1 // Implementation of std::function -*- C++ -*-
2 
3 // Copyright (C) 2004-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 //
5 // This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
6 // software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
7 // terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
8 // Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
9 // any later version.
10 
11 // This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
14 // GNU General Public License for more details.
15 
16 // Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
17 // permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
18 // 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
19 
20 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
21 // a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
22 // see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
23 // <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
24 
25 /** @file include/bits/std_function.h
26  *  This is an internal header file, included by other library headers.
27  *  Do not attempt to use it directly. @headername{functional}
28  */
29 
30 #ifndef _GLIBCXX_STD_FUNCTION_H
31 #define _GLIBCXX_STD_FUNCTION_H 1
32 
33 #pragma GCC system_header
34 
35 #if __cplusplus < 201103L
36 # include <bits/c++0x_warning.h>
37 #else
38 
39 #if __cpp_rtti
40 # include <typeinfo>
41 #endif
42 #include <bits/stl_function.h>
43 #include <bits/invoke.h>
44 #include <bits/refwrap.h>
45 #include <bits/functexcept.h>
46 
47 namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
48 {
49 _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
50 
51   /**
52    *  @brief Exception class thrown when class template function's
53    *  operator() is called with an empty target.
54    *  @ingroup exceptions
55    */
56   class bad_function_call : public std::exception
57   {
58   public:
59     virtual ~bad_function_call() noexcept;
60 
61     const char* what() const noexcept;
62   };
63 
64   /**
65    *  Trait identifying "location-invariant" types, meaning that the
66    *  address of the object (or any of its members) will not escape.
67    *  Trivially copyable types are location-invariant and users can
68    *  specialize this trait for other types.
69    */
70   template<typename _Tp>
71     struct __is_location_invariant
72     : is_trivially_copyable<_Tp>::type
73     { };
74 
75   class _Undefined_class;
76 
77   union _Nocopy_types
78   {
79     void*       _M_object;
80     const void* _M_const_object;
81     void (*_M_function_pointer)();
82     void (_Undefined_class::*_M_member_pointer)();
83   };
84 
85   union [[gnu::may_alias]] _Any_data
86   {
87     void*       _M_access()       { return &_M_pod_data[0]; }
88     const void* _M_access() const { return &_M_pod_data[0]; }
89 
90     template<typename _Tp>
91       _Tp&
92       _M_access()
93       { return *static_cast<_Tp*>(_M_access()); }
94 
95     template<typename _Tp>
96       const _Tp&
97       _M_access() const
98       { return *static_cast<const _Tp*>(_M_access()); }
99 
100     _Nocopy_types _M_unused;
101     char _M_pod_data[sizeof(_Nocopy_types)];
102   };
103 
104   enum _Manager_operation
105   {
106     __get_type_info,
107     __get_functor_ptr,
108     __clone_functor,
109     __destroy_functor
110   };
111 
112   // Simple type wrapper that helps avoid annoying const problems
113   // when casting between void pointers and pointers-to-pointers.
114   template<typename _Tp>
115     struct _Simple_type_wrapper
116     {
117       _Simple_type_wrapper(_Tp __value) : __value(__value) { }
118 
119       _Tp __value;
120     };
121 
122   template<typename _Tp>
123     struct __is_location_invariant<_Simple_type_wrapper<_Tp> >
124     : __is_location_invariant<_Tp>
125     { };
126 
127   template<typename _Signature>
128     class function;
129 
130   /// Base class of all polymorphic function object wrappers.
131   class _Function_base
132   {
133   public:
134     static const std::size_t _M_max_size = sizeof(_Nocopy_types);
135     static const std::size_t _M_max_align = __alignof__(_Nocopy_types);
136 
137     template<typename _Functor>
138       class _Base_manager
139       {
140       protected:
141 	static const bool __stored_locally =
142 	(__is_location_invariant<_Functor>::value
143 	 && sizeof(_Functor) <= _M_max_size
144 	 && __alignof__(_Functor) <= _M_max_align
145 	 && (_M_max_align % __alignof__(_Functor) == 0));
146 
147 	typedef integral_constant<bool, __stored_locally> _Local_storage;
148 
149 	// Retrieve a pointer to the function object
150 	static _Functor*
151 	_M_get_pointer(const _Any_data& __source)
152 	{
153 	  const _Functor* __ptr =
154 	    __stored_locally? std::__addressof(__source._M_access<_Functor>())
155 	    /* have stored a pointer */ : __source._M_access<_Functor*>();
156 	  return const_cast<_Functor*>(__ptr);
157 	}
158 
159 	// Clone a location-invariant function object that fits within
160 	// an _Any_data structure.
