1 // Locale support -*- C++ -*-
2 
3 // Copyright (C) 1997-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 //
5 // This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
6 // software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
7 // terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
8 // Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
9 // any later version.
10 
11 // This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
14 // GNU General Public License for more details.
15 
16 // Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
17 // permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
18 // 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
19 
20 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
21 // a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
22 // see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
23 // <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
24 
25 /** @file bits/locale_classes.h
26  *  This is an internal header file, included by other library headers.
27  *  Do not attempt to use it directly. @headername{locale}
28  */
29 
30 //
31 // ISO C++ 14882: 22.1  Locales
32 //
33 
34 #ifndef _LOCALE_CLASSES_H
35 #define _LOCALE_CLASSES_H 1
36 
37 #pragma GCC system_header
38 
39 #include <bits/localefwd.h>
40 #include <string>
41 #include <ext/atomicity.h>
42 
43 namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
44 {
45 _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
46 
47   // 22.1.1 Class locale
48   /**
49    *  @brief  Container class for localization functionality.
50    *  @ingroup locales
51    *
52    *  The locale class is first a class wrapper for C library locales.  It is
53    *  also an extensible container for user-defined localization.  A locale is
54    *  a collection of facets that implement various localization features such
55    *  as money, time, and number printing.
56    *
57    *  Constructing C++ locales does not change the C library locale.
58    *
59    *  This library supports efficient construction and copying of locales
60    *  through a reference counting implementation of the locale class.
61   */
62   class locale
63   {
64   public:
65     // Types:
66     /// Definition of locale::category.
67     typedef int	category;
68 
69     // Forward decls and friends:
70     class facet;
71     class id;
72     class _Impl;
73 
74     friend class facet;
75     friend class _Impl;
76 
77     template<typename _Facet>
78       friend bool
79       has_facet(const locale&) throw();
80 
81     template<typename _Facet>
82       friend const _Facet&
83       use_facet(const locale&);
84 
85     template<typename _Cache>
86       friend struct __use_cache;
87 
88     //@{
89     /**
90      *  @brief  Category values.
91      *
92      *  The standard category values are none, ctype, numeric, collate, time,
93      *  monetary, and messages.  They form a bitmask that supports union and
94      *  intersection.  The category all is the union of these values.
95      *
96      *  NB: Order must match _S_facet_categories definition in locale.cc
97     */
98     static const category none		= 0;
99     static const category ctype		= 1L << 0;
100     static const category numeric	= 1L << 1;
101     static const category collate	= 1L << 2;
102     static const category time		= 1L << 3;
103     static const category monetary	= 1L << 4;
104     static const category messages	= 1L << 5;
105     static const category all		= (ctype | numeric | collate |
106 					   time  | monetary | messages);
107     //@}
108 
109     // Construct/copy/destroy:
110 
111     /**
112      *  @brief  Default constructor.
113      *
114      *  Constructs a copy of the global locale.  If no locale has been
115      *  explicitly set, this is the C locale.
116     */
117     locale() throw();
118 
119     /**
120      *  @brief  Copy constructor.
121      *
122      *  Constructs a copy of @a other.
123      *
124      *  @param  __other  The locale to copy.
125     */
126     locale(const locale& __other) throw();
127 
128     /**
129      *  @brief  Named locale constructor.
130      *
131      *  Constructs a copy of the named C library locale.
132      *
133      *  @param  __s  Name of the locale to construct.
134      *  @throw  std::runtime_error if __s is null or an undefined locale.
135     */
136     explicit
137     locale(const char* __s);
138 
139     /**
140      *  @brief  Construct locale with facets from another locale.
141      *
142      *  Constructs a copy of the locale @a base.  The facets specified by @a
143      *  cat are replaced with those from the locale named by @a s.  If base is
144      *  named, this locale instance will also be named.
145      *
146      *  @param  __base  The locale to copy.
147      *  @param  __s  Name of the locale to use facets from.
148      *  @param  __cat  Set of categories defining the facets to use from __s.
149      *  @throw  std::runtime_error if __s is null or an undefined locale.
150     */
151     locale(const locale& __base, const char* __s, category __cat);
152 
153 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
154     /**
155      *  @brief  Named locale constructor.
156      *
157      *  Constructs a copy of the named C library locale.
158      *
159      *  @param  __s  Name of the locale to construct.
160      *  @throw  std::runtime_error if __s is an undefined locale.
