xref: /dragonfly/crypto/openssh/ssh-keygen.c (revision 92fc8b5c)
1 /* $OpenBSD: ssh-keygen.c,v 1.205 2011/01/11 06:13:10 djm Exp $ */
2 /*
3  * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
4  * Copyright (c) 1994 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
5  *                    All rights reserved
6  * Identity and host key generation and maintenance.
7  *
8  * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
9  * can be used freely for any purpose.  Any derived versions of this
10  * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
11  * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
12  * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
13  */
14 
15 #include "includes.h"
16 
17 #include <sys/types.h>
18 #include <sys/socket.h>
19 #include <sys/stat.h>
20 #include <sys/param.h>
21 
22 #include <openssl/evp.h>
23 #include <openssl/pem.h>
24 #include "openbsd-compat/openssl-compat.h"
25 
26 #include <errno.h>
27 #include <fcntl.h>
28 #include <netdb.h>
29 #ifdef HAVE_PATHS_H
30 # include <paths.h>
31 #endif
32 #include <pwd.h>
33 #include <stdarg.h>
34 #include <stdio.h>
35 #include <stdlib.h>
36 #include <string.h>
37 #include <unistd.h>
38 
39 #include "xmalloc.h"
40 #include "key.h"
41 #include "rsa.h"
42 #include "authfile.h"
43 #include "uuencode.h"
44 #include "buffer.h"
45 #include "pathnames.h"
46 #include "log.h"
47 #include "misc.h"
48 #include "match.h"
49 #include "hostfile.h"
50 #include "dns.h"
51 #include "ssh2.h"
52 
53 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
54 #include "ssh-pkcs11.h"
55 #endif
56 
57 /* Number of bits in the RSA/DSA key.  This value can be set on the command line. */
58 #define DEFAULT_BITS		2048
59 #define DEFAULT_BITS_DSA	1024
60 #define DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA	256
61 u_int32_t bits = 0;
62 
63 /*
64  * Flag indicating that we just want to change the passphrase.  This can be
65  * set on the command line.
66  */
67 int change_passphrase = 0;
68 
69 /*
70  * Flag indicating that we just want to change the comment.  This can be set
71  * on the command line.
72  */
73 int change_comment = 0;
74 
75 int quiet = 0;
76 
77 int log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO;
78 
79 /* Flag indicating that we want to hash a known_hosts file */
80 int hash_hosts = 0;
81 /* Flag indicating that we want lookup a host in known_hosts file */
82 int find_host = 0;
83 /* Flag indicating that we want to delete a host from a known_hosts file */
84 int delete_host = 0;
85 
86 /* Flag indicating that we want to show the contents of a certificate */
87 int show_cert = 0;
88 
89 /* Flag indicating that we just want to see the key fingerprint */
90 int print_fingerprint = 0;
91 int print_bubblebabble = 0;
92 
93 /* The identity file name, given on the command line or entered by the user. */
94 char identity_file[1024];
95 int have_identity = 0;
96 
97 /* This is set to the passphrase if given on the command line. */
98 char *identity_passphrase = NULL;
99 
100 /* This is set to the new passphrase if given on the command line. */
101 char *identity_new_passphrase = NULL;
102 
103 /* This is set to the new comment if given on the command line. */
104 char *identity_comment = NULL;
105 
106 /* Path to CA key when certifying keys. */
107 char *ca_key_path = NULL;
108 
109 /* Certificate serial number */
110 long long cert_serial = 0;
111 
112 /* Key type when certifying */
113 u_int cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_USER;
114 
115 /* "key ID" of signed key */
116 char *cert_key_id = NULL;
117 
118 /* Comma-separated list of principal names for certifying keys */
119 char *cert_principals = NULL;
120 
121 /* Validity period for certificates */
122 u_int64_t cert_valid_from = 0;
123 u_int64_t cert_valid_to = ~0ULL;
124 
125 /* Certificate options */
126 #define CERTOPT_X_FWD	(1)
127 #define CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD	(1<<1)
128 #define CERTOPT_PORT_FWD	(1<<2)
129 #define CERTOPT_PTY		(1<<3)
