1.\" $Id: mandoc_char.7,v 1.45 2011/05/15 15:30:33 kristaps Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 2009 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv> 4.\" 5.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any 6.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above 7.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. 8.\" 9.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES 10.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 11.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR 12.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES 13.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN 14.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF 15.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 16.\" 17.Dd $Mdocdate: May 15 2011 $ 18.Dt MANDOC_CHAR 7 19.Os 20.Sh NAME 21.Nm mandoc_char 22.Nd mandoc special characters 23.Sh DESCRIPTION 24This page documents the special characters and predefined strings accepted by 25.Xr mandoc 1 26to format 27.Xr mdoc 7 28and 29.Xr man 7 30documents. 31.Pp 32Both 33.Xr mdoc 7 34and 35.Xr man 7 36encode special characters with 37.Sq \eX 38.Pq for a one-character escape , 39.Sq \e(XX 40.Pq two-character , 41and 42.Sq \e[N] 43.Pq N-character . 44One may generalise 45.Sq \e(XX 46as 47.Sq \e[XX] 48and 49.Sq \eX 50as 51.Sq \e[X] . 52Predefined strings are functionally similar to special characters, using 53.Sq \e*X 54.Pq for a one-character escape , 55.Sq \e*(XX 56.Pq two-character , 57and 58.Sq \e*[N] 59.Pq N-character . 60One may generalise 61.Sq \e*(XX 62as 63.Sq \e*[XX] 64and 65.Sq \e*X 66as 67.Sq \e*[X] . 68.Pp 69Note that each output mode will have a different rendering of the 70characters. 71It's guaranteed that each input symbol will correspond to a 72(more or less) meaningful output rendering, regardless the mode. 73.Sh SPECIAL CHARACTERS 74These are the preferred input symbols for producing special characters. 75.Pp 76Spacing: 77.Bl -column -compact -offset indent "Input" "Description" 78.It Em Input Ta Em Description 79.It \e~ Ta non-breaking, non-collapsing space 80.It \e Ta breaking, non-collapsing n-width space 81.It \e^ Ta zero-width space 82.It \e% Ta zero-width space 83.It \e& Ta zero-width space 84.It \e| Ta zero-width space 85.It \e0 Ta breaking, non-collapsing digit-width space 86.It \ec Ta removes any trailing space (if applicable) 87.El 88.Pp 89Lines: 90.Bl -column -compact -offset indent "Input" "Rendered" "Description" 91.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description 92.It \e(ba Ta \(ba Ta bar 93.It \e(br Ta \(br Ta box rule 94.It \e(ul Ta \(ul Ta underscore 95.It \e(rl Ta \(rl Ta overline 96.It \e(bb Ta \(bb Ta broken bar 97.It \e(sl Ta \(sl Ta forward slash 98.It \e(rs Ta \(rs Ta backward slash 99.El 100.Pp 101Text markers: 102.Bl -column -compact -offset indent "Input" "Rendered" "Description" 103.