161     */
162     explicit
163     locale(const std::string& __s) : locale(__s.c_str()) { }
164 
165     /**
166      *  @brief  Construct locale with facets from another locale.
167      *
168      *  Constructs a copy of the locale @a base.  The facets specified by @a
169      *  cat are replaced with those from the locale named by @a s.  If base is
170      *  named, this locale instance will also be named.
171      *
172      *  @param  __base  The locale to copy.
173      *  @param  __s  Name of the locale to use facets from.
174      *  @param  __cat  Set of categories defining the facets to use from __s.
175      *  @throw  std::runtime_error if __s is an undefined locale.
176     */
177     locale(const locale& __base, const std::string& __s, category __cat)
178     : locale(__base, __s.c_str(), __cat) { }
179 #endif
180 
181     /**
182      *  @brief  Construct locale with facets from another locale.
183      *
184      *  Constructs a copy of the locale @a base.  The facets specified by @a
185      *  cat are replaced with those from the locale @a add.  If @a base and @a
186      *  add are named, this locale instance will also be named.
187      *
188      *  @param  __base  The locale to copy.
189      *  @param  __add  The locale to use facets from.
190      *  @param  __cat  Set of categories defining the facets to use from add.
191     */
192     locale(const locale& __base, const locale& __add, category __cat);
193 
194     /**
195      *  @brief  Construct locale with another facet.
196      *
197      *  Constructs a copy of the locale @a __other.  The facet @a __f
198      *  is added to @a __other, replacing an existing facet of type
199      *  Facet if there is one.  If @a __f is null, this locale is a
200      *  copy of @a __other.
201      *
202      *  @param  __other  The locale to copy.
203      *  @param  __f  The facet to add in.
204     */
205     template<typename _Facet>
206       locale(const locale& __other, _Facet* __f);
207 
208     /// Locale destructor.
209     ~locale() throw();
210 
211     /**
212      *  @brief  Assignment operator.
213      *
214      *  Set this locale to be a copy of @a other.
215      *
216      *  @param  __other  The locale to copy.
217      *  @return  A reference to this locale.
218     */
219     const locale&
220     operator=(const locale& __other) throw();
221 
222     /**
223      *  @brief  Construct locale with another facet.
224      *
225      *  Constructs and returns a new copy of this locale.  Adds or replaces an
226      *  existing facet of type Facet from the locale @a other into the new
227      *  locale.
228      *
229      *  @tparam  _Facet  The facet type to copy from other
230      *  @param  __other  The locale to copy from.
231      *  @return  Newly constructed locale.
232      *  @throw  std::runtime_error if __other has no facet of type _Facet.
233     */
234     template<typename _Facet>
235       locale
236       combine(const locale& __other) const;
237 
238     // Locale operations:
239     /**
240      *  @brief  Return locale name.
241      *  @return  Locale name or "*" if unnamed.
242     */
243     _GLIBCXX_DEFAULT_ABI_TAG
244     string
245     name() const;
246 
247     /**
248      *  @brief  Locale equality.
249      *
250      *  @param  __other  The locale to compare against.
251      *  @return  True if other and this refer to the same locale instance, are
252      *		 copies, or have the same name.  False otherwise.
253     */
254     bool
255     operator==(const locale& __other) const throw();
256 
257     /**
258      *  @brief  Locale inequality.
259      *
260      *  @param  __other  The locale to compare against.
261      *  @return  ! (*this == __other)
262     */
263     bool
264     operator!=(const locale& __other) const throw()
265     { return !(this->operator==(__other)); }
266 
267     /**
268      *  @brief  Compare two strings according to collate.
269      *
270      *  Template operator to compare two strings using the compare function of
271      *  the collate facet in this locale.  One use is to provide the locale to
272      *  the sort function.  For example, a vector v of strings could be sorted
273      *  according to locale loc by doing:
274      *  @code
275      *  std::sort(v.begin(), v.end(), loc);
276      *  @endcode
277      *
278      *  @param  __s1  First string to compare.
279      *  @param  __s2  Second string to compare.
280      *  @return  True if collate<_Char> facet compares __s1 < __s2, else false.
281     */
282     template<typename _Char, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
283       bool
284       operator()(const basic_string<_Char, _Traits, _Alloc>& __s1,
285 		 const basic_string<_Char, _Traits, _Alloc>& __s2) const;
286 
287     // Global locale objects:
288     /**
289      *  @brief  Set global locale
290      *
291      *  This function sets the global locale to the argument and returns a
292      *  copy of the previous global locale.  If the argument has a name, it
293      *  will also call std::setlocale(LC_ALL, loc.name()).
