1@ignore 2@c Set file name and title for man page. 3@setfilename gfdl 4@settitle GNU Free Documentation License 5@c man begin SEEALSO 6gpl(7), fsf-funding(7). 7@c man end 8@c man begin COPYRIGHT 9Copyright @copyright{} 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 10@uref{http://fsf.org/} 11 12Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 13of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 14@c This file is intended to be included within another document, 15@c hence no sectioning command or @node. 16@c man end 17@end ignore 18@c Special handling for inclusion in the install manual. 19@ifset gfdlhtml 20@ifnothtml 21@comment node-name, next, previous, up 22@node GNU Free Documentation License, Concept Index, Old, Top 23@end ifnothtml 24@html 25<h1 align="center">Installing GCC: GNU Free Documentation License</h1> 26@end html 27@ifnothtml 28@unnumbered GNU Free Documentation License 29@end ifnothtml 30@end ifset 31@c man begin DESCRIPTION 32@ifclear gfdlhtml 33@node GNU Free Documentation License 34@unnumbered GNU Free Documentation License 35@end ifclear 36 37@cindex FDL, GNU Free Documentation License 38@center Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 39 40@display 41Copyright @copyright{} 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 42@uref{http://fsf.org/} 43 44Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 45of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 46@end display 47 48@enumerate 0 49@item 50PREAMBLE 51 52The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other 53functional and useful document @dfn{free} in the sense of freedom: to 54assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, 55with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. 56Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way 57to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible 58for modifications made by others. 59 60This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative 61works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It 62complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft 63license designed for free software. 64 65We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free 66software, because free software needs free documentation: a free 67program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the 68software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; 69it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or 70whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License 71principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. 72 73@item 74APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS 75 76This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that 77contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be 78distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a 79world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that 80work under the conditions stated herein. The ``Document'', below, 81refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a 82licensee, and is addressed as ``you''. You accept the license if you 83copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission 84under copyright law. 85 86A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the 87Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with 88modifications and/or translated into another language. 89 90A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section 91of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the 92publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall 93subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall 94directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in 95part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain 96any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical 97connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, 98commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding 99them. 100 101The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles 102are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice 103that says that the Document is released under this License. If a 104section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not 105allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero 106Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant 107Sections then there are none. 108 109The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed, 110as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that 111the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may 112be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. 113 114A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, 115represented in a format whose specification is available to the 116general public, that is suitable for revising the document 117straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of 118pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available 119drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or 120for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input 121to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file 122format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart 123or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. 124An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount 125of text. A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''. 126 127Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain 128@sc{ascii} without markup, Texinfo input format, La@TeX{} input 129format, @acronym{SGML} or @acronym{XML} using a publicly available 130@acronym{DTD}, and standard-conforming simple @acronym{HTML}, 131PostScript or @acronym{PDF} designed for human modification. Examples 132of transparent image formats include @acronym{PNG}, @acronym{XCF} and 133@acronym{JPG}. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be 134read and edited only by proprietary word processors, @acronym{SGML} or 135@acronym{XML} for which the @acronym{DTD} and/or processing tools are 136not generally available, and the machine-generated @acronym{HTML}, 137PostScript or @acronym{PDF} produced by some word processors for 138output purposes only. 139 140The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself, 141plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material 142this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in 143formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means 144the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, 145preceding the beginning of the body of the text. 146 147The ``publisher'' means any person or entity that distributes copies 148of the Document to the public. 149 150A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of the Document whose 151title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following 152text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a 153specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements'', 154``Dedications'', ``Endorsements'', or ``History''.) To ``Preserve the Title'' 155of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a 156section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition. 157 158The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which 159states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty 160Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this 161License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other 162implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has 163no effect on the meaning of this License. 164 165@item 166VERBATIM COPYING 167 168You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either 169commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the 170copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies 171to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other 172conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use 173technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further 174copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept 175compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough 176number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. 177 178You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and 179you may publicly display copies. 180 181@item 182COPYING IN QUANTITY 183 184If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have 185printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the 186Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the 187copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover 188Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on 189the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify 190you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present 191the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and 192visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. 193Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve 194the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated 195as verbatim copying in other respects. 196 197If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit 198legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit 199reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent 200pages. 201 202If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering 203more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent 204copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy 205a computer-network location from which the general network-using 206public has access to download using public-standard network protocols 207a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. 208If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, 209when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure 210that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated 211location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an 212Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that 213edition to the public. 214 215It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the 216Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give 217them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. 218 219@item 220MODIFICATIONS 221 222You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under 223the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release 224the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified 225Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution 226and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy 227of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: 228 229@enumerate A 230@item 231Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct 232from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions 233(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section 234of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version 235if the original publisher of that version gives permission. 236 237@item 238List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities 239responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified 240Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the 241Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), 242unless they release you from this requirement. 243 244@item 245State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the 246Modified Version, as the publisher. 247 248@item 249Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. 250 251@item 252Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications 253adjacent to the other copyright notices. 254 255@item 256Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice 257giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the 258terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. 259 260@item 261Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections 262and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. 263 264@item 265Include an unaltered copy of this License. 266 267@item 268Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add 269to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and 270publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If 271there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one 272stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as 273given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified 274Version as stated in the previous sentence. 