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description 104.It \e(ci Ta \(ci Ta circle 105.It \e(bu Ta \(bu Ta bullet 106.It \e(dd Ta \(dd Ta double dagger 107.It \e(dg Ta \(dg Ta dagger 108.It \e(lz Ta \(lz Ta lozenge 109.It \e(sq Ta \(sq Ta white square 110.It \e(ps Ta \(ps Ta paragraph 111.It \e(sc Ta \(sc Ta section 112.It \e(lh Ta \(lh Ta left hand 113.It \e(rh Ta \(rh Ta right hand 114.It \e(at Ta \(at Ta at 115.It \e(sh Ta \(sh Ta hash (pound) 116.It \e(CR Ta \(CR Ta carriage return 117.It \e(OK Ta \(OK Ta check mark 118.El 119.Pp 120Legal symbols: 121.Bl -column -compact -offset indent "Input" "Rendered" "Description" 122.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description 123.It \e(co Ta \(co Ta copyright 124.It \e(rg Ta \(rg Ta registered 125.It \e(tm Ta \(tm Ta trademarked 126.El 127.Pp 128Punctuation: 129.Bl -column -compact -offset indent "Input" "Rendered" "Description" 130.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description 131.It \e(em Ta \(em Ta em-dash 132.It \e(en Ta \(en Ta en-dash 133.It \e(hy Ta \(hy Ta hyphen 134.It \ee Ta \e Ta back-slash 135.It \e. Ta \. Ta period 136.It \e(r! Ta \(r! Ta upside-down exclamation 137.It \e(r? Ta \(r? Ta upside-down question 138.El 139.Pp 140Quotes: 141.Bl -column -compact -offset indent "Input" "Rendered" "Description" 142.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description 143.It \e(Bq Ta \(Bq Ta right low double-quote 144.It \e(bq Ta \(bq Ta right low single-quote 145.It \e(lq Ta \(lq Ta left double-quote 146.It \e(rq Ta \(rq Ta right double-quote 147.It \e(oq Ta \(oq Ta left single-quote 148.It \e(cq Ta \(cq Ta right single-quote 149.It \e(aq Ta \(aq Ta apostrophe quote (text) 150.It \e(dq Ta \(dq Ta double quote (text) 151.It \e(Fo Ta \(Fo Ta left guillemet 152.It \e(Fc Ta \(Fc Ta right guillemet 153.It \e(fo Ta \(fo Ta left single guillemet 154.It \e(fc Ta \(fc Ta right single guillemet 155.El 156.Pp 157Brackets: 158.Bl -column -compact -offset indent "xxbracketrightbpx" Rendered Description 159.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description 160.It \e(lB Ta \(lB Ta left bracket 161.It \e(rB Ta \(rB Ta right bracket 162.It \e(lC Ta \(lC Ta left brace 163.It \e(rC Ta \(rC Ta right brace 164.It \e(la Ta \(la Ta left angle 165.It \e(ra Ta \(ra Ta right angle 166.It \e(bv Ta \(bv Ta brace extension 167.It \e[braceex] Ta \[braceex] Ta brace extension 168.It \e[bracketlefttp] Ta \[bracketlefttp] Ta top-left hooked bracket 169.It \e[bracketleftbp] Ta \[bracketleftbp] Ta bottom-left hooked bracket 170.It \e[bracketleftex] Ta \[bracketleftex] Ta left hooked bracket extension 171.It \e[bracketrighttp] Ta \[bracketrighttp] Ta top-right hooked bracket 172.It \e[bracketrightbp] Ta \[bracketrightbp] Ta bottom-right hooked bracket 173.It \e[bracketrightex] Ta \[bracketrightex] Ta right hooked bracket extension 174.It \e(lt Ta \(lt Ta top-left hooked brace 175.It \e[bracelefttp] Ta \[bracelefttp] Ta top-left hooked brace 176.It \e(lk Ta \(lk Ta mid-left hooked brace 177.It \e[braceleftmid] Ta \[braceleftmid] Ta