1%---------The file header--------------------------------------------- 2 3%% \usepackage[english]{babel} %language selection 4%% \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} 5 6%%\pagenumbering{arabic} 7 8%% \usepackage{hyperref} 9%% \hypersetup{colorlinks, 10%% citecolor=black, 11%% filecolor=black, 12%% linkcolor=black, 13%% urlcolor=black, 14%% pdftex} 15 16 17%--------------------------------------------------------------------- 18\chapter{GNU Free Documentation License} 19\index[general]{GNU ree Documentation License} 20\index[general]{License!GNU ree Documentation} 21\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{GNU ree Documentation License} 22 23%\label{label_fdl} 24 25 \begin{center} 26 27 Version 1.2, November 2002 28 29 30 Copyright \copyright 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 31 32 \bigskip 33 34 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA 35 36 \bigskip 37 38 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 39 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 40\end{center} 41 42 43\begin{center} 44{\bf\large Preamble} 45\end{center} 46 47The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other 48functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to 49assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, 50with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. 51Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way 52to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible 53for modifications made by others. 54 55This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative 56works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It 57complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft 58license designed for free software. 59 60We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free 61software, because free software needs free documentation: a free 62program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the 63software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; 64it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or 65whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License 66principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. 67 68 69\begin{center} 70{\Large\bf 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS} 71\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS} 72\end{center} 73 74This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that 75contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be 76distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a 77world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that 78work under the conditions stated herein. The \textbf{"Document"}, below, 79refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a 80licensee, and is addressed as \textbf{"you"}. You accept the license if you 81copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission 82under copyright law. 83 84A \textbf{"Modified Version"} of the Document means any work containing the 85Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with 86modifications and/or translated into another language. 87 88A \textbf{"Secondary Section"} is a named appendix or a front-matter section of 89the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the 90publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject 91(or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly 92within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a 93textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any 94mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical 95connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, 96commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding 97them. 98 99The \textbf{"Invariant Sections"} are certain Secondary Sections whose titles 100are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice 101that says that the Document is released under this License. If a 102section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not 103allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero 104Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant 105Sections then there are none. 106 107The \textbf{"Cover Texts"} are certain short passages of text that are listed, 108as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that 109the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may 110be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. 111 112A \textbf{"Transparent"} copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, 113represented in a format whose specification is available to the 114general public, that is suitable for revising the document 115straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of 116pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available 117drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or 118for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input 119to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file 120format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart 121or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. 122An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount 123of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called \textbf{"Opaque"}. 124 125Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain 126ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML 127or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple 128HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of 129transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats 130include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by 131proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or 132processing tools are not generally available, and the 133machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word 134processors for output purposes only. 135 136The \textbf{"Title Page"} means, for a printed book, the title page itself, 137plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material 138this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in 139formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means 140the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, 141preceding the beginning of the body of the text. 142 143A section \textbf{"Entitled XYZ"} means a named subunit of the Document whose 144title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following 145text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a 146specific section name mentioned below, such as \textbf{"Acknowledgements"}, 147\textbf{"Dedications"}, \textbf{"Endorsements"}, or \textbf{"History"}.) 148To \textbf{"Preserve the Title"} 149of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a 150section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition. 151 152The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which 153states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty 154Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this 155License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other 156implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has 157no effect on the meaning of this License. 158 159 160\begin{center} 161{\Large\bf 2. VERBATIM COPYING} 162\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{2. VERBATIM COPYING} 163\end{center} 164 165You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either 166commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the 167copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies 168to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other 169conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use 170technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further 171copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept 172compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough 173number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. 174 175You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and 176you may publicly display copies. 177 178 179\begin{center} 180{\Large\bf 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY} 181\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{3. COPYING IN QUANTITY} 182\end{center} 183 184 185If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have 186printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the 187Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the 188copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover 189Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on 190the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify 191you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present 192the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and 193visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. 194Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve 195the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated 196as verbatim copying in other respects. 197 198If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit 199legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit 200reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent 201pages. 202 203If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering 204more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent 205copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy 206a computer-network location from which the general network-using 207public has access to download using public-standard network protocols 208a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. 209If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, 210when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure 211that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated 212location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an 213Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that 214edition to the public. 215 216It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the 217Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give 218them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. 219 220 221\begin{center} 222{\Large\bf 4. MODIFICATIONS} 223\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{4. MODIFICATIONS} 224\end{center} 225 226You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under 227the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release 228the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified 229Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution 230and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy 231of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: 232 233\begin{itemize} 234\item[A.] 235 Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct 236 from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions 237 (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section 238 of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version 239 if the original publisher of that version gives permission. 240 241\item[B.] 242 List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities 243 responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified 244 Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the 245 Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), 246 unless they release you from this requirement. 