RT/Interface/Email.pm

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package RT::Interface::Email;

use strict;
use warnings;
use 5.010;

use RT::Interface::Email::Crypt;
use Email::Address;
use MIME::Entity;
use RT::EmailParser;
use File::Temp;
use Mail::Mailer ();
use Text::ParseWords qw/shellwords/;
use RT::Util 'safe_run_child';
use File::Spec;
use MIME::Words ();
use Scope::Upper qw/unwind HERE/;
use 5.010;

=head1 NAME

  RT::Interface::Email - helper functions for parsing and sending email

=head1 METHODS

=head2 RECEIVING MAIL

=head3 Gateway ARGSREF

Takes parameters:

=over

=item C<action>

A C<-> separated list of actions to run.  Standard actions, as detailed
in L<bin/rt-mailgate>, are C<comment> and C<correspond>.  The
L<RT::Interface::Email::Action::Take> and
L<RT::Interface::Email::Action::Resolve> plugins can be added to
L<RT_Config/@MailPlugins> to provide C<take> and C<resolve> actions,
respectively.

=item C<queue>

The queue that tickets should be created in, if no ticket id is found on
the message.  Can be either a name or an id; defaults to 1.

=item C<message>

The content of the message, as obtained from the MTA.

=item C<ticket>

Optional; this ticket id overrides any ticket number derived from the
subject.

=back

Secrypts and verifies the message, decodes the transfer encoding,
determines the user that the mail was sent from, and performs the given
actions.

Returns a list of C<(status, message, ticket)>.  The C<status> is -75
for a temporary failure (to be retried later bt the MTA), 0 for a
permanent failure which did not result in a ticket, and 1 for a ticket
that was found and acted on.

=cut

my $SCOPE;
sub TMPFAIL { unwind (-75,     $_[0], undef, => $SCOPE) }
sub FAILURE { unwind (  0,     $_[0], $_[1], => $SCOPE) }
sub SUCCESS { unwind (  1, "Success", $_[0], => $SCOPE) }

sub Gateway {
    my $argsref = shift;
    my %args    = (
        action  => 'correspond',
        queue   => '1',
        ticket  => undef,
        message => undef,
        %$argsref
    );

    # Set the scope to return from with TMPFAIL/FAILURE/SUCCESS
    $SCOPE = HERE;

    # Validate the actions
    my @actions = grep $_, split /-/, $args{action};
    for my $action (@actions) {
        TMPFAIL( "Invalid 'action' parameter $action for queue $args{queue}" )
            unless Plugins(Method => "Handle" . ucfirst($action));
    }

    my $parser = RT::EmailParser->new();
    $parser->SmartParseMIMEEntityFromScalar(
        Message => $args{'message'},
        Decode => 0,
        Exact => 1,
    );

    my $Message = $parser->Entity();
    unless ($Message) {
        MailError(
            Subject     => "RT Bounce: Unparseable message",
            Explanation => "RT couldn't process the message below",
            Attach      => $args{'message'},
            FAILURE     => 1,
        );
    }

    #Set up a queue object
    my $SystemQueueObj = RT::Queue->new( RT->SystemUser );
    $SystemQueueObj->Load( $args{'queue'} );

    for my $Code ( Plugins(Method => "BeforeDecrypt") ) {
        $Code->(
            Message       => $Message,
            RawMessageRef => \$args{'message'},
            Queue         => $SystemQueueObj,
            Actions       => \@actions,
        );
    }

    RT::Interface::Email::Crypt::VerifyDecrypt(
        Message       => $Message,
        RawMessageRef => \$args{'message'},
        Queue         => $SystemQueueObj,
    );

    for my $Code ( Plugins(Method => "BeforeDecode") ) {
        $Code->(
            Message       => $Message,
            RawMessageRef => \$args{'message'},
            Queue         => $SystemQueueObj,
            Actions       => \@actions,
        );
    }

    $parser->_DecodeBodies;
    $parser->RescueOutlook;
    $parser->_PostProcessNewEntity;

    my $head = $Message->head;
    my $From = Encode::decode( "UTF-8", $head->get("From") );
    chomp $From if defined $From;

    #Pull apart the subject line
    my $Subject = Encode::decode( "UTF-8", $head->get('Subject') || '');
    chomp $Subject;

    # Lets check for mail loops of various sorts.
    my $ErrorsTo = ParseErrorsToAddressFromHead( $head );
    $ErrorsTo = RT->Config->Get('OwnerEmail')
        if IsMachineGeneratedMail(
            Message   => $Message,
            Subject   => $Subject,
        );

    # Make all errors from here on out bounce back to $ErrorsTo
    my $bare_MailError = \&MailError;
    no warnings 'redefine';
    local *MailError = sub {
        $bare_MailError->(To => $ErrorsTo, MIMEObj => $Message, @_)
    };

    $args{'ticket'} ||= ExtractTicketId( $Message );

    my $SystemTicket = RT::Ticket->new( RT->SystemUser );
    $SystemTicket->Load( $args{'ticket'} ) if ( $args{'ticket'} ) ;

    # We can safely have no queue of we have a known-good ticket
    TMPFAIL("RT couldn't find the queue: " . $args{'queue'})
        unless $SystemTicket->id || $SystemQueueObj->id;

    my $CurrentUser = GetCurrentUser(
        Message       => $Message,
        RawMessageRef => \$args{message},
        Ticket        => $SystemTicket,
        Queue         => $SystemQueueObj,
    );

    # We only care about ACLs on the _first_ action, as later actions
    # may have gotten rights by the time they happen.
    CheckACL(
        Action        => $actions[0],
        Message       => $Message,
        CurrentUser   => $CurrentUser,
        Ticket        => $SystemTicket,
        Queue         => $SystemQueueObj,
    );

    $head->replace('X-RT-Interface' => 'Email');

    my $Ticket = RT::Ticket->new($CurrentUser);
    $Ticket->Load( $SystemTicket->Id );

    for my $action (@actions) {
        HandleAction(
            Action      => $action,
            Subject     => $Subject,
            Message     => $Message,
            CurrentUser => $CurrentUser,
            Ticket      => $Ticket,
            TicketId    => $args{ticket},
            Queue       => $SystemQueueObj,
        );
    }
    SUCCESS( $Ticket );
}

=head3 Plugins Method => C<name>, Code => 0

Returns the list of subroutine references for the given method C<name>
from the configured L<RT_Config/@MailPlugins>.  If C<Code> is passed a
true value, includes anonymous subroutines found in C<@MailPlugins>.

