xref: /dragonfly/bin/ps/print.c (revision 1bf4b486) 
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993, 1994
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
14  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
15  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
16  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
17  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19  *    without specific prior written permission.
20  *
21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
32  *
33  * @(#)print.c	8.6 (Berkeley) 4/16/94
34  * $FreeBSD: src/bin/ps/print.c,v 1.36.2.4 2002/11/30 13:00:14 tjr Exp $
35  * $DragonFly: src/bin/ps/print.c,v 1.22 2005/06/29 01:25:10 dillon Exp $
36  */
37 
38 #include <sys/param.h>
39 #include <sys/time.h>
40 #include <sys/resource.h>
41 #include <sys/stat.h>
42 
43 #include <sys/ucred.h>
44 #include <sys/user.h>
45 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
46 #include <sys/rtprio.h>
47 #include <vm/vm.h>
48 
49 #include <err.h>
50 #include <langinfo.h>
51 #include <locale.h>
52 #include <math.h>
53 #include <nlist.h>
54 #include <stddef.h>
55 #include <stdio.h>
56 #include <stdlib.h>
57 #include <unistd.h>
58 #include <string.h>
59 #include <vis.h>
60 
61 #include "ps.h"
62 
63 static const char *make_printable(const char *str);
64 
65 void
66 printheader(void)
67 {
68 	const VAR *v;
69 	struct varent *vent;
70 	int allempty;
71 
72 	allempty = 1;
73 	STAILQ_FOREACH(vent, &var_head, link) {
74 		if (*vent->header != '\0') {
75 			allempty = 0;
76 			break;
77 		}
78 	}
79 	if (allempty)
80 		return;
81 	STAILQ_FOREACH(vent, &var_head, link) {
82 		v = vent->var;
83 		if (v->flag & LJUST) {
84 			if (STAILQ_NEXT(vent, link) == NULL)	/* last one */
85 				printf("%s", vent->header);
86 			else
87 				printf("%-*s", vent->width, vent->header);
88 		} else
89 			printf("%*s", vent->width, vent->header);
90 		if (STAILQ_NEXT(vent, link) != NULL)
91 			putchar(' ');
92 	}
93 	putchar('\n');
94 }
95 
96 void
97 command(const KINFO *k, const struct varent *vent)
98 {
99 	const VAR *v;
100 	int left;
101 	char *cp, *vis_env, *vis_args;
102 
103 	v = vent->var;
104 
105 	if (cflag) {
106 		/* Don't pad the last field. */
107 		if (STAILQ_NEXT(vent, link) == NULL)
108 			printf("%s", make_printable(KI_THREAD(k)->td_comm));
109 		else
110 			printf("%-*s", vent->width,
111 				make_printable(KI_THREAD(k)->td_comm));
112 		return;
113 	}
114 
115 	if ((vis_args = malloc(strlen(k->ki_args) * 4 + 1)) == NULL)
116 		err(1, NULL);
117 	strvis(vis_args, k->ki_args, VIS_TAB | VIS_NL | VIS_NOSLASH);
118 	if (k->ki_env) {
119 		if ((vis_env = malloc(strlen(k->ki_env) * 4 + 1)) == NULL)
120 			err(1, NULL);
121 		strvis(vis_env, k->ki_env, VIS_TAB | VIS_NL | VIS_NOSLASH);
122 	} else
123 		vis_env = NULL;
124 
