1 /*
2  * Copyright © 2011  Google, Inc.
3  *
4  *  This is part of HarfBuzz, a text shaping library.
5  *
6  * Permission is hereby granted, without written agreement and without
7  * license or royalty fees, to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
8  * software and its documentation for any purpose, provided that the
9  * above copyright notice and the following two paragraphs appear in
10  * all copies of this software.
11  *
12  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR
13  * DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
14  * ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN
15  * IF THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
16  * DAMAGE.
17  *
18  * THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING,
19  * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
20  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS
21  * ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER HAS NO OBLIGATION TO
22  * PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.
23  *
24  * Google Author(s): Behdad Esfahbod
25  */
26 
27 #include "helper-cairo.hh"
28 
29 #include <cairo-ft.h>
30 #include <hb-ft.h>
31 #include FT_MULTIPLE_MASTERS_H
32 
33 #include "helper-cairo-ansi.hh"
34 #ifdef CAIRO_HAS_SVG_SURFACE
35 #  include <cairo-svg.h>
36 #endif
37 #ifdef CAIRO_HAS_PDF_SURFACE
38 #  include <cairo-pdf.h>
39 #endif
40 #ifdef CAIRO_HAS_PS_SURFACE
41 #  include <cairo-ps.h>
42 #  if CAIRO_VERSION >= CAIRO_VERSION_ENCODE(1,6,0)
43 #    define HAS_EPS 1
44 
45 static cairo_surface_t *
_cairo_eps_surface_create_for_stream(cairo_write_func_t write_func,void * closure,double width,double height)46 _cairo_eps_surface_create_for_stream (cairo_write_func_t  write_func,
47 				      void               *closure,
48 				      double              width,
49 				      double              height)
50 {
51   cairo_surface_t *surface;
52 
53   surface = cairo_ps_surface_create_for_stream (write_func, closure, width, height);
54   cairo_ps_surface_set_eps (surface, true);
55 
56   return surface;
57 }
58 
59 #  else
60 #    undef HAS_EPS
61 #  endif
62 #endif
63 
64 
65 static FT_Library ft_library;
66 
67 #ifdef HAVE_ATEXIT
68 static inline
free_ft_library()69 void free_ft_library ()
70 {
71   FT_Done_FreeType (ft_library);
72 }
73 #endif
74 
75 cairo_scaled_font_t *
helper_cairo_create_scaled_font(const font_options_t * font_opts)76 helper_cairo_create_scaled_font (const font_options_t *font_opts)
77 {
78   hb_font_t *font = hb_font_reference (font_opts->get_font ());
79 
80   cairo_font_face_t *cairo_face;
81   /* We cannot use the FT_Face from hb_font_t, as doing so will confuse hb_font_t because
82    * cairo will reset the face size.  As such, create new face...
83    * TODO Perhaps add API to hb-ft to encapsulate this code. */
84   FT_Face ft_face = nullptr;//hb_ft_font_get_face (font);
85   if (!ft_face)
86   {
87     if (!ft_library)
88     {
89       FT_Init_FreeType (&ft_library);
90 #ifdef HAVE_ATEXIT
91       atexit (free_ft_library);
92 #endif
93     }
94 
95     unsigned int blob_length;
96     const char *blob_data = hb_blob_get_data (font_opts->blob, &blob_length);
97 
98     if (FT_New_Memory_Face (ft_library,
99 			    (const FT_Byte *) blob_data,
100 			    blob_length,
101 			    font_opts->face_index,
102 			    &ft_face))
103       fail (false, "FT_New_Memory_Face fail");
104   }
105   if (!ft_face)
106   {
107     /* This allows us to get some boxes at least... */
108     cairo_face = cairo_toy_font_face_create ("@cairo:sans",
109 					     CAIRO_FONT_SLANT_NORMAL,
110 					     CAIRO_FONT_WEIGHT_NORMAL);
111   }
112   else
113   {
114 #ifdef HAVE_FT_SET_VAR_BLEND_COORDINATES
115     unsigned int num_coords;
116     const int *coords = hb_font_get_var_coords_normalized (font, &num_coords);
117     if (num_coords)