=cut

sub Plugins {
    my %args = (
        Add => undef,
        Code => 0,
        Method => undef,
        @_
    );
    state $INIT;
    state @PLUGINS;

    if ($args{Add} or !$INIT) {
        my @mail_plugins = $INIT ? () : RT->Config->Get('MailPlugins');
        push @mail_plugins, @{$args{Add}} if $args{Add};

        foreach my $plugin (@mail_plugins) {
            if ( ref($plugin) eq "CODE" ) {
                push @PLUGINS, $plugin;
            } elsif ( !ref $plugin ) {
                my $Class = $plugin;
                $Class = "RT::Interface::Email::" . $Class
                    unless $Class =~ /^RT::/;
                $Class->require or
                    do { $RT::Logger->error("Couldn't load $Class: $@"); next };

                unless ( $Class->DOES( "RT::Interface::Email::Role" ) ) {
                    $RT::Logger->crit( "$Class does not implement RT::Interface::Email::Role.  Mail plugins from RT 4.2 and earlier are not forward-compatible with RT 4.4.");
                    next;
                }
                push @PLUGINS, $Class;
            } else {
                $RT::Logger->crit( "$plugin - is not class name or code reference");
            }
        }
        $INIT = 1;
    }

    my @list = @PLUGINS;
    @list = grep {not ref} @list unless $args{Code};
    @list = grep {$_} map {ref $_ ? $_ : $_->can($args{Method})} @list if $args{Method};
    return @list;
}

=head3 GetCurrentUser Message => C<message>, Ticket => C<ticket>, Queue => C<queue>

Dispatches to the C<@MailPlugins> to find one the provides
C<GetCurrentUser> that recognizes the current user.  Mail plugins are
tried one at a time, and stops after the first to return a current user.
Anonymous subroutine references found in C<@MailPlugins> are treated as
C<GetCurrentUser> methods.

The default GetCurrentUser authenticator simply looks at the From:
address, and loads or creates a user accordingly; see
L<RT::Interface::Email::Auth::MailFrom>.

Returns the current user; on failure of any plugin to do so, stops
processing with a permanent failure and sends a generic "Permission
Denied" mail to the user.

=cut

sub GetCurrentUser {
    my %args = (
        Message       => undef,
        RawMessageRef => undef,
        Ticket        => undef,
        Queue         => undef,
        @_,
    );

    # Since this needs loading, no matter what
    for my $Code ( Plugins(Code => 1, Method => "GetCurrentUser") ) {
        my $CurrentUser = $Code->(
            Message       => $args{Message},
            RawMessageRef => $args{RawMessageRef},
            Ticket        => $args{Ticket},
            Queue         => $args{Queue},
        );
        return $CurrentUser if $CurrentUser and $CurrentUser->id;
    }

    # None of the GetCurrentUser plugins found a user.  This is
    # rare; some non-Auth::MailFrom authentication plugin which
    # doesn't always return a current user?
    MailError(
        Subject     => "Permission Denied",
        Explanation => "You do not have permission to communicate with RT",
        FAILURE     => 1,
    );
}

=head3 CheckACL Action => C<action>, CurrentUser => C<user>, Ticket => C<ticket>, Queue => C<queue>

Checks that the currentuser can perform a particular action.  While RT's
standard permission controls apply, this allows a better error message,
or more limited restrictions on the email gateway.

Each plugin in C<@MailPlugins> which provides C<CheckACL> is given a
chance to allow the action.  If any returns a true value, it
short-circuits all later plugins.  Note that plugins may short-circuit
and abort with failure of their own accord.

Aborts processing, sending a "Permission Denied" mail to the user with
the last plugin's failure message, on failure.

=cut

sub CheckACL {
    my %args = (
        Action        => undef,
        Message       => undef,
        CurrentUser   => undef,
        Ticket        => undef,
        Queue         => undef,
        @_,
    );

    for my $Code ( Plugins( Method => "CheckACL" ) ) {
        return if $Code->(
            Message       => $args{Message},
            CurrentUser   => $args{CurrentUser},
            Action        => $args{Action},
            Ticket        => $args{Ticket},
            Queue         => $args{Queue},
        );
    }

    # Nobody said yes, and nobody said FAILURE; fail closed
    MailError(
        Subject     => "Permission Denied",
        Explanation => "You have no permission to $args{Action}",
        FAILURE     => 1,
    );
}

=head3 HandleAction Action => C<action>, Message => C<message>, Ticket => C<ticket>, Queue => C<queue>

Dispatches to the first plugin in C<@MailPlugins> which provides a
C<HandleFoo> where C<Foo> is C<ucfirst(action)>.

=cut

sub HandleAction {
    my %args = (
        Action   => undef,
        Subject  => undef,
        Message  => undef,
        Ticket   => undef,
        TicketId => undef,
        Queue    => undef,
        @_
    );

    my $action = delete $args{Action};
    my ($code) = Plugins(Method => "Handle" . ucfirst($action));
    TMPFAIL( "Invalid 'action' parameter $action for queue ".$args{Queue}->Name )
        unless $code;

    $code->(%args);
}


=head3 ParseSenderAddressFromHead HEAD

Takes a L<MIME::Header> object. Returns a list of (email address,
friendly name, errors) where the address and name are the first address
found in C<Reply-To>, C<From>, or C<Sender>.

A list of error messages may be returned even when an address is found,
since it could be a parse error for another (checked earlier) sender
field. In this case, the errors aren't fatal, but may be useful to
investigate the parse failure.

=cut

sub ParseSenderAddressFromHead {
    my $head = shift;
    my @errors;  # Accumulate any errors

    foreach my $header ( 'Reply-To', 'From', 'Sender' ) {
        my $addr_line = Encode::decode( "UTF-8", $head->get($header) ) || next;
        my ($addr) = RT::EmailParser->ParseEmailAddress( $addr_line );
        return ($addr->address, $addr->phrase, @errors) if $addr;

        chomp $addr_line;
        push @errors, "$header: $addr_line";
    }

    return (undef, undef, @errors);
}

=head3 ParseErrorsToAddressFromHead HEAD

Takes a L<MIME::Header> object. Returns the first email address found in
C<Return-path>, C<Errors-To>, C<Reply-To>, C<From>, or C<Sender>.