130 #define CERTOPT_USER_RC	(1<<4)
131 #define CERTOPT_DEFAULT	(CERTOPT_X_FWD|CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD| \
132 			 CERTOPT_PORT_FWD|CERTOPT_PTY|CERTOPT_USER_RC)
133 u_int32_t certflags_flags = CERTOPT_DEFAULT;
134 char *certflags_command = NULL;
135 char *certflags_src_addr = NULL;
136 
137 /* Conversion to/from various formats */
138 int convert_to = 0;
139 int convert_from = 0;
140 enum {
141 	FMT_RFC4716,
142 	FMT_PKCS8,
143 	FMT_PEM
144 } convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
145 int print_public = 0;
146 int print_generic = 0;
147 
148 char *key_type_name = NULL;
149 
150 /* Load key from this PKCS#11 provider */
151 char *pkcs11provider = NULL;
152 
153 /* argv0 */
154 extern char *__progname;
155 
156 char hostname[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
157 
158 /* moduli.c */
159 int gen_candidates(FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, BIGNUM *);
160 int prime_test(FILE *, FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t);
161 
162 static void
163 ask_filename(struct passwd *pw, const char *prompt)
164 {
165 	char buf[1024];
166 	char *name = NULL;
167 
168 	if (key_type_name == NULL)
169 		name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
170 	else {
171 		switch (key_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
172 		case KEY_RSA1:
173 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_IDENTITY;
174 			break;
175 		case KEY_DSA_CERT:
176 		case KEY_DSA_CERT_V00:
177 		case KEY_DSA:
178 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_DSA;
179 			break;
180 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
181 		case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
182 		case KEY_ECDSA:
183 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ECDSA;
184 			break;
185 #endif
186 		case KEY_RSA_CERT:
187 		case KEY_RSA_CERT_V00:
188 		case KEY_RSA:
189 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
190 			break;
191 		default:
192 			fprintf(stderr, "bad key type\n");
193 			exit(1);
194 			break;
195 		}
196 	}
197 	snprintf(identity_file, sizeof(identity_file), "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir, name);
198 	fprintf(stderr, "%s (%s): ", prompt, identity_file);
199 	if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL)
200 		exit(1);
201 	buf[strcspn(buf, "\n")] = '\0';
202 	if (strcmp(buf, "") != 0)
203 		strlcpy(identity_file, buf, sizeof(identity_file));
204 	have_identity = 1;
205 }
206 
207 static Key *
208 load_identity(char *filename)
209 {
210 	char *pass;
211 	Key *prv;
212 
213 	prv = key_load_private(filename, "", NULL);
214 	if (prv == NULL) {
215 		if (identity_passphrase)
216 			pass = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
217 		else
218 			pass = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
219 			    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
220 		prv = key_load_private(filename, pass, NULL);
221 		memset(pass, 0, strlen(pass));
222 		xfree(pass);
223 	}
224 	return prv;
225 }
226 
227 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN		"---- BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
228 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END		"---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
229 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN		"---- BEGIN SSH2 ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY ----"
230 #define	SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC	0x3f6ff9eb
231 
232 static void
233 do_convert_to_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, Key *k)
234 {
235 	u_int len;
236 	u_char *blob;
237 	char comment[61];
238 
239 	if (key_to_blob(k, &blob, &len) <= 0) {
240 		fprintf(stderr, "key_to_blob failed\n");
241 		exit(1);
242 	}
243 	/* Comment + surrounds must fit into 72 chars (RFC 4716 sec 3.3) */
244 	snprintf(comment, sizeof(comment),
245 	    "%u-bit %s, converted by %s@%s from OpenSSH",
246 	    key_size(k), key_type(k),
247 	    pw->pw_name, hostname);
