1%%% 2%%% YaTeX-LaTeX Help File(c)HIROSE Yuuji [yuuji@yatex.org] 3%%% You can translate this file for any device other than YaTeX via 4%%% any filter program. But it is not allowed to remove copyright 5%%% notice and any existing dictionary entiries which describes the 6%%% source of this file. 7%%% 8 9textfloatsep 10\addtolength{\textfloatsep}{LENGTH} 11Length between the text and a float at the top or bottom of page 12 13floatsep 14\addtolength{\floatsep}{LENGTH} 15Length between two floats 16 17oddsidemargin 18\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{LENGTH} 19Length between text and a line 1 inch from the left of page, on the 20right page 21 22 23pagestyle 24\pagestyle{STYLE} 25Determines header and footer styles on output page. There are the 26following styles 27plain Standard style. Page number only in footer. 28empty No headers or footers are output. 29headings Puts page number and headings according to section in header. 30 No footer is output. 31myheadings User defines what goes into headings using \markbpth and \markright 32 33thispagestyle 34\thispagestyle{STYLE} 35Determines the STYLE for the current page only 36 37pagenumbering 38\pagenumbering{STYLE} 39Determines the STYLE of page numbers. Type of STYLEs are, 40arabic arabic numerals 41alph lowercase alphabets 42Alph uppercase alphabets 43roman lowercase roman numerals 44Roman uppercase roman numerals 45 46shortstack 47\shortstack[POSITION]{TEXT\\TO BE\\STACKED} 48Stack and display contents within {}, separated by \\. 49Possible [POSITION]s are, l(left), c(center), r(right). 50 51newlength 52\newlength{NAME} 53Declare NAME as a length command. 54 55addtolength 56\addtolength{LENGTH COMMAND}{VALUE} 57Adds VALUE to LENGTH COMMAND. 58See \setlength for major style parameters. 59 60setlength 61\setlength{LENGTH COMMAND}{VALUE} 62Set the value of LENGTH COMMAND to VALUE. 63Major style parameters are: 64(Style parameters must be changed in the preamble) 65\evensidemargin \footheight \footskip \headheight 66\headsep \marginparsep \marginparwidth \oddsidemargin 67\textheight \textwidth \topmargin \topskip 68\parindent \baselineskip \baselinestretch \parskip 69\columnsep \columnseprule \mathindent 70 71settowidth{\NAME}{TEXT} 72Set the value of \NAME to the width of \hbox{TEXT}. 73 74evensidemargin 75\setlength{\evensidemargin}{LENGTH} 76Length between body and a line 1 inch from the left of page, on the 77left page. 78 79footheight 80\setlength{\footheight}{LENGTH} 81Height of footer. 82 83footskip 84\setlength{\footskip}{LENGTH} 85Length between bottom of body and footer. 86 87headheight 88\addtolength{\headheight}{LENGTH} 89Height of header. 90 91headsep 92\setlength{\headsep}{LENGTH} 93Length between top of body and header. 94 95marginparsep 96\addtolength{\marginparsep}{LENGTH} 97Length between the body and marginal notes 98 99marginparwidth 100\addtolength{\marginparwidth}{LENGTH} 101Width of marginal notes. 102 103oddsidemargin 104\addtolength{\oddsidemargin}{LENGTH} 105Length between body and a line 1 inch from the left of page, on the 106right page. 107 108 109textheight 110\addtolength{\textheight}{LENGTH} 111Height of text. 112 113textwidth 114\addtolength{\textwidth}{LENGTH} 115Width of body. 116 117topmargin 118\addtolength{\topmargin}{LENGTH} 119Length between the header and a line one inch from the top of the page. 120 121topskip 122\addtolength{\topskip}{LENGTH} 123Length between top of the body to the first line of the text. 124 125parindent 126\setlength{\parindent}{LENGTH} 127Width of indentation at the beginning of a paragraph. 128 129linewidth 130\addtolength{\linewidth}{LENGTH} 131Width of lines. 132 133baselineskip 134\addtolength{baselineskip}{LENGTH} 135Minimum height between baselines (bottom of a line). 136 137baselinestretch 138\renewcommand{baselinestretch}{1.5} 139Value to multiply \baselineskip. (default is 1) 140(* Redefine using \renewcommand. Don't use \setlength. 141 142parskip 143\addtolength{\parskip}{LENGTH} 144Vertical space before a paragraph. 145 146columnsep 147\addtolength{\columnsep}{LENGTH} 148Width between columns in a two column environment. 149 150columnseprule 151\addtolength{\columnseprule}{LENGTH} 152Width of ruler to separate columns in a two column environment. 153(default is 0pt) 154 155columnwidth 156\addtolength{\columnwidth}{LENGTH} 157(\textwidth - \columnsep)/2 in a two column environment. 158Otherwise, equal to \textwidth. 159 160mathindent 161\addtolength{mathindent}{LENGTH} 162Width of indentation of a equation from the left margin, when fleqn is 163defined as style option. 164 165LaTeX 166\LaTeX 167Display \LaTeX logo. Definition of \LaTeX is; 168\def\LaTeX{{\rm L\kern-.36em\raise.3ex\hbox{\sc a}\kern-.15em 169 T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}} 170 171fragile 172** LaTeX term ** 173Any command which expanded result changes by an argument. 174Opposite is a robust command. 175 176robust 177** LaTeX term ** 178Commands which expanded results are always the same. 179Font type/size selection commands, length commands, and most commands 180used within math mode is robust. 181(maketitle type commands that don't take any arguments) 182 183protect 184\protect `a fragile command' 185Commands that the result changes according to it's arguments are 186called "fragile commands". When an argument is referenced in more 187than one place, the command is said to "take a moving argument". 188chapter and caption, whose argument will be used in the table of 189contents, or an @ in an tabular/array environment are examples. 190 191When a "fragile command" is used in a "moving argument", it must be 192preceded by a \protect. Following is an example. 193 194\newcommand{\thissystem}[1]{YaTeX version #1} 195\chapter{About \protect \thissystem{1.50}} 196 197newcommand 198\newcommand{\NAME}[ARGS]{DEF} 199Define a macro \NAME as DEF, taking ARGS number of arguments. The nth 200argument will be referred as #n in the definition. 201If used as 202 \newcommand{\foo}[1]{\underline{#1}} 203\foo{bar} will be expanded to \underline{bar}. When a font selection 204command is used as 205 \newcommand{\foo}[1]{\bf #1} 206\foo{bar} will be expanded as \bf bar in the text, so, it must be used as 207 \newcommand{\foo}[1]{{\bf #1}} 208 209If NAME is already defined as a macro, it will return an error. To 210redefine, use \renewcommand. 211 212renewcommand 213\renewcommand{\NAME}[ARGS]{DEF} 214Redefine an already defined command. 215<refer newcommand> 216 217newenvironment 218\newenvironment{NAME}[ARGS]{DEF1}{DEF2} 219Define a new environment. 220\begin{NAME} will be replaced by DEF1 and \end{NAME} will be replaced 221by DEF2. Same as 222 \newcommand{\NAME}{DEF1} \def{\end{\NAME}}{DEF2} 223 224renewenvironment 225\renewenvironment{NAME}[ARGS]{DEF1}{DEF2} 226Redefine an environment NAME that already exists. 227<refer newenvironment> 228 229typeout 230\typeout{MESSAGE} 231Output MESSAGE to the terminal while typesetting. 