=cut

sub ParseErrorsToAddressFromHead {
    my $head = shift;

    foreach my $header ( 'Errors-To', 'Reply-To', 'From', 'Sender' ) {
        my $value = Encode::decode( "UTF-8", $head->get($header) );
        next unless $value;

        my ( $email ) = RT::EmailParser->ParseEmailAddress($value);
        return $email->address if $email;
    }
}

=head3 IsMachineGeneratedMail Message => C<message>

Checks if the mail is machine-generated (via a bounce, mail headers,

=cut

sub IsMachineGeneratedMail {
    my %args = (
        Message => undef,
        Subject => undef,
        @_
    );
    my $head = $args{'Message'}->head;

    my $IsAutoGenerated = CheckForAutoGenerated($head);
    my $IsALoop = CheckForLoops($head);

    my $owner_mail = RT->Config->Get('OwnerEmail');

    # Don't let the user stuff the RT-Squelch-Replies-To header.
    $head->delete('RT-Squelch-Replies-To');

    # If the message is autogenerated, we need to know, so we can not
    # send mail to the sender
    return unless $IsAutoGenerated || $IsALoop;

    # Warn someone if it's a loop, before we drop it on the ground
    if ($IsALoop) {
        my $MessageId = Encode::decode( "UTF-8", $head->get('Message-ID') );
        $RT::Logger->crit("RT Received mail ($MessageId) from itself.");

        #Should we mail it to RTOwner?
        if ( RT->Config->Get('LoopsToRTOwner') ) {
            MailError(
                To          => $owner_mail,
                Subject     => "RT Bounce: ".$args{'Subject'},
                Explanation => "RT thinks this message may be a bounce",
            );
        }

        #Do we actually want to store it?
        FAILURE( "Message is a bounce" ) unless RT->Config->Get('StoreLoops');
    }

    # Squelch replies to the sender, and also leave a clue to
    # allow us to squelch ALL outbound messages. This way we
    # can punt the logic of "what to do when we get a bounce"
    # to the scrip. We might want to notify nobody. Or just
    # the RT Owner. Or maybe all Privileged watchers.
    my ( $Sender ) = ParseSenderAddressFromHead($head);
    $head->replace( 'RT-Squelch-Replies-To',    Encode::encode("UTF-8", $Sender ) );
    $head->replace( 'RT-DetectedAutoGenerated', 'true' );

    return 1;
}

=head3 CheckForLoops HEAD

Takes a L<MIME::Head> object and returns true if the message was sent by
this RT instance, by checking the C<X-RT-Loop-Prevention> header.

=cut

sub CheckForLoops {
    my $head = shift;

    # If this instance of RT sent it our, we don't want to take it in
    my $RTLoop = Encode::decode( "UTF-8", $head->get("X-RT-Loop-Prevention") || "" );
    chomp ($RTLoop); # remove that newline
    if ( $RTLoop eq RT->Config->Get('rtname') ) {
        return 1;
    }

    # TODO: We might not trap the case where RT instance A sends a mail
    # to RT instance B which sends a mail to ...
    return undef;
}

=head3 CheckForAutoGenerated HEAD

Takes a HEAD object of L<MIME::Head> class and returns true if message is
autogenerated. Checks C<Precedence>, RFC3834 C<Auto-Submitted>, and
C<X-FC-Machinegenerated> fields of the head in tests.

=cut

sub CheckForAutoGenerated {
    my $head = shift;

    # Bounces, via return-path
    my $ReturnPath = $head->get("Return-path") || "";
    return 1 if $ReturnPath =~ /<>/;

    # Bounces, via mailer-daemon or postmaster
    my ( $From ) = ParseSenderAddressFromHead($head);
    return 1 if defined $From and $From =~ /^mailer-daemon\@/i;
    return 1 if defined $From and $From =~ /^postmaster\@/i;
    return 1 if defined $From and $From eq "";

    # Bulk or junk messages are auto-generated
    return 1 if grep {/^(bulk|junk)/i} $head->get_all("Precedence");

    # Per RFC3834, any Auto-Submitted header which is not "no" means
    # it is auto-generated.
    my $AutoSubmitted = $head->get("Auto-Submitted") || "";
    return 1 if length $AutoSubmitted and $AutoSubmitted ne "no";

    # First Class mailer uses this as a clue.
    my $FCJunk = $head->get("X-FC-Machinegenerated") || "";
    return 1 if $FCJunk =~ /^true/i;

    return 0;
}

=head3 ExtractTicketId

Passed a L<MIME::Entity> object, and returns a either ticket id or undef
to signal 'new ticket'.

This is a great entry point if you need to customize how ticket ids are
handled for your site. L<RT::Extension::RepliesToResolved> demonstrates
one possible use for this extension.

If the Subject of the L<MIME::Entity> is modified, the updated subject
will be used during ticket creation.

=cut

sub ExtractTicketId {
    my $entity = shift;

    my $subject = Encode::decode( "UTF-8", $entity->head->get('Subject') || '' );
    chomp $subject;
    return ParseTicketId( $subject, $entity );
}

=head3 ParseTicketId

Takes a string (the email subject) and searches for [subjecttag #id]

For customizations, the L<MIME::Entity> object is passed as the second
argument.

Returns the id if a match is found.  Otherwise returns undef.

=cut

sub ParseTicketId {
    my $Subject = shift;
    my $Entity = shift;

    my $rtname = RT->Config->Get('rtname');
    my $test_name = RT->Config->Get('EmailSubjectTagRegex') || qr/\Q$rtname\E/i;

    # We use @captures and pull out the last capture value to guard against
    # someone using (...) instead of (?:...) in $EmailSubjectTagRegex.
    my $id;
    if ( my @captures = $Subject =~ m{\[(?:http://)?$test_name\s+\#(\d+)\s*\]}i ) {
        $id = $captures[-1];
    } else {
        foreach my $tag ( RT->System->SubjectTag ) {
            next unless my @captures = $Subject =~ m{\[(?:http://)?\Q$tag\E\s+\#(\d+)\s*\]}i;
            $id = $captures[-1];
            last;
        }
    }
    return undef unless $id;

    $RT::Logger->debug("Found a ticket ID. It's $id");
    return $id;
}

=head3 MailError PARAM HASH

Sends an error message. Takes a param hash:

=over 4

=item From

Sender's address, defaults to L<RT_Config/$CorrespondAddress>;

=item To

Recipient, defaults to L<RT_Config/$OwnerEmail>;

=item Subject

Subject of the message, defaults to C<There has been an error>;

=item Explanation

Main content of the error, default value is C<Unexplained error>;

=item MIMEObj

Optional L<MIME::Entity> that is attached to the error mail.
Additionally, the C<In-Reply-To> header will point to this message.