248 
249 	fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN);
250 	fprintf(stdout, "Comment: \"%s\"\n", comment);
251 	dump_base64(stdout, blob, len);
252 	fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END);
253 	key_free(k);
254 	xfree(blob);
255 	exit(0);
256 }
257 
258 static void
259 do_convert_to_pkcs8(Key *k)
260 {
261 	switch (key_type_plain(k->type)) {
262 	case KEY_RSA:
263 		if (!PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->rsa))
264 			fatal("PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY failed");
265 		break;
266 	case KEY_DSA:
267 		if (!PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->dsa))
268 			fatal("PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY failed");
269 		break;
270 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
271 	case KEY_ECDSA:
272 		if (!PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY(stdout, k->ecdsa))
273 			fatal("PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY failed");
274 		break;
275 #endif
276 	default:
277 		fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, key_type(k));
278 	}
279 	exit(0);
280 }
281 
282 static void
283 do_convert_to_pem(Key *k)
284 {
285 	switch (key_type_plain(k->type)) {
286 	case KEY_RSA:
287 		if (!PEM_write_RSAPublicKey(stdout, k->rsa))
288 			fatal("PEM_write_RSAPublicKey failed");
289 		break;
290 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
291 	case KEY_DSA:
292 		if (!PEM_write_DSAPublicKey(stdout, k->dsa))
293 			fatal("PEM_write_DSAPublicKey failed");
294 		break;
295 #endif
296 	/* XXX ECDSA? */
297 	default:
298 		fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, key_type(k));
299 	}
300 	exit(0);
301 }
302 
303 static void
304 do_convert_to(struct passwd *pw)
305 {
306 	Key *k;
307 	struct stat st;
308 
309 	if (!have_identity)
310 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
311 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
312 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
313 	if ((k = key_load_public(identity_file, NULL)) == NULL) {
314 		if ((k = load_identity(identity_file)) == NULL) {
315 			fprintf(stderr, "load failed\n");
316 			exit(1);
317 		}
318 	}
319 	if (k->type == KEY_RSA1) {
320 		fprintf(stderr, "version 1 keys are not supported\n");
321 		exit(1);
322 	}
323 
324 	switch (convert_format) {
325 	case FMT_RFC4716:
326 		do_convert_to_ssh2(pw, k);
327 		break;
328 	case FMT_PKCS8:
329 		do_convert_to_pkcs8(k);
330 		break;
331 	case FMT_PEM:
332 		do_convert_to_pem(k);
333 		break;
334 	default:
335 		fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
336 	}
337 	exit(0);
338 }
339 
340 static void
341 buffer_get_bignum_bits(Buffer *b, BIGNUM *value)
342 {
343 	u_int bignum_bits = buffer_get_int(b);
344 	u_int bytes = (bignum_bits + 7) / 8;
345 
346 	if (buffer_len(b) < bytes)
347 		fatal("buffer_get_bignum_bits: input buffer too small: "
348 		    "need %d have %d", bytes, buffer_len(b));
349 	if (BN_bin2bn(buffer_ptr(b), bytes, value) == NULL)
350 		fatal("buffer_get_bignum_bits: BN_bin2bn failed");
351 	buffer_consume(b, bytes);
352 }
353 
354 static Key *
355 do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(u_char *blob, u_int blen)
356 {
357 	Buffer b;
358 	Key *key = NULL;
359 	char *type, *cipher;
360 	u_char *sig, data[] = "abcde12345";
361 	int magic, rlen, ktype, i1, i2, i3, i4;
362 	u_int slen;
363 	u_long e;
364 
365 	buffer_init(&b);
366 	buffer_append(&b, blob, blen);
367 
368 	magic = buffer_get_int(&b);
369 	if (magic != SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC) {
370 		error("bad magic 0x%x != 0x%x", magic, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC);
371 		buffer_free(&b);
372 		return NULL;
373 	}
374 	i1 = buffer_get_int(&b);
375 	type   = buffer_get_string(&b, NULL);
376 	cipher = buffer_get_string(&b, NULL);
377 	i2 = buffer_get_int(&b);
378 	i3 = buffer_get_int(&b);
379 	i4 = buffer_get_int(&b);
380 	debug("ignore (%d %d %d %d)", i1, i2, i3, i4);
