ***relaxation*** ***method*** (applied to IR thermography). 1918AU Vermey, G.F. (Dept. of Electrical Engng. Twente Univ. of Technol., 1919 Enschede, Netherlands) 1920SO Physics in Medicine and Biology (May 1975) vol.20, no.3, p.384-94. 1921 13 refs. 1922 CODEN: PHMBA7 ISSN: 0031-9155 1923DT Journal 1924TC Theoretical 1925CY United Kingdom 1926LA English 1927AB To solve the differential equation for the heat in a two-layer, 1928 rectangular piece of skin tissue, a relaxation method, based on a 1929 finite difference technique, is used. The temperature distributions 1930 on the skin surface are calculated. The results are used to derive a 1931 criterion for the resolution for an infrared thermograph in a 1932 specific situation. A major limitation on the resolution in medical 1933 thermography is given. As an example of the power of the model, the 1934 sensitivity of the temperature profiles for variations of the layer 1935 thickness is determined. 1936 1937L8 ANSWER 342 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1938AN 75:790638 INSPEC DN A75057639 1939TI ***Relaxation*** ***methods*** in fluid mechanics. 1940AU Lomax, H.; Steger, J.L. (NASA, Moffett Field, CA, USA) 1941SO Annual review of fluid mechanics. Vol.7 1942 Editor(s): Van Dyke, M.; Vincenti, G. 1943 Palo Alto, CA, USA: Annual Reviews, 1975. p.63-88 of ix+398 pp. 70 1944 refs. 1945 Price: $15.50 1946 ISBN: 0-8243-0707-0 1947DT Book Article 1948TC Bibliography; General Review 1949CY United States 1950LA English 1951AB It is assumed that the numerical model is an accurate 1952 finite-difference representation of the physical problem for which 1953 it was constructed. An iterative solution of a coupled set of 1954 difference equations is considered and methods are considered that 1955 carry successive approximates to a state that is invariant with 1956 further iteration and independent of the initial guess. This defines 1957 a process of relaxation. The time-like aspect and basic principles 1958 of relaxation are presented. 1959 1960L8 ANSWER 343 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1961AN 75:784468 INSPEC DN C75015687 1962TI A ***relaxation*** ***method*** for reconstructing objects 1963 from noise X-rays. 1964AU Herman, G.T. (State Univ. New York, Buffalo, Amherst, MA, USA) 1965SO Mathematical Programming (Feb. 1975) vol.8, no.1, p.1-19. 22 refs. 1966 CODEN: MHPGA4 ISSN: 0025-5610 1967DT Journal 1968TC Application; Theoretical 1969CY Netherlands 1970LA English 1971AB An algorithm is presented for estimating the density distribution in 1972 a cross section of an object from X-ray data which in practice is 1973 unavoidably noisy. The data give rise to a large sparse system of 1974 inconsistent equations, not untypically 105 equations with 104 1975 unknowns, with only about 1% of the coefficients non-zero. Using the 1976 physical interpretation of the equations, each equality can in 1977 principle be replaced by a pair of inequalities, giving the limits 1978 within which the sum is believed to lie. An algorithm is proposed 1979 for solving this set of inequalities. The algorithm is basically a 1980 relaxation method. A finite convergence result is proved. In spite 1981 of the large size of the system, in the application area of interest 1982 practical solution on a computer is possible because of the simple 1983 geometry of the problem and the redundancy of equations obtained 1984 from nearby X-rays. The algorithm has been implemented, and is 1985 demonstrated by actual reconstructions. 1986 1987L8 ANSWER 357 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 1988AN 73:537779 INSPEC DN C73016792 1989TI A new ***relaxation*** ***method*** for obtaining the lowest 1990 eigenvalue and eigenvector of a matrix equation. 1991AU Muda, Y. (Osaka Univ., Suita, Japan) 1992SO International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering (1973) 1993 vol.6, no.4, p.511-19. 4 refs. 1994 CODEN: IJNMBH ISSN: 0029-5981 1995DT Journal 1996TC Theoretical 1997CY United Kingdom 1998LA English 1999AB The matrix eigenvalue problem Hui= lambda iui is considered. It is 2000 shown that when a new approximate vector v(n+1) to u1 (the 2001 eigenvector of the lowest eigenvalue) is computed from the present 2002 one v(n) by the relation v(n+1)=(1- alpha H+ beta H2)v(n+1)=1- alpha 2003 H+BH2- gamma H3)v(n), the convergence rate is at least double that 2004 of the gradient method which corresponds to set beta = theta =0. 2005 Moreover, by choosing parameters alpha , beta , or gamma properly, 2006 one can get about three to five times faster convergence rate than 2007 that of the latter method, for H having very small lambda 2- lambda 2008 1 and very large lambda N (the largest eigenvalue). Further 2009 modifications are suggested. The relation with the Richardson method 2010 is also discussed. 