=item Attach

Optional text that attached to the error as a C<message/rfc822> part.

=item LogLevel

Log level the subject and explanation is written to the log; defaults to
C<critical>.

=back

=cut

sub MailError {
    my %args = (
        To          => RT->Config->Get('OwnerEmail'),
        From        => RT->Config->Get('CorrespondAddress'),
        Subject     => 'There has been an error',
        Explanation => 'Unexplained error',
        MIMEObj     => undef,
        Attach      => undef,
        LogLevel    => 'crit',
        FAILURE     => 0,
        @_
    );

    $RT::Logger->log(
        level   => $args{'LogLevel'},
        message => "$args{Subject}: $args{'Explanation'}",
    ) if $args{'LogLevel'};

    # the colons are necessary to make ->build include non-standard headers
    my %entity_args = (
        Type                    => "multipart/mixed",
        From                    => Encode::encode( "UTF-8", $args{'From'} ),
        To                      => Encode::encode( "UTF-8", $args{'To'} ),
        Subject                 => EncodeToMIME( String => $args{'Subject'} ),
        'X-RT-Loop-Prevention:' => Encode::encode( "UTF-8", RT->Config->Get('rtname') ),
    );

    # only set precedence if the sysadmin wants us to
    if (defined(RT->Config->Get('DefaultErrorMailPrecedence'))) {
        $entity_args{'Precedence:'} =
            Encode::encode( "UTF-8", RT->Config->Get('DefaultErrorMailPrecedence') );
    }

    my $entity = MIME::Entity->build(%entity_args);
    SetInReplyTo( Message => $entity, InReplyTo => $args{'MIMEObj'} );

    $entity->attach(
        Type    => "text/plain",
        Charset => "UTF-8",
        Data    => Encode::encode( "UTF-8", $args{'Explanation'} . "\n" ),
    );

    if ( $args{'MIMEObj'} ) {
        $args{'MIMEObj'}->sync_headers;
        $entity->add_part( $args{'MIMEObj'} );
    }

    if ( $args{'Attach'} ) {
        $entity->attach( Data => Encode::encode( "UTF-8", $args{'Attach'} ), Type => 'message/rfc822' );

    }

    SendEmail( Entity => $entity, Bounce => 1 );

    FAILURE( "$args{Subject}: $args{Explanation}" ) if $args{FAILURE};
}

sub _OutgoingMailFrom {
    my $TicketObj = shift;

    my $MailFrom = RT->Config->Get('SetOutgoingMailFrom');
    my $OutgoingMailAddress = $MailFrom =~ /\@/ ? $MailFrom : undef;
    my $Overrides = RT->Config->Get('OverrideOutgoingMailFrom') || {};

    if ($TicketObj) {
        my $Queue = $TicketObj->QueueObj;
        my $QueueAddressOverride = $Overrides->{$Queue->id}
            || $Overrides->{$Queue->Name};

        if ($QueueAddressOverride) {
            $OutgoingMailAddress = $QueueAddressOverride;
        } else {
            $OutgoingMailAddress ||= $Queue->CorrespondAddress
                || RT->Config->Get('CorrespondAddress');
        }
    }
    elsif ($Overrides->{'Default'}) {
        $OutgoingMailAddress = $Overrides->{'Default'};
    }

    return $OutgoingMailAddress;
}

=head2 SENDING EMAIL

=head3 SendEmail Entity => undef, [ Bounce => 0, Ticket => undef, Transaction => undef ]

Sends an email (passed as a L<MIME::Entity> object C<ENTITY>) using
RT's outgoing mail configuration. If C<BOUNCE> is passed, and is a
true value, the message will be marked as an autogenerated error, if
possible. Sets Date field of the head to now if it's not set.

If the C<X-RT-Squelch> header is set to any true value, the mail will
not be sent. One use is to let extensions easily cancel outgoing mail.

Ticket and Transaction arguments are optional. If Transaction is
specified and Ticket is not then ticket of the transaction is
used, but only if the transaction belongs to a ticket.

Returns 1 on success, 0 on error or -1 if message has no recipients
and hasn't been sent.

=head3 Signing and Encrypting

This function as well signs and/or encrypts the message according to
headers of a transaction's attachment or properties of a ticket's queue.
To get full access to the configuration Ticket and/or Transaction
arguments must be provided, but you can force behaviour using Sign
and/or Encrypt arguments.

The following precedence of arguments are used to figure out if
the message should be encrypted and/or signed:

* if Sign or Encrypt argument is defined then its value is used

* else if Transaction's first attachment has X-RT-Sign or X-RT-Encrypt
header field then it's value is used

* else properties of a queue of the Ticket are used.

=cut

sub SendEmail {
    my (%args) = (
        Entity => undef,
        Bounce => 0,
        Ticket => undef,
        Transaction => undef,
        @_,
    );

    my $TicketObj = $args{'Ticket'};
    my $TransactionObj = $args{'Transaction'};

    unless ( $args{'Entity'} ) {
        $RT::Logger->crit( "Could not send mail without 'Entity' object" );
        return 0;
    }

    my $msgid = Encode::decode( "UTF-8", $args{'Entity'}->head->get('Message-ID') || '' );
    chomp $msgid;