mid-left hooked brace 178.It \e(lb Ta \(lb Ta bottom-left hooked brace 179.It \e[braceleftbp] Ta \[braceleftbp] Ta bottom-left hooked brace 180.It \e[braceleftex] Ta \[braceleftex] Ta left hooked brace extension 181.It \e(rt Ta \(rt Ta top-left hooked brace 182.It \e[bracerighttp] Ta \[bracerighttp] Ta top-right hooked brace 183.It \e(rk Ta \(rk Ta mid-right hooked brace 184.It \e[bracerightmid] Ta \[bracerightmid] Ta mid-right hooked brace 185.It \e(rb Ta \(rb Ta bottom-right hooked brace 186.It \e[bracerightbp] Ta \[bracerightbp] Ta bottom-right hooked brace 187.It \e[bracerightex] Ta \[bracerightex] Ta right hooked brace extension 188.It \e[parenlefttp] Ta \[parenlefttp] Ta top-left hooked parenthesis 189.It \e[parenleftbp] Ta \[parenleftbp] Ta bottom-left hooked parenthesis 190.It \e[parenleftex] Ta \[parenleftex] Ta left hooked parenthesis extension 191.It \e[parenrighttp] Ta \[parenrighttp] Ta top-right hooked parenthesis 192.It \e[parenrightbp] Ta \[parenrightbp] Ta bottom-right hooked parenthesis 193.It \e[parenrightex] Ta \[parenrightex] Ta right hooked parenthesis extension 194.El 195.Pp 196Arrows: 197.Bl -column -compact -offset indent "Input" "Rendered" "Description" 198.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description 199.It \e(<- Ta \(<- Ta left arrow 200.It \e(-> Ta \(-> Ta right arrow 201.It \e(<> Ta \(<> Ta left-right arrow 202.It \e(da Ta \(da Ta down arrow 203.It \e(ua Ta \(ua Ta up arrow 204.It \e(va Ta \(va Ta up-down arrow 205.It \e(lA Ta \(lA Ta left double-arrow 206.It \e(rA Ta \(rA Ta right double-arrow 207.It \e(hA Ta \(hA Ta left-right double-arrow 208.It \e(uA Ta \(uA Ta up double-arrow 209.It \e(dA Ta \(dA Ta down double-arrow 210.It \e(vA Ta \(vA Ta up-down double-arrow 211.El 212.Pp 213Logical: 214.Bl -column -compact -offset indent "Input" "Rendered" "Description" 215.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description 216.It \e(AN Ta \(AN Ta logical and 217.It \e(OR Ta \(OR Ta logical or 218.It \e(no Ta \(no Ta logical not 219.It \e[tno] Ta \[tno] Ta logical not (text) 220.It \e(te Ta \(te Ta existential quantifier 221.It \e(fa Ta \(fa Ta universal quantifier 222.It \e(st Ta \(st Ta such that 223.It \e(tf Ta \(tf Ta therefore 224.It \e(3d Ta \(3d Ta therefore 225.It \e(or Ta \(or Ta bitwise or 226.El 227.Pp 228Mathematical: 229.Bl -column -compact -offset indent "xxcoproductxx" "Rendered" "Description" 230.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description 231.It \e(pl Ta \(pl Ta plus 232.It \e(mi Ta \(mi Ta minus 233.It \e- Ta \- Ta minus (text) 234.It \e(-+ Ta \(-+ Ta minus-plus 235.It \e(+- Ta \(+- Ta plus-minus 236.It \e[t+-] Ta \[t+-] Ta plus-minus (text) 237.It \e(pc Ta \(pc Ta centre-dot 238.It \e(mu Ta \(mu Ta multiply 239.It \e[tmu] Ta \[tmu] Ta multiply (text) 240.It \e(c* Ta \(c* Ta circle-multiply 241.It \e(c+ Ta \(c+ Ta circle-plus 242.It \e(di Ta \(di Ta divide 243.It \e[tdi] Ta \[tdi] Ta divide (text) 244.It \e(f/ Ta \(f/ Ta fraction 245.It \e(** Ta \(** Ta asterisk 246.It \e(<= Ta \(<= Ta less-than-equal 247.It \e(>= Ta \(>= Ta greater-than-equal 248.It \e(<< Ta \(<< Ta much less 249.It \e(>> Ta \(>> Ta much greater 250.It \e(eq Ta \(eq Ta equal 251.It \e(!