294      *
295      *  @param  __loc  The new locale to make global.
296      *  @return  Copy of the old global locale.
297     */
298     static locale
299     global(const locale& __loc);
300 
301     /**
302      *  @brief  Return reference to the C locale.
303     */
304     static const locale&
305     classic();
306 
307   private:
308     // The (shared) implementation
309     _Impl*		_M_impl;
310 
311     // The "C" reference locale
312     static _Impl*       _S_classic;
313 
314     // Current global locale
315     static _Impl*	_S_global;
316 
317     // Names of underlying locale categories.
318     // NB: locale::global() has to know how to modify all the
319     // underlying categories, not just the ones required by the C++
320     // standard.
321     static const char* const* const _S_categories;
322 
323     // Number of standard categories. For C++, these categories are
324     // collate, ctype, monetary, numeric, time, and messages. These
325     // directly correspond to ISO C99 macros LC_COLLATE, LC_CTYPE,
326     // LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC, and LC_TIME. In addition, POSIX (IEEE
327     // 1003.1-2001) specifies LC_MESSAGES.
328     // In addition to the standard categories, the underlying
329     // operating system is allowed to define extra LC_*
330     // macros. For GNU systems, the following are also valid:
331     // LC_PAPER, LC_NAME, LC_ADDRESS, LC_TELEPHONE, LC_MEASUREMENT,
332     // and LC_IDENTIFICATION.
333     enum { _S_categories_size = 6 + _GLIBCXX_NUM_CATEGORIES };
334 
335 #ifdef __GTHREADS
336     static __gthread_once_t _S_once;
337 #endif
338 
339     explicit
340     locale(_Impl*) throw();
341 
342     static void
343     _S_initialize();
344 
345     static void
346     _S_initialize_once() throw();
347 
348     static category
349     _S_normalize_category(category);
350 
351     void
352     _M_coalesce(const locale& __base, const locale& __add, category __cat);
353 
354 #if _GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI
355     static const id* const _S_twinned_facets[];
356 #endif
357   };
358 
359 
360   // 22.1.1.1.2  Class locale::facet
361   /**
362    *  @brief  Localization functionality base class.
363    *  @ingroup locales
364    *
365    *  The facet class is the base class for a localization feature, such as
366    *  money, time, and number printing.  It provides common support for facets
367    *  and reference management.
368    *
369    *  Facets may not be copied or assigned.
370   */
371   class locale::facet
372   {
373   private:
374     friend class locale;
375     friend class locale::_Impl;
376 
377     mutable _Atomic_word		_M_refcount;
378 
379     // Contains data from the underlying "C" library for the classic locale.
380     static __c_locale                   _S_c_locale;
381 
382     // String literal for the name of the classic locale.
383     static const char			_S_c_name[2];
384 
385 #ifdef __GTHREADS
386     static __gthread_once_t		_S_once;
387 #endif
388 
389     static void
390     _S_initialize_once();
391 
392   protected:
393     /**
394      *  @brief  Facet constructor.
395      *
396      *  This is the constructor provided by the standard.  If refs is 0, the
397      *  facet is destroyed when the last referencing locale is destroyed.
398      *  Otherwise the facet will never be destroyed.
399      *
400      *  @param __refs  The initial value for reference count.
401     */
402     explicit
403     facet(size_t __refs = 0) throw() : _M_refcount(__refs ? 1 : 0)
404     { }
405 
406     /// Facet destructor.
407     virtual
408     ~facet();
409 
410     static void
411     _S_create_c_locale(__c_locale& __cloc, const char* __s,
412 		       __c_locale __old = 0);
413 
414     static __c_locale
415     _S_clone_c_locale(__c_locale& __cloc) throw();
416 
417     static void
418     _S_destroy_c_locale(__c_locale& __cloc);
419 
420     static __c_locale
421     _S_lc_ctype_c_locale(__c_locale __cloc, const char* __s);
422 
423     // Returns data from the underlying "C" library data for the
424     // classic locale.
425     static __c_locale
426     _S_get_c_locale();
427 
428     _GLIBCXX_CONST static const char*
429     _S_get_c_name() throw();
430 
431 #if __cplusplus < 201103L
432   private:
433     facet(const facet&);  // Not defined.