    # If we don't have any recipients to send to, don't send a message;
    unless ( $args{'Entity'}->head->get('To')
        || $args{'Entity'}->head->get('Cc')
        || $args{'Entity'}->head->get('Bcc') )
    {
        $RT::Logger->info( $msgid . " No recipients found. Not sending." );
        return -1;
    }

    if ($args{'Entity'}->head->get('X-RT-Squelch')) {
        $RT::Logger->info( $msgid . " Squelch header found. Not sending." );
        return -1;
    }

    if (my $precedence = RT->Config->Get('DefaultMailPrecedence')
        and !$args{'Entity'}->head->get("Precedence")
    ) {
        if ($TicketObj) {
            my $Overrides = RT->Config->Get('OverrideMailPrecedence') || {};
            my $Queue = $TicketObj->QueueObj;

            $precedence = $Overrides->{$Queue->id}
                if exists $Overrides->{$Queue->id};
            $precedence = $Overrides->{$Queue->Name}
                if exists $Overrides->{$Queue->Name};
        }

        $args{'Entity'}->head->replace( 'Precedence', Encode::encode("UTF-8",$precedence) )
            if $precedence;
    }

    if ( $TransactionObj && !$TicketObj
        && $TransactionObj->ObjectType eq 'RT::Ticket' )
    {
        $TicketObj = $TransactionObj->Object;
    }

    my $head = $args{'Entity'}->head;
    unless ( $head->get('Date') ) {
        require RT::Date;
        my $date = RT::Date->new( RT->SystemUser );
        $date->SetToNow;
        $head->replace( 'Date', Encode::encode("UTF-8",$date->RFC2822( Timezone => 'server' ) ) );
    }
    unless ( $head->get('MIME-Version') ) {
        # We should never have to set the MIME-Version header
        $head->replace( 'MIME-Version', '1.0' );
    }
    unless ( $head->get('Content-Transfer-Encoding') ) {
        # fsck.com #5959: Since RT sends 8bit mail, we should say so.
        $head->replace( 'Content-Transfer-Encoding', '8bit' );
    }

    if ( RT->Config->Get('Crypt')->{'Enable'} ) {
        %args = WillSignEncrypt(
            %args,
            Attachment => $TransactionObj ? $TransactionObj->Attachments->First : undef,
            Ticket     => $TicketObj,
        );
        if ($TicketObj) {
            $args{'Queue'} = $TicketObj->QueueObj;
        }
        my $res = SignEncrypt( %args );
        return $res unless $res > 0;
    }

    my $mail_command = RT->Config->Get('MailCommand');

    # if it is a sub routine, we just return it;
    return $mail_command->($args{'Entity'}) if UNIVERSAL::isa( $mail_command, 'CODE' );

    if ( $mail_command eq 'sendmailpipe' ) {
        my $path = RT->Config->Get('SendmailPath');
        my @args = shellwords(RT->Config->Get('SendmailArguments'));
        push @args, "-t" unless grep {$_ eq "-t"} @args;

        # SetOutgoingMailFrom and bounces conflict, since they both want -f
        if ( $args{'Bounce'} ) {
            push @args, shellwords(RT->Config->Get('SendmailBounceArguments'));
        } elsif ( RT->Config->Get('SetOutgoingMailFrom') ) {
            my $OutgoingMailAddress = _OutgoingMailFrom($TicketObj);

            push @args, "-f", $OutgoingMailAddress
                if $OutgoingMailAddress;
        }

        # VERP
        if ( $TransactionObj and
             my $prefix = RT->Config->Get('VERPPrefix') and
             my $domain = RT->Config->Get('VERPDomain') )
        {
            my $from = $TransactionObj->CreatorObj->EmailAddress;
            $from =~ s/@/=/g;
            $from =~ s/\s//g;
            push @args, "-f", "$prefix$from\@$domain";
        }

        eval {
            # don't ignore CHLD signal to get proper exit code
            local $SIG{'CHLD'} = 'DEFAULT';

            # if something wrong with $mail->print we will get PIPE signal, handle it
            local $SIG{'PIPE'} = sub { die "program unexpectedly closed pipe" };

            require IPC::Open2;
            my ($mail, $stdout);
            my $pid = IPC::Open2::open2( $stdout, $mail, $path, @args )
                or die "couldn't execute program: $!";

            $args{'Entity'}->print($mail);
            close $mail or die "close pipe failed: $!";

            waitpid($pid, 0);
            if ($?) {
                # sendmail exit statuses mostly errors with data not software
                # TODO: status parsing: core dump, exit on signal or EX_*
                my $msg = "$msgid: `$path @args` exited with code ". ($?>>8);
                $msg = ", interrupted by signal ". ($?&127) if $?&127;
                $RT::Logger->error( $msg );
                die $msg;
            }
        };
        if ( $@ ) {
            $RT::Logger->crit( "$msgid: Could not send mail with command `$path @args`: " . $@ );
            if ( $TicketObj ) {
                _RecordSendEmailFailure( $TicketObj );
            }
            return 0;
        }
    } elsif ( $mail_command eq 'mbox' ) {
        my $now = RT::Date->new(RT->SystemUser);
        $now->SetToNow;

        state $logfile;
        unless ($logfile) {
            my $when = $now->ISO( Timezone => "server" );
            $when =~ s/\s+/-/g;
            $logfile = "$RT::VarPath/$when.mbox";
            $RT::Logger->info("Storing outgoing emails in $logfile");
        }
        my $fh;
        unless (open($fh, ">>", $logfile)) {
            $RT::Logger->crit( "Can't open mbox file $logfile: $!" );
            return 0;
        }
        my $content = $args{Entity}->stringify;
        $content =~ s/^(>*From )/>$1/mg;
        my $user = $ENV{USER} || getpwuid($<);
        print $fh "From $user\@localhost  ".localtime()."\n";
        print $fh $content, "\n";
        close $fh;
    } else {
        local ($ENV{'MAILADDRESS'}, $ENV{'PERL_MAILERS'});

        my @mailer_args = ($mail_command);
        if ( $mail_command eq 'sendmail' ) {
            $ENV{'PERL_MAILERS'} = RT->Config->Get('SendmailPath');
            push @mailer_args, grep {$_ ne "-t"}
                split(/\s+/, RT->Config->Get('SendmailArguments'));
        } elsif ( $mail_command eq 'testfile' ) {
            unless ($Mail::Mailer::testfile::config{outfile}) {
                $Mail::Mailer::testfile::config{outfile} = File::Temp->new;
                $RT::Logger->info("Storing outgoing emails in $Mail::Mailer::testfile::config{outfile}");
            }
        } else {
            push @mailer_args, RT->Config->Get('MailParams');
        }

        unless ( $args{'Entity'}->send( @mailer_args ) ) {
            $RT::Logger->crit( "$msgid: Could not send mail." );
            if ( $TicketObj ) {
                _RecordSendEmailFailure( $TicketObj );
            }
            return 0;
        }
    }
    return 1;
}

=head3 PrepareEmailUsingTemplate Template => '', Arguments => {}

Loads a template. Parses it using arguments if it's not empty.
Returns a tuple (L<RT::Template> object, error message).