232 233typein 234\typein{MESSAGE} \typein[\MACRO]{MESSAGE} 235Output MESSAGE to terminal and execute the input. 236In the second form, \MACRO will be defined as the input. 237 238par 239\par 240Used to separate paragraphs. Same as a blank line. 241 242everypar 243\everypar 244RTFM 245 246nopagebreak 247\nopagebreak[i] (i = 0,1,2,3,4) 248Prevents pages to be broken by the strength of i. (default is 4) 249 250pagebreak 251\pagebreak[i] (i = 0,1,2,3,4) 252Forces pages to be broken by the strength of i. (default is 4) 253 254linebreak 255\linebreak[i] (i = 0,1,2,3,4) 256Forces lines to be broken by the strength of i. (default is 4) 257 258nolinebreak 259\nolinebreak[i] (i = 0,1,2,3,4) 260Prevents lines to be broken by the strength of i. (default is 4) 261 262samepage 263\samepage 264Prevents page to be broken. 265RTFM 266 267obeycr 268\obeycr 269Define <CR> as \\. see \restorecr 270 271restorecr 272\restorecr 273Restore <CR>'s definition changed by \obeycr. 274 275\ 276\\ \\[LENGTH] 277 278Breaks a line at any given point. Same as \newline if used within a 279paragraph. If an option argument LENGTH is given, vertical space to 280next line will be \vspace{LENGTH}. 281 282addvspace 283\addvspace{SKIP} 284Adds space equal to SKIP to vertical space. If more than one values 285are given as \addvspace{S1} \addvspace{S2}, it will be the same as 286\addvspace{the larger of S1, S2}. 287 288vspace 289\vspace{LENGTH} \vspace*{LENGTH} 290Adds vertical space of LENGTH. 291\vspace* will add space at any given position, but \vspace will not 292add at beginning or end of a page. 293 294vspace* 295\vspace{LENGTH} \vspace*{LENGTH} 296Adds vertical space of LENGTH. 297\vspace* will add space at any given position, but \vspace will not 298add at beginning or end of a page. 299 300hspace 301\hspace{LENGTH} \hspace*{LENGTH} 302Adds horizontal space of LENGTH. 303\hspace* will add space at any given position, but \hspace will not add 304at beginning or end of a line. 305 306hspace* 307\hspace{LENGTH} \hspace*{LENGTH} 308Adds horizontal space of LENGTH. 309\hspace* will add space at any given position, but \hspace will not add 310at beginning or end of a line. 311 312smallskip 313\smallskip 314Put a small vertical space. 315\def\smallskip{\vspace\smallskipamount} 316 317medskip 318\medskip 319Put a medium vertical space. 320\def\medskip{\vspace\medskipamount} 321 322bigskip 323\bigskip 324Put a big vertical skip. 325\def\bigskip{\vspace\bigskipamount} 326 327, 328\, 329Opens a thin space. Can be used in paragraph mode, LR mode, or math mode. 330Used to write a quote within a quote. 331example: ``\,`Foo', he said.'' 332Spaces that can be used in math mode are: 333 \: medium space 334 \! negative and thin space 335 \; thick space 336 337: 338$\:$ 339Medium space. Math mode only. 340 341! 342$\!$ 343Negative thin space. Math mode only. 344 345; 346$\;$ 347Thick space. Math mode only. 348 349whiledo{TEST}{BODY} 350Repeat BODY while TEST is true. 351 352nofiles 353\nofiles 354If \nofiles is in the preamble, .aux, .idx, .lof, .lot, .toc files will 355not be made. 356 357includeonly 358\includeonly{sub1} \includeonly{sub1,sub3} 359Appoints actual files to be read and processed by \include{}. (.tex can 360be suppressed) 361Files not given in the argument list of \includeonly will not be 362processed at all. If the file has been processed before, it will be 363treated as if there were no changes from then. 364 365include 366\include{FILE} 367Same as 368\clearpage \input{FILE} \clearpage 369 370input 371\input{FILE} 372Process as if FILE.tex has been inserted at that point. 373 374setcounter 375\setcounter{FOO}{VAL} 376Set counter FOO's value to VAL. 377 378<refer How to Introduce new counter> 379 380addtocounter 381\addtocounter{FOO}{VAL} 382Add value VAL to counter FOO. 383 384<refer How to Introduce new counter> 385 386newcounter 387\newcounter{COUNTER}[OLDCTR] 388Defines a new counter COUNTER. 389If an optional argument OLDCTR is given, COUNTER's value will be reset 390every time OLDCTR's value is changed by \stepcounter or \addtocounter. 391 392<refer How to Introduce new counter> 393 394How to Introduce new counter 395You'll get `Question n.' increasing n with \mondai, by setting as below. 396 397\newcounter{toi} 398\renewcommand{\thetoi}{Question \arabic{toi}.~ } 399\setcounter{toi}{0} 400\newcommand{\mondai}{\refstepcounter{toi}\thetoi} 401 402value 403\value{COUNTER} 404Returns value of COUNTER. Must not be preceded by \protect. 405 406stepcounter 407\stepcounter{FOO} 408Increments value of counter FOO. Also resets any counter dependent to FOO. 409 410refstepcounter 411\refstepcounter{FOO} 412Increments value of counter FOO. Also resets any counter dependent to 413FOO. Defers with \stepcounter as; if \label{hoge} follows immediately 414after \refstepcounter{FOO}, \ref{hoge}'s value will be set to \value{FOO}. 415 416arabic 417\arabic{COUNTER} 418Output COUNTER's value in arabic numerals. 419 420roman 421\roman{COUNTER} 422Output COUNTER's value in lower case roman numerals. 423 424Roman 425\Roman{COUNTER} 426Output COUNTER's value in upper case roman numerals. 427 428alph 429\alph{COUNTER} 430Output COUNTER's value in lower case alphabet. 431 432Alph 433\Alph{COUNTER} 434Output COUNTER's value in upper case alphabet. 435 436fnsymbol 437\fnsymbol{COUNTER} 438Output COUNTER's value in footnote symbols (1 = *, 2 = \dagger, ...). 439Math mode only. 440 441label 442\label{LABEL} 443Set value of LABEL to \ref VALUE. 444This value is referred by \ref{VALUE}. \pageref{LABEL} refers to the 445page number \label{LABEL} exists. 446``\ref VALUEs'' are, section commands as \section, \item commands within 447an enumerate environment, values set by a theorem environment. For 448example, immediately after a \item of a enumerate environment, the item 449number will be the ``\ref VALUE''. \label{LABEL} will set the item 450number to LABEL. 451 452ref 453\ref{LABEL} 454Refer to LABEL's value set by \label{LABEL}. 455Examples of values returned are; page numbers for LABELs set in the main 456text, table numbers for LABELs set in a table, and the item number for 457LABELs set in an item of the enumerate environment. 458 459pageref 460\pageref{LABEL} 461Refer to the page number where \label{LABEL} exists. 462 463( 464\( EQUATION \) 465Produce an in-text equation. 466Same as 467\begin{math} EQUATION \end{math} 468\( and \) are fragile. 469 470) 471\( x^2 = 4 \) 472Produce an in-text equation. 473Same as 474\begin{math} EQUATION \end{math} 475\( and \) are fragile. 476 477[ 478\[ EQUATION \] 479Produce an equation in display mode. 480Same as 481\begin{displaymath} EQUATION \end{displaymath} 482\[ and \] are fragile. 483 484) 485\[ EQUATION \] 486Produce an equation in display mode. 487Same as 488\begin{displaymath} EQUATION \end{displaymath} 489\[ and \] are fragile. 