125 	if (STAILQ_NEXT(vent, link) == NULL) {
126 		/* last field */
127 		if (termwidth == UNLIMITED) {
128 			if (vis_env)
129 				printf("%s ", vis_env);
130 			printf("%s", vis_args);
131 		} else {
132 			left = termwidth - (totwidth - vent->width);
133 			if (left < 1) /* already wrapped, just use std width */
134 				left = vent->width;
135 			if ((cp = vis_env) != NULL) {
136 				while (--left >= 0 && *cp)
137 					putchar(*cp++);
138 				if (--left >= 0)
139 					putchar(' ');
140 			}
141 			for (cp = vis_args; --left >= 0 && *cp != '\0';)
142 				putchar(*cp++);
143 		}
144 	} else
145 		/* XXX env? */
146 		printf("%-*.*s", vent->width, vent->width, vis_args);
147 	free(vis_args);
148 	if (vis_env != NULL)
149 		free(vis_env);
150 }
151 
152 void
153 ucomm(const KINFO *k, const struct varent *vent)
154 {
155 	printf("%-*s", vent->width, make_printable(KI_THREAD(k)->td_comm));
156 }
157 
158 void
159 logname(const KINFO *k, const struct varent *vent)
160 {
161 	const char *s = KI_EPROC(k)->e_login;
162 
163 	printf("%-*s", vent->width, *s != '\0' ? s : "-");
164 }
165 
166 void
167 state(const KINFO *k, const struct varent *vent)
168 {
169 	struct proc *p;
170 	int flag;
171 	char *cp;
172 	char buf[16];
173 
174 	p = KI_PROC(k);
175 	flag = p->p_flag;
176 	cp = buf;
177 
178 	switch (p->p_stat) {
179 
180 	case SSTOP:
181 		*cp = 'T';
182 		break;
183 
184 	case SSLEEP:
185 		if (flag & P_SINTR)	/* interruptable (long) */
186 			*cp = p->p_slptime >= MAXSLP ? 'I' : 'S';
187 		else if (KI_THREAD(k)->td_flags & TDF_SINTR)
188 			*cp = 'S';
189 		else
190 			*cp = 'D';
191 		break;
192 
193 	case SRUN:
194 	case SIDL:
195 		*cp = 'R';
196 		if (KI_THREAD(k)->td_flags & TDF_RUNNING) {
197 		    ++cp;
198 		    sprintf(cp, "%d", KI_EPROC(k)->e_cpuid);
199 		    while (cp[1])
200 			++cp;
201 		}
202 		break;
203 
204 	case SZOMB:
205 		*cp = 'Z';
206 		break;
207 
208 	default:
209 		*cp = '?';
210 	}
211 	cp++;
212 	if (!(flag & P_INMEM))
213 		*cp++ = 'W';
214 	if (p->p_nice < NZERO)
215 		*cp++ = '<';
216 	else if (p->p_nice > NZERO)
217 		*cp++ = 'N';
218 	if (flag & P_TRACED)
219 		*cp++ = 'X';
220 	if (flag & P_WEXIT && p->p_stat != SZOMB)
221 		*cp++ = 'E';
222 	if (flag & P_PPWAIT)
223 		*cp++ = 'V';
224 	if ((flag & P_SYSTEM) || p->p_lock > 0)
225 		*cp++ = 'L';
226 	if (numcpus > 1 && KI_THREAD(k)->td_mpcount_unused == 0)
227 		*cp++ = 'M';
228 	if (flag & P_JAILED)
229 		*cp++ = 'J';
230 	if (KI_EPROC(k)->e_flag & EPROC_SLEADER)
231 		*cp++ = 's';
232 	if ((flag & P_CONTROLT) && KI_EPROC(k)->e_pgid == KI_EPROC(k)->e_tpgid)
233 		*cp++ = '+';
234 	*cp = '\0';
235 	printf("%-*s", vent->width, buf);
236 }
237 
238 /*
239  * Normalized priority (lower is better).  For pure threads
240  * output a negated LWKT priority (so lower still means better).
241  *
242  * XXX bsd4 scheduler specific.
