1 // ehframe.h -- handle exception frame sections for gold  -*- C++ -*-
2 
3 // Copyright (C) 2006-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 // Written by Ian Lance Taylor <iant@google.com>.
5 
6 // This file is part of gold.
7 
8 // This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
9 // it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
10 // the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
11 // (at your option) any later version.
12 
13 // This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
14 // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
16 // GNU General Public License for more details.
17 
18 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
19 // along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
20 // Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor, Boston,
21 // MA 02110-1301, USA.
22 
23 #ifndef GOLD_EHFRAME_H
24 #define GOLD_EHFRAME_H
25 
26 #include <map>
27 #include <set>
28 #include <vector>
29 
30 #include "output.h"
31 #include "merge.h"
32 
33 namespace gold
34 {
35 
36 template<int size, bool big_endian>
37 class Track_relocs;
38 
39 class Eh_frame;
40 
41 // This class manages the .eh_frame_hdr section, which holds the data
42 // for the PT_GNU_EH_FRAME segment.  gcc's unwind support code uses
43 // the PT_GNU_EH_FRAME segment to find the list of FDEs.  This saves
44 // the time required to register the exception handlers at startup
45 // time and when a shared object is loaded, and the time required to
46 // deregister the exception handlers when a shared object is unloaded.
47 
48 class Eh_frame_hdr : public Output_section_data
49 {
50  public:
51   Eh_frame_hdr(Output_section* eh_frame_section, const Eh_frame*);
52 
53   // Record that we found an unrecognized .eh_frame section.
54   void
55   found_unrecognized_eh_frame_section()
56   { this->any_unrecognized_eh_frame_sections_ = true; }
57 
58   // Record an FDE.
59   void
60   record_fde(section_offset_type fde_offset, unsigned char fde_encoding)
61   {
62     if (!this->any_unrecognized_eh_frame_sections_)
63       this->fde_offsets_.push_back(std::make_pair(fde_offset, fde_encoding));
64   }
65 
66  protected:
67   // Set the final data size.
68   void
69   set_final_data_size();
70 
71   // Write the data to the file.
72   void
73   do_write(Output_file*);
74 
75   // Write to a map file.
76   void
77   do_print_to_mapfile(Mapfile* mapfile) const
78   { mapfile->print_output_data(this, _("** eh_frame_hdr")); }
79 
80  private:
81   // Write the data to the file with the right endianness.
82   template<int size, bool big_endian>
83   void
84   do_sized_write(Output_file*);
85 
86   // The data we record for one FDE: the offset of the FDE within the
87   // .eh_frame section, and the FDE encoding.
88   typedef std::pair<section_offset_type, unsigned char> Fde_offset;
89 
90   // The list of information we record for an FDE.
91   typedef std::vector<Fde_offset> Fde_offsets;
92 
93   // When writing out the header, we convert the FDE offsets into FDE
94   // addresses.  This is a list of pairs of the offset from the header
95   // to the FDE PC and to the FDE itself.
96   template<int size>
97   class Fde_addresses
98   {
99    public:
100     typedef typename elfcpp::Elf_types<size>::Elf_Addr Address;
101     typedef typename std::pair<Address, Address> Fde_address;
102     typedef typename std::vector<Fde_address> Fde_address_list;
103     typedef typename Fde_address_list::iterator iterator;
104 
105     Fde_addresses(unsigned int reserve)
106       : fde_addresses_()
107     { this->fde_addresses_.reserve(reserve); }
108 
109     void
110     push_back(Address pc_address, Address fde_address)
111     {
112       this->fde_addresses_.push_back(std::make_pair(pc_address, fde_address));
113     }
114 
115     iterator
116     begin()
117     { return this->fde_addresses_.begin(); }
118 
119     iterator
120     end()
121     { return this->fde_addresses_.end(); }
122 
123    private:
124     Fde_address_list fde_addresses_;
125   };
126 
127   // Compare Fde_address objects.
128   template<int size>
129   struct Fde_address_compare
130   {
131     bool
132     operator()(const typename Fde_addresses<size>::Fde_address& f1,
133 	       const typename Fde_addresses<size>::Fde_address& f2) const
134     { return f1.first < f2.first; }
135   };
136 
137   // Return the PC to which an FDE refers.
138   template<int size, bool big_endian>
139   typename elfcpp::Elf_types<size>::Elf_Addr
140   get_fde_pc(typename elfcpp::Elf_types<size>::Elf_Addr eh_frame_address,
141 	     const unsigned char* eh_frame_contents,
142 	     section_offset_type fde_offset, unsigned char fde_encoding);
143 
144   // Convert Fde_offsets to Fde_addresses.
145   template<int size, bool big_endian>
146   void
147   get_fde_addresses(Output_file* of,
148 		    const Fde_offsets* fde_offsets,
149 		    Fde_addresses<size>* fde_addresses);
150 
151   // The .eh_frame section.