490 491equation 492\begin{equation} EQUATION \end{equation} 493Produce a numbered equation in displaymath mode. 494 495eqnarray 496\begin{eqnarray} EQNS \end{eqnarray} 497Produce equations aligned in three columns. The columns are separated by 498& as ``left member & sign & right member''. For example, 499\begin{eqnarray} 500 3x + 2y & = & 4 \\ 501 x - 4y & = & -5 502\end{eqnarray} 503 504eqnarray* 505\begin{eqnarray*} EQNS \end{eqnarray*} 506Same as eqnarray, except no equation numbers are produced. 507 508frac 509\frac{NUMER}{DENOM} 510Produce a fraction as 511 NUMER 512------ 513 DENOM 514Same as {NUMER \over DENOM} 515 516sqrt 517\sqrt[N]{EQUATION} 518Produces the Nth power of EQUATION. Gives a square root if [N] is not given. 519 520lefteqn 521\lefteqn{EQUATION} 522In display math mode, presume EQUATION has zero width and print it flush left. 523Used in eqnarray environment when the left member is too long and needs 524folding. 525\begin{eqnarray} 526 \lefteqn{a_1 + a_2 + \cdots + a_n =} \\ 527 & & a_1 + b_1 + \cdots + z_1 + \\ 528 & & b_2 + c+2 + \cdost + z_2 529\end{eqnarray} 530 531center 532\begin{center} TEXT \end{center} 533Center TEXT. Each line must be separated by \\. 534<refer \centering> 535 536flushright 537\begin{flushright} TEXT \end{flushright} 538Align end of each line with right margin. Each line must be separated by \\. 539<refer \raggedright> 540 541flushleft 542\begin{flushleft} TEXT \end{flushleft} 543Align start of each line with left margin. \\ can be given to decide 544point of line break. Otherwise lines will be broken at an appropriate 545length. 546<refer \raggedleft> 547 548centering 549\centering 550Produce a centered paragraph. 551Declared at the beginning of a table/figura environment, it will center 552until the end of the environment. 553 554raggedright 555\raggedright 556Produce flush-left paragraphs. 557 558raggedleft 559\raggedleft 560Produce flush-right paragraphs. 561 562raggedbottom 563\raggedbottom 564Allow height of each page to vary. 565Declared in the preamble. 566<refer \flushbottom> 567 568flushbottom 569\flushbottom 570Make all text pages the same height. 571Declared in the preamble. 572<refer \raggedbottom> 573 574sloppy 575\sloppy 576Always breaks the line at the right-hand margin, but allows too much 577space between words. 578<refer \fussy> 579 580fussy 581\fussy 582Return to normal line breaking. 583<refer \sloppy> 584 585sloppypar 586\begin{sloppypar} PARAGRAPH \end{sloppypar} 587Produce PARAGRAPH in \sloppy. 588<refer \sloppy> 589 590verbatim 591\begin{verbatim} ... \end{verbatim} 592The verbatim environment uses the fixed-width \tt font, turns blanks into 593spaces, starts a new line for each carriage return (or sequence of 594consecutive carriage returns), and interprets EVERY character literally. 595I.e., all special characters \, {, $, etc. are \catcode'd to 'other'. 596 597verbatim* 598\begin{verbatim*} ... \end{verbatim*} 599The verbatim* environment is the same to verbatim, except that spaces 600print as the TeXbook's space character instead of as blank spaces. 601<refer verbatim> 602 603list 604\begin{list}{LABEL}{PARAMETER} ... \end{list} 605Enter list environment. Each \item will be listed with an indent. 606First argument gives the default label when \item's optional argument is 607omitted. Second argument gives parameters to be processed for each item. 608example: 609\begin{list}% 610 {$\diamond$} 611 {\addtolength{\leftmargin}{4em}} 612 \item First argument is the default label when \verb|\item|'s optional 613 argument is given. 614 \item Second argument will be processed for each item. 615 \item[*] If a optional argument is given such as this, it will be the label. 616\end{list} 617 618 Variables to control the list environment are as follow; (default value) 619horizontal: 620<refer variables to control list environment> 621 622variables to control list environment 623\labelwidth width of label 624\labelsep space between right of label and text of first item 625\leftmargin left margin within list environment 626\rightmargin right margin within list environment (0pt) 627\itemindent width of indent preceding item (0pt) 628\linewidth width of line 629\listparindent indent for each paragraph (except first paragraph with \item) 630 (0pt) 631 632vertical: 633\topsep space between last paragraph before list environment and 634 first item 635\partopsep space added to \topsep when starting a new paragraph in list 636 environment 637\itemsep space between successive items 638\parsep space between paragraphs within the same item 639 640itemize 641\begin{itemize} \item ITEM1 ... \item ITEMn \end{itemize} 642Produce a bulleted list. 643Can be nested to four levels. 644``bullets'' shown at top of each item of the four levels are controlled 645by \labelitemi, \labelitemii, \labelitemiii, \labelitemiv. 646 647Variables to control the itemize environment are; 648<refer variables to control list environment> 649 650enumerate 651\begin{enumerate} \item ITEM1 ... \item ITEMn \end{enumerate} 652Produce a numbered list. 653Can be nested to four levels. 654Numbers for items on each level are held in enumi, enumii, enumiii, enumiv. 655Each item's label are produced by \labelenumi, ..., \labelenumiv. 656\p@enumN\theenumN will set \ref's value. (N is the depth of level. 657refer \ref for value of \ref) 658For example, if declared 659\def\theenumii{\alph{enumii}} 660\def\p@enumii{\theenumi\theenumii} 661\def\labelenumii{(\theenumii)} 662\ref's value will be 3a. 663 664Variables to control enumerate environment are, 665<refer variables to control list environment> 666 667item 668\item \item[LABEL] 669Start an item in itemize, enumerate, description environment. 670Output LABEL if [LABEL] is given. 671 672description 673\begin{description} \item[LABEL] CONTENTS ... \end{description} 674Produce [LABEL] as a label. 675 676subitem 677\subitem ITEM 678Define a subitem. 679 680subsubitem 681\subsubitem ITEM 682Define a subsubitem. 683 684makebox 685\makebox[WID][POS]{OBJECT} \makebox(X,Y)[POS]{OBJECT} 686First form will place OBJECT at position POS and width WID in a \box. 687For POS, object will be placed flush-left if `l', flush-right if `r', 688splattering words in the same space if `s', and centered if nothing is given 689in the second form, object will be placed in a \hbox sized (X,Y) (in 690\unitlength) within a picture environment. POS is the same as the first form. 691 692 693 694mbox 695\mbox{OBJECT} 696Same as \makebox{OBJECT}. 697 698newsavebox 699\newsavebox{\CMD} 700Define a new box saving command. \CMD is used in a \savebox command to 701save boxes. Commands defined by \newsavebox are always global. 702 703savebox 704\savebox{\CMD}{TEXT} 705Save results of TEXT in \CMD to be boxed. 706TEXT is the same as the argument of \makebox, but the results of 707processing TEXT is not displayed in-place. Boxes processed by 708\usebox{\CMD} will be placed. 709 710sbox 711\sbox{\CMD}{TEXT} 712Same as \savebox. \sbox is robust, and \savebox is fragile. 713 714framebox 715\framebox[WID][POS]{OBJECT} \framebox(X,Y)[POS]{OBJECT} 716Do the same thing as \makebox with a frame. 