2011 2012L8 ANSWER 359 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 2013AN 73:531350 INSPEC DN A73044722 2014TI On linear ***relaxation*** ***methods*** . 2015AU Rangarajan, S.K. (Nat. Aeronautical Lab., Bangalore, India) 2016SO Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial 2017 Electrochemistry (9 Feb. 1973) vol.41, no.3, p.459-71. 5 refs. 2018 CODEN: JEIEBC ISSN: 0022-0728 2019DT Journal 2020TC Theoretical 2021CY Switzerland 2022LA English 2023AB A parametric approach towards the classification of relaxation 2024 methods is presented. It is emphasised how such a perspective is 2025 non-trivial and informative. As a natural consequence, this formal 2026 theory of the methodology of linear methods suggests two new 2027 current-based transient techniques with two parameters. A comparison 2028 of one of these is made with the other methods already available. 2029 2030L8 ANSWER 361 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 2031AN 73:530411 INSPEC DN A73043526 2032TI Determination of some structure characteristic data of a ribonucleic 2033 acid and of a protein through the dielectric ***relaxation*** 2034 ***method*** . 2035AU Constantinescu, S.; Dumitrescu, H. (Inst. Politehnic 'Gheorghe 2036 Gheorghiu-Dej' Bucuresti, Romania) 2037SO Buletinul Institutului Politehnic 'Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej' Bucuresti 2038 (Nov.-Dec. 1972) vol.34, no.6, p.29-33. 2 refs. 2039 CODEN: BIGBAY ISSN: 0366-0419 2040DT Journal 2041TC Experimental 2042CY Romania 2043LA Romanian 2044AB The paper shows the results of the study on some bipolymers (a 2045 ribonucleic acid and a protein-ovalbumin) through the dielectric 2046 relaxation method. Information is obtained concerning the mode of 2047 statistical arrangement, the dipole moment, molecular weight, etc. 2048 of the studied biopolymers in dilute solutions. 2049 2050L8 ANSWER 363 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 2051AN 73:526795 INSPEC DN C73015129 2052TI A program using the successive extrapolated ***relaxation*** 2053 ***method*** to solve Laplace's equation. 2054AU Kinsner, W.; Torre, E.D. (McMaster Univ., Hamilton, Ont., Canada) 2055SO IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques (May 1973) 2056 vol.MTT21, no.5, p.365. 2 refs. 2057 CODEN: IETMAB ISSN: 0018-9480 2058DT Journal 2059TC Application; Theoretical 2060CY United States 2061LA English 2062AB Using Fortran IV, the program determines fields satisfying Laplace's 2063 equation with Dirichlet and/or Neumann boundary conditions. 2064 Subroutine SER may be applied to other iterative methods. 2065 2066L8 ANSWER 376 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 2067AN 72:374963 INSPEC DN C72009526 2068TI ***Relaxation*** ***methods*** . 2069AU Birkhoff, G. (Harvard Univ., MA, USA) 2070SO Regional Conference Series in Applied Mathematics (1971) no.1, 2071 p.29-37. 10 refs. 2072 CODEN: RCSMBO ISSN: 0160-7642 2073DT Journal 2074TC Theoretical 2075CY United States 2076LA English 2077AB Discusses iterative methods for solving systems of linear (vector) 2078 equations of the form Au=b. Methods involving 'relaxation methods' 2079 are especially applicable when A is a Stieltjos mat4ix of the form 2080 A=D-E-F, F=E/sup T/. The Gauss-Seidal method, Richardson's method, 2081 point successive overrelaxation, line and block overrelaxation and 2082 rates of convergence of methods are considered. 2083 2084L8 ANSWER 377 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 2085AN 72:374041 INSPEC DN C72008575 2086TI ***Relaxation*** ***methods*** for pure and mixed integer 2087 programming problems. 2088AU Gorry, G.A.; Shapiro, J.F. (MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA); Wolsey, L.A. 2089SO Management Science (Jan. 1971) vol.18, pt.1, no.5, p.229-39. 12 2090 refs. 2091 CODEN: MSCIAM ISSN: 0025-1909 2092DT Journal 2093TC Practical 2094CY United States 2095LA English 2096AB The usefulness of group theoretic methods in solving integer 2097 programming (IP) problems is extended by procedures for controlling 2098 the size of the groups. The main procedure given shows how an 2099 optimal linear programming basis can be altered to reduce the 2100 magnitude of its determinant thereby reducing the size of the group 2101 induced by the basis. An adaption of Benders' mixed IP algorithm is 2102 given which uses these methods. Some limited computational 2103 experience is given. 