118     {
119       FT_Fixed *ft_coords = (FT_Fixed *) calloc (num_coords, sizeof (FT_Fixed));
120       if (ft_coords)
121       {
122 	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_coords; i++)
123 	  ft_coords[i] = coords[i] << 2;
124 	FT_Set_Var_Blend_Coordinates (ft_face, num_coords, ft_coords);
125 	free (ft_coords);
126       }
127     }
128 #endif
129 
130     cairo_face = cairo_ft_font_face_create_for_ft_face (ft_face, font_opts->ft_load_flags);
131   }
132   cairo_matrix_t ctm, font_matrix;
133   cairo_font_options_t *font_options;
134 
135   cairo_matrix_init_identity (&ctm);
136   cairo_matrix_init_scale (&font_matrix,
137 			   font_opts->font_size_x,
138 			   font_opts->font_size_y);
139   font_options = cairo_font_options_create ();
140   cairo_font_options_set_hint_style (font_options, CAIRO_HINT_STYLE_NONE);
141   cairo_font_options_set_hint_metrics (font_options, CAIRO_HINT_METRICS_OFF);
142 
143   cairo_scaled_font_t *scaled_font = cairo_scaled_font_create (cairo_face,
144 							       &font_matrix,
145 							       &ctm,
146 							       font_options);
147 
148   cairo_font_options_destroy (font_options);
149   cairo_font_face_destroy (cairo_face);
150 
151   static cairo_user_data_key_t key;
152   if (cairo_scaled_font_set_user_data (scaled_font,
153 				       &key,
154 				       (void *) font,
155 				       (cairo_destroy_func_t) hb_font_destroy))
156     hb_font_destroy (font);
157 
158   return scaled_font;
159 }
160 
161 bool
helper_cairo_scaled_font_has_color(cairo_scaled_font_t * scaled_font)162 helper_cairo_scaled_font_has_color (cairo_scaled_font_t *scaled_font)
163 {
164   bool ret = false;
165 #ifdef FT_HAS_COLOR
166   FT_Face ft_face = cairo_ft_scaled_font_lock_face (scaled_font);
167   if (ft_face)
168   {
169     if (FT_HAS_COLOR (ft_face))
170       ret = true;
171     cairo_ft_scaled_font_unlock_face (scaled_font);
172   }
173 #endif
174   return ret;
175 }
176 
177 
178 enum class image_protocol_t {
179   NONE = 0,
180   ITERM2,
181   KITTY,
182 };
183 
184 struct finalize_closure_t {
185   void (*callback)(finalize_closure_t *);
186   cairo_surface_t *surface;
187   cairo_write_func_t write_func;
188   void *closure;
189   image_protocol_t protocol;
190 };
191 static cairo_user_data_key_t finalize_closure_key;
192 
193 
194 static void
finalize_ansi(finalize_closure_t * closure)195 finalize_ansi (finalize_closure_t *closure)
196 {
197   cairo_status_t status;
198   status = helper_cairo_surface_write_to_ansi_stream (closure->surface,
199 						      closure->write_func,
200 						      closure->closure);
201   if (status != CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS)
202     fail (false, "Failed to write output: %s",
203 	  cairo_status_to_string (status));
204 }
205 
206 static cairo_surface_t *
_cairo_ansi_surface_create_for_stream(cairo_write_func_t write_func,void * closure,double width,double height,cairo_content_t content,image_protocol_t protocol HB_UNUSED)207 _cairo_ansi_surface_create_for_stream (cairo_write_func_t write_func,
208 				       void *closure,
209 				       double width,
210 				       double height,
211 				       cairo_content_t content,
212 				       image_protocol_t protocol HB_UNUSED)
213 {
214   cairo_surface_t *surface;
215   int w = ceil (width);
216   int h = ceil (height);
217 
218   switch (content) {
219     case CAIRO_CONTENT_ALPHA:
220       surface = cairo_image_surface_create (CAIRO_FORMAT_A8, w, h);
221       break;
222     default:
223     case CAIRO_CONTENT_COLOR:
224       surface = cairo_image_surface_create (CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB24, w, h);
225       break;
226     case CAIRO_CONTENT_COLOR_ALPHA:
227       surface = cairo_image_surface_create (CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32, w, h);
228       break;