243  */
244 void
245 pri(const KINFO *k, const struct varent *vent)
246 {
247 	if (KI_THREAD(k)->td_proc)
248 	    printf("%*d", vent->width, KI_PROC(k)->p_usdata.bsd4.priority);
249 	else
250 	    printf("%*d", vent->width, -(KI_THREAD(k)->td_pri & TDPRI_MASK));
251 }
252 
253 void
254 tdpri(const KINFO *k, const struct varent *vent)
255 {
256 	char buf[32];
257 	int val = KI_THREAD(k)->td_pri;
258 
259 	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d/%d", val & TDPRI_MASK, val / TDPRI_CRIT);
260 	printf("%*s", vent->width, buf);
261 }
262 
263 void
264 uname(const KINFO *k, const struct varent *vent)
265 {
266 	printf("%-*s", vent->width,
267 	       user_from_uid(KI_EPROC(k)->e_ucred.cr_uid, 0));
268 }
269 
270 int
271 s_uname(const KINFO *k)
272 {
273 	return (strlen(user_from_uid(KI_EPROC(k)->e_ucred.cr_uid, 0)));
274 }
275 
276 void
277 runame(const KINFO *k, const struct varent *vent)
278 {
279 	printf("%-*s", vent->width,
280 	       user_from_uid(KI_EPROC(k)->e_ucred.cr_ruid, 0));
281 }
282 
283 int
284 s_runame(const KINFO *k)
285 {
286 	return (strlen(user_from_uid(KI_EPROC(k)->e_ucred.cr_ruid, 0)));
287 }
288 
289 void
290 tdev(const KINFO *k, const struct varent *vent)
291 {
292 	dev_t dev;
293 	char buff[16];
294 
295 	dev = KI_EPROC(k)->e_tdev;
296 	if (dev == NODEV)
297 		printf("%*s", vent->width, "??");
298 	else {
299 		snprintf(buff, sizeof(buff), "%d/%d", major(dev), minor(dev));
300 		printf("%*s", vent->width, buff);
301 	}
302 }
303 
304 void
305 tname(const KINFO *k, const struct varent *vent)
306 {
307 	dev_t dev;
308 	const char *ttname;
309 
310 	dev = KI_EPROC(k)->e_tdev;
311 	if (dev == NODEV || (ttname = devname(dev, S_IFCHR)) == NULL)
312 		printf("%*s ", vent->width-1, "??");
313 	else {
314 		if (strncmp(ttname, "tty", 3) == 0 ||
315 		    strncmp(ttname, "cua", 3) == 0)
316 			ttname += 3;
317 		printf("%*.*s%c", vent->width-1, vent->width-1, ttname,
318 			KI_EPROC(k)->e_flag & EPROC_CTTY ? ' ' : '-');
319 	}
320 }
321 
322 void
323 longtname(const KINFO *k, const struct varent *vent)
324 {
325 	dev_t dev;
326 	const char *ttname;
327 
328 	dev = KI_EPROC(k)->e_tdev;
329 	if (dev == NODEV || (ttname = devname(dev, S_IFCHR)) == NULL)
330 		printf("%-*s", vent->width, "??");
331 	else
332 		printf("%-*s", vent->width, ttname);
333 }
334 
335 void
336 started(const KINFO *k, const struct varent *vent)
337 {
338 	static time_t now;
339 	time_t then;
340 	struct tm *tp;
341 	char buf[100];
342 	static int  use_ampm = -1;
343 
344 	if (!k->ki_u.u_valid) {
345 		printf("%-*s", vent->width, "-");
346 		return;
347 	}
348 
349 	if (use_ampm < 0)
350 		use_ampm = (*nl_langinfo(T_FMT_AMPM) != '\0');
351 
352 	if (KI_THREAD(k)->td_proc != NULL) {
353 		then = k->ki_u.u_start.tv_sec;
354 	} else {
355 		then = KI_THREAD(k)->td_start.tv_sec;
356 		if (then < btime.tv_sec) {
357 			then = btime.tv_sec;
358 		}
359 	}
360 
361 	tp = localtime(&then);
362 	if (!now)
363 		time(&now);
364 	if (now - k->ki_u.u_start.tv_sec < 24 * 3600) {
365 		strftime(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1,
366 		use_ampm ? "%l:%M%p" : "%k:%M  ", tp);