= Ta \(!= Ta not equal 252.It \e(== Ta \(== Ta equivalent 253.It \e(ne Ta \(ne Ta not equivalent 254.It \e(=~ Ta \(=~ Ta congruent 255.It \e(-~ Ta \(-~ Ta asymptotically congruent 256.It \e(ap Ta \(ap Ta asymptotically similar 257.It \e(~~ Ta \(~~ Ta approximately similar 258.It \e(~= Ta \(~= Ta approximately equal 259.It \e(pt Ta \(pt Ta proportionate 260.It \e(es Ta \(es Ta empty set 261.It \e(mo Ta \(mo Ta element 262.It \e(nm Ta \(nm Ta not element 263.It \e(sb Ta \(sb Ta proper subset 264.It \e(nb Ta \(nb Ta not subset 265.It \e(sp Ta \(sp Ta proper superset 266.It \e(nc Ta \(nc Ta not superset 267.It \e(ib Ta \(ib Ta reflexive subset 268.It \e(ip Ta \(ip Ta reflexive superset 269.It \e(ca Ta \(ca Ta intersection 270.It \e(cu Ta \(cu Ta union 271.It \e(/_ Ta \(/_ Ta angle 272.It \e(pp Ta \(pp Ta perpendicular 273.It \e(is Ta \(is Ta integral 274.It \e[integral] Ta \[integral] Ta integral 275.It \e[sum] Ta \[sum] Ta summation 276.It \e[product] Ta \[product] Ta product 277.It \e[coproduct] Ta \[coproduct] Ta coproduct 278.It \e(gr Ta \(gr Ta gradient 279.It \e(sr Ta \(sr Ta square root 280.It \e[sqrt] Ta \[sqrt] Ta square root 281.It \e(lc Ta \(lc Ta left-ceiling 282.It \e(rc Ta \(rc Ta right-ceiling 283.It \e(lf Ta \(lf Ta left-floor 284.It \e(rf Ta \(rf Ta right-floor 285.It \e(if Ta \(if Ta infinity 286.It \e(Ah Ta \(Ah Ta aleph 287.It \e(Im Ta \(Im Ta imaginary 288.It \e(Re Ta \(Re Ta real 289.It \e(pd Ta \(pd Ta partial differential 290.It \e(-h Ta \(-h Ta Planck constant over 2\(*p 291.El 292.Pp 293Ligatures: 294.Bl -column -compact -offset indent "Input" "Rendered" "Description" 295.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description 296.It \e(ff Ta \(ff Ta ff ligature 297.It \e(fi Ta \(fi Ta fi ligature 298.It \e(fl Ta \(fl Ta fl ligature 299.It \e(Fi Ta \(Fi Ta ffi ligature 300.It \e(Fl Ta \(Fl Ta ffl ligature 301.It \e(AE Ta \(AE Ta AE 302.It \e(ae Ta \(ae Ta ae 303.It \e(OE Ta \(OE Ta OE 304.It \e(oe Ta \(oe Ta oe 305.It \e(ss Ta \(ss Ta German eszett 306.It \e(IJ Ta \(IJ Ta IJ ligature 307.It \e(ij Ta \(ij Ta ij ligature 308.El 309.Pp 310Accents: 311.Bl -column -compact -offset indent "Input" "Rendered" "Description" 312.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description 313.It \e(a" Ta \(a" Ta Hungarian umlaut 314.It \e(a- Ta \(a- Ta macron 315.It \e(a. Ta \(a. Ta dotted 316.It \e(a^ Ta \(a^ Ta circumflex 317.It \e(aa Ta \(aa Ta acute 318.It \e' Ta \' Ta acute 319.It \e(ga Ta \(ga Ta grave 320.It \e` Ta \` Ta grave 321.It \e(ab Ta \(ab Ta breve 322.It \e(ac Ta \(ac Ta cedilla 323.It \e(ad Ta \(ad Ta dieresis 324.It \e(ah Ta \(ah Ta caron 325.It \e(ao Ta \(ao Ta ring 326.It \e(a~ Ta \(a~ Ta tilde 327.It \e(ho Ta \(ho Ta ogonek 328.It \e(ha Ta \(ha Ta hat (text) 329.It \e(ti Ta \(ti Ta tilde (text) 330.El 331.Pp 332Accented letters: 333.Bl -column -compact -offset indent "Input" "Rendered" "Description" 334.