2104 2105L8 ANSWER 381 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 2106AN 71:323191 INSPEC DN C71023758 2107TI ***Relaxation*** ***method*** for mixed boundary conditions. 2108AU Niki, H.; Kimura, H.; Usui, M.; Akutu, Y. (okayama Coll. Sci., 2109 Syuku, Japan) 2110SO Electronics Letters (9 Sept. 1971) vol.7, no.18, p.525-7 2111 CODEN: ELLEAK ISSN: 0013-5194 2112DT Journal 2113TC Theoretical 2114CY United Kingdom 2115LA English 2116AB The numerical solution of Laplace's equation in 2-dimensional 2117 Cartesian co-ordinates with mixed boundary conditions is described 2118 using the successive-overrelaxation method for solution with the 2119 acceleration parameter decided by a method proposed formerly. Its 2120 effectiveness is compared with that of other methods. 2121 2122L8 ANSWER 386 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 2123AN 71:233879 INSPEC DN A71019840 2124TI A ***relaxation*** ***method*** for the computation of model 2125 stellar atmospheres. 2126AU Price, M.J. (Kitt Peak Nat. Obs., Tucson, AZ, USA) 2127SO Theory and observation of normal stellar atmospheres, proceedings of 2128 3rd Harvard-Smithsonian conference on stellar atmospheres 2129 Editor(s): Gingerich, O. 2130 Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press, 1969. p.139-41 of xv+472 pp. 2131 Conference: Cambridge, MA, USA, 8-11 April 1968 2132 Sponsor(s): Smithsonian Astrophys. Obs.; Harvard College Obs 2133 ISBN: 0-262-07035-9 2134DT Conference Article 2135TC Theoretical 2136CY United States 2137LA English 2138AB A Monte Carlo relaxation method has been developed for the 2139 computation of model stellar atmospheres. The equations of 2140 statistical equilibrium for the atomic-level populations are solved 2141 simultaneously with the radiative-transfer and electron-temperature 2142 equations by use of the constraints of hydrostatic and radiative 2143 equilibrium. Selected LTE boundary conditions are applied deep in 2144 the atmosphere. In the solution of the statistical-equilibrium 2145 equations, all possible electron collisional and radiative processes 2146 are considered. In formulating the source function, all atomic 2147 processes contributing to the absorption and emission coefficients 2148 are considered in microscopic detail. The local electron temperature 2149 is obtained by solving the kinetic-energy balance equation for the 2150 electron gas. All electron collisional and radiative processes 2151 whereby kinetic energy is gained and lost by the electron gas are 2152 considered. Thomson scattering is taken into account in formulating 2153 the equation of radiative transfer. The free-bound and bound-bound 2154 radiation is transferred throughout the atmosphere by use of the 2155 Monte Carlo technique. 2156 2157L8 ANSWER 389 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 2158AN 70:187216 INSPEC DN A70068527 2159TI Thermodynamic properties of interstitial solid solutions by 2160 ***relaxation*** ***methods*** . 2161AU Alefeld, G.; Volkl, J.; Tretkowski, J. (Inst. Festkorper, 2162 Neutronenphys., Julich, West Germany) 2163SO Journal of the Physics and Chemistry of Solids (Aug. 1970) vol.31, 2164 no.8, p.1765-9. 17 refs. 2165 CODEN: JPCSAW ISSN: 0022-3697 2166 Conference: International conference on ultrasonic attenuation and 2167 internal friction. Providence, RI, USA, 3-6 Sept 1969 2168 Sponsor(s): IUPAP 2169DT Conference Article; Journal 2170CY United Kingdom 2171LA English 2172AB By elastic relaxation methods the derivative ( delta mu / delta rho 2173 )T of the chemical potential of solutes can be determined absolutely 2174 as a function of temperature and density rho . Therefore useful 2175 parameters which characterize the solubility of gases in metals or 2176 which determine phase transitions of solutes can be found by elastic 2177 relaxation methods. As an example experiments on hydrogen in niobium 2178 are discussed. On the basis of experimental parameters (trace of the 2179 elastic dipole moment tensor, critical density, critical 2180 temperature) it will be argued that the attractive interaction of H 2181 in Nb, which is responsible for the phase transition, is of elastic 2182 nature. 2183 2184L8 ANSWER 392 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 2185AN 70:125882 INSPEC DN A70029268; C70007947 2186TI A computer adaptation of southwell's ***relaxation*** 2187 ***method*** with application to elastic-plastic stress analysis. 