717The frame's width and space between the object are decided by \framerule 718and \framesep. If used as \framebox(X,Y){OBJECT} in a picture 719environment, width of frame will be dependant to the picture 720environment's line width, and space between the object and frame can not 721be opened. 722 723fbox 724\fbox{OBJECT} 725Same as \framebox{OBJECT}. 726\fbox is robust, \framebox fragile. 727 728Rule width of \fbox can be controled by setting \fboxrule 729 730 { 731 \fboxrule=2\fboxrule 732 \fbox{contents of double width of rule} 733 } 734 735parbox 736\parbox[POS]{WIDTH}{TEXT} 737Make a box of width WIDTH using TEXT. The box's position by POS is; 738c : centering (default) 739b : bottom of box matches present text 740t : top of box matches present text 741 742In \parbox, parameters will be reset as; 743\parskip = 0pt 744\linewidth = \hsize 745\@totalleftmargin = 0pt 746\leftskip = 0pt 747\rightskip = 0pt 748\@rightskip = 0pt 749\parfillskip = 0pt plus 1fil 750\lineskip = \normallineskip 751\baselineskip = \normalbaselineskip 752 753minipage 754\begin{minipage}[pos]{WIDTH} TEXT \end{minipage} 755Make a box of width WIDTH using TEXT as \parbox. The box's position by 756POS is; 757c : centering (default) 758b : bottom of box matches present text 759t : top of box matches present text 760TEXT will be processed as a normal paragraph, differing from \parbox. 761 762rule 763\rule[RAISED]{WIDTH}{HEIGHT} 764Make a rule of WIDTH x HEIGHT. If RAISED is given, will be raised that 765amount. 766 767underline 768\underline{TEXT} 769Underline TEXT. 770 771raisebox 772\raisebox{DISTANCE}[HEIGHT][DEPTH]{BOX} 773Raise BOX by DISTANCE. 774If HEIGHT and DEPTH are given, TeX will take it as the height and depth 775of the box. 776(see TeXBook for more info) 777 778tabbing 779\begin{tabbing} \= text1.1 \= text1.2 \\ \> text2.1 \> text2.2 \end{tabbing} 780Creates an environment of aligned columns (nesting allowed). For example, 781\begin{tabbing} 782 \= ITEM1 \hspace*{2em} \= ITEM2 \hspace*{3em} \= ITEM3 \\ 783 \> aabbcc \> ddeeff \> gghhii \+ \\ 784 \> jjkkll \> mmnnoo \\ 785 \> ppqqrr \- \\ 786 \> ssttuu \> vvwwxx \> yyzzzz 787\end{tabbing} 788will be processed with three tab stops as, 789 (1st item) (2nd item) (3rd item) 790 aabbcc ddeeff gghhii 791 jjkkll mmnnoo 792 ppqqrr 793 ssttuu vvwwxx yyzzzz 794 \2em/ \3em/ 795Commands to control the tabbing environment are; (n starts from 1) 796\= Sets the nth tab stop position to the current position and increment 797 the tab counter (n) by 1. 798\\ Start a new line and reset the tab counter (n=1) 799\> Set the position to the nth tab stop and increment the tab counter by 1. 800\+ Add 1 to the next line's tab counter's initial value. If written as 801 \+ \\, the next line's \> will give the position of the second tab 802 stop. Multiple \+ will accumulate tab counter's initial value. 803 804\- Reverse of \+. Decrease initial value of tab counter for next line 805 by 1. 806\< Decrease value of tab counter by 1 and set the tab stop. Can be 807 only used at the beginning of a line. 808\' Output at a position \tabbinsep right from the normal tab stop. 809\` Output remaining text flush-right. 810\pushtabs Push all tab stop positions being used. 811\poptabs Push all tab stop positions being used. \pushtabs and \poptabs 812 must be used in pairs. Nesting allowed. 813\aX In a tabbing environment, accents are produced by \a=, \a', \a` 814\kill Without outputting text, parse tabbing definition. 815 816array 817\begin{array}{PREAMBLE} C1 & C2 & .. & Cn \\ D1 ... \end{array} 818Make a mathematical array. Useful to make matrix. 819See the help of `tabular' for detailed description. 820 821tabular 822\begin{tabular}[OPT]{PREAMBLE} C1 & C2 & .. & Cn \\ D1 ... \end{tabular} 823Make tabular. 824[[OPT]] 825[t] Align the top of tabular to the line. 826[b] Align the bottom of tabular to the line. 827[[PREAMBLE]] 828 l,r,c : indicate where entry is to be placed. 829 | : for vertical rule 830 @{EXP} : inserts the text EXP in every column. \arraycolsep or \tabcolsep 831 spacing is suppressed. 832 *{N}{PRE} : equivalent to writing N copies of PRE in the preamble. PRE 833 may contain *{N'}{EXP'} expressions. 834 p{LEN} : makes entry in parbox of width LEN. This is useful when 835 each column contains long sentences. 836 837[[Usable commands in array, tabular environment]] 838\multicolumn 839<refer multicolumn> 840\vline 841<refer vline> 842\hline 843<refer hline> 844\cline{i-j} 845<refer cline> 846\extracolsep{W} 847<refer extracolsep> 848 849 850See below as an example. 851 852\LaTeX Expression Printed image 853\begin{array}{ccr} 854 x+y+z & a_1 & 1 \\ x+y+z a1 1 855 x+z & a_2 & 21 \\ x+z a2 21 856 y & a_3 & 321 y a3 321 857\end{array} 858 859\[ \left( 860 \begin{array}{cccc} 861 a_{11} & a_{12} & \dots & a_{1n} \\ / a11 a12 ... a1n \ 862 a_{21} & a_{22} & \dots & a_{2n} \\ | a21 a22 ... a2n | 863 \vdots & \vdots & \ddots& \vdots \\ | : : \. : | 864 a_{n1} & a_{n2} & \dots & a_{nn} \ an1 an2 ..: ann / 865 \end{array} 866\right)\] 867 868\begin{tabular}{lp{0.7\textwidth} 869 \hline ---------------------------- 870 \verb|.| & Period matches with . Period matches with any 871 any single character.\\ single character. 872 \verb|*| & Asterisk matches with * Asterisk matches with 0 873 0 or more repetition or more repetition of 874 of preceding regexp. preceding regexp. 875\\ \hline ---------------------------- 876\end{tabular} 877 878(End of example) 879 880\right(, \left) or \right{, left} or \right[, \left] or \right|, \left| 881can enclose whole of array environment by parentheses, braces, brackets, 882norm respectively. The number of `\right's and `\left's should be the 883same, but the type of parentheses don't have to match like 884\right( \left]. `\right.' produces the invisible parenthesis. 885 886\[ Ans. \cdots \left\{ / 887 \begin{array}{ccc} | x = 5 888 x & = & 5 \\ Ans. ...< 889 y & = & 3 | y = 3 890 \end{array} \right. \] \ 891 892Here are the style parameters for the tabular environment. 893\arraycolsep : half the width separating columns in an array environment 894\tabcolsep : half the width separating columns in a tabular environment 895\arrayrulewidth : width of rules 896\doublerulesep : space between adjacent rules in array or tabular 897\arraystretch : line spacing in array and tabular environments is done by 898 placing a strut in every row of height and depth 899 \arraystretch times the height and depth of the strut 900 produced by an ordinary \strut command. 901 902Tabular environment cannot spread across pages. `supertabular.sty' 903allows this. 904 905tabular* 906\begin{tabular*}{WIDTH}{PREAMBLE} ... \end{tabular*} 907Make tabular environment with specifying its width. 908To fill this width, use \extracolsep{} of preamble as below: 909\begin{tabular*}{10em}[b]{|c@{\extracolsep{\fill}}|c|c|} 910 \hline 911 a & b & c \\ \hline 912 1 & 2 & 3 913\end{tabular*} 914See also tabular. 915 916multicolumn 917\multicolumn{N}{FORMAT}{ITEM} 918In tabular environment, 919replaces the next N column items by 920ITEM, formatted according to FORMAT. FORMAT should contain at most 921one l,r or c. If it contains none, then ITEM is ignored. 