152   Output_section* eh_frame_section_;
153   // The .eh_frame section data.
154   const Eh_frame* eh_frame_data_;
155   // Data from the FDEs in the .eh_frame sections.
156   Fde_offsets fde_offsets_;
157   // Whether we found any .eh_frame sections which we could not
158   // process.
159   bool any_unrecognized_eh_frame_sections_;
160 };
161 
162 // This class holds an FDE.
163 
164 class Fde
165 {
166  public:
167   Fde(Relobj* object, unsigned int shndx, section_offset_type input_offset,
168       const unsigned char* contents, size_t length)
169     : object_(object),
170       contents_(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(contents), length)
171   {
172     this->u_.from_object.shndx = shndx;
173     this->u_.from_object.input_offset = input_offset;
174   }
175 
176   // Create an FDE associated with a PLT.
177   Fde(Output_data* plt, const unsigned char* contents, size_t length,
178       bool post_map)
179     : object_(NULL),
180       contents_(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(contents), length)
181   {
182     this->u_.from_linker.plt = plt;
183     this->u_.from_linker.post_map = post_map;
184   }
185 
186   // Return the length of this FDE.  Add 4 for the length and 4 for
187   // the offset to the CIE.
188   size_t
189   length() const
190   { return this->contents_.length() + 8; }
191 
192   // Add a mapping for this FDE to MERGE_MAP, so that relocations
193   // against the FDE are applied to right part of the output file.
194   void
195   add_mapping(section_offset_type output_offset,
196               Output_section_data* output_data) const
197   {
198     if (this->object_ != NULL)
199       this->object_->add_merge_mapping(output_data, this->u_.from_object.shndx,
200 			     this->u_.from_object.input_offset, this->length(),
201 			     output_offset);
202   }
203 
204   // Return whether this FDE was added after merge mapping.
205   bool
206   post_map() const
207   { return this->object_ == NULL && this->u_.from_linker.post_map; }
208 
209   // Return whether this FDE was added for the PLT after merge mapping.
210   bool
211   post_map(const Output_data* plt) const
212   { return this->post_map() && this->u_.from_linker.plt == plt; }
213 
214   // Write the FDE to OVIEW starting at OFFSET.  FDE_ENCODING is the
215   // encoding, from the CIE.  Round up the bytes to ADDRALIGN if
216   // necessary.  ADDRESS is the virtual address of OVIEW.  Record the
217   // FDE in EH_FRAME_HDR.  Return the new offset.
218   template<int size, bool big_endian>
219   section_offset_type
220   write(unsigned char* oview, section_offset_type output_section_offset,
221 	section_offset_type offset, uint64_t address, unsigned int addralign,
222 	section_offset_type cie_offset, unsigned char fde_encoding,
223 	Eh_frame_hdr* eh_frame_hdr);
224 
225  private:
226   // The object in which this FDE was seen.  This will be NULL for a
227   // linker generated FDE.
228   Relobj* object_;
229   union
230   {
231     // These fields are used if the FDE is from an input object (the
232     // object_ field is not NULL).
233     struct
234     {
235       // Input section index for this FDE.
236       unsigned int shndx;
237       // Offset within the input section for this FDE.
238       section_offset_type input_offset;
239     } from_object;
240     // This field is used if the FDE is generated by the linker (the
241     // object_ field is NULL).
242     struct
243     {
244       // The only linker generated FDEs are for PLT sections, and this
245       // points to the PLT section.
246       Output_data* plt;
247       // Set if the FDE was added after merge mapping.
248       bool post_map;
249     } from_linker;
250   } u_;
251   // FDE data.
252   std::string contents_;
253 };
254 
255 // A FDE plus some info from a CIE to allow later writing of the FDE.
256 
257 struct Post_fde
258 {
259   Post_fde(Fde* f, section_offset_type cie_off, unsigned char encoding)
260     : fde(f), cie_offset(cie_off), fde_encoding(encoding)
261   { }
262 
263   Fde* fde;
264   section_offset_type cie_offset;
265   unsigned char fde_encoding;
266 };
267 
268 typedef std::vector<Post_fde> Post_fdes;
269 
270 // This class holds a CIE.
271 
272 class Cie
273 {
274  public:
275   Cie(Relobj* object, unsigned int shndx, section_offset_type input_offset,
276       unsigned char fde_encoding, const char* personality_name,
277       const unsigned char* contents, size_t length)
278     : object_(object),
279       shndx_(shndx),
280       input_offset_(input_offset),
281       fde_encoding_(fde_encoding),
282       personality_name_(personality_name),
283       fdes_(),
284       contents_(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(contents), length)
285   { }
286 
287   ~Cie();
288 
289   // We permit copying a CIE when there are no FDEs.  This is
290   // convenient in the code which creates them.