247 248\item[C.] 249 State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the 250 Modified Version, as the publisher. 251 252\item[D.] 253 Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. 254 255\item[E.] 256 Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications 257 adjacent to the other copyright notices. 258 259\item[F.] 260 Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice 261 giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the 262 terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. 263 264\item[G.] 265 Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections 266 and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. 267 268\item[H.] 269 Include an unaltered copy of this License. 270 271\item[I.] 272 Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add 273 to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and 274 publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If 275 there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one 276 stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as 277 given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified 278 Version as stated in the previous sentence. 279 280\item[J.] 281 Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for 282 public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise 283 the network locations given in the Document for previous versions 284 it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. 285 You may omit a network location for a work that was published at 286 least four years before the Document itself, or if the original 287 publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. 288 289\item[K.] 290 For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", 291 Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all 292 the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements 293 and/or dedications given therein. 294 295\item[L.] 296 Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, 297 unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers 298 or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. 299 300\item[M.] 301 Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section 302 may not be included in the Modified Version. 303 304\item[N.] 305 Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" 306 or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. 307 308\item[O.] 309 Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. 310\end{itemize} 311 312If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or 313appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material 314copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all 315of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the 316list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. 317These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. 318 319You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains 320nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various 321parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has 322been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a 323standard. 324 325You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a 326passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list 327of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of 328Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or 329through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already 330includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or 331by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, 332you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit 333permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. 334 335The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License 336give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or 337imply endorsement of any Modified Version. 338 339 340\begin{center} 341{\Large\bf 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS} 342\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS} 343\end{center} 344 345 346You may combine the Document with other documents released under this 347License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified 348versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the 349Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and 350list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its 351license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. 352 353The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and 354multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single 355copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but 356different contents, make the title of each such section unique by 357adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original 358author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. 359Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of 360Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. 361 362In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" 363in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled 364"History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", 365and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections 366Entitled "Endorsements". 367 368\begin{center} 369{\Large\bf 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS} 370\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS} 371\end{center} 372 373You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents 374released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this 375License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in 376the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for 377verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. 378 379You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute 380it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this 381License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all 382other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. 383 384 385\begin{center} 386{\Large\bf 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS} 387\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS} 388\end{center} 389 390 391A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate 392and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or 393distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright 394resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights 395of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. 396When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not 397apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves 398derivative works of the Document. 399 400If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these 401copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of 402the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on 403covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the 404electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. 405Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole 406aggregate. 407 408 409\begin{center} 410{\Large\bf 8. TRANSLATION} 411\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{8. TRANSLATION} 412\end{center} 413 414 415Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may 416distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. 417Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special 418permission from their copyright holders, but you may include 419translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the 420original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a 421translation of this License, and all the license notices in the 422Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include 423the original English version of this License and the original versions 424of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between 425the translation and the original version of this License or a notice 426or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. 427 428If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", 429"Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve 430its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual 431title. 432 433 434\begin{center} 435{\Large\bf 9. TERMINATION} 436\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{9. TERMINATION} 437\end{center} 438 439 440You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except 441as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to 442copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will 443automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, 444parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this 445License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such 446parties remain in full compliance. 447 448 449\begin{center} 450{\Large\bf 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE} 451\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE} 452\end{center} 453 454 455The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions 456of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new 457versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may 458differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See 459http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. 460 461Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. 462If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this 463License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of 464following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or 465of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the 466Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version 467number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not 468as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. 469 470 471\begin{center} 472{\Large\bf ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents} 473\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents} 474\end{center} 475 476To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of 477the License in the document and put the following copyright and 478license notices just after the title page: 479 480\bigskip 481\begin{quote} 482 Copyright \copyright YEAR YOUR NAME. 483 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document 484 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 485 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; 486 with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. 487 A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU 488 Free Documentation License". 489\end{quote} 490\bigskip 491 492If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, 493replace the "with...Texts." line with this: 494 495\bigskip 496\begin{quote} 497 with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the 498 Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. 499\end{quote} 500\bigskip 501 502If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other 503combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the 504situation. 505 506If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we 507recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of 508free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, 509to permit their use in free software. 510 511%--------------------------------------------------------------------- 512