381 	if (strcmp(cipher, "none") != 0) {
382 		error("unsupported cipher %s", cipher);
383 		xfree(cipher);
384 		buffer_free(&b);
385 		xfree(type);
386 		return NULL;
387 	}
388 	xfree(cipher);
389 
390 	if (strstr(type, "dsa")) {
391 		ktype = KEY_DSA;
392 	} else if (strstr(type, "rsa")) {
393 		ktype = KEY_RSA;
394 	} else {
395 		buffer_free(&b);
396 		xfree(type);
397 		return NULL;
398 	}
399 	key = key_new_private(ktype);
400 	xfree(type);
401 
402 	switch (key->type) {
403 	case KEY_DSA:
404 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->p);
405 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->g);
406 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->q);
407 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->pub_key);
408 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->priv_key);
409 		break;
410 	case KEY_RSA:
411 		e = buffer_get_char(&b);
412 		debug("e %lx", e);
413 		if (e < 30) {
414 			e <<= 8;
415 			e += buffer_get_char(&b);
416 			debug("e %lx", e);
417 			e <<= 8;
418 			e += buffer_get_char(&b);
419 			debug("e %lx", e);
420 		}
421 		if (!BN_set_word(key->rsa->e, e)) {
422 			buffer_free(&b);
423 			key_free(key);
424 			return NULL;
425 		}
426 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->d);
427 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->n);
428 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->iqmp);
429 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->q);
430 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->p);
431 		rsa_generate_additional_parameters(key->rsa);
432 		break;
433 	}
434 	rlen = buffer_len(&b);
435 	if (rlen != 0)
436 		error("do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob: "
437 		    "remaining bytes in key blob %d", rlen);
438 	buffer_free(&b);
439 
440 	/* try the key */
441 	key_sign(key, &sig, &slen, data, sizeof(data));
442 	key_verify(key, sig, slen, data, sizeof(data));
443 	xfree(sig);
444 	return key;
445 }
446 
447 static int
448 get_line(FILE *fp, char *line, size_t len)
449 {
450 	int c;
451 	size_t pos = 0;
452 
453 	line[0] = '\0';
454 	while ((c = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {
455 		if (pos >= len - 1) {
456 			fprintf(stderr, "input line too long.\n");
457 			exit(1);
458 		}
459 		switch (c) {
460 		case '\r':
461 			c = fgetc(fp);
462 			if (c != EOF && c != '\n' && ungetc(c, fp) == EOF) {
463 				fprintf(stderr, "unget: %s\n", strerror(errno));
464 				exit(1);
465 			}
466 			return pos;
467 		case '\n':
468 			return pos;
469 		}
470 		line[pos++] = c;
471 		line[pos] = '\0';
472 	}
473 	/* We reached EOF */
474 	return -1;
475 }
476 
477 static void
478 do_convert_from_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, Key **k, int *private)
479 {
480 	int blen;
481 	u_int len;
482 	char line[1024];
483 	u_char blob[8096];
484 	char encoded[8096];
485 	int escaped = 0;
486 	FILE *fp;
487 
488 	if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
489 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
490 	encoded[0] = '\0';
491 	while ((blen = get_line(fp, line, sizeof(line))) != -1) {
492 		if (line[blen - 1] == '\\')
493 			escaped++;
494 		if (strncmp(line, "----", 4) == 0 ||
495 		    strstr(line, ": ") != NULL) {
496 			if (strstr(line, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN) != NULL)
497 				*private = 1;
498 			if (strstr(line, " END ") != NULL) {
499 				break;
500 			}
501 			/* fprintf(stderr, "ignore: %s", line); */
502 			continue;
503 		}
504 		if (escaped) {
505 			escaped--;
506 			/* fprintf(stderr, "escaped: %s", line); */
507 			continue;
508 		}
509 		strlcat(encoded, line, sizeof(encoded));
510 	}
511 	len = strlen(encoded);
512 	if (((len % 4) == 3) &&
513 	    (encoded[len-1] == '=') &&
514 	    (encoded[len-2] == '=') &&
515 	    (encoded[len-3] == '='))
516 		encoded[len-3] = '\0';
517 	blen = uudecode(encoded, blob, sizeof(blob));
518 	if (blen < 0) {
519 		fprintf(stderr, "uudecode failed.\n");
520 		exit(1);
521 	}
522 	*k = *private ?