229   }
230   cairo_status_t status = cairo_surface_status (surface);
231   if (status != CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS)
232     fail (false, "Failed to create cairo surface: %s",
233 	  cairo_status_to_string (status));
234 
235   finalize_closure_t *ansi_closure = g_new0 (finalize_closure_t, 1);
236   ansi_closure->callback = finalize_ansi;
237   ansi_closure->surface = surface;
238   ansi_closure->write_func = write_func;
239   ansi_closure->closure = closure;
240 
241   if (cairo_surface_set_user_data (surface,
242 				   &finalize_closure_key,
243 				   (void *) ansi_closure,
244 				   (cairo_destroy_func_t) g_free))
245     g_free ((void *) closure);
246 
247   return surface;
248 }
249 
250 
251 #ifdef CAIRO_HAS_PNG_FUNCTIONS
252 
253 static cairo_status_t
byte_array_write_func(void * closure,const unsigned char * data,unsigned int size)254 byte_array_write_func (void                *closure,
255 		       const unsigned char *data,
256 		       unsigned int         size)
257 {
258   g_byte_array_append ((GByteArray *) closure, data, size);
259   return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
260 }
261 
262 static void
finalize_png(finalize_closure_t * closure)263 finalize_png (finalize_closure_t *closure)
264 {
265   cairo_status_t status;
266   GByteArray *bytes = nullptr;
267   GString *string;
268   gchar *base64;
269   size_t base64_len;
270 
271   if (closure->protocol == image_protocol_t::NONE)
272   {
273     status = cairo_surface_write_to_png_stream (closure->surface,
274 						closure->write_func,
275 						closure->closure);
276   }
277   else
278   {
279     bytes = g_byte_array_new ();
280     status = cairo_surface_write_to_png_stream (closure->surface,
281 						byte_array_write_func,
282 						bytes);
283   }
284 
285   if (status != CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS)
286     fail (false, "Failed to write output: %s",
287 	  cairo_status_to_string (status));
288 
289   if (closure->protocol == image_protocol_t::NONE)
290     return;
291 
292   base64 = g_base64_encode (bytes->data, bytes->len);
293   base64_len = strlen (base64);
294 
295   string = g_string_new (NULL);
296   if (closure->protocol == image_protocol_t::ITERM2)
297   {
298     /* https://iterm2.com/documentation-images.html */
299     g_string_printf (string, "\033]1337;File=inline=1;size=%zu:%s\a\n",
300 		     base64_len, base64);
301   }
302   else if (closure->protocol == image_protocol_t::KITTY)
303   {
304 #define CHUNK_SIZE 4096
305     /* https://sw.kovidgoyal.net/kitty/graphics-protocol.html */
306     for (size_t pos = 0; pos < base64_len; pos += CHUNK_SIZE)
307     {
308       size_t len = base64_len - pos;
309 
310       if (pos == 0)
311 	g_string_append (string, "\033_Ga=T,f=100,m=");
312       else
313 	g_string_append (string, "\033_Gm=");
314 
315       if (len > CHUNK_SIZE)
316       {
317 	g_string_append (string, "1;");
318 	g_string_append_len (string, base64 + pos, CHUNK_SIZE);
319       }
320       else
321       {
322 	g_string_append (string, "0;");
323 	g_string_append_len (string, base64 + pos, len);
324       }
325 
326       g_string_append (string, "\033\\");
327     }
328     g_string_append (string, "\n");
329 #undef CHUNK_SIZE
330   }
331 
332   closure->write_func (closure->closure, (unsigned char *) string->str, string->len);
333 
334   g_byte_array_unref (bytes);
335   g_free (base64);
336   g_string_free (string, TRUE);
337 }
338 
339 static cairo_surface_t *
_cairo_png_surface_create_for_stream(cairo_write_func_t write_func,void * closure,double width,double height,cairo_content_t content,image_protocol_t protocol)340 _cairo_png_surface_create_for_stream (cairo_write_func_t write_func,
341 				      void *closure,
342 				      double width,
343 				      double height,