2188AU Wesner, J.W., Jr. 2189CS Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, USA 2190SO 205 pp. Availability: Univ. Microfilms, Ann Arbor, MI., USA Order 2191 no. 68-17620 2192DT Dissertation 2193CY United States 2194LA English 2195AB Southwell's relaxation method is studied, as a means for solving 2196 problems of elastic-perfectly plastic stress analysis with the aid 2197 of a digital computer. Procedures are developed for computerized 2198 relaxation. A number of the special techniques for facilitating hand 2199 relaxation are evaluated, and those which profitably adapt to 2200 automatic computation are incorporated into the computerized 2201 process. Specific applications of the method to problems of 2202 elastic-perfectly plastic stress analysis are considered. Special 2203 techniques are developed for the yielded zone. These are then 2204 demonstrated by solutions for the notched bar loaded in tension, and 2205 for the plane strain indenter. The computer method is evaluated by 2206 comparing the notched bar solutions with similar solutions obtained 2207 by hand. Results for the indenter are compared with slip-line 2208 theory, and with a solution obtained using a finite- element 2209 computer code. 2210 2211L8 ANSWER 399 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 2212AN 69:58871 INSPEC DN C69009320 2213TI A digital computer solution of the Laplace equation using the 2214 dynamic ***relaxation*** ***method*** . 2215AU Rushton, K.R.; Laing, L.M. (Univ. Birmingham, UK) 2216SO Aeronautical Quarterly (Nov. 1968) vol.19, pt.4, p.375-87 2217 CODEN: AEQUAY ISSN: 0001-9259 2218DT Journal 2219CY United Kingdom 2220LA English 2221AB The Dynamic Relaxation solution of the Laplace equation introduces 2222 dynamic terms into the basic equation. When this is written as an 2223 explicit finite difference formulation it can be solved by an 2224 iterative process which only requires a simple substitution routine. 2225 The method is easy to programme and requires small storage in the 2226 computer. By studying problems involving wind tunnel interference in 2227 steady flow, the potentialities of the method are demonstrated. 2228 2229L8 ANSWER 404 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 2230AN 69:6426 INSPEC DN A69004293 2231TI A systematic ***relaxation*** ***method*** for the 2232 determination of the normal modes and the natural frequencies of 2233 vibrating systems. 2234AU Allman, D.J.; Brotton, D.M. (Dept. Civil Engineering, StrEngineering 2235 Div., Univ. Manchester Inst. Sci. Technology, UK) 2236SO International Journal of Mechanical Sciences (Feb. 1968) vol.10, 2237 no.2, p.129-41. 10 refs. 2238 CODEN: IMSCAW ISSN: 0020-7403 2239DT Journal 2240CY United Kingdom 2241LA English 2242AB A systematic relaxation method for the determination of the normal 2243 modes and natural frequencies of harmonic and quasi-harmonic 2244 vibrating systems is presented. The method is capable of dealing 2245 with systems which can be idealized as discrete masses with 2246 interconnecting massless elastic springs. The method is based on the 2247 numerical integration of the restraint accelerations acting on the 2248 masses of a system as it vibrates in a constrained configuration and 2249 it is thus convenient for use with a digital comowever,Hsolutions to 2250 systems with a small number of degrees of freedom may be obtained by 2251 hand calculations alone. 2252 2253L8 ANSWER 403 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 2254AN 69:19149 INSPEC DN C69002847 2255TI Numerical solution of the problem of heat propagation in one 2256 dimension by the iterative super- ***relaxation*** ***method*** 2257 . 2258AU Ribero dos Santos, J.; Rigal, A. 2259SO Remote Sensing of Environment (July 1968) vol.2, no.10, p.53-64 2260 CODEN: RSEEA7 ISSN: 0034-4257 2261DT Journal 2262CY United States 2263LA French 2264AB Concerns the problem of heat propagation or diffusion in one 2265 dimension in an isotropic homogeneous medium. The 2nd order 2266 approximation of the problem can be expressed in a formula depending 2267 on a parameter theta . For a certain value of theta a 4th order 2268 approximation in x and a second order approximation in t can be 2269 obtained. The problem is solved by the iterative super-relaxation 2270 method, applying the property of the reducibility of the total 2271 linear system. A numerical example is also given. 2272 2273L8 ANSWER 402 OF 404 INSPEC COPYRIGHT 1997 IEE 2274AN 69:19158 INSPEC DN C69002856 2275TI On the use of gradient ***relaxation*** ***method*** for 2276 solution of a system of nonlinear equations. 2277AU Spiridonov, V.S. 2278SO Zhurnal Vychislitel'noi Matematiki i Matematicheskoi Fiziki (July 2279 1968) vol.8, no.4, p.872-3 2280 CODEN: ZVMFAN ISSN: 0044-4669 2281DT Journal 2282CY USSR 2283LA Russian 2284AB An algorithm is given for convergence of an iterative 2285 trajectory-following method if the vicinity of a root is convex. 2286 2287=>