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description 335.It \e('A Ta \('A Ta acute A 336.It \e('E Ta \('E Ta acute E 337.It \e('I Ta \('I Ta acute I 338.It \e('O Ta \('O Ta acute O 339.It \e('U Ta \('U Ta acute U 340.It \e('a Ta \('a Ta acute a 341.It \e('e Ta \('e Ta acute e 342.It \e('i Ta \('i Ta acute i 343.It \e('o Ta \('o Ta acute o 344.It \e('u Ta \('u Ta acute u 345.It \e(`A Ta \(`A Ta grave A 346.It \e(`E Ta \(`E Ta grave E 347.It \e(`I Ta \(`I Ta grave I 348.It \e(`O Ta \(`O Ta grave O 349.It \e(`U Ta \(`U Ta grave U 350.It \e(`a Ta \(`a Ta grave a 351.It \e(`e Ta \(`e Ta grave e 352.It \e(`i Ta \(`i Ta grave i 353.It \e(`o Ta \(`i Ta grave o 354.It \e(`u Ta \(`u Ta grave u 355.It \e(~A Ta \(~A Ta tilde A 356.It \e(~N Ta \(~N Ta tilde N 357.It \e(~O Ta \(~O Ta tilde O 358.It \e(~a Ta \(~a Ta tilde a 359.It \e(~n Ta \(~n Ta tilde n 360.It \e(~o Ta \(~o Ta tilde o 361.It \e(:A Ta \(:A Ta dieresis A 362.It \e(:E Ta \(:E Ta dieresis E 363.It \e(:I Ta \(:I Ta dieresis I 364.It \e(:O Ta \(:O Ta dieresis O 365.It \e(:U Ta \(:U Ta dieresis U 366.It \e(:a Ta \(:a Ta dieresis a 367.It \e(:e Ta \(:e Ta dieresis e 368.It \e(:i Ta \(:i Ta dieresis i 369.It \e(:o Ta \(:o Ta dieresis o 370.It \e(:u Ta \(:u Ta dieresis u 371.It \e(:y Ta \(:y Ta dieresis y 372.It \e(^A Ta \(^A Ta circumflex A 373.It \e(^E Ta \(^E Ta circumflex E 374.It \e(^I Ta \(^I Ta circumflex I 375.It \e(^O Ta \(^O Ta circumflex O 376.It \e(^U Ta \(^U Ta circumflex U 377.It \e(^a Ta \(^a Ta circumflex a 378.It \e(^e Ta \(^e Ta circumflex e 379.It \e(^i Ta \(^i Ta circumflex i 380.It \e(^o Ta \(^o Ta circumflex o 381.It \e(^u Ta \(^u Ta circumflex u 382.It \e(,C Ta \(,C Ta cedilla C 383.It \e(,c Ta \(,c Ta cedilla c 384.It \e(/L Ta \(/L Ta stroke L 385.It \e(/l Ta \(/l Ta stroke l 386.It \e(/O Ta \(/O Ta stroke O 387.It \e(/o Ta \(/o Ta stroke o 388.It \e(oA Ta \(oA Ta ring A 389.It \e(oa Ta \(oa Ta ring a 390.El 391.Pp 392Special letters: 393.Bl -column -compact -offset indent "Input" "Rendered" "Description" 394.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description 395.It \e(-D Ta \(-D Ta Eth 396.It \e(Sd Ta \(Sd Ta eth 397.It \e(TP Ta \(TP Ta Thorn 398.It \e(Tp Ta \(Tp Ta thorn 399.It \e(.i Ta \(.i Ta dotless i 400.It \e(.j Ta \(.j Ta dotless j 401.El 402.Pp 403Currency: 404.Bl -column -compact -offset indent "Input" "Rendered" "Description" 405.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description 406.It \e(Do Ta \(Do Ta dollar 407.It \e(ct Ta \(ct Ta cent 408.It \e(Eu Ta \(Eu Ta Euro symbol 409.It \e(eu Ta \(eu Ta Euro symbol 410.It \e(Ye Ta \(Ye Ta yen 411.It \e(Po Ta \(Po Ta pound 412.It \e(Cs Ta \(Cs Ta Scandinavian 413.It \e(Fn Ta \(Fn Ta florin 414.El 415.Pp 416Units: 417.Bl -column -compact -offset indent "Input" "Rendered" "Description" 418.