523 	    do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(blob, blen) :
524 	    key_from_blob(blob, blen);
525 	if (*k == NULL) {
526 		fprintf(stderr, "decode blob failed.\n");
527 		exit(1);
528 	}
529 	fclose(fp);
530 }
531 
532 static void
533 do_convert_from_pkcs8(Key **k, int *private)
534 {
535 	EVP_PKEY *pubkey;
536 	FILE *fp;
537 
538 	if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
539 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
540 	if ((pubkey = PEM_read_PUBKEY(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) == NULL) {
541 		fatal("%s: %s is not a recognised public key format", __func__,
542 		    identity_file);
543 	}
544 	fclose(fp);
545 	switch (EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type)) {
546 	case EVP_PKEY_RSA:
547 		*k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
548 		(*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
549 		(*k)->rsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pubkey);
550 		break;
551 	case EVP_PKEY_DSA:
552 		*k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
553 		(*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
554 		(*k)->dsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_DSA(pubkey);
555 		break;
556 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
557 	case EVP_PKEY_EC:
558 		*k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
559 		(*k)->type = KEY_ECDSA;
560 		(*k)->ecdsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_EC_KEY(pubkey);
561 		(*k)->ecdsa_nid = key_ecdsa_key_to_nid((*k)->ecdsa);
562 		break;
563 #endif
564 	default:
565 		fatal("%s: unsupported pubkey type %d", __func__,
566 		    EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type));
567 	}
568 	EVP_PKEY_free(pubkey);
569 	return;
570 }
571 
572 static void
573 do_convert_from_pem(Key **k, int *private)
574 {
575 	FILE *fp;
576 	RSA *rsa;
577 #ifdef notyet
578 	DSA *dsa;
579 #endif
580 
581 	if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
582 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
583 	if ((rsa = PEM_read_RSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
584 		*k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
585 		(*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
586 		(*k)->rsa = rsa;
587 		fclose(fp);
588 		return;
589 	}
590 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
591 	rewind(fp);
592 	if ((dsa = PEM_read_DSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
593 		*k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
594 		(*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
595 		(*k)->dsa = dsa;
596 		fclose(fp);
597 		return;
598 	}
599 	/* XXX ECDSA */
600 #endif
601 	fatal("%s: unrecognised raw private key format", __func__);
602 }
603 
604 static void
605 do_convert_from(struct passwd *pw)
606 {
607 	Key *k = NULL;
608 	int private = 0, ok = 0;
609 	struct stat st;
610 
611 	if (!have_identity)
612 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
613 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
614 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
615 
616 	switch (convert_format) {
617 	case FMT_RFC4716:
618 		do_convert_from_ssh2(pw, &k, &private);
619 		break;
620 	case FMT_PKCS8:
621 		do_convert_from_pkcs8(&k, &private);
622 		break;
623 	case FMT_PEM:
624 		do_convert_from_pem(&k, &private);
625 		break;
626 	default:
627 		fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
628 	}
629 
630 	if (!private)
631 		ok = key_write(k, stdout);
632 		if (ok)
633 			fprintf(stdout, "\n");
634 	else {
635 		switch (k->type) {
636 		case KEY_DSA:
637 			ok = PEM_write_DSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->dsa, NULL,
638 			    NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
639 			break;
640 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
641 		case KEY_ECDSA:
642 			ok = PEM_write_ECPrivateKey(stdout, k->ecdsa, NULL,
643 			    NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
644 			break;
645 #endif
646 		case KEY_RSA:
647 			ok = PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->rsa, NULL,
648 			    NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
649 			break;
650 		default:
651 			fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__,
652 			    key_type(k));
653 		}
654 	}
655 
656 	if (!ok) {