161 	static void
162 	_M_clone(_Any_data& __dest, const _Any_data& __source, true_type)
163 	{
164 	  ::new (__dest._M_access()) _Functor(__source._M_access<_Functor>());
165 	}
166 
167 	// Clone a function object that is not location-invariant or
168 	// that cannot fit into an _Any_data structure.
169 	static void
170 	_M_clone(_Any_data& __dest, const _Any_data& __source, false_type)
171 	{
172 	  __dest._M_access<_Functor*>() =
173 	    new _Functor(*__source._M_access<_Functor*>());
174 	}
175 
176 	// Destroying a location-invariant object may still require
177 	// destruction.
178 	static void
179 	_M_destroy(_Any_data& __victim, true_type)
180 	{
181 	  __victim._M_access<_Functor>().~_Functor();
182 	}
183 
184 	// Destroying an object located on the heap.
185 	static void
186 	_M_destroy(_Any_data& __victim, false_type)
187 	{
188 	  delete __victim._M_access<_Functor*>();
189 	}
190 
191       public:
192 	static bool
193 	_M_manager(_Any_data& __dest, const _Any_data& __source,
194 		   _Manager_operation __op)
195 	{
196 	  switch (__op)
197 	    {
198 #if __cpp_rtti
199 	    case __get_type_info:
200 	      __dest._M_access<const type_info*>() = &typeid(_Functor);
201 	      break;
202 #endif
203 	    case __get_functor_ptr:
204 	      __dest._M_access<_Functor*>() = _M_get_pointer(__source);
205 	      break;
206 
207 	    case __clone_functor:
208 	      _M_clone(__dest, __source, _Local_storage());
209 	      break;
210 
211 	    case __destroy_functor:
212 	      _M_destroy(__dest, _Local_storage());
213 	      break;
214 	    }
215 	  return false;
216 	}
217 
218 	static void
219 	_M_init_functor(_Any_data& __functor, _Functor&& __f)
220 	{ _M_init_functor(__functor, std::move(__f), _Local_storage()); }
221 
222 	template<typename _Signature>
223 	  static bool
224 	  _M_not_empty_function(const function<_Signature>& __f)
225 	  { return static_cast<bool>(__f); }
226 
227 	template<typename _Tp>
228 	  static bool
229 	  _M_not_empty_function(_Tp* __fp)
230 	  { return __fp != nullptr; }
231 
232 	template<typename _Class, typename _Tp>
233 	  static bool
234 	  _M_not_empty_function(_Tp _Class::* __mp)
235 	  { return __mp != nullptr; }
236 
237 	template<typename _Tp>
238 	  static bool
239 	  _M_not_empty_function(const _Tp&)
240 	  { return true; }
241 
242       private:
243 	static void
244 	_M_init_functor(_Any_data& __functor, _Functor&& __f, true_type)
245 	{ ::new (__functor._M_access()) _Functor(std::move(__f)); }
246 
247 	static void
248 	_M_init_functor(_Any_data& __functor, _Functor&& __f, false_type)
249 	{ __functor._M_access<_Functor*>() = new _Functor(std::move(__f)); }
250       };
251 
252     _Function_base() : _M_manager(nullptr) { }
253 
254     ~_Function_base()
255     {
256       if (_M_manager)
257 	_M_manager(_M_functor, _M_functor, __destroy_functor);
258     }
259 
260     bool _M_empty() const { return !_M_manager; }
261 
262     typedef bool (*_Manager_type)(_Any_data&, const _Any_data&,
263 				  _Manager_operation);
264 
265     _Any_data     _M_functor;
266     _Manager_type _M_manager;
267   };
268 
269   template<typename _Signature, typename _Functor>
270     class _Function_handler;
271 
272   template<typename _Res, typename _Functor, typename... _ArgTypes>
273     class _Function_handler<_Res(_ArgTypes...), _Functor>
274     : public _Function_base::_Base_manager<_Functor>
275     {
276       typedef _Function_base::_Base_manager<_Functor> _Base;
277 
278     public:
279       static _Res
280       _M_invoke(const _Any_data& __functor, _ArgTypes&&... __args)
281       {
282 	return (*_Base::_M_get_pointer(__functor))(
283 	    std::forward<_ArgTypes>(__args)...);
284       }
285     };
286 
287   template<typename _Functor, typename... _ArgTypes>
288     class _Function_handler<void(_ArgTypes...), _Functor>
289     : public _Function_base::_Base_manager<_Functor>