922 923vline 924\vline 925In tabular environment, 926draws a vertical line the height of the current row. May 927appear in an array element entry. 928 929 930hline 931\hline 932In tabular environment draws a horizontal line between rows. Must 933appear either before the first entry (to appear above the first row) or 934right after a \\ command. If followed by another \hline, then adds a 935\vskip of \doublerulesep. 936 937cline 938\cline{i-j} 939In tabular environment, 940draws horizontal lines between rows covering columns 941i through j, inclusive. Multiple commands may follow 942one another to provide lines covering several disjoint 943columns 944 945extracolsep 946\extracolsep{W} 947for use inside an @ in the preamble. Causes a WIDTH 948space to be added between columns for the rest of the 949columns. This is in addition to the ordinary intercolumn 950space. 951 952picture 953\begin{picture}(WIDTH,HEIGHT)(X,Y) ..contents.. \end{picture} 954The picture environment allows you to create just about any kind of 955picture you want containing text, lines, arrows and circles. You tell 956LaTeX where to put things in the picture by specifying their 957coordinates. A coordinate is a number that may have a decimal point 958and a minus sign - a number like 5, 2.3 or -3.1416. A coordinate 959specifies a length in multiples of the unit length \unitlength, so if 960\unitlength has been set to 1cm, then the coordinate 2.54 specifies a 961length of 2.54 centimeters. You can change the value of \unitlength 962anywhere you want, using the \setlength command, but strange things 963will happen if you try changing it inside the picture environment. 964 965A position is a pair of coordinates, such as (2.4,-5), specifying the 966point with x-coordinate 2.4 and y-coordinate -5. Coordinates are 967specified in the usual way with respect to an origin, which is 968normally at the lower-left corner of the picture. Note that when a 969position appears as an argument, it is not enclosed in braces; the 970parentheses serve to delimit the argument. 971 972The picture environment has one mandatory argument, which is a 973position. It specifies the size of the picture. The environment 974produces a rectangular box with width and height determined by this 975argument's x- and y-coordinates. 976 977The picture environment also has an optional position argument, 978following the size argument, that can change the origin. (Unlike 979ordinary optional arguments, this argument is not contained in square 980brackets.) The optional argument gives the coordinates of the point at 981the lower-left corner of the picture (thereby determining the origin). 982For example, if \unitlength has been set to 1mm, the command 983 984\begin{picture}(100,200)(10,20) 985 986produces a picture of width 100 millimeters and height 200 987millimeters, whose lower-left corner is the point (10,20) and whose 988upper-right corner is therefore the point (110,220). When you first 989draw a picture, you will omit the optional argument, leaving the 990origin at the lower-left corner. If you then want to modify your 991picture by shifting everything, you just add the appropriate optional 992argument. 993 994The environment's mandatory argument determines the nominal size of 995the picture. This need bear no relation to how large the picture 996really is; LaTeX will happily allow you to put things outside the 997picture, or even off the page. The picture's nominal size is used by 998TeX in determining how much room to leave for it. 999 1000Everything that appears in a picture is drawn by the \put command. The 1001command 1002 1003\put (11.3,-.3){...} 1004 1005puts the object specified by "..." in the picture, with its reference 1006point at coordinates (11.3,-.3). The reference points for various 1007objects will be described below. 1008 1009The \put command creates an LR box. You can put anything in the text 1010argument of the \put command that you'd put into the argument of an 1011\mbox and related commands. When you do this, the reference point 1012will be the lower left corner of the box. 1013 1014Picture environment is obsolete I thinks, so show only commands. 1015 1016[[COMMANDS]] 1017\put(X,Y){OBJECT} 1018\multiput(X,Y)(dX,dY){REPEAT}{OBJECT} 1019[[OBJECTS]] 1020\makebox(X,Y)[POS]{TEXT} 1021\framebox(X,Y)[POS]{TEXT} 1022\dashbox(X,Y)[POS]{TEXT} 1023(POS = l, r, b, t) 1024\line(dX,dY){HorizontalLength} 1025\vector(dX,dY){HorizontalLength} (arrow) 1026(dX,dY = +-1, +-2, ..., +-6) 1027\shortstack[POS]{FIRST\\SECOND\\THIRD...} 1028\circle{DIAMETER} 1029\circle*{DIAMETER} (Filled circle) 1030(Maximum diameters are 40pt, 15pt) 1031\oval(Dia-X,DiaY)[POS] (Oval POS = l, r, t, b) 1032\frame{OBJECT} 1033\thinlines, \thicklines (choose line thickness) 1034\linethickness{THICKNESS} 1035 1036newtheorem 1037\newtheorem{NAME}{TEXT}[COUNTER] \newtheorem{NAME}[OLDNAME]{TEXT} 1038This defines the environment NAME to be just as one would expect a 1039theorem environment to be, except that it prints ``TEXT'' instead of 1040``Theorem''. 1041 1042If OLDNAME is given, then environments NAME and OLDNAME use the same 1043counter, so using a NAME environment advances the number of the next 1044NAME environment, and vice-versa. 1045 1046If COUNTER is given, then environment NAME is numbered within COUNTER. 1047E.g., if COUNTER = subsection, then the first NAME in subsection 7.2 1048is numbered TEXT 7.2.1. 1049 1050The way NAME environments are numbered can be changed by redefining 1051\theNAME. 1052 1053title 1054\title{TITLE} 1055Define the title of the document. 1056 1057author 1058\author{AUTHOR} 1059Declare the author of the document. 1060 1061date 1062\date{DATE} 1063Define the date of document which is used by \maketitle. 1064Omitting DATE produces current date. 1065 1066thanks 1067\thanks{FOOTNOTE} 1068Output a footnote in title page. 1069 1070maketitle 1071\maketitle 1072Output a title. Should be written in document environment. 1073Here are the constituents of title page. 1074\title{TITLE} 1075\author{AUTHOR} 1076\date{DATE} (If DATE omitted, output the date of typesetting) 1077\thanks{NOTE} (Output a thanks message or the post of the author) 1078 1079part 1080\part{TITLE} 1081Start a new part whose title is TITLE. 1082<refer chapter> 1083 1084chapter 1085\chapter{TITLE} 1086Start a chapter whose title is TITLE. 1087Sectioning commands: 1088\part Part ? 1089\chapter Chapter ? (not available in `article.sty') 1090\section ? 1091\subsection ?.? 1092\subsubsection ?.?.? 1093\paragraph *** 1094\subparagraph === 1095 1096section 1097\section{TITLE} 1098Start a section whose title is TITLE. 1099<refer chapter> 1100 1101subsection 1102\subsection{TITLE} 1103Start a subsection whose title is TITLE. 1104<refer chapter> 1105 1106subsubsection 1107\subsubsection{TITLE} 1108Start a paragraph whose title is TITLE. 