275 276@item 277Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for 278public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise 279the network locations given in the Document for previous versions 280it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section. 281You may omit a network location for a work that was published at 282least four years before the Document itself, or if the original 283publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. 284 285@item 286For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'', Preserve 287the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the 288substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or 289dedications given therein. 290 291@item 292Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, 293unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers 294or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. 295 296@item 297Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''. Such a section 298may not be included in the Modified Version. 299 300@item 301Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements'' or 302to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. 303 304@item 305Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. 306@end enumerate 307 308If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or 309appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material 310copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all 311of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the 312list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. 313These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. 314 315You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains 316nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various 317parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has 318been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a 319standard. 320 321You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a 322passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list 323of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of 324Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or 325through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already 326includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or 327by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, 328you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit 329permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. 330 331The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License 332give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or 333imply endorsement of any Modified Version. 334 335@item 336COMBINING DOCUMENTS 337 338You may combine the Document with other documents released under this 339License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified 340versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the 341Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and 342list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its 343license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. 344 345The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and 346multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single 347copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but 348different contents, make the title of each such section unique by 349adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original 350author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. 351Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of 352Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. 353 354In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History'' 355in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled 356``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'', 357and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''. You must delete all 358sections Entitled ``Endorsements.'' 359 360@item 361COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS 362 363You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents 364released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this 365License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in 366the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for 367verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. 368 369You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute 370it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this 371License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all 372other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. 373 374@item 375AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS 376 377A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate 378and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or 379distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright 380resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights 381of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. 382When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not 383apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves 384derivative works of the Document. 385 386If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these 387copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of 388the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on 389covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the 390electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. 391Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole 392aggregate. 393 394@item 395TRANSLATION 396 397Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may 398distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. 399Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special 400permission from their copyright holders, but you may include 401translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the 402original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a 403translation of this License, and all the license notices in the 404Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include 405the original English version of this License and the original versions 406of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between 407the translation and the original version of this License or a notice 408or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. 409 410If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'', 411``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section 4) to Preserve 412its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual 413title. 414 415@item 416TERMINATION 417 418You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document 419except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt 420otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and 421will automatically terminate your rights under this License. 422 423However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license 424from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, 425unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally 426terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder 427fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 42860 days after the cessation. 429 430Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is 431reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the 432violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have 433received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that 434copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after 435your receipt of the notice. 436 437Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the 438licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under 439this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently 440reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does 441not give you any rights to use it. 442 443@item 444FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE 445 446The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions 447of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new 448versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may 449differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See 450@uref{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/}. 451 452Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. 453If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this 454License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of 455following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or 456of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the 457Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version 458number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not 459as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document 460specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this 461License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a 462version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the 463Document. 464 465@item 466RELICENSING 467 468``Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site'' (or ``MMC Site'') means any 469World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also 470provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A 471public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A 472``Massive Multiauthor Collaboration'' (or ``MMC'') contained in the 473site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC 474site. 475 476``CC-BY-SA'' means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 477license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit 478corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco, 479California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license 480published by that same organization. 481 482``Incorporate'' means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or 483in part, as part of another Document. 484 485An MMC is ``eligible for relicensing'' if it is licensed under this 486License, and if all works that were first published under this License 487somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole 488or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, 489and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008. 490 491The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site 492under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009, 493provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing. 494 495@end enumerate 496 497@page 498@unnumberedsec ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents 499 500To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of 501the License in the document and put the following copyright and 502license notices just after the title page: 503 504@smallexample 505@group 506 Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{your name}. 507 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document 508 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 509 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; 510 with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover 511 Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU 512 Free Documentation License''. 513@end group 514@end smallexample 515 516If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, 517replace the ``with...Texts.'' line with this: 518 519@smallexample 520@group 521 with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with 522 the Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts 523 being @var{list}. 524@end group 525@end smallexample 526 527If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other 528combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the 529situation. 530 531If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we 532recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of 533free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, 534to permit their use in free software. 535 536@c Local Variables: 537@c ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict" 538@c End: 539 540@c man end 541