344 				      cairo_content_t content,
345 				      image_protocol_t protocol)
346 {
347   cairo_surface_t *surface;
348   int w = ceil (width);
349   int h = ceil (height);
350 
351   switch (content) {
352     case CAIRO_CONTENT_ALPHA:
353       surface = cairo_image_surface_create (CAIRO_FORMAT_A8, w, h);
354       break;
355     default:
356     case CAIRO_CONTENT_COLOR:
357       surface = cairo_image_surface_create (CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB24, w, h);
358       break;
359     case CAIRO_CONTENT_COLOR_ALPHA:
360       surface = cairo_image_surface_create (CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32, w, h);
361       break;
362   }
363   cairo_status_t status = cairo_surface_status (surface);
364   if (status != CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS)
365     fail (false, "Failed to create cairo surface: %s",
366 	  cairo_status_to_string (status));
367 
368   finalize_closure_t *png_closure = g_new0 (finalize_closure_t, 1);
369   png_closure->callback = finalize_png;
370   png_closure->surface = surface;
371   png_closure->write_func = write_func;
372   png_closure->closure = closure;
373   png_closure->protocol = protocol;
374 
375   if (cairo_surface_set_user_data (surface,
376 				   &finalize_closure_key,
377 				   (void *) png_closure,
378 				   (cairo_destroy_func_t) g_free))
379     g_free ((void *) closure);
380 
381   return surface;
382 }
383 
384 #endif
385 
386 static cairo_status_t
stdio_write_func(void * closure,const unsigned char * data,unsigned int size)387 stdio_write_func (void                *closure,
388 		  const unsigned char *data,
389 		  unsigned int         size)
390 {
391   FILE *fp = (FILE *) closure;
392 
393   while (size) {
394     size_t ret = fwrite (data, 1, size, fp);
395     size -= ret;
396     data += ret;
397     if (size && ferror (fp))
398       fail (false, "Failed to write output: %s", strerror (errno));
399   }
400 
401   return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
402 }
403 
404 const char *helper_cairo_supported_formats[] =
405 {
406   "ansi",
407   #ifdef CAIRO_HAS_PNG_FUNCTIONS
408   "png",
409   #endif
410   #ifdef CAIRO_HAS_SVG_SURFACE
411   "svg",
412   #endif
413   #ifdef CAIRO_HAS_PDF_SURFACE
414   "pdf",
415   #endif
416   #ifdef CAIRO_HAS_PS_SURFACE
417   "ps",
418    #ifdef HAS_EPS
419     "eps",
420    #endif
421   #endif
422   nullptr
423 };
424 
425 cairo_t *
helper_cairo_create_context(double w,double h,view_options_t * view_opts,output_options_t * out_opts,cairo_content_t content)426 helper_cairo_create_context (double w, double h,
427 			     view_options_t *view_opts,
428 			     output_options_t *out_opts,
429 			     cairo_content_t content)
430 {
431   cairo_surface_t *(*constructor) (cairo_write_func_t write_func,
432 				   void *closure,
433 				   double width,
434 				   double height) = nullptr;
435   cairo_surface_t *(*constructor2) (cairo_write_func_t write_func,
436 				    void *closure,
437 				    double width,
438 				    double height,
439 				    cairo_content_t content,
440 				    image_protocol_t protocol) = nullptr;
441 
442   image_protocol_t protocol = image_protocol_t::NONE;
443   const char *extension = out_opts->output_format;
444   if (!extension) {
445 #if HAVE_ISATTY
446     if (isatty (fileno (out_opts->get_file_handle ())))
447     {
448 #ifdef CAIRO_HAS_PNG_FUNCTIONS
449       const char *name;
450       /* https://gitlab.com/gnachman/iterm2/-/issues/7154 */
451       if ((name = getenv ("LC_TERMINAL")) != nullptr &&
452 	  0 == g_ascii_strcasecmp (name, "iTerm2"))
453       {
454 	extension = "png";
455 	protocol = image_protocol_t::ITERM2;
456       }
457       else if ((name = getenv ("TERM")) != nullptr &&
458 	       0 == g_ascii_strcasecmp (name, "xterm-kitty"))
459       {
460 	extension = "png";