367 	} else if (now - k->ki_u.u_start.tv_sec < 7 * 86400) {
368 		strftime(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1,
369 		use_ampm ? "%a%I%p" : "%a%H  ", tp);
370 	} else
371 		strftime(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "%e%b%y", tp);
372 	printf("%-*s", vent->width, buf);
373 }
374 
375 void
376 lstarted(const KINFO *k, const struct varent *vent)
377 {
378 	time_t then;
379 	char buf[100];
380 
381 	if (!k->ki_u.u_valid) {
382 		printf("%-*s", vent->width, "-");
383 		return;
384 	}
385 	then = k->ki_u.u_start.tv_sec;
386 	strftime(buf, sizeof(buf) -1, "%c", localtime(&then));
387 	printf("%-*s", vent->width, buf);
388 }
389 
390 void
391 wchan(const KINFO *k, const struct varent *vent)
392 {
393 	if (KI_THREAD(k)->td_wchan) {
394 		if (KI_THREAD(k)->td_wmesg)
395 			printf("%-*.*s", vent->width, vent->width,
396 			       KI_EPROC(k)->e_wmesg);
397 		else
398 			printf("%-*lx", vent->width,
399 			       (long)KI_THREAD(k)->td_wchan);
400 	} else
401 		printf("%-*s", vent->width, "-");
402 }
403 
404 #ifndef pgtok
405 #define pgtok(a)        (((a)*getpagesize())/1024)
406 #endif
407 
408 void
409 vsize(const KINFO *k, const struct varent *vent)
410 {
411 	printf("%*d", vent->width, (KI_EPROC(k)->e_vm.vm_map.size/1024));
412 }
413 
414 void
415 rssize(const KINFO *k, const struct varent *vent)
416 {
417 	/* XXX don't have info about shared */
418 	printf("%*lu", vent->width, (u_long)pgtok(KI_EPROC(k)->e_vm.vm_rssize));
419 }
420 
421 void
422 p_rssize(const KINFO *k, const struct varent *vent)	/* doesn't account for text */
423 {
424 	printf("%*ld", vent->width, (long)pgtok(KI_EPROC(k)->e_vm.vm_rssize));
425 }
426 
427 void
428 cputime(const KINFO *k, const struct varent *vent)
429 {
430 	long secs;
431 	long psecs;	/* "parts" of a second. first micro, then centi */
432 	char obuff[128];
433 	static char decimal_point = '\0';
434 
435 	if (decimal_point == '\0')
436 		decimal_point = localeconv()->decimal_point[0];
437 
438 	if (KI_PROC(k)->p_stat == SZOMB || !k->ki_u.u_valid) {
439 		secs = 0;
440 		psecs = 0;
441 	} else {
442 		u_int64_t timeus;
443 
444 		/*
445 		 * This counts time spent handling interrupts.  We could
446 		 * fix this, but it is not 100% trivial (and interrupt
447 		 * time fractions only work on the sparc anyway).	XXX
448 		 */
449 		timeus = KI_EPROC(k)->e_uticks + KI_EPROC(k)->e_sticks +
450 			KI_EPROC(k)->e_iticks;
451 		secs = timeus / 1000000;
452 		psecs = timeus % 1000000;
453 		if (sumrusage) {
454 			secs += k->ki_u.u_cru.ru_utime.tv_sec +
455 				k->ki_u.u_cru.ru_stime.tv_sec;
456 			psecs += k->ki_u.u_cru.ru_utime.tv_usec +
457 				k->ki_u.u_cru.ru_stime.tv_usec;
458 		}
459 		/*
460 		 * round and scale to 100's
461 		 */
462 		psecs = (psecs + 5000) / 10000;
463 		secs += psecs / 100;
464 		psecs = psecs % 100;
465 	}
466 	snprintf(obuff, sizeof(obuff),
467 	    "%3ld:%02ld%c%02ld", secs/60, secs%60, decimal_point, psecs);
468 	printf("%*s", vent->width, obuff);
469 }
470 
471 double
472 getpcpu(const KINFO *k)
473 {
474 	const struct proc *p;
475 	static int failure;
476 
477 	if (!nlistread)
478 		failure = donlist();