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description 419.It \e(de Ta \(de Ta degree 420.It \e(%0 Ta \(%0 Ta per-thousand 421.It \e(fm Ta \(fm Ta minute 422.It \e(sd Ta \(sd Ta second 423.It \e(mc Ta \(mc Ta micro 424.El 425.Pp 426Greek letters: 427.Bl -column -compact -offset indent "Input" "Rendered" "Description" 428.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description 429.It \e(*A Ta \(*A Ta Alpha 430.It \e(*B Ta \(*B Ta Beta 431.It \e(*G Ta \(*G Ta Gamma 432.It \e(*D Ta \(*D Ta Delta 433.It \e(*E Ta \(*E Ta Epsilon 434.It \e(*Z Ta \(*Z Ta Zeta 435.It \e(*Y Ta \(*Y Ta Eta 436.It \e(*H Ta \(*H Ta Theta 437.It \e(*I Ta \(*I Ta Iota 438.It \e(*K Ta \(*K Ta Kappa 439.It \e(*L Ta \(*L Ta Lambda 440.It \e(*M Ta \(*M Ta Mu 441.It \e(*N Ta \(*N Ta Nu 442.It \e(*C Ta \(*C Ta Xi 443.It \e(*O Ta \(*O Ta Omicron 444.It \e(*P Ta \(*P Ta Pi 445.It \e(*R Ta \(*R Ta Rho 446.It \e(*S Ta \(*S Ta Sigma 447.It \e(*T Ta \(*T Ta Tau 448.It \e(*U Ta \(*U Ta Upsilon 449.It \e(*F Ta \(*F Ta Phi 450.It \e(*X Ta \(*X Ta Chi 451.It \e(*Q Ta \(*Q Ta Psi 452.It \e(*W Ta \(*W Ta Omega 453.It \e(*a Ta \(*a Ta alpha 454.It \e(*b Ta \(*b Ta beta 455.It \e(*g Ta \(*g Ta gamma 456.It \e(*d Ta \(*d Ta delta 457.It \e(*e Ta \(*e Ta epsilon 458.It \e(*z Ta \(*z Ta zeta 459.It \e(*y Ta \(*y Ta eta 460.It \e(*h Ta \(*h Ta theta 461.It \e(*i Ta \(*i Ta iota 462.It \e(*k Ta \(*k Ta kappa 463.It \e(*l Ta \(*l Ta lambda 464.It \e(*m Ta \(*m Ta mu 465.It \e(*n Ta \(*n Ta nu 466.It \e(*c Ta \(*c Ta xi 467.It \e(*o Ta \(*o Ta omicron 468.It \e(*p Ta \(*p Ta pi 469.It \e(*r Ta \(*r Ta rho 470.It \e(*s Ta \(*s Ta sigma 471.It \e(*t Ta \(*t Ta tau 472.It \e(*u Ta \(*u Ta upsilon 473.It \e(*f Ta \(*f Ta phi 474.It \e(*x Ta \(*x Ta chi 475.It \e(*q Ta \(*q Ta psi 476.It \e(*w Ta \(*w Ta omega 477.It \e(+h Ta \(+h Ta theta variant 478.It \e(+f Ta \(+f Ta phi variant 479.It \e(+p Ta \(+p Ta pi variant 480.It \e(+e Ta \(+e Ta epsilon variant 481.It \e(ts Ta \(ts Ta sigma terminal 482.El 483.Sh PREDEFINED STRINGS 484Predefined strings are inherited from the macro packages of historical 485troff implementations. 486They are 487.Em not recommended 488for use, as they differ across implementations. 489Manuals using these predefined strings are almost certainly not 490portable. 491.Pp 492.Bl -column -compact -offset indent "Input" "Rendered" "Description" 493.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description 494.It \e*(Ba Ta \*(Ba Ta vertical bar 495.It \e*(Ne Ta \*(Ne Ta not equal 496.It \e*(Ge Ta \*(Ge Ta greater-than-equal 497.It \e*(Le Ta \*(Le Ta less-than-equal 498.It \e*(Gt Ta \*(Gt Ta greater-than 499.It \e*(Lt Ta \*(Lt Ta less-than 500.It \e*(Pm Ta \*(Pm Ta plus-minus 501.It \e*(If Ta \*(If Ta infinity 502.It \e*(Pi Ta \*(Pi Ta pi 503.It \e*(Na Ta \*(Na Ta NaN 504.It \e*(Am Ta \*(Am Ta ampersand 505.It \e*R Ta \*R Ta restricted mark 506.It \e*(Tm Ta \*(Tm Ta trade mark 507.It \e*q Ta \*q Ta double-quote 508.It \e*(Rq Ta \*(Rq Ta right-double-quote 