461 	protocol = image_protocol_t::KITTY;
462       }
463       else
464 	extension = "ansi";
465 #else
466       extension = "ansi";
467 #endif
468     }
469     else
470 #endif
471     {
472 #ifdef CAIRO_HAS_PNG_FUNCTIONS
473       extension = "png";
474 #else
475       extension = "ansi";
476 #endif
477     }
478   }
479   if (0)
480     ;
481     else if (0 == g_ascii_strcasecmp (extension, "ansi"))
482       constructor2 = _cairo_ansi_surface_create_for_stream;
483   #ifdef CAIRO_HAS_PNG_FUNCTIONS
484     else if (0 == g_ascii_strcasecmp (extension, "png"))
485       constructor2 = _cairo_png_surface_create_for_stream;
486   #endif
487   #ifdef CAIRO_HAS_SVG_SURFACE
488     else if (0 == g_ascii_strcasecmp (extension, "svg"))
489       constructor = cairo_svg_surface_create_for_stream;
490   #endif
491   #ifdef CAIRO_HAS_PDF_SURFACE
492     else if (0 == g_ascii_strcasecmp (extension, "pdf"))
493       constructor = cairo_pdf_surface_create_for_stream;
494   #endif
495   #ifdef CAIRO_HAS_PS_SURFACE
496     else if (0 == g_ascii_strcasecmp (extension, "ps"))
497       constructor = cairo_ps_surface_create_for_stream;
498    #ifdef HAS_EPS
499     else if (0 == g_ascii_strcasecmp (extension, "eps"))
500       constructor = _cairo_eps_surface_create_for_stream;
501    #endif
502   #endif
503 
504 
505   unsigned int fr, fg, fb, fa, br, bg, bb, ba;
506   const char *color;
507   br = bg = bb = 0; ba = 255;
508   color = view_opts->back ? view_opts->back : DEFAULT_BACK;
509   sscanf (color + (*color=='#'), "%2x%2x%2x%2x", &br, &bg, &bb, &ba);
510   fr = fg = fb = 0; fa = 255;
511   color = view_opts->fore ? view_opts->fore : DEFAULT_FORE;
512   sscanf (color + (*color=='#'), "%2x%2x%2x%2x", &fr, &fg, &fb, &fa);
513 
514   if (content == CAIRO_CONTENT_ALPHA)
515   {
516     if (view_opts->annotate ||
517 	br != bg || bg != bb ||
518 	fr != fg || fg != fb)
519       content = CAIRO_CONTENT_COLOR;
520   }
521   if (ba != 255)
522     content = CAIRO_CONTENT_COLOR_ALPHA;
523 
524   cairo_surface_t *surface;
525   FILE *f = out_opts->get_file_handle ();
526   if (constructor)
527     surface = constructor (stdio_write_func, f, w, h);
528   else if (constructor2)
529     surface = constructor2 (stdio_write_func, f, w, h, content, protocol);
530   else
531     fail (false, "Unknown output format `%s'; supported formats are: %s%s",
532 	  extension,
533 	  g_strjoinv ("/", const_cast<char**> (helper_cairo_supported_formats)),
534 	  out_opts->explicit_output_format ? "" :
535 	  "\nTry setting format using --output-format");
536 
537   cairo_t *cr = cairo_create (surface);
538   content = cairo_surface_get_content (surface);
539 
540   switch (content) {
541     case CAIRO_CONTENT_ALPHA:
542       cairo_set_operator (cr, CAIRO_OPERATOR_SOURCE);
543       cairo_set_source_rgba (cr, 1., 1., 1., br / 255.);
544       cairo_paint (cr);
545       cairo_set_source_rgba (cr, 1., 1., 1.,
546 			     (fr / 255.) * (fa / 255.) + (br / 255) * (1 - (fa / 255.)));
547       break;
548     default:
549     case CAIRO_CONTENT_COLOR:
550     case CAIRO_CONTENT_COLOR_ALPHA:
551       cairo_set_operator (cr, CAIRO_OPERATOR_SOURCE);
552       cairo_set_source_rgba (cr, br / 255., bg / 255., bb / 255., ba / 255.);
553       cairo_paint (cr);
554       cairo_set_operator (cr, CAIRO_OPERATOR_OVER);
555       cairo_set_source_rgba (cr, fr / 255., fg / 255., fb / 255., fa / 255.);
556       break;
557   }
558 
559   cairo_surface_destroy (surface);
560   return cr;
561 }
562 
563 void
helper_cairo_destroy_context(cairo_t * cr)564 helper_cairo_destroy_context (cairo_t *cr)
565 {
566   finalize_closure_t *closure = (finalize_closure_t *)
567 				cairo_surface_get_user_data (cairo_get_target (cr),
568 							     &finalize_closure_key);
569   if (closure)
570     closure->callback (closure);
571 