434 
435     facet&
436     operator=(const facet&);  // Not defined.
437 #else
438     facet(const facet&) = delete;
439 
440     facet&
441     operator=(const facet&) = delete;
442 #endif
443 
444   private:
445     void
446     _M_add_reference() const throw()
447     { __gnu_cxx::__atomic_add_dispatch(&_M_refcount, 1); }
448 
449     void
450     _M_remove_reference() const throw()
451     {
452       // Be race-detector-friendly.  For more info see bits/c++config.
453       _GLIBCXX_SYNCHRONIZATION_HAPPENS_BEFORE(&_M_refcount);
454       if (__gnu_cxx::__exchange_and_add_dispatch(&_M_refcount, -1) == 1)
455 	{
456           _GLIBCXX_SYNCHRONIZATION_HAPPENS_AFTER(&_M_refcount);
457 	  __try
458 	    { delete this; }
459 	  __catch(...)
460 	    { }
461 	}
462     }
463 
464     const facet* _M_sso_shim(const id*) const;
465     const facet* _M_cow_shim(const id*) const;
466 
467   protected:
468     class __shim; // For internal use only.
469   };
470 
471 
472   // 22.1.1.1.3 Class locale::id
473   /**
474    *  @brief  Facet ID class.
475    *  @ingroup locales
476    *
477    *  The ID class provides facets with an index used to identify them.
478    *  Every facet class must define a public static member locale::id, or be
479    *  derived from a facet that provides this member, otherwise the facet
480    *  cannot be used in a locale.  The locale::id ensures that each class
481    *  type gets a unique identifier.
482   */
483   class locale::id
484   {
485   private:
486     friend class locale;
487     friend class locale::_Impl;
488 
489     template<typename _Facet>
490       friend const _Facet&
491       use_facet(const locale&);
492 
493     template<typename _Facet>
494       friend bool
495       has_facet(const locale&) throw();
496 
497     // NB: There is no accessor for _M_index because it may be used
498     // before the constructor is run; the effect of calling a member
499     // function (even an inline) would be undefined.
500     mutable size_t		_M_index;
501 
502     // Last id number assigned.
503     static _Atomic_word		_S_refcount;
504 
505     void
506     operator=(const id&);  // Not defined.
507 
508     id(const id&);  // Not defined.
509 
510   public:
511     // NB: This class is always a static data member, and thus can be
512     // counted on to be zero-initialized.
513     /// Constructor.
514     id() { }
515 
516     size_t
517     _M_id() const throw();
518   };
519 
520 
521   // Implementation object for locale.
522   class locale::_Impl
523   {
524   public:
525     // Friends.
526     friend class locale;
527     friend class locale::facet;
528 
529     template<typename _Facet>
530       friend bool
531       has_facet(const locale&) throw();
532 
533     template<typename _Facet>
534       friend const _Facet&
535       use_facet(const locale&);
536 
537     template<typename _Cache>
538       friend struct __use_cache;
539 
540   private:
541     // Data Members.
542     _Atomic_word			_M_refcount;
543     const facet**			_M_facets;
544     size_t				_M_facets_size;
545     const facet**			_M_caches;
546     char**				_M_names;
547     static const locale::id* const	_S_id_ctype[];
548     static const locale::id* const	_S_id_numeric[];
549     static const locale::id* const	_S_id_collate[];
550     static const locale::id* const	_S_id_time[];
551     static const locale::id* const	_S_id_monetary[];
552     static const locale::id* const	_S_id_messages[];
553     static const locale::id* const* const _S_facet_categories[];
554 
555     void
556     _M_add_reference() throw()
557     { __gnu_cxx::__atomic_add_dispatch(&_M_refcount, 1); }
558 
559     void
560     _M_remove_reference() throw()
561     {
562       // Be race-detector-friendly.  For more info see bits/c++config.
563       _GLIBCXX_SYNCHRONIZATION_HAPPENS_BEFORE(&_M_refcount);
564       if (__gnu_cxx::__exchange_and_add_dispatch(&_M_refcount, -1) == 1)
565 	{
566           _GLIBCXX_SYNCHRONIZATION_HAPPENS_AFTER(&_M_refcount);
567 	  __try
568 	    { delete this; }
569 	  __catch(...)