479 	if (failure)
480 		return (0.0);
481 
482 	p = KI_PROC(k);
483 #define	fxtofl(fixpt)	((double)(fixpt) / fscale)
484 
485 	/* XXX - I don't like this */
486 	if (p->p_swtime == 0 || (p->p_flag & P_INMEM) == 0)
487 		return (0.0);
488 	if (rawcpu)
489 		return (100.0 * fxtofl(p->p_pctcpu));
490 	return (100.0 * fxtofl(p->p_pctcpu) /
491 		(1.0 - exp(p->p_swtime * log(fxtofl(ccpu)))));
492 }
493 
494 void
495 pcpu(const KINFO *k, const struct varent *vent)
496 {
497 	printf("%*.1f", vent->width, getpcpu(k));
498 }
499 
500 void
501 pnice(const KINFO *k, const struct varent *vent)
502 {
503 	int niceval;
504 
505 	switch (KI_PROC(k)->p_rtprio.type) {
506 	case RTP_PRIO_REALTIME:
507 		niceval = PRIO_MIN - 1 - RTP_PRIO_MAX + KI_PROC(k)->p_rtprio.prio;
508 		break;
509 	case RTP_PRIO_IDLE:
510 		niceval = PRIO_MAX + 1 + KI_PROC(k)->p_rtprio.prio;
511 		break;
512 	case RTP_PRIO_THREAD:
513 		niceval = PRIO_MIN - 1 - RTP_PRIO_MAX - KI_PROC(k)->p_rtprio.prio;
514 		break;
515 	default:
516 		niceval = KI_PROC(k)->p_nice - NZERO;
517 		break;
518 	}
519 	printf("%*d", vent->width, niceval);
520 }
521 
522 
523 double
524 getpmem(const KINFO *k)
525 {
526 	static int failure;
527 	struct proc *p;
528 	struct eproc *e;
529 	double fracmem;
530 	int szptudot;
531 
532 	if (!nlistread)
533 		failure = donlist();
534 	if (failure)
535 		return (0.0);
536 
537 	p = KI_PROC(k);
538 	e = KI_EPROC(k);
539 	if ((p->p_flag & P_INMEM) == 0)
540 		return (0.0);
541 	/* XXX want pmap ptpages, segtab, etc. (per architecture) */
542 	szptudot = UPAGES;
543 	/* XXX don't have info about shared */
544 	fracmem = ((float)e->e_vm.vm_rssize + szptudot)/mempages;
545 	return (100.0 * fracmem);
546 }
547 
548 void
549 pmem(const KINFO *k, const struct varent *vent)
550 {
551 	printf("%*.1f", vent->width, getpmem(k));
552 }
553 
554 void
555 pagein(const KINFO *k, const struct varent *vent)
556 {
557 	printf("%*ld", vent->width,
558 	       k->ki_u.u_valid ? k->ki_u.u_ru.ru_majflt : 0);
559 }
560 
561 /* ARGSUSED */
562 void
563 maxrss(const KINFO *k __unused, const struct varent *vent)
564 {
565 	/* XXX not yet */
566 	printf("%*s", vent->width, "-");
567 }
568 
569 void
570 tsize(const KINFO *k, const struct varent *vent)
571 {
572 	printf("%*ld", vent->width, (long)pgtok(KI_EPROC(k)->e_vm.vm_tsize));
573 }
574 
575 void
576 rtprior(const KINFO *k, const struct varent *vent)
577 {
578 	struct rtprio *prtp;
579 	char str[8];
580 	unsigned prio, type;
581 
582 	prtp = (struct rtprio *) ((char *)KI_PROC(k) + vent->var->off);
583 	prio = prtp->prio;
584 	type = prtp->type;
585 	switch (type) {
586 	case RTP_PRIO_REALTIME:
587 		snprintf(str, sizeof(str), "real:%u", prio);
588 		break;
589 	case RTP_PRIO_NORMAL:
590 		strncpy(str, "normal", sizeof(str));
591 		break;
592 	case RTP_PRIO_IDLE:
593 		snprintf(str, sizeof(str), "idle:%u", prio);
594 		break;
595 	default:
596 		snprintf(str, sizeof(str), "%u:%u", type, prio);
597 		break;
598 	}
599 	str[sizeof(str) - 1] = '\0';
600 	printf("%*s", vent->width, str);
601 }
602 
603 /*
604  * Generic output routines.  Print fields from various prototype
605  * structures.