Note that even if a template object is returned MIMEObj method
may return undef for empty templates.

=cut

sub PrepareEmailUsingTemplate {
    my %args = (
        Template => '',
        Arguments => {},
        @_
    );

    my $template = RT::Template->new( RT->SystemUser );
    $template->LoadGlobalTemplate( $args{'Template'} );
    unless ( $template->id ) {
        return (undef, "Couldn't load template '". $args{'Template'} ."'");
    }
    return $template if $template->IsEmpty;

    my ($status, $msg) = $template->Parse( %{ $args{'Arguments'} } );
    return (undef, $msg) unless $status;

    return $template;
}

=head3 SendEmailUsingTemplate Template => '', Arguments => {}, From => CorrespondAddress, To => '', Cc => '', Bcc => ''

Sends email using a template, takes name of template, arguments for it and recipients.

=cut

sub SendEmailUsingTemplate {
    my %args = (
        Template => '',
        Arguments => {},
        To => undef,
        Cc => undef,
        Bcc => undef,
        From => RT->Config->Get('CorrespondAddress'),
        InReplyTo => undef,
        ExtraHeaders => {},
        @_
    );

    my ($template, $msg) = PrepareEmailUsingTemplate( %args );
    return (0, $msg) unless $template;

    my $mail = $template->MIMEObj;
    unless ( $mail ) {
        $RT::Logger->info("Message is not sent as template #". $template->id ." is empty");
        return -1;
    }

    $mail->head->replace( $_ => Encode::encode( "UTF-8", $args{ $_ } ) )
        foreach grep defined $args{$_}, qw(To Cc Bcc From);

    $mail->head->replace( $_ => Encode::encode( "UTF-8", $args{ExtraHeaders}{$_} ) )
        foreach keys %{ $args{ExtraHeaders} };

    SetInReplyTo( Message => $mail, InReplyTo => $args{'InReplyTo'} );

    return SendEmail( Entity => $mail );
}

=head3 GetForwardFrom Ticket => undef, Transaction => undef

Resolve the From field to use in forward mail

=cut

sub GetForwardFrom {
    my %args   = ( Ticket => undef, Transaction => undef, @_ );
    my $txn    = $args{Transaction};
    my $ticket = $args{Ticket} || $txn->Object;

    if ( RT->Config->Get('ForwardFromUser') ) {
        return ( $txn || $ticket )->CurrentUser->EmailAddress;
    }
    else {
        return $ticket->QueueObj->CorrespondAddress
          || RT->Config->Get('CorrespondAddress');
    }
}

=head3 GetForwardAttachments Ticket => undef, Transaction => undef

Resolve the Attachments to forward

=cut

sub GetForwardAttachments {
    my %args   = ( Ticket => undef, Transaction => undef, @_ );
    my $txn    = $args{Transaction};
    my $ticket = $args{Ticket} || $txn->Object;

    my $attachments = RT::Attachments->new( $ticket->CurrentUser );
    if ($txn) {
        $attachments->Limit( FIELD => 'TransactionId', VALUE => $txn->id );
    }
    else {
        $attachments->LimitByTicket( $ticket->id );
        $attachments->Limit(
            ALIAS         => $attachments->TransactionAlias,
            FIELD         => 'Type',
            OPERATOR      => 'IN',
            VALUE         => [ qw(Create Correspond) ],
        );
    }
    return $attachments;
}

sub WillSignEncrypt {
    my %args = @_;
    my $attachment = delete $args{Attachment};
    my $ticket     = delete $args{Ticket};

    if ( not RT->Config->Get('Crypt')->{'Enable'} ) {
        $args{Sign} = $args{Encrypt} = 0;
        return wantarray ? %args : 0;
    }

    for my $argument ( qw(Sign Encrypt) ) {
        next if defined $args{ $argument };

        if ( $attachment and defined $attachment->GetHeader("X-RT-$argument") ) {
            $args{$argument} = $attachment->GetHeader("X-RT-$argument");
        } elsif ( $ticket and $argument eq "Encrypt" ) {
            $args{Encrypt} = $ticket->QueueObj->Encrypt();
        } elsif ( $ticket and $argument eq "Sign" ) {
            # Note that $queue->Sign is UI-only, and that all
            # UI-generated messages explicitly set the X-RT-Crypt header
            # to 0 or 1; thus this path is only taken for messages
            # generated _not_ via the web UI.
            $args{Sign} = $ticket->QueueObj->SignAuto();
        }
    }

    return wantarray ? %args : ($args{Sign} || $args{Encrypt});
}

=head3 SignEncrypt Entity => undef, Sign => 0, Encrypt => 0

Signs and encrypts message using L<RT::Crypt>, but as well handle errors
with users' keys.

If a recipient has no key or has other problems with it, then the
unction sends a error to him using 'Error: public key' template.
Also, notifies RT's owner using template 'Error to RT owner: public key'
to inform that there are problems with users' keys. Then we filter
all bad recipients and retry.

Returns 1 on success, 0 on error and -1 if all recipients are bad and
had been filtered out.