570 	    { }
571 	}
572     }
573 
574     _Impl(const _Impl&, size_t);
575     _Impl(const char*, size_t);
576     _Impl(size_t) throw();
577 
578    ~_Impl() throw();
579 
580     _Impl(const _Impl&);  // Not defined.
581 
582     void
583     operator=(const _Impl&);  // Not defined.
584 
585     bool
586     _M_check_same_name()
587     {
588       bool __ret = true;
589       if (_M_names[1])
590 	// We must actually compare all the _M_names: can be all equal!
591 	for (size_t __i = 0; __ret && __i < _S_categories_size - 1; ++__i)
592 	  __ret = __builtin_strcmp(_M_names[__i], _M_names[__i + 1]) == 0;
593       return __ret;
594     }
595 
596     void
597     _M_replace_categories(const _Impl*, category);
598 
599     void
600     _M_replace_category(const _Impl*, const locale::id* const*);
601 
602     void
603     _M_replace_facet(const _Impl*, const locale::id*);
604 
605     void
606     _M_install_facet(const locale::id*, const facet*);
607 
608     template<typename _Facet>
609       void
610       _M_init_facet(_Facet* __facet)
611       { _M_install_facet(&_Facet::id, __facet); }
612 
613     template<typename _Facet>
614       void
615       _M_init_facet_unchecked(_Facet* __facet)
616       {
617 	__facet->_M_add_reference();
618 	_M_facets[_Facet::id._M_id()] = __facet;
619       }
620 
621     void
622     _M_install_cache(const facet*, size_t);
623 
624     void _M_init_extra(facet**);
625     void _M_init_extra(void*, void*, const char*, const char*);
626   };
627 
628 
629   /**
630    *  @brief  Facet for localized string comparison.
631    *
632    *  This facet encapsulates the code to compare strings in a localized
633    *  manner.
634    *
635    *  The collate template uses protected virtual functions to provide
636    *  the actual results.  The public accessors forward the call to
637    *  the virtual functions.  These virtual functions are hooks for
638    *  developers to implement the behavior they require from the
639    *  collate facet.
640   */
641   template<typename _CharT>
642     class _GLIBCXX_NAMESPACE_CXX11 collate : public locale::facet
643     {
644     public:
645       // Types:
646       //@{
647       /// Public typedefs
648       typedef _CharT			char_type;
649       typedef basic_string<_CharT>	string_type;
650       //@}
651 
652     protected:
653       // Underlying "C" library locale information saved from
654       // initialization, needed by collate_byname as well.
655       __c_locale			_M_c_locale_collate;
656 
657     public:
658       /// Numpunct facet id.
659       static locale::id			id;
660 
661       /**
662        *  @brief  Constructor performs initialization.
663        *
664        *  This is the constructor provided by the standard.
665        *
666        *  @param __refs  Passed to the base facet class.
667       */
668       explicit
669       collate(size_t __refs = 0)
670       : facet(__refs), _M_c_locale_collate(_S_get_c_locale())
671       { }
672 
673       /**
674        *  @brief  Internal constructor. Not for general use.
675        *
676        *  This is a constructor for use by the library itself to set up new
677        *  locales.
678        *
679        *  @param __cloc  The C locale.
680        *  @param __refs  Passed to the base facet class.
681       */
682       explicit
683       collate(__c_locale __cloc, size_t __refs = 0)
684       : facet(__refs), _M_c_locale_collate(_S_clone_c_locale(__cloc))
685       { }
686 
687       /**
688        *  @brief  Compare two strings.
689        *
690        *  This function compares two strings and returns the result by calling
691        *  collate::do_compare().
692        *
693        *  @param __lo1  Start of string 1.
694        *  @param __hi1  End of string 1.
695        *  @param __lo2  Start of string 2.
696        *  @param __hi2  End of string 2.
697        *  @return  1 if string1 > string2, -1 if string1 < string2, else 0.
698       */
699       int
700       compare(const _CharT* __lo1, const _CharT* __hi1,
701 	      const _CharT* __lo2, const _CharT* __hi2) const
702       { return this->do_compare(__lo1, __hi1, __lo2, __hi2); }
703 
704       /**
705        *  @brief  Transform string to comparable form.
706        *
707        *  This function is a wrapper for strxfrm functionality.  It takes the
708        *  input string and returns a modified string that can be directly
709        *  compared to other transformed strings.  In the C locale, this
710        *  function just returns a copy of the input string.  In some other
711        *  locales, it may replace two chars with one, change a char for
712        *  another, etc.  It does so by returning collate::do_transform().