1109<refer chapter> 1110 1111paragraph 1112\paragraph{TITLE} 1113Start a paragraph whose title is TITLE. 1114<refer chapter 1115 1116subparagraph 1117\subparagraph{TITLE} 1118Start a subparagraph whose title is TITLE. 1119<refer chapter> 1120 1121appendix 1122\appendix 1123Declare the beginning of appendix. 1124Change the numbering fashion to appendix oriented. 1125 1126contentsline 1127\contentsline{TYPE}{ENTRY}{PAGE} 1128\contentsline{subsection}{\makebox{30pt}[r]{1.4.3} Gnats and Gnus}{22} 1129Macro to produce a TYPE entry in a table of contents, etc. 1130It will appear in the .TOC or other file. For example, 1131The entry for subsection 1.4.3 in the table of contents might 1132be produced by: 1133\contentsline{subsection}{\makebox{30pt}[r]{1.4.3} Gnats and Gnus}{22} 1134The \protect command causes command sequences to be written 1135without expanding them. 1136 1137addcontentsline 1138\addcontentsline{TABLE}{TYPE}{ENTRY} 1139User command for adding his own entry to a table of contents, etc. 1140It adds the entry 1141 \contentsline{TYPE}{ENTRY}{page} 1142to the .TABLE file. 1143 1144addtocontents 1145\addtocontents{TABLE}{TEXT} 1146Adds TEXT to the .TABLE file, with no page number. 1147 1148index 1149\index{INDEX} 1150Create an entry of index. 1151 1152 1153glossary 1154\glossary{STRING} 1155Create an entry of glossary. 1156 1157makeindex 1158\makeindex 1159Writes \indexentry to .idx file. 1160Should be in preamble. 1161 1162makeglossary 1163\makeglossary 1164Writes \glossaryentry to .glo file. 1165Should be in preamble. 1166 1167bibliography 1168\bibliography{FILE1,FILE2, ... ,FILEn} 1169Specifies the bibdata files. 1170 1171bibliographystyle 1172\bibliographystyle{STYLE} 1173Style of numbering of bibliographies. 1174plain normal 1175unsrt without sorting 1176alpha gives tag like "Foo94" 1177abbrv omit the first name of author, publishing month, book title 1178 1179thebibliography 1180\begin{thebibliography}{LONGEST-LABEL} \bibitem{ITEM},... \end{thebibliography} 1181The thebibliography environment is a list environment. To save the 1182use of an extra counter, it should use enumiv as the item counter. 1183Instead of using \item, items in the bibliography are produced by the 1184\bibitem command. 1185LONGEST-LABEL is a dummy string to notify the maximum width of label. 1186--- 1187<refer bibitem> 1188 1189bibitem 1190\bibitem{NAME} \bibitem[LABEL]{NAME} 1191Produces a numbered (as [1], [2],...) entry cited as NAME. 1192Second form produces an entry labeled by LABEL and cited as NAME. 1193 1194thefootnote 1195In usual LaTeX style, produces the footnote number. 1196If footnotes are to be numbered within pages, then the 1197document style file must include an \@addtoreset command 1198to cause the footnote counter to be reset when the page 1199counter is stepped. This is not a good idea, though, 1200because the counter will not always be reset in time 1201to ensure that the first footnote on a page is footnote 1202number one. 1203 1204footnote 1205\footnote{NOTE} or \footnote[NUM]{NOTE} 1206User command to insert a footnote. 1207In second form, insert a footnote numbered 1208NUM, where NUM is a number -- 1, 2, 1209etc. For example, if footnotes are numbered 1210*, **, etc. within pages, then \footnote[2]{...} 1211produces footnote '**'. This command does not 1212step the footnote counter. 1213 1214If you want footnote number as marks, define as follows in preamble; 1215\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{footnote}} 1216 1217The next definition produces dagger marks followed by sequential number. 1218\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{$\dagger$\arabic{footnote}} 1219(fragile) 1220 1221footnotemark 1222\footnotemark[NUM] 1223Command to produce just the footnote mark in 1224the text, but no footnote. With no argument, 1225it steps the footnote counter before generating 1226the mark. 1227 1228footnotetext 1229\footnotetext[NUM]{TEXT} 1230Command to produce the footnote but no mark. 1231\footnote is equivalent to \footnotemark \footnotetext . 1232 1233footnotesize 1234{\footnotesize ...} 1235Size-changing command for footnotes. 1236 1237footnotesep 1238\footnotesep 1239The height of a strut placed at the beginning of every footnote. 1240 1241footnoterule 1242\footnoterule 1243Macro to draw the rule separating footnotes from text. 1244It is executed right after a \vspace of \skip\footins. 1245It should take zero vertical space--i.e., it should to 1246a negative skip to compensate for any positive space 1247it occupies. (See PLAIN.TEX.) 1248 1249documentstyle 1250\documentstyle[OPTION1,OPTION2, ... ,OPTIONn]{STYLE} 1251The user starts one's file with the command as above 1252which loads the OPTION's respectively and \input's the file STYLE.sty. 1253 1254documentclass 1255\documentclass[OPTION1,OPTION2, ... ,OPTIONn]{STYLE} 1256In LaTeX2e, user starts one's file with the command as above 1257which loads the OPTION's respectively and \input's the file STYLE.cls. 1258 1259usepackage 1260\usepackage[OPTIONS]{PACKAGE} 1261Use additional package `PACKAGE' with option `OPTION'. 1262 1263verb 1264\verb#CONTENTS# 1265The command \verb produces in-line verbatim text, where the argument 1266is delimited by any pair of characters. E.g., \verb #...# takes 1267'...' as its argument, and sets it verbatim in \tt font. 1268 1269The *-variants of these commands is the same, except that spaces 1270print as the TeXbook's space character instead of as blank spaces. 1271 1272styleparameter 1273 1274topfigrule 1275\topfigrule 1276Command to place rule (or whatever) between floats 1277at top of page and text. Executed in inner vertical 1278mode right before the \textfloatsep skip separating 1279the floats from the text. Must occupy zero vertical 1280space. (See \footnoterule.) 1281 1282botfigrule 1283\setlength{\botfigrule}{LENGTH} 1284Same as \topfigrule, but put after the \textfloatsep 1285skip separating text from the floats at bottom of page. 1286 1287intextsep 1288\setlength{\intextsep}{LENGTH} 1289Space left on top and bottom of an in-text float. 1290 1291newpage 1292\newpage 1293Advance to a new page. 1294\clearpage Output the unfinished table of images, if any, 1295 and clear page. 1296\cleardoublepage Same as \clearpage except that when spread style 1297 (such as book), start a new page with odd page. 1298\newpage Finish current column when twocolumn. 1299 1300clearpage 1301\clearpage 1302<refer newpage> 1303 1304cleardoublepage 1305\cleardoublepage 1306<refer newpage> 1307 1308length 1309 1310Here are the available units of length in TeX. 1311cm centi meter 1312em width of `M' 1313ex height of `x' 1314in inch (=2.54cm) 1315mm mi.li meter 1316pc pica(=12pt) 1317pt point (72.27pt=1 inch) 1318\fill Freely extendable length whose normal length is 0 1319\stretch{X} X-times as long as \fill 1320 1321stretch 1322\stretch{X} 1323<refer length> 1324 1325twocolumn 1326\twocolumn[STRING] 1327Clear page and start two-column typesetting. 1328Optional argument [STRING] specifies the page-acrossing title. 