290     {
291       typedef _Function_base::_Base_manager<_Functor> _Base;
292 
293      public:
294       static void
295       _M_invoke(const _Any_data& __functor, _ArgTypes&&... __args)
296       {
297 	(*_Base::_M_get_pointer(__functor))(
298 	    std::forward<_ArgTypes>(__args)...);
299       }
300     };
301 
302   template<typename _Class, typename _Member, typename _Res,
303 	   typename... _ArgTypes>
304     class _Function_handler<_Res(_ArgTypes...), _Member _Class::*>
305     : public _Function_handler<void(_ArgTypes...), _Member _Class::*>
306     {
307       typedef _Function_handler<void(_ArgTypes...), _Member _Class::*>
308 	_Base;
309 
310      public:
311       static _Res
312       _M_invoke(const _Any_data& __functor, _ArgTypes&&... __args)
313       {
314 	return std::__invoke(_Base::_M_get_pointer(__functor)->__value,
315 			     std::forward<_ArgTypes>(__args)...);
316       }
317     };
318 
319   template<typename _Class, typename _Member, typename... _ArgTypes>
320     class _Function_handler<void(_ArgTypes...), _Member _Class::*>
321     : public _Function_base::_Base_manager<
322 		 _Simple_type_wrapper< _Member _Class::* > >
323     {
324       typedef _Member _Class::* _Functor;
325       typedef _Simple_type_wrapper<_Functor> _Wrapper;
326       typedef _Function_base::_Base_manager<_Wrapper> _Base;
327 
328     public:
329       static bool
330       _M_manager(_Any_data& __dest, const _Any_data& __source,
331 		 _Manager_operation __op)
332       {
333 	switch (__op)
334 	  {
335 #if __cpp_rtti
336 	  case __get_type_info:
337 	    __dest._M_access<const type_info*>() = &typeid(_Functor);
338 	    break;
339 #endif
340 	  case __get_functor_ptr:
341 	    __dest._M_access<_Functor*>() =
342 	      &_Base::_M_get_pointer(__source)->__value;
343 	    break;
344 
345 	  default:
346 	    _Base::_M_manager(__dest, __source, __op);
347 	  }
348 	return false;
349       }
350 
351       static void
352       _M_invoke(const _Any_data& __functor, _ArgTypes&&... __args)
353       {
354 	std::__invoke(_Base::_M_get_pointer(__functor)->__value,
355 		      std::forward<_ArgTypes>(__args)...);
356       }
357     };
358 
359   template<typename _From, typename _To>
360     using __check_func_return_type
361       = __or_<is_void<_To>, is_same<_From, _To>, is_convertible<_From, _To>>;
362 
363   /**
364    *  @brief Primary class template for std::function.
365    *  @ingroup functors
366    *
367    *  Polymorphic function wrapper.
368    */
369   template<typename _Res, typename... _ArgTypes>
370     class function<_Res(_ArgTypes...)>
371     : public _Maybe_unary_or_binary_function<_Res, _ArgTypes...>,
372       private _Function_base
373     {
374       template<typename _Func,
375 	       typename _Res2 = typename result_of<_Func&(_ArgTypes...)>::type>
376 	struct _Callable : __check_func_return_type<_Res2, _Res> { };
377 
378       // Used so the return type convertibility checks aren't done when
379       // performing overload resolution for copy construction/assignment.
380       template<typename _Tp>
381 	struct _Callable<function, _Tp> : false_type { };
382 
383       template<typename _Cond, typename _Tp>
384 	using _Requires = typename enable_if<_Cond::value, _Tp>::type;
385 
386     public:
387       typedef _Res result_type;
388 
389       // [3.7.2.1] construct/copy/destroy
390 
391       /**
392        *  @brief Default construct creates an empty function call wrapper.
393        *  @post @c !(bool)*this
394        */
395       function() noexcept
396       : _Function_base() { }
397 
398       /**
399        *  @brief Creates an empty function call wrapper.
400        *  @post @c !(bool)*this
401        */
402       function(nullptr_t) noexcept
403       : _Function_base() { }
404 
405       /**
406        *  @brief %Function copy constructor.