509.It \e*(Lq Ta \*(Lq Ta left-double-quote 510.It \e*(lp Ta \*(lp Ta right-parenthesis 511.It \e*(rp Ta \*(rp Ta left-parenthesis 512.It \e*(lq Ta \*(lq Ta left double-quote 513.It \e*(rq Ta \*(rq Ta right double-quote 514.It \e*(ua Ta \*(ua Ta up arrow 515.It \e*(va Ta \*(va Ta up-down arrow 516.It \e*(<= Ta \*(<= Ta less-than-equal 517.It \e*(>= Ta \*(>= Ta greater-than-equal 518.It \e*(aa Ta \*(aa Ta acute 519.It \e*(ga Ta \*(ga Ta grave 520.It \e*(Px Ta \*(Px Ta POSIX standard name 521.It \e*(Ai Ta \*(Ai Ta ANSI standard name 522.El 523.Sh UNICODE CHARACTERS 524The escape sequence 525.Pp 526.Dl \e[uXXXX] 527.Pp 528is interpreted as a Unicode codepoint. 529The codepoint must be in the range above U+0080 and less than U+10FFFF. 530For compatibility, points must be zero-padded to four characters; if 531greater than four characters, no zero padding is allowed. 532Unicode surrogates are not allowed. 533.\" .Pp 534.\" Unicode glyphs attenuate to the 535.\" .Sq \&? 536.\" character if invalid or not rendered by current output media. 537.Sh NUMBERED CHARACTERS 538For backward compatibility with existing manuals, 539.Xr mandoc 1 540also supports the 541.Pp 542.Dl \eN\(aq Ns Ar number Ns \(aq 543.Pp 544escape sequence, inserting the character 545.Ar number 546from the current character set into the output. 547Of course, this is inherently non-portable and is already marked 548as deprecated in the Heirloom roff manual. 549For example, do not use \eN'34', use \e(dq, or even the plain 550.Sq \(dq 551character where possible. 552.Sh COMPATIBILITY 553This section documents compatibility between mandoc and other other 554troff implementations, at this time limited to GNU troff 555.Pq Qq groff . 556.Pp 557.Bl -dash -compact 558.It 559The \eN\(aq\(aq escape sequence is limited to printable characters; in 560groff, it accepts arbitrary character numbers. 561.It 562In 563.Fl T Ns Cm ascii , 564the 565\e(ss, \e(nm, \e(nb, \e(nc, \e(ib, \e(ip, \e(pp, \e[sum], \e[product], 566\e[coproduct], \e(gr, \e(\-h, and \e(a. special characters render 567differently between mandoc and groff. 568.It 569In 570.Fl T Ns Cm html 571and 572.Fl T Ns Cm xhtml , 573the \e(~=, \e(nb, and \e(nc special characters render differently 574between mandoc and groff. 575.It 576The 577.Fl T Ns Cm ps 578and 579.Fl T Ns Cm pdf 580modes format like 581.Fl T Ns Cm ascii 582instead of rendering glyphs as in groff. 583.It 584The \e[radicalex], \e[sqrtex], and \e(ru special characters have been omitted 585from mandoc either because they are poorly documented or they have no 586known representation. 587.El 588.Sh SEE ALSO 589.Xr mandoc 1 590.Sh AUTHORS 591The 592.Nm 593manual page was written by 594.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@bsd.lv . 595.Sh CAVEATS 596The 597.Sq \e*(Ba 598escape mimics the behaviour of the 599.Sq \&| 600character in 601.Xr mdoc 7 ; 602thus, if you wish to render a vertical bar with no side effects, use 603the 604.Sq \e(ba 605escape. 606