1329 1330If you want to output one-column title page with two-column body, 1331describe like this; 1332\twocolumn[ 1333\begin{titlepage} 1334{\LARGE YourTitle} 1335\vspace*{1em} 1336\begin{abstract} Your Abstract blah blah... \end{abstract} 1337\end{titlepage} 1338] 1339 1340->onecolumn 1341 1342onecolumn 1343\onecolumn 1344Clear page and start one-column typesetting. 1345->twocolumn 1346 1347topnewpage 1348\topnewpage{BOX} 1349Begin a new page and create the parbox-ed BOX whose width is \textwidth. 1350This is useful to make a page-acrossing title in a twocolumn page. 1351 1352breakbox 1353\begin{breakbox} ... \end{breakbox} 1354Make a surrounding frame extended across pages. 1355Useful for cite a long program list. 1356Requires `\usepackage{eclbkbox}' 1357 1358verbfile 1359\verbfile{FILE} 1360Include a FILE in verbatim format. 1361Requires `\usepackage{misc}' 1362See also \listing 1363 1364listing 1365\listing{FILE} 1366Include a FILE in verbatim format with line number. 1367Requires `\usepackage{misc}' 1368See also \verbfile 1369 1370ascmac 1371\usepackage{ascmac} 1372The `ascmac' package provides 1373* \boxnote environment notebook-like box 1374* \screen environment corner-rounded box suitable for screen output 1375* \itembox environment itemizing box 1376* \shadebox environment shaded box 1377* \keytop macro keytop 1378* \yen Yen mark 1379* \return-key 1380* \mask, \maskbox 1381 1382boxnote 1383\begin{boxnote} ... \end{boxnote} 1384Enclose with notebook-like square. 1385Defined in ascmac.sty. 1386 1387<refer ascmac> 1388 1389screen 1390\begin{screen} ... \end{screen} 1391Enclose with corner-rounded square which stands for screen output. 1392Requires `\usepackage{ascmac}' 1393 1394<refere ascmac> 1395 1396itembox 1397\begin{itembox}{ITEMSTRING} ... \end{itembox} 1398Enclose box with ITEMSTRING header. 1399Requires `\usepackage{ascmac}' 1400<refere ascmac> 1401 1402shadebox 1403\begin{shadebox} ... \end{shadebox} 1404Enclose shaded box. 1405Requires `\usepackage{ascmac}' 1406<refere ascmac> 1407 1408keytop 1409\keytop{KEY} 1410Output a keytop designed character. 1411Requires `\usepackage{ascmac}' 1412<refere ascmac> 1413 1414mask 1415\mask{STRING}{MASKTYPE} 1416Make a masked STRING. MASKTYPE is one of character A through K. 1417 1418eg.) \mask{This is a pen!}{C} 1419 1420Mask types are viewed at 1421http://www.yatex.org/help/ascmac-mask.jpg 1422 1423Defined in `\usepackage{ascmac}' 1424 1425<refere ascmac> 1426 1427maskbox 1428\maskbox{WIDTH}{HEIGHT}{MASKTYPE}{POS}{STRING} 1429Make a masked box of WIDTH x HEIGHT which contains STRING located in POS. 1430Masking type MASKTYPE is one of character A through K. 1431 1432eg.) \maskbox{5cm}{2.5em}{G}{c}{Year!} 1433 1434Mask types are viewed at 1435http://www.yatex.org/help/ascmac-mask.jpg 1436 1437Requires `\usepackage{ascmac}' 1438<refere ascmac> 1439 1440alltt 1441\begin{alltt} ... \end{alltt} 1442An environment like verbatim except in which TeX macro can be used. 1443 1444comment 1445\begin{comment} ... \end{comment} 1446Comment out enclosed environment. 1447But if \includeversion{comment} appears, enclosed part activated. 1448Putting \excludeversion{ENV} defines new environment ENV which 1449works equivalently to comment environment. 1450 1451Requires `\usepackage{version}' 1452 1453bou 1454\bou{STRING} 1455Put the emphasizing dot on each characters in STRING. 1456 1457Requires `\usepackage{plext}' 1458 1459url 1460\url{URL_STRING} 1461Put URL string with reasonable folding. 1462 1463Requires `\usepackage{url}' 1464 1465longtable 1466\begin{longtable}{POSSTRING} ... \end{longtable} 1467Same as table, but can be spreaded across pages. 1468 1469Requires `\usepackage{longtable}' 1470 1471fancybox 1472\usepackage{fancybox} 1473Provides some fancy boxes. 1474* \shadowbox{} 1475* \ovalbox{} 1476* \doublebox{} 1477 1478shadowbox 1479\shadowbox{STRING} 1480Surround a STRING by shadow box. 1481 1482Require `\usepackage{fancybox}` 1483 1484<ref fancybox> 1485 1486ovalbox 1487\ovalbox{STRING} 1488Surround a STRING by oval box 1489 1490Require `\usepackage{fancybox}` 1491 1492<ref fancybox> 1493 1494Ovalbox 1495\Ovalbox{STRING} 1496Surround a STRING by thick oval box. 1497 1498Require `\usepackage{fancybox}` 1499 1500<ref fancybox> 1501 1502doublebox 1503\doublebox{STRING} 1504Surround a STRING by double frame. 1505 1506Require `\usepackage{fancybox}` 1507 1508<ref fancybox> 1509 1510quote 1511\begin{quote} ... \end{quote} 1512quotation without paragraph 1513 1514quotation 1515\begin{quotation} ... \end{quotation} 1516quoted environment which might contains paragraphs 1517 1518textcircled 1519\textcircled{CHAR} 1520Enclose `char' with small circle. Because this circle is as large as one 1521character, you had better encolose `CHAR' with {\small ...}, {\tiny ...}, 1522{\scriptsize ...}. 1523 1524hfill 1525\hfill 1526Insert a space as wide as possible. Same as \hspace{\fill}. 1527 1528foo\hfill bar 1529produces; 1530 foo bar 1531 1532foo\hfill bar\hfill baz 1533produces; 1534 foo bar baz 1535 1536\hfill can't produce space at the beginning of the line because \hfill 1537is a kind of \hspace{}. If you make right-justified world in a line, 1538write \hspace*{\fill}. 1539 1540hfil 1541\hfil 1542Same as \hfill, but little bit weak. 1543 1544vfill 1545\vfill 1546Make vertical space in utmost length , the same as \vspace{\fill}. 1547cf. \hfill 1548 1549hrulefill 1550\hrulefill 1551Draw underline in utmost length. 1552 1553backslashbox 1554\usepackage{slashbox} \backslashbox{A}{B} 1555Draw a back-slash in a column of tabular. 1556\begin{tabular} 1557\hline 1558\backslashbox{A}{B} & hoge \\ \hline 1559\end{tabular} 1560 1561 +----+--------+ 1562 | \ B| | 1563 | A\ | hoge | 1564 +----+--------+ 1565 1566 1567slashbox 1568\slashbox{A}{B} 1569Draw long slash line in a column of tabular. 1570See also backslashbox. 1571 1572ooalign 1573{\ooalign{String1\crcr String2...} 1574Set line spacing to zero and shift to double-strike mode. 1575This can be used for generating circled character. 1576Look this; 1577 1578\newcommand{\maru}[1]{{\ooalign {\hfill$\scriptstyle#1$\hfill\crcr$\bigcirc$}}} 1579 1580\crcr is the equivalent of \\ for tabulars. 1581Note that \ooalign change the spacing parameters. So you should enclose 1582\ooalign itself with { }. 1583 1584maru 1585\maru{R} 1586Circle one character. 1587Declare the \newcommand as below; 1588\newcommand{\maru}[1]{{\ooalign {\hfill$\scriptstyle#1$\hfill\crcr$\bigcirc$}}} 1589 1590today 1591\date{\today} 1592Use this as the argument of \date{}. 1593Set the document's date in title to today. 1594 1595NamedColor 1596\textcolor[named]{COLOR}{TEXT}, for example. 1597With `\usepackage{color}', you can use colors listed below. 