291   Cie(const Cie& cie)
292     : object_(cie.object_),
293       shndx_(cie.shndx_),
294       input_offset_(cie.input_offset_),
295       fde_encoding_(cie.fde_encoding_),
296       personality_name_(cie.personality_name_),
297       fdes_(),
298       contents_(cie.contents_)
299   { gold_assert(cie.fdes_.empty()); }
300 
301   // Add an FDE associated with this CIE.
302   void
303   add_fde(Fde* fde)
304   { this->fdes_.push_back(fde); }
305 
306   // Remove the last FDE associated with this CIE.
307   void
308   remove_fde()
309   { this->fdes_.pop_back(); }
310 
311   // Access the last FDE associated with this CIE.
312   const Fde*
313   last_fde() const
314   { return this->fdes_.back(); }
315 
316   // Return the number of FDEs.
317   unsigned int
318   fde_count() const
319   { return this->fdes_.size(); }
320 
321   // Set the output offset of this CIE to OUTPUT_OFFSET.  It will be
322   // followed by all its FDEs.  ADDRALIGN is the required address
323   // alignment, typically 4 or 8.  This updates MERGE_MAP with the
324   // mapping.  It returns the new output offset.
325   section_offset_type
326   set_output_offset(section_offset_type output_offset, unsigned int addralign,
327 		    Output_section_data*);
328 
329   // Write the CIE to OVIEW starting at OFFSET.  Round up the bytes to
330   // ADDRALIGN.  ADDRESS is the virtual address of OVIEW.
331   // EH_FRAME_HDR is the exception frame header for FDE recording.
332   // POST_FDES stashes FDEs created after mappings were done, for later
333   // writing.  Return the new offset.
334   template<int size, bool big_endian>
335   section_offset_type
336   write(unsigned char* oview, section_offset_type output_section_offset,
337 	section_offset_type offset, uint64_t address,
338 	unsigned int addralign, Eh_frame_hdr* eh_frame_hdr,
339 	Post_fdes* post_fdes);
340 
341   // Return the FDE encoding.
342   unsigned char
343   fde_encoding() const
344   { return this->fde_encoding_; }
345 
346   friend bool operator<(const Cie&, const Cie&);
347   friend bool operator==(const Cie&, const Cie&);
348 
349  private:
350   // The class is not assignable.
351   Cie& operator=(const Cie&);
352 
353   // The object in which this CIE was first seen.  This will be NULL
354   // for a linker generated CIE.
355   Relobj* object_;
356   // Input section index for this CIE.  This will be 0 for a linker
357   // generated CIE.
358   unsigned int shndx_;
359   // Offset within the input section for this CIE.  This will be 0 for
360   // a linker generated CIE.
361   section_offset_type input_offset_;
362   // The encoding of the FDE.  This is a DW_EH_PE code.
363   unsigned char fde_encoding_;
364   // The name of the personality routine.  This will be the name of a
365   // global symbol, or will be the empty string.
366   std::string personality_name_;
367   // List of FDEs.
368   std::vector<Fde*> fdes_;
369   // CIE data.
370   std::string contents_;
371 };
372 
373 extern bool operator<(const Cie&, const Cie&);
374 extern bool operator==(const Cie&, const Cie&);
375 
376 // This class manages .eh_frame sections.  It discards duplicate
377 // exception information.
378 
379 class Eh_frame : public Output_section_data
380 {
381  public:
382   enum Eh_frame_section_disposition
383   {
384     EH_EMPTY_SECTION,
385     EH_UNRECOGNIZED_SECTION,
386     EH_OPTIMIZABLE_SECTION,
387     EH_END_MARKER_SECTION
388   };
389 
390   Eh_frame();
391 
392   // Record the associated Eh_frame_hdr, if any.
393   void
394   set_eh_frame_hdr(Eh_frame_hdr* hdr)
395   { this->eh_frame_hdr_ = hdr; }
396 
397   // Add the input section SHNDX in OBJECT.  SYMBOLS is the contents
398   // of the symbol table section (size SYMBOLS_SIZE), SYMBOL_NAMES is
399   // the symbol names section (size SYMBOL_NAMES_SIZE).  RELOC_SHNDX
400   // is the relocation section if any (0 for none, -1U for multiple).
401   // RELOC_TYPE is the type of the relocation section if any.  This
402   // returns whether the section was incorporated into the .eh_frame
403   // data.
404   template<int size, bool big_endian>
405   Eh_frame_section_disposition
406   add_ehframe_input_section(Sized_relobj_file<size, big_endian>* object,
407 			    const unsigned char* symbols,
408 			    section_size_type symbols_size,
409 			    const unsigned char* symbol_names,
410 			    section_size_type symbol_names_size,
411 			    unsigned int shndx, unsigned int reloc_shndx,
412 			    unsigned int reloc_type);
413 
414   // Add a CIE and an FDE for a PLT section, to permit unwinding
415   // through a PLT.  The FDE data should start with 8 bytes of zero,
416   // which will be replaced by a 4 byte PC relative reference to the
417   // address of PLT and a 4 byte size of PLT.