606  */
607 static void
608 printval(const char *bp, const struct varent *vent)
609 {
610 	static char ofmt[32] = "%";
611 	const char *fcp;
612 	char *cp;
613 
614 	cp = ofmt + 1;
615 	fcp = vent->var->fmt;
616 	if (vent->var->flag & LJUST)
617 		*cp++ = '-';
618 	*cp++ = '*';
619 	while ((*cp++ = *fcp++));
620 
621 	switch (vent->var->type) {
622 	case CHAR:
623 		printf(ofmt, vent->width, *(const char *)bp);
624 		break;
625 	case UCHAR:
626 		printf(ofmt, vent->width, *(const u_char *)bp);
627 		break;
628 	case SHORT:
629 		printf(ofmt, vent->width, *(const short *)bp);
630 		break;
631 	case USHORT:
632 		printf(ofmt, vent->width, *(const u_short *)bp);
633 		break;
634 	case INT:
635 		printf(ofmt, vent->width, *(const int *)bp);
636 		break;
637 	case UINT:
638 		printf(ofmt, vent->width, *(const u_int *)bp);
639 		break;
640 	case LONG:
641 		printf(ofmt, vent->width, *(const long *)bp);
642 		break;
643 	case ULONG:
644 		printf(ofmt, vent->width, *(const u_long *)bp);
645 		break;
646 	case KPTR:
647 		printf(ofmt, vent->width, *(const u_long *)bp);
648 		break;
649 	default:
650 		errx(1, "unknown type %d", vent->var->type);
651 	}
652 }
653 
654 void
655 pvar(const KINFO *k, const struct varent *vent)
656 {
657 	printval((char *)((char *)KI_PROC(k) + vent->var->off), vent);
658 }
659 
660 void
661 pest(const KINFO *k, const struct varent *vent)
662 {
663 	int val;
664 
665 	val = *(int *)((char *)KI_PROC(k) + vent->var->off);
666 	val = val / 128;
667 	printval((char *)&val, vent);
668 }
669 
670 
671 void
672 tvar(const KINFO *k, const struct varent *vent)
673 {
674 	printval((char *)((char *)KI_THREAD(k) + vent->var->off), vent);
675 }
676 
677 void
678 evar(const KINFO *k, const struct varent *vent)
679 {
680 	printval((char *)((char *)KI_EPROC(k) + vent->var->off), vent);
681 }
682 
683 void
684 uvar(const KINFO *k, const struct varent *vent)
685 {
686 	if (k->ki_u.u_valid)
687 		printval(((const char *)&k->ki_u + vent->var->off), vent);
688 	else
689 		printf("%*s", vent->width, "-");
690 }
691 
692 void
693 rvar(const KINFO *k, const struct varent *vent)
694 {
695 	if (k->ki_u.u_valid)
696 		printval(((const char *)&k->ki_u.u_ru + vent->var->off), vent);
697 	else
698 		printf("%*s", vent->width, "-");
699 }
700 
701 static const char *
702 make_printable(const char *str)
703 {
704     static char *cpy;
705     int len;
706 
707     if (cpy)
708 	free(cpy);
709     len = strlen(str);
710     if ((cpy = malloc(len * 4 + 1)) == NULL)
711 	err(1, NULL);
712     strvis(cpy, str, VIS_TAB | VIS_NL | VIS_NOSLASH);
713     return(cpy);
714 }
715