407        *  @param __x A %function object with identical call signature.
408        *  @post @c bool(*this) == bool(__x)
409        *
410        *  The newly-created %function contains a copy of the target of @a
411        *  __x (if it has one).
412        */
413       function(const function& __x);
414 
415       /**
416        *  @brief %Function move constructor.
417        *  @param __x A %function object rvalue with identical call signature.
418        *
419        *  The newly-created %function contains the target of @a __x
420        *  (if it has one).
421        */
422       function(function&& __x) noexcept : _Function_base()
423       {
424 	__x.swap(*this);
425       }
426 
427       /**
428        *  @brief Builds a %function that targets a copy of the incoming
429        *  function object.
430        *  @param __f A %function object that is callable with parameters of
431        *  type @c T1, @c T2, ..., @c TN and returns a value convertible
432        *  to @c Res.
433        *
434        *  The newly-created %function object will target a copy of
435        *  @a __f. If @a __f is @c reference_wrapper<F>, then this function
436        *  object will contain a reference to the function object @c
437        *  __f.get(). If @a __f is a NULL function pointer or NULL
438        *  pointer-to-member, the newly-created object will be empty.
439        *
440        *  If @a __f is a non-NULL function pointer or an object of type @c
441        *  reference_wrapper<F>, this function will not throw.
442        */
443       template<typename _Functor,
444 	       typename = _Requires<__not_<is_same<_Functor, function>>, void>,
445 	       typename = _Requires<_Callable<_Functor>, void>>
446 	function(_Functor);
447 
448       /**
449        *  @brief %Function assignment operator.
450        *  @param __x A %function with identical call signature.
451        *  @post @c (bool)*this == (bool)x
452        *  @returns @c *this
453        *
454        *  The target of @a __x is copied to @c *this. If @a __x has no
455        *  target, then @c *this will be empty.
456        *
457        *  If @a __x targets a function pointer or a reference to a function
458        *  object, then this operation will not throw an %exception.
459        */
460       function&
461       operator=(const function& __x)
462       {
463 	function(__x).swap(*this);
464 	return *this;
465       }
466 
467       /**
468        *  @brief %Function move-assignment operator.
469        *  @param __x A %function rvalue with identical call signature.
470        *  @returns @c *this
471        *
472        *  The target of @a __x is moved to @c *this. If @a __x has no
473        *  target, then @c *this will be empty.
474        *
475        *  If @a __x targets a function pointer or a reference to a function
476        *  object, then this operation will not throw an %exception.
477        */
478       function&
479       operator=(function&& __x) noexcept
480       {
481 	function(std::move(__x)).swap(*this);
482 	return *this;
483       }
484 
485       /**
486        *  @brief %Function assignment to zero.
487        *  @post @c !(bool)*this
488        *  @returns @c *this
489        *
490        *  The target of @c *this is deallocated, leaving it empty.
491        */
492       function&
493       operator=(nullptr_t) noexcept
494       {
495 	if (_M_manager)
496 	  {
497 	    _M_manager(_M_functor, _M_functor, __destroy_functor);
498 	    _M_manager = nullptr;
499 	    _M_invoker = nullptr;
500 	  }
501 	return *this;
502       }
503 
504       /**
505        *  @brief %Function assignment to a new target.
506        *  @param __f A %function object that is callable with parameters of
507        *  type @c T1, @c T2, ..., @c TN and returns a value convertible
508        *  to @c Res.
509        *  @return @c *this
510        *
511        *  This  %function object wrapper will target a copy of @a
512        *  __f. If @a __f is @c reference_wrapper<F>, then this function
513        *  object will contain a reference to the function object @c
514        *  __f.get(). If @a __f is a NULL function pointer or NULL
515        *  pointer-to-member, @c this object will be empty.
516        *
517        *  If @a __f is a non-NULL function pointer or an object of type @c
518        *  reference_wrapper<F>, this function will not throw.
519        */
520       template<typename _Functor>
521 	_Requires<_Callable<typename decay<_Functor>::type>, function&>
522 	operator=(_Functor&& __f)
523 	{
524 	  function(std::forward<_Functor>(__f)).swap(*this);
525 	  return *this;
526 	}
527 
528       /// @overload
529       template<typename _Functor>
530 	function&
531 	operator=(reference_wrapper<_Functor> __f) noexcept
532 	{
533 	  function(__f).swap(*this);
534 	  return *this;
535 	}
536 
537       // [3.7.2.2] function modifiers
538 
539       /**
540        *  @brief Swap the targets of two %function objects.