713        *
714        *  @param __lo  Start of string.
715        *  @param __hi  End of string.
716        *  @return  Transformed string_type.
717       */
718       string_type
719       transform(const _CharT* __lo, const _CharT* __hi) const
720       { return this->do_transform(__lo, __hi); }
721 
722       /**
723        *  @brief  Return hash of a string.
724        *
725        *  This function computes and returns a hash on the input string.  It
726        *  does so by returning collate::do_hash().
727        *
728        *  @param __lo  Start of string.
729        *  @param __hi  End of string.
730        *  @return  Hash value.
731       */
732       long
733       hash(const _CharT* __lo, const _CharT* __hi) const
734       { return this->do_hash(__lo, __hi); }
735 
736       // Used to abstract out _CharT bits in virtual member functions, below.
737       int
738       _M_compare(const _CharT*, const _CharT*) const throw();
739 
740       size_t
741       _M_transform(_CharT*, const _CharT*, size_t) const throw();
742 
743   protected:
744       /// Destructor.
745       virtual
746       ~collate()
747       { _S_destroy_c_locale(_M_c_locale_collate); }
748 
749       /**
750        *  @brief  Compare two strings.
751        *
752        *  This function is a hook for derived classes to change the value
753        *  returned.  @see compare().
754        *
755        *  @param __lo1  Start of string 1.
756        *  @param __hi1  End of string 1.
757        *  @param __lo2  Start of string 2.
758        *  @param __hi2  End of string 2.
759        *  @return  1 if string1 > string2, -1 if string1 < string2, else 0.
760       */
761       virtual int
762       do_compare(const _CharT* __lo1, const _CharT* __hi1,
763 		 const _CharT* __lo2, const _CharT* __hi2) const;
764 
765       /**
766        *  @brief  Transform string to comparable form.
767        *
768        *  This function is a hook for derived classes to change the value
769        *  returned.
770        *
771        *  @param __lo  Start.
772        *  @param __hi  End.
773        *  @return  transformed string.
774       */
775       virtual string_type
776       do_transform(const _CharT* __lo, const _CharT* __hi) const;
777 
778       /**
779        *  @brief  Return hash of a string.
780        *
781        *  This function computes and returns a hash on the input string.  This
782        *  function is a hook for derived classes to change the value returned.
783        *
784        *  @param __lo  Start of string.
785        *  @param __hi  End of string.
786        *  @return  Hash value.
787       */
788       virtual long
789       do_hash(const _CharT* __lo, const _CharT* __hi) const;
790     };
791 
792   template<typename _CharT>
793     locale::id collate<_CharT>::id;
794 
795   // Specializations.
796   template<>
797     int
798     collate<char>::_M_compare(const char*, const char*) const throw();
799 
800   template<>
801     size_t
802     collate<char>::_M_transform(char*, const char*, size_t) const throw();
803 
804 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
805   template<>
806     int
807     collate<wchar_t>::_M_compare(const wchar_t*, const wchar_t*) const throw();
808 
809   template<>
810     size_t
811     collate<wchar_t>::_M_transform(wchar_t*, const wchar_t*, size_t) const throw();
812 #endif
813 
814   /// class collate_byname [22.2.4.2].
815   template<typename _CharT>
816     class _GLIBCXX_NAMESPACE_CXX11 collate_byname : public collate<_CharT>
817     {
818     public:
819       //@{
820       /// Public typedefs
821       typedef _CharT               char_type;
822       typedef basic_string<_CharT> string_type;
823       //@}
824 
825       explicit
826       collate_byname(const char* __s, size_t __refs = 0)
827       : collate<_CharT>(__refs)
828       {
829 	if (__builtin_strcmp(__s, "C") != 0
830 	    && __builtin_strcmp(__s, "POSIX") != 0)
831 	  {
832 	    this->_S_destroy_c_locale(this->_M_c_locale_collate);
833 	    this->_S_create_c_locale(this->_M_c_locale_collate, __s);
834 	  }
835       }
836 
837 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
838       explicit
839       collate_byname(const string& __s, size_t __refs = 0)
840       : collate_byname(__s.c_str(), __refs) { }
841 #endif
842 
843     protected:
844       virtual
845       ~collate_byname() { }
846     };
847 
848 _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
849 } // namespace
850 
851 # include <bits/locale_classes.tcc>
852 
853 #endif
854