572   cairo_status_t status = cairo_status (cr);
573   if (status != CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS)
574     fail (false, "Failed: %s",
575 	  cairo_status_to_string (status));
576   cairo_destroy (cr);
577 }
578 
579 
580 void
helper_cairo_line_from_buffer(helper_cairo_line_t * l,hb_buffer_t * buffer,const char * text,unsigned int text_len,int scale_bits,hb_bool_t utf8_clusters)581 helper_cairo_line_from_buffer (helper_cairo_line_t *l,
582 			       hb_buffer_t         *buffer,
583 			       const char          *text,
584 			       unsigned int         text_len,
585 			       int                  scale_bits,
586 			       hb_bool_t            utf8_clusters)
587 {
588   memset (l, 0, sizeof (*l));
589 
590   l->num_glyphs = hb_buffer_get_length (buffer);
591   hb_glyph_info_t *hb_glyph = hb_buffer_get_glyph_infos (buffer, nullptr);
592   hb_glyph_position_t *hb_position = hb_buffer_get_glyph_positions (buffer, nullptr);
593   l->glyphs = cairo_glyph_allocate (l->num_glyphs + 1);
594 
595   if (text) {
596     l->utf8 = g_strndup (text, text_len);
597     l->utf8_len = text_len;
598     l->num_clusters = l->num_glyphs ? 1 : 0;
599     for (unsigned int i = 1; i < l->num_glyphs; i++)
600       if (hb_glyph[i].cluster != hb_glyph[i-1].cluster)
601 	l->num_clusters++;
602     l->clusters = cairo_text_cluster_allocate (l->num_clusters);
603   }
604 
605   if ((l->num_glyphs && !l->glyphs) ||
606       (l->utf8_len && !l->utf8) ||
607       (l->num_clusters && !l->clusters))
608   {
609     l->finish ();
610     return;
611   }
612 
613   hb_position_t x = 0, y = 0;
614   int i;
615   for (i = 0; i < (int) l->num_glyphs; i++)
616   {
617     l->glyphs[i].index = hb_glyph[i].codepoint;
618     l->glyphs[i].x = scalbn ((double)  hb_position->x_offset + x, scale_bits);
619     l->glyphs[i].y = scalbn ((double) -hb_position->y_offset + y, scale_bits);
620     x +=  hb_position->x_advance;
621     y += -hb_position->y_advance;
622 
623     hb_position++;
624   }
625   l->glyphs[i].index = -1;
626   l->glyphs[i].x = scalbn ((double) x, scale_bits);
627   l->glyphs[i].y = scalbn ((double) y, scale_bits);
628 
629   if (l->num_clusters) {
630     memset ((void *) l->clusters, 0, l->num_clusters * sizeof (l->clusters[0]));
631     hb_bool_t backward = HB_DIRECTION_IS_BACKWARD (hb_buffer_get_direction (buffer));
632     l->cluster_flags = backward ? CAIRO_TEXT_CLUSTER_FLAG_BACKWARD : (cairo_text_cluster_flags_t) 0;
633     unsigned int cluster = 0;
634     const char *start = l->utf8, *end;
635     l->clusters[cluster].num_glyphs++;
636     if (backward) {
637       for (i = l->num_glyphs - 2; i >= 0; i--) {
638 	if (hb_glyph[i].cluster != hb_glyph[i+1].cluster) {
639 	  g_assert (hb_glyph[i].cluster > hb_glyph[i+1].cluster);
640 	  if (utf8_clusters)
641 	    end = start + hb_glyph[i].cluster - hb_glyph[i+1].cluster;
642 	  else
643 	    end = g_utf8_offset_to_pointer (start, hb_glyph[i].cluster - hb_glyph[i+1].cluster);
644 	  l->clusters[cluster].num_bytes = end - start;
645 	  start = end;
646 	  cluster++;
647 	}
648 	l->clusters[cluster].num_glyphs++;
649       }
650       l->clusters[cluster].num_bytes = l->utf8 + text_len - start;
651     } else {
652       for (i = 1; i < (int) l->num_glyphs; i++) {
653 	if (hb_glyph[i].cluster != hb_glyph[i-1].cluster) {
654 	  g_assert (hb_glyph[i].cluster > hb_glyph[i-1].cluster);
655 	  if (utf8_clusters)
656 	    end = start + hb_glyph[i].cluster - hb_glyph[i-1].cluster;
657 	  else
658 	    end = g_utf8_offset_to_pointer (start, hb_glyph[i].cluster - hb_glyph[i-1].cluster);
659 	  l->clusters[cluster].num_bytes = end - start;
660 	  start = end;
661 	  cluster++;
662 	}
663 	l->clusters[cluster].num_glyphs++;
664       }
665       l->clusters[cluster].num_bytes = l->utf8 + text_len - start;
666     }
667   }
668 }
669