541        *  @param __x A %function with identical call signature.
542        *
543        *  Swap the targets of @c this function object and @a __f. This
544        *  function will not throw an %exception.
545        */
546       void swap(function& __x) noexcept
547       {
548 	std::swap(_M_functor, __x._M_functor);
549 	std::swap(_M_manager, __x._M_manager);
550 	std::swap(_M_invoker, __x._M_invoker);
551       }
552 
553       // [3.7.2.3] function capacity
554 
555       /**
556        *  @brief Determine if the %function wrapper has a target.
557        *
558        *  @return @c true when this %function object contains a target,
559        *  or @c false when it is empty.
560        *
561        *  This function will not throw an %exception.
562        */
563       explicit operator bool() const noexcept
564       { return !_M_empty(); }
565 
566       // [3.7.2.4] function invocation
567 
568       /**
569        *  @brief Invokes the function targeted by @c *this.
570        *  @returns the result of the target.
571        *  @throws bad_function_call when @c !(bool)*this
572        *
573        *  The function call operator invokes the target function object
574        *  stored by @c this.
575        */
576       _Res operator()(_ArgTypes... __args) const;
577 
578 #if __cpp_rtti
579       // [3.7.2.5] function target access
580       /**
581        *  @brief Determine the type of the target of this function object
582        *  wrapper.
583        *
584        *  @returns the type identifier of the target function object, or
585        *  @c typeid(void) if @c !(bool)*this.
586        *
587        *  This function will not throw an %exception.
588        */
589       const type_info& target_type() const noexcept;
590 
591       /**
592        *  @brief Access the stored target function object.
593        *
594        *  @return Returns a pointer to the stored target function object,
595        *  if @c typeid(_Functor).equals(target_type()); otherwise, a NULL
596        *  pointer.
597        *
598        * This function does not throw exceptions.
599        *
600        * @{
601        */
602       template<typename _Functor>       _Functor* target() noexcept;
603 
604       template<typename _Functor> const _Functor* target() const noexcept;
605       // @}
606 #endif
607 
608     private:
609       using _Invoker_type = _Res (*)(const _Any_data&, _ArgTypes&&...);
610       _Invoker_type _M_invoker;
611   };
612 
613 #if __cpp_deduction_guides >= 201606
614   template<typename>
615     struct __function_guide_helper
616     { };
617 
618   template<typename _Res, typename _Tp, bool _Nx, typename... _Args>
619     struct __function_guide_helper<
620       _Res (_Tp::*) (_Args...) noexcept(_Nx)
621     >
622     { using type = _Res(_Args...); };
623 
624   template<typename _Res, typename _Tp, bool _Nx, typename... _Args>
625     struct __function_guide_helper<
626       _Res (_Tp::*) (_Args...) & noexcept(_Nx)
627     >
628     { using type = _Res(_Args...); };
629 
630   template<typename _Res, typename _Tp, bool _Nx, typename... _Args>
631     struct __function_guide_helper<
632       _Res (_Tp::*) (_Args...) const noexcept(_Nx)
633     >
634     { using type = _Res(_Args...); };
635 
636   template<typename _Res, typename _Tp, bool _Nx, typename... _Args>
637     struct __function_guide_helper<
638       _Res (_Tp::*) (_Args...) const & noexcept(_Nx)
639     >
640     { using type = _Res(_Args...); };
641 
642   template<typename _Res, typename... _ArgTypes>
643     function(_Res(*)(_ArgTypes...)) -> function<_Res(_ArgTypes...)>;
644 
645   template<typename _Functor, typename _Signature = typename
646 	   __function_guide_helper<decltype(&_Functor::operator())>::type>
647     function(_Functor) -> function<_Signature>;
648 #endif
649 
650   // Out-of-line member definitions.