657 		fprintf(stderr, "key write failed\n");
658 		exit(1);
659 	}
660 	key_free(k);
661 	exit(0);
662 }
663 
664 static void
665 do_print_public(struct passwd *pw)
666 {
667 	Key *prv;
668 	struct stat st;
669 
670 	if (!have_identity)
671 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
672 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
673 		perror(identity_file);
674 		exit(1);
675 	}
676 	prv = load_identity(identity_file);
677 	if (prv == NULL) {
678 		fprintf(stderr, "load failed\n");
679 		exit(1);
680 	}
681 	if (!key_write(prv, stdout))
682 		fprintf(stderr, "key_write failed");
683 	key_free(prv);
684 	fprintf(stdout, "\n");
685 	exit(0);
686 }
687 
688 static void
689 do_download(struct passwd *pw)
690 {
691 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
692 	Key **keys = NULL;
693 	int i, nkeys;
694 
695 	pkcs11_init(0);
696 	nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, NULL, &keys);
697 	if (nkeys <= 0)
698 		fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
699 	for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
700 		key_write(keys[i], stdout);
701 		key_free(keys[i]);
702 		fprintf(stdout, "\n");
703 	}
704 	xfree(keys);
705 	pkcs11_terminate();
706 	exit(0);
707 #else
708 	fatal("no pkcs11 support");
709 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
710 }
711 
712 static void
713 do_fingerprint(struct passwd *pw)
714 {
715 	FILE *f;
716 	Key *public;
717 	char *comment = NULL, *cp, *ep, line[16*1024], *fp, *ra;
718 	int i, skip = 0, num = 0, invalid = 1;
719 	enum fp_rep rep;
720 	enum fp_type fptype;
721 	struct stat st;
722 
723 	fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_SHA1 : SSH_FP_MD5;
724 	rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_HEX;
725 
726 	if (!have_identity)
727 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
728 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
729 		perror(identity_file);
730 		exit(1);
731 	}
732 	public = key_load_public(identity_file, &comment);
733 	if (public != NULL) {
734 		fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
735 		ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
736 		printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp, comment,
737 		    key_type(public));
738 		if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
739 			printf("%s\n", ra);
740 		key_free(public);
741 		xfree(comment);
742 		xfree(ra);
743 		xfree(fp);
744 		exit(0);
745 	}
746 	if (comment) {
747 		xfree(comment);
748 		comment = NULL;
749 	}
750 
751 	if ((f = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
752 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
753 
754 	while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
755 		if ((cp = strchr(line, '\n')) == NULL) {
756 			error("line %d too long: %.40s...",
757 			    num + 1, line);
758 			skip = 1;
759 			continue;
760 		}
761 		num++;
762 		if (skip) {
763 			skip = 0;
764 			continue;
765 		}
766 		*cp = '\0';
767 
768 		/* Skip leading whitespace, empty and comment lines. */
769 		for (cp = line; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
770 			;
771 		if (!*cp || *cp == '\n' || *cp == '#')
772 			continue;
773 		i = strtol(cp, &ep, 10);
774 		if (i == 0 || ep == NULL || (*ep != ' ' && *ep != '\t')) {
775 			int quoted = 0;
776 			comment = cp;
777 			for (; *cp && (quoted || (*cp != ' ' &&
778 			    *cp != '\t')); cp++) {
779 				if (*cp == '\\' && cp[1] == '"')
780 					cp++;	/* Skip both */
781 				else if (*cp == '"')
782 					quoted = !quoted;
783 			}
784 			if (!*cp)
785 				continue;
786 			*cp++ = '\0';
787 		}
788 		ep = cp;
789 		public = key_new(KEY_RSA1);
790 		if (key_read(public, &cp) != 1) {
791 			cp = ep;
792 			key_free(public);
793 			public = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
794 			if (key_read(public, &cp) != 1) {
795 				key_free(public);
796 				continue;
797 			}
798 		}
799 		comment = *cp ? cp : comment;
800 		fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
801 		ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
802 		printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp,
803 		    comment ? comment : "no comment", key_type(public));
804 		if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
805 			printf("%s\n", ra);
806 		xfree(ra);
807 		xfree(fp);