=cut

sub SignEncrypt {
    my %args = (
        Entity => undef,
        Sign => 0,
        Encrypt => 0,
        @_
    );
    return 1 unless $args{'Sign'} || $args{'Encrypt'};

    my $msgid = Encode::decode( "UTF-8", $args{'Entity'}->head->get('Message-ID') || '' );
    chomp $msgid;

    $RT::Logger->debug("$msgid Signing message") if $args{'Sign'};
    $RT::Logger->debug("$msgid Encrypting message") if $args{'Encrypt'};

    my %res = RT::Crypt->SignEncrypt( %args );
    return 1 unless $res{'exit_code'};

    my @status = RT::Crypt->ParseStatus(
        Protocol => $res{'Protocol'}, Status => $res{'status'},
    );

    my @bad_recipients;
    foreach my $line ( @status ) {
        # if the passphrase fails, either you have a bad passphrase
        # or gpg-agent has died.  That should get caught in Create and
        # Update, but at least throw an error here
        if (($line->{'Operation'}||'') eq 'PassphraseCheck'
            && $line->{'Status'} =~ /^(?:BAD|MISSING)$/ ) {
            $RT::Logger->error( "$line->{'Status'} PASSPHRASE: $line->{'Message'}" );
            return 0;
        }
        next unless ($line->{'Operation'}||'') eq 'RecipientsCheck';
        next if $line->{'Status'} eq 'DONE';
        $RT::Logger->error( $line->{'Message'} );
        push @bad_recipients, $line;
    }
    return 0 unless @bad_recipients;

    $_->{'AddressObj'} = (Email::Address->parse( $_->{'Recipient'} ))[0]
        foreach @bad_recipients;

    foreach my $recipient ( @bad_recipients ) {
        my $status = SendEmailUsingTemplate(
            To        => $recipient->{'AddressObj'}->address,
            Template  => 'Error: public key',
            Arguments => {
                %$recipient,
                TicketObj      => $args{'Ticket'},
                TransactionObj => $args{'Transaction'},
            },
        );
        unless ( $status ) {
            $RT::Logger->error("Couldn't send 'Error: public key'");
        }
    }

    my $status = SendEmailUsingTemplate(
        To        => RT->Config->Get('OwnerEmail'),
        Template  => 'Error to RT owner: public key',
        Arguments => {
            BadRecipients  => \@bad_recipients,
            TicketObj      => $args{'Ticket'},
            TransactionObj => $args{'Transaction'},
        },
    );
    unless ( $status ) {
        $RT::Logger->error("Couldn't send 'Error to RT owner: public key'");
    }

    DeleteRecipientsFromHead(
        $args{'Entity'}->head,
        map $_->{'AddressObj'}->address, @bad_recipients
    );

    unless ( $args{'Entity'}->head->get('To')
          || $args{'Entity'}->head->get('Cc')
          || $args{'Entity'}->head->get('Bcc') )
    {
        $RT::Logger->debug("$msgid No recipients that have public key, not sending");
        return -1;
    }

    # redo without broken recipients
    %res = RT::Crypt->SignEncrypt( %args );
    return 0 if $res{'exit_code'};

    return 1;
}

=head3 DeleteRecipientsFromHead HEAD RECIPIENTS

Gets a head object and list of addresses.
Deletes addresses from To, Cc or Bcc fields.

=cut

sub DeleteRecipientsFromHead {
    my $head = shift;
    my %skip = map { lc $_ => 1 } @_;

    foreach my $field ( qw(To Cc Bcc) ) {
        $head->replace( $field => Encode::encode( "UTF-8",
            join ', ', map $_->format, grep !$skip{ lc $_->address },
                Email::Address->parse( Encode::decode( "UTF-8", $head->get( $field ) ) ) )
        );
    }
}

=head3 EncodeToMIME

Takes a hash with a String and a Charset. Returns the string encoded
according to RFC2047, using B (base64 based) encoding.

String must be a perl string, octets are returned.

If Charset is not provided then $EmailOutputEncoding config option
is used, or "latin-1" if that is not set.

=cut

sub EncodeToMIME {
    my %args = (
        String => undef,
        Charset  => undef,
        @_
    );
    my $value = $args{'String'};
    return $value unless $value; # 0 is perfect ascii
    my $charset  = $args{'Charset'} || RT->Config->Get('EmailOutputEncoding');
    my $encoding = 'B';

    # using RFC2047 notation, sec 2.
    # encoded-word = "=?" charset "?" encoding "?" encoded-text "?="

    # An 'encoded-word' may not be more than 75 characters long
    #
    # MIME encoding increases 4/3*(number of bytes), and always in multiples
    # of 4. Thus we have to find the best available value of bytes available
    # for each chunk.
    #
    # First we get the integer max which max*4/3 would fit on space.
    # Then we find the greater multiple of 3 lower or equal than $max.
    my $max = int(
        (   ( 75 - length( '=?' . $charset . '?' . $encoding . '?' . '?=' ) )
            * 3
        ) / 4
    );
    $max = int( $max / 3 ) * 3;

    chomp $value;

    if ( $max <= 0 ) {

        # gives an error...
        $RT::Logger->crit("Can't encode! Charset or encoding too big.");
        return ($value);
    }

    return ($value) if $value =~ /^(?:[\t\x20-\x7e]|\x0D*\x0A[ \t])+$/s;

    $value =~ s/\s+$//;

    my ( $tmp, @chunks ) = ( '', () );
    while ( length $value ) {
        my $char = substr( $value, 0, 1, '' );
        my $octets = Encode::encode( $charset, $char );
        if ( length($tmp) + length($octets) > $max ) {
            push @chunks, $tmp;
            $tmp = '';
        }
        $tmp .= $octets;
    }
    push @chunks, $tmp if length $tmp;

    # encode an join chuncks
    $value = join "\n ",
        map MIME::Words::encode_mimeword( $_, $encoding, $charset ),
        @chunks;
    return ($value);
}

sub GenMessageId {
    my %args = (
        Ticket      => undef,
        Scrip       => undef,
        ScripAction => undef,
        @_
    );
    my $org = RT->Config->Get('Organization');
    my $ticket_id = ( ref $args{'Ticket'}? $args{'Ticket'}->id : $args{'Ticket'} ) || 0;
    my $scrip_id = ( ref $args{'Scrip'}? $args{'Scrip'}->id : $args{'Scrip'} ) || 0;
    my $sent = ( ref $args{'ScripAction'}? $args{'ScripAction'}->{'_Message_ID'} : 0 ) || 0;

    return "<rt-". $RT::VERSION ."-". $$ ."-". CORE::time() ."-". int(rand(2000)) .'.'
        . $ticket_id ."-". $scrip_id ."-". $sent ."@". $org .">" ;
}

sub SetInReplyTo {
    my %args = (
        Message   => undef,
        InReplyTo => undef,
        Ticket    => undef,
        @_
    );
    return unless $args{'Message'} && $args{'InReplyTo'};