418   void
419   add_ehframe_for_plt(Output_data* plt, const unsigned char* cie_data,
420 		      size_t cie_length, const unsigned char* fde_data,
421 		      size_t fde_length);
422 
423   // Remove all post-map unwind information for a PLT.
424   void
425   remove_ehframe_for_plt(Output_data* plt, const unsigned char* cie_data,
426 			 size_t cie_length);
427 
428   // Return the number of FDEs.
429   unsigned int
430   fde_count() const;
431 
432  protected:
433   // Set the final data size.
434   void
435   set_final_data_size();
436 
437   // Return the output address for an input address.
438   bool
439   do_output_offset(const Relobj*, unsigned int shndx,
440 		   section_offset_type offset,
441 		   section_offset_type* poutput) const;
442 
443   // Write the data to the file.
444   void
445   do_write(Output_file*);
446 
447   // Write to a map file.
448   void
449   do_print_to_mapfile(Mapfile* mapfile) const
450   { mapfile->print_output_data(this, _("** eh_frame")); }
451 
452  private:
453   // The comparison routine for the CIE map.
454   struct Cie_less
455   {
456     bool
457     operator()(const Cie* cie1, const Cie* cie2) const
458     { return *cie1 < *cie2; }
459   };
460 
461   // A set of unique CIEs.
462   typedef std::set<Cie*, Cie_less> Cie_offsets;
463 
464   // A list of unmergeable CIEs.
465   typedef std::vector<Cie*> Unmergeable_cie_offsets;
466 
467   // A mapping from offsets to CIEs.  This is used while reading an
468   // input section.
469   typedef std::map<uint64_t, Cie*> Offsets_to_cie;
470 
471   // A list of CIEs, and a bool indicating whether the CIE is
472   // mergeable.
473   typedef std::vector<std::pair<Cie*, bool> > New_cies;
474 
475   // Skip an LEB128.
476   static bool
477   skip_leb128(const unsigned char**, const unsigned char*);
478 
479   // The implementation of add_ehframe_input_section.
480   template<int size, bool big_endian>
481   bool
482   do_add_ehframe_input_section(Sized_relobj_file<size, big_endian>* object,
483 			       const unsigned char* symbols,
484 			       section_size_type symbols_size,
485 			       const unsigned char* symbol_names,
486 			       section_size_type symbol_names_size,
487 			       unsigned int shndx,
488 			       unsigned int reloc_shndx,
489 			       unsigned int reloc_type,
490 			       const unsigned char* pcontents,
491 			       section_size_type contents_len,
492 			       New_cies*);
493 
494   // Read a CIE.
495   template<int size, bool big_endian>
496   bool
497   read_cie(Sized_relobj_file<size, big_endian>* object,
498 	   unsigned int shndx,
499 	   const unsigned char* symbols,
500 	   section_size_type symbols_size,
501 	   const unsigned char* symbol_names,
502 	   section_size_type symbol_names_size,
503 	   const unsigned char* pcontents,
504 	   const unsigned char* pcie,
505 	   const unsigned char* pcieend,
506 	   Track_relocs<size, big_endian>* relocs,
507 	   Offsets_to_cie* cies,
508 	   New_cies* new_cies);
509 
510   // Read an FDE.
511   template<int size, bool big_endian>
512   bool
513   read_fde(Sized_relobj_file<size, big_endian>* object,
514 	   unsigned int shndx,
515 	   const unsigned char* symbols,
516 	   section_size_type symbols_size,
517 	   const unsigned char* pcontents,
518 	   unsigned int offset,
519 	   const unsigned char* pfde,
520 	   const unsigned char* pfdeend,
521 	   Track_relocs<size, big_endian>* relocs,
522 	   Offsets_to_cie* cies);
523 
524   // Template version of write function.
525   template<int size, bool big_endian>
526   void
527   do_sized_write(unsigned char* oview);
528 
529   // The exception frame header, if any.
530   Eh_frame_hdr* eh_frame_hdr_;
531   // A mapping from all unique CIEs to their offset in the output
532   // file.
533   Cie_offsets cie_offsets_;
534   // A mapping from unmergeable CIEs to their offset in the output
535   // file.
536   Unmergeable_cie_offsets unmergeable_cie_offsets_;
537   // Whether we have created the mappings to the output section.
538   bool mappings_are_done_;
539   // The final data size.  This is only set if mappings_are_done_ is
540   // true.
541   section_size_type final_data_size_;
542 };
543 
544 } // End namespace gold.
545 
546 #endif // !defined(GOLD_EHFRAME_H)
547