1598 1599GreenYellow Yellow Goldenrod Dandelion Apricot Peach Melon YellowOrange 1600Orange BurntOrange Bittersweet RedOrange Mahogany Maroon BrickRed Red 1601OrangeRed RubineRed WildStrawberry Salmon CarnationPink Magenta 1602VioletRed Rhodamine Mulberry RedViolet Fuchsia Lavender Thistle 1603OrchidDarkOrchid Purple Plum Violet RoyalPurple BlueViolet Periwinkle 1604CadetBlue CornflowerBlue MidnightBlue NavyBlue RoyalBlue Blue Cerulean 1605Cyan ProcessBlue SkyBlue Turquoise TealBlue Aquamarine BlueGreen Emerald 1606JungleGreen SeaGreen Green ForestGreen PineGreen LimeGreen YellowGreen 1607SpringGreen OliveGreen RawSienna Sepia Brown Tan Gray Black White) 1608 1609See also http://www.yatex.org/help/color.tex 1610 1611textcolor 1612\textcolor{COLOR}{TEXT} 1613Put the TEXT colored with COLOR. 1614 1615<refer NamedColor> 1616 1617pagecolor 1618\pagecolor{COLOR} 1619Set background color of the page to COLOR. 1620 1621<refer NamedColor> 1622 1623color 1624\color{COLOR} 1625Set text color of the page to COLOR. 1626 1627<refer NamedColor> 1628 1629colorbox 1630\colorbox{COLOR}{TEXT} 1631Put TEXT in the box whose background color is COLRO. 1632 1633<refer NamedColor> 1634 1635fcolorbox 1636\fcolorbox{FCOLOR}{BGCOLOR}{TEXT} 1637Put text int the box whose frame color is FCOLOR and background BGCOLOR. 1638 1639<refer NamedColor> 1640 1641rotatebox 1642\rotatebox{ANGLE}{TEXT} 1643Put TEXT with rotated by ANGLE-degrees, unclockwise. 1644Require `\usepackage{graphicx}'. 1645 1646resizebox 1647\resizebox{WIDTH}{HEIGHT}{TEXT} 1648Put TEXT enlarging/shrinking to WIDTH and HEIGHT. 1649You can omit either of WIDHT or HEIGHT. In that case, specify `!'. 1650\resizebox{!}{40mm}{TEXT} outputs TEXT with 40mm in height. 1651Require `\usepackage{graphicx}'. 1652 1653scalebox 1654\scalebox{MAG}[V-MAG]{TEXT} 1655Put TEXT maginifiyng by MAG. V-MAG for vertical magnification factor is 1656optional. Negative values for magnification factor flip the TEXT 1657in that direction. 1658 1659Require `\usepackage{graphicx}'. 1660 1661reflectbox 1662\reflectbox{TEXT} 1663Flip TEXT horizontally. 1664Equivalent to \scalebox{-1}[1]{TEXT}. 1665Require `\usepackage{graphicx}'. 1666 1667ulem 1668\usepackage{ulem} 1669\usepackage{ulem} 1670The `ulem' package provides macros listed below. 1671\uline{Underlined Text} 1672\uwave{Waved-Unlderlined Text} 1673\uuline{Double Underlined Text} 1674 1675(Information by TSUCHIYA Masatoshi <tsuchiya@pine.kuee.kyoto-u.ac.jp>) 1676uline 1677\uline{TEXT} 1678Put TEXT with underline. 1679 1680<refer ulem> 1681 1682uwave 1683\uwave{TEXT} 1684Put TEXT with waved underline. 1685 1686<refer ulem> 1687 1688uuline 1689\uuline{TEXT} 1690Put TEXT with double underline. 1691 1692<refer ulem> 1693showkeys.sty 1694\usepackage[options]{showkeys} 1695In margin area, output `(?)' marks for unlabeled math-expressions, 1696`?label?' marks for unreferred labels. 1697Optional arguments are one of; 1698showrefs, norefs, showcites, nocites, msgs, nomsgs, chkunlbld, 1699ignoreunlbld. 1700msgs/nomsgs specifies whether output messages in *.log file or not. 1701 1702`\usepackage{showkeys}' should be located before the declaration 1703for AMS-LaTeX or HyperRef, if any. 1704 1705Another style `refcheck.sty' can also output labeling information 1706including `\ref{***}' macros themselves. 1707 1708(Information by Masaki Shigemori <mshige@ucla.edu>) 1709 1710table* 1711\begin{table*} ... \end{table*} 1712Put tabular in one column at the top of page even if in twocolumn mode. 1713 1714figure* 1715\begin{figure*} ... \end{figure*} 1716Put figure in one column at the top of page even if in twocolumn mode. 1717If you put figure bottom of page instead of top, use nidanfloat.sty 1718instead. 1719\begin{figure*}[b] 1720 \includegraphics{blahblahblah} 1721 \caption{foo bar baz} 1722\end{figure*} 1723 1724includegraphics 1725\usepackage[DRIVER]{graphicx} ... \includegraphics[Options]{graphicfile.eps} 1726Include graphics$B!#(BRequires `graphicx' package. 1727Typical [DRIVER] is [dvipdfmx]. 1728Possible [Options] are as follows. 1729scale=X 1730width=W 1731height=H 1732draft (Frame only) 1733angle=R 1734origin=RotationOrigin (One of `c', `tl', `tr', `bl' or `br') 1735bb=llx lly urx ury (Specify BoundingBox) 1736viewport=llx lly urx ury (Rerative to BoundingBox) 1737trim=left bottom right top 1738 1739[Example] 1740% Preamble 1741\usepackage[dvipdfmx]{graphicx} 1742% document body 1743\begin{figure}[h]\centering 1744 \includegraphics[width=0.4\columnwidth,bb=0 0 400 300]{foo.jpg} 1745 \caption{foo image}\label{foo-fig} 1746\end{figure} 1747Figure \ref{foo-fig} says that foo is foo. 1748% YaTeX automatically inserts `bb=' line when you input \includegraphics{} 1749% with completion. 1750 1751wrapfigure 1752\begin{wrapfigure}[LINES]{POS}[OVH]{WIDTH} ...Images... \end{wrapfigure} 1753LINES(Optional) Number of narrow lines 1754POS One of `r l i o' (Right, Left, Inside, Outside) 1755 R L I O for float 1756OVH(Optional) Overhangs for margin 1757WIDTH Width of figure 1758 1759[Example] 1760% Preamble 1761\usepackage{wrapfig} 1762% body of document 1763\begin{wrapfigure}{r}{4cm} 1764 \includegraphics[width=3cm,bb=0 0 640 480,clip]{foo.jpg} 1765 \caption{foo image}\label{foo-jpg} 1766\end{wrapfigure} 1767 1768 1769abstract 1770\begin{abstract} ... \end{abstract} 1771Output abstract 1772 1773\langle 1774$\langle$ 1775 1776`<' in math-modes. 1777 1778\langle 1779$rlangle$ 1780 1781`>' in math-modes. 1782 1783\slash 1784\slash 1785slash(/) itself. 1786 1787\textbackslash 1788\textbackslash 1789backslash(\) itself. 1790 1791geometry 1792\geometry{params...} or \usepackage[params...]{geometry} 1793From: geometry-samples.tex 1794See below as examples: 1795 1796\geometry{centering} 1797\geometry{width=10cm,vscale=.7} 1798\geometry{margin=1cm, papersize={12cm,19cm}, resetpaper} 1799\geometry{margin=1cm,includeheadfoot} 1800\geometry{margin=1cm,includeheadfoot,includemp} 1801\geometry{margin=1cm,bindingoffset=1cm,twoside} 1802\geometry{hmarginratio=2:1, vmargin=2cm} 1803\geometry{hscale=0.5,twoside} 1804\geometry{hscale=0.5,asymmetric} 1805\geometry{hscale=0.5,heightrounded} 1806\geometry{left=1cm,right=4cm,top=2cm,includefoot} 1807\geometry{lines=20,left=2cm,right=6cm,top=2cm,twoside} 1808\geometry{width=15cm, marginparwidth=3cm, includemp} 1809\geometry{hdivide={1cm,,2cm}, vdivide={3cm,8in,}, nohead} 1810\geometry{headsep=20pt, head=40pt,foot=20pt,includeheadfoot} 1811\geometry{text={6in,8in}, top=2cm, left=2cm} 1812\geometry{centering,includemp,twoside,landscape} 1813\geometry{mag=1414,margin=2cm} 1814\geometry{mag=1414,margin=2truecm,truedimen} 1815\geometry{a5paper, landscape, twocolumn, twoside, 1816 left=2cm, hmarginratio=2:1, includemp, marginparwidth=43pt, 1817 bottom=1cm, foot=.7cm, includefoot, textheight=11cm, heightrounded, 1818 columnsep=1cm,verbose} 1819 1820 1821YaTeX 1822(setq auto-mode-alist (cons '("\\.tex$" . yatex-mode) auto-mode-alist)) 1823The mode you are probably using now. 1824Bells and whistles for using LaTeX at a breeze. 1825 1826[pronunciation] 1827``ya-tek'' for programs as yatex.el, ``ya-cho'' when referring to the 1828whole system. ``ya-cho'' in Japanese stands for ``wild bird'' 1829 1830 1831yatex 1832(setq auto-mode-alist (cons '("\\.tex$" . yatex-mode) auto-mode-alist)) 1833<refer YaTeX> 1834 1835