    my $get_header = sub {
        my @res;
        if ( $args{'InReplyTo'}->isa('MIME::Entity') ) {
            @res = map {Encode::decode("UTF-8", $_)} $args{'InReplyTo'}->head->get( shift );
        } else {
            @res = $args{'InReplyTo'}->GetHeader( shift ) || '';
        }
        return grep length, map { split /\s+/m, $_ } grep defined, @res;
    };

    my @id = $get_header->('Message-ID');
    #XXX: custom header should begin with X- otherwise is violation of the standard
    my @rtid = $get_header->('RT-Message-ID');
    my @references = $get_header->('References');
    unless ( @references ) {
        @references = $get_header->('In-Reply-To');
    }
    push @references, @id, @rtid;
    if ( $args{'Ticket'} ) {
        my $pseudo_ref = PseudoReference( $args{'Ticket'} );
        push @references, $pseudo_ref unless grep $_ eq $pseudo_ref, @references;
    }
    splice @references, 4, -6
        if @references > 10;

    my $mail = $args{'Message'};
    $mail->head->replace( 'In-Reply-To' => Encode::encode( "UTF-8", join ' ', @rtid? (@rtid) : (@id)) ) if @id || @rtid;
    $mail->head->replace( 'References' => Encode::encode( "UTF-8", join ' ', @references) );
}

sub PseudoReference {
    my $ticket = shift;
    return '<RT-Ticket-'. $ticket->id .'@'. RT->Config->Get('Organization') .'>';
}


sub AddSubjectTag {
    my $subject = shift;
    my $ticket  = shift;
    unless ( ref $ticket ) {
        my $tmp = RT::Ticket->new( RT->SystemUser );
        $tmp->Load( $ticket );
        $ticket = $tmp;
    }
    my $id = $ticket->id;
    my $queue_tag = $ticket->QueueObj->SubjectTag;

    my $tag_re = RT->Config->Get('EmailSubjectTagRegex');
    unless ( $tag_re ) {
        my $tag = $queue_tag || RT->Config->Get('rtname');
        $tag_re = qr/\Q$tag\E/;
    } elsif ( $queue_tag ) {
        $tag_re = qr/$tag_re|\Q$queue_tag\E/;
    }
    return $subject if $subject =~ /\[$tag_re\s+#$id\]/;

    $subject =~ s/(\r\n|\n|\s)/ /g;
    chomp $subject;
    return "[". ($queue_tag || RT->Config->Get('rtname')) ." #$id] $subject";
}

sub _RecordSendEmailFailure {
    my $ticket = shift;
    if ($ticket) {
        $ticket->_NewTransaction(
            Type => "SystemError",
            Data => "Sending the previous mail has failed.  Please contact your admin, they can find more details in the logs.", #loc
            ActivateScrips => 0,
        );
        return 1;
    }
    else {
        $RT::Logger->error( "Can't record send email failure as ticket is missing" );
        return;
    }
}

=head3 ConvertHTMLToText HTML

Takes HTML characters and converts it to plain text characters.
Appropriate for generating a plain text part from an HTML part of an
email.  Returns undef if conversion fails.

=cut

sub ConvertHTMLToText {
    return _HTMLFormatter()->(@_);
}

sub _HTMLFormatter {
    state $formatter;
    return $formatter if defined $formatter;

    my $wanted = RT->Config->Get("HTMLFormatter");

    my @order;
    if ($wanted) {
        @order = ($wanted, "core");
    } else {
        @order = ("w3m", "elinks", "links", "html2text", "lynx", "core");
    }
    # Always fall back to core, even if it is not listed
    for my $prog (@order) {
        if ($prog eq "core") {
            RT->Logger->debug("Using internal Perl HTML -> text conversion");
            require HTML::FormatText::WithLinks::AndTables;
            $formatter = \&_HTMLFormatText;
        } else {
            unless (HTML::FormatExternal->require) {
                RT->Logger->warn("HTML::FormatExternal is not installed; falling back to internal perl formatter")
                    if $wanted;
                next;
            }

            my $path = $prog =~ s{(.*/)}{} ? $1 : undef;
            my $package = "HTML::FormatText::" . ucfirst($prog);
            unless ($package->require) {
                RT->Logger->warn("$prog is not a valid formatter provided by HTML::FormatExternal")
                    if $wanted;
                next;
            }

            if ($path) {
                local $ENV{PATH} = $path;
                local $ENV{HOME} = File::Spec->tmpdir();
                if (not defined $package->program_version) {
                    RT->Logger->warn("Could not find or run external '$prog' HTML formatter in $path$prog")
                        if $wanted;
                    next;
                }
            } else {
                local $ENV{PATH} = '/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin'
                    unless defined $ENV{PATH};
                local $ENV{HOME} = File::Spec->tmpdir();
                if (not defined $package->program_version) {
                    RT->Logger->warn("Could not find or run external '$prog' HTML formatter in \$PATH ($ENV{PATH}) -- you may need to install it or provide the full path")
                        if $wanted;
                    next;
                }
            }

            RT->Logger->debug("Using $prog for HTML -> text conversion");
            $formatter = sub {
                my $html = shift;
                my $text = RT::Util::safe_run_child {
                    local $ENV{PATH} = $path || $ENV{PATH}
                        || '/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin';
                    local $ENV{HOME} = File::Spec->tmpdir();
                    $package->format_string(
                        Encode::encode( "UTF-8", $html ),
                        input_charset => "UTF-8",
                        output_charset => "UTF-8",
                        leftmargin => 0, rightmargin => 78
                    );
                };
                $text = Encode::decode( "UTF-8", $text );
                return $text;
            };
        }
        RT->Config->Set( HTMLFormatter => $prog );
        last;
    }
    return $formatter;
}

sub _HTMLFormatText {
    my $html = shift;

    my $text;
    eval {
        $text = HTML::FormatText::WithLinks::AndTables->convert(
            $html => {
                leftmargin      => 0,
                rightmargin     => 78,
                no_rowspacing   => 1,
                before_link     => '',
                after_link      => ' (%l)',
                footnote        => '',
                skip_linked_urls => 1,
                with_emphasis   => 0,
            }
        );
        $text //= '';
    };
    $RT::Logger->error("Failed to downgrade HTML to plain text: $@") if $@;
    return $text;
}


RT::Base->_ImportOverlays();

1;