651   template<typename _Res, typename... _ArgTypes>
652     function<_Res(_ArgTypes...)>::
653     function(const function& __x)
654     : _Function_base()
655     {
656       if (static_cast<bool>(__x))
657 	{
658 	  __x._M_manager(_M_functor, __x._M_functor, __clone_functor);
659 	  _M_invoker = __x._M_invoker;
660 	  _M_manager = __x._M_manager;
661 	}
662     }
663 
664   template<typename _Res, typename... _ArgTypes>
665     template<typename _Functor, typename, typename>
666       function<_Res(_ArgTypes...)>::
667       function(_Functor __f)
668       : _Function_base()
669       {
670 	typedef _Function_handler<_Res(_ArgTypes...), _Functor> _My_handler;
671 
672 	if (_My_handler::_M_not_empty_function(__f))
673 	  {
674 	    _My_handler::_M_init_functor(_M_functor, std::move(__f));
675 	    _M_invoker = &_My_handler::_M_invoke;
676 	    _M_manager = &_My_handler::_M_manager;
677 	  }
678       }
679 
680   template<typename _Res, typename... _ArgTypes>
681     _Res
682     function<_Res(_ArgTypes...)>::
683     operator()(_ArgTypes... __args) const
684     {
685       if (_M_empty())
686 	__throw_bad_function_call();
687       return _M_invoker(_M_functor, std::forward<_ArgTypes>(__args)...);
688     }
689 
690 #if __cpp_rtti
691   template<typename _Res, typename... _ArgTypes>
692     const type_info&
693     function<_Res(_ArgTypes...)>::
694     target_type() const noexcept
695     {
696       if (_M_manager)
697 	{
698 	  _Any_data __typeinfo_result;
699 	  _M_manager(__typeinfo_result, _M_functor, __get_type_info);
700 	  return *__typeinfo_result._M_access<const type_info*>();
701 	}
702       else
703 	return typeid(void);
704     }
705 
706   template<typename _Res, typename... _ArgTypes>
707     template<typename _Functor>
708       _Functor*
709       function<_Res(_ArgTypes...)>::
710       target() noexcept
711       {
712 	const function* __const_this = this;
713 	const _Functor* __func = __const_this->template target<_Functor>();
714 	return const_cast<_Functor*>(__func);
715       }
716 
717   template<typename _Res, typename... _ArgTypes>
718     template<typename _Functor>
719       const _Functor*
720       function<_Res(_ArgTypes...)>::
721       target() const noexcept
722       {
723 	if (typeid(_Functor) == target_type() && _M_manager)
724 	  {
725 	    _Any_data __ptr;
726 	    _M_manager(__ptr, _M_functor, __get_functor_ptr);
727 	    return __ptr._M_access<const _Functor*>();
728 	  }
729 	else
730 	  return nullptr;
731       }
732 #endif
733 
734   // [20.7.15.2.6] null pointer comparisons
735 
736   /**
737    *  @brief Compares a polymorphic function object wrapper against 0
738    *  (the NULL pointer).
739    *  @returns @c true if the wrapper has no target, @c false otherwise
740    *
741    *  This function will not throw an %exception.
742    */
743   template<typename _Res, typename... _Args>
744     inline bool
745     operator==(const function<_Res(_Args...)>& __f, nullptr_t) noexcept
746     { return !static_cast<bool>(__f); }
747 
748   /// @overload
749   template<typename _Res, typename... _Args>
750     inline bool
751     operator==(nullptr_t, const function<_Res(_Args...)>& __f) noexcept
752     { return !static_cast<bool>(__f); }
753 
754   /**
755    *  @brief Compares a polymorphic function object wrapper against 0
756    *  (the NULL pointer).
757    *  @returns @c false if the wrapper has no target, @c true otherwise
758    *
759    *  This function will not throw an %exception.
760    */
761   template<typename _Res, typename... _Args>
762     inline bool
763     operator!=(const function<_Res(_Args...)>& __f, nullptr_t) noexcept
764     { return static_cast<bool>(__f); }
765 
766   /// @overload
767   template<typename _Res, typename... _Args>
768     inline bool
769     operator!=(nullptr_t, const function<_Res(_Args...)>& __f) noexcept
770     { return static_cast<bool>(__f); }
771 
772 
773   // [20.7.15.2.7] specialized algorithms
774 
775   /**
776    *  @brief Swap the targets of two polymorphic function object wrappers.
777    *
778    *  This function will not throw an %exception.
779    */
780   // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
781   // 2062. Effect contradictions w/o no-throw guarantee of std::function swaps
782   template<typename _Res, typename... _Args>
783     inline void
784     swap(function<_Res(_Args...)>& __x, function<_Res(_Args...)>& __y) noexcept
785     { __x.swap(__y); }
786 
787 _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
788 } // namespace std
789 
790 #endif // C++11
791 
792 #endif // _GLIBCXX_STD_FUNCTION_H
793