808 		key_free(public);
809 		invalid = 0;
810 	}
811 	fclose(f);
812 
813 	if (invalid) {
814 		printf("%s is not a public key file.\n", identity_file);
815 		exit(1);
816 	}
817 	exit(0);
818 }
819 
820 static void
821 printhost(FILE *f, const char *name, Key *public, int ca, int hash)
822 {
823 	if (print_fingerprint) {
824 		enum fp_rep rep;
825 		enum fp_type fptype;
826 		char *fp, *ra;
827 
828 		fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_SHA1 : SSH_FP_MD5;
829 		rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_HEX;
830 		fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
831 		ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
832 		printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp, name,
833 		    key_type(public));
834 		if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
835 			printf("%s\n", ra);
836 		xfree(ra);
837 		xfree(fp);
838 	} else {
839 		if (hash && (name = host_hash(name, NULL, 0)) == NULL)
840 			fatal("hash_host failed");
841 		fprintf(f, "%s%s%s ", ca ? CA_MARKER : "", ca ? " " : "", name);
842 		if (!key_write(public, f))
843 			fatal("key_write failed");
844 		fprintf(f, "\n");
845 	}
846 }
847 
848 static void
849 do_known_hosts(struct passwd *pw, const char *name)
850 {
851 	FILE *in, *out = stdout;
852 	Key *pub;
853 	char *cp, *cp2, *kp, *kp2;
854 	char line[16*1024], tmp[MAXPATHLEN], old[MAXPATHLEN];
855 	int c, skip = 0, inplace = 0, num = 0, invalid = 0, has_unhashed = 0;
856 	int ca;
857 
858 	if (!have_identity) {
859 		cp = tilde_expand_filename(_PATH_SSH_USER_HOSTFILE, pw->pw_uid);
860 		if (strlcpy(identity_file, cp, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
861 		    sizeof(identity_file))
862 			fatal("Specified known hosts path too long");
863 		xfree(cp);
864 		have_identity = 1;
865 	}
866 	if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
867 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
868 
869 	/*
870 	 * Find hosts goes to stdout, hash and deletions happen in-place
871 	 * A corner case is ssh-keygen -HF foo, which should go to stdout
872 	 */
873 	if (!find_host && (hash_hosts || delete_host)) {
874 		if (strlcpy(tmp, identity_file, sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
875 		    strlcat(tmp, ".XXXXXXXXXX", sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
876 		    strlcpy(old, identity_file, sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old) ||
877 		    strlcat(old, ".old", sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old))
878 			fatal("known_hosts path too long");
879 		umask(077);
880 		if ((c = mkstemp(tmp)) == -1)
881 			fatal("mkstemp: %s", strerror(errno));
882 		if ((out = fdopen(c, "w")) == NULL) {
883 			c = errno;
884 			unlink(tmp);
885 			fatal("fdopen: %s", strerror(c));
886 		}
887 		inplace = 1;
888 	}
889 
890 	while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), in)) {
891 		if ((cp = strchr(line, '\n')) == NULL) {
892 			error("line %d too long: %.40s...", num + 1, line);
893 			skip = 1;
894 			invalid = 1;
895 			continue;
896 		}
897 		num++;
898 		if (skip) {
899 			skip = 0;
900 			continue;
901 		}
902 		*cp = '\0';
903 
904 		/* Skip leading whitespace, empty and comment lines. */
905 		for (cp = line; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
906 			;
907 		if (!*cp || *cp == '\n' || *cp == '#') {
908 			if (inplace)
909 				fprintf(out, "%s\n", cp);
910 			continue;
911 		}
912 		/* Check whether this is a CA key */
913 		if (strncasecmp(cp, CA_MARKER, sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1) == 0 &&
914 		    (cp[sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1] == ' ' ||
915 		    cp[sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1] == '\t')) {
916 			ca = 1;
917 			cp += sizeof(CA_MARKER);
918 		} else
919 			ca = 0;
920 
921 		/* Find the end of the host name portion. */
922 		for (kp = cp; *kp && *kp != ' ' && *kp != '\t'; kp++)
923 			;
924 
925 		if (*kp == '\0' || *(kp + 1) == '\0') {
926 			error("line %d missing key: %.40s...",
927 			    num, line);
928 			invalid = 1;
929 			continue;
930 		}
931 		*kp++ = '\0';
932 		kp2 = kp;
933 
934 		pub = key_new(KEY_RSA1);
935 		if (key_read(pub, &kp) != 1) {
936 			kp = kp2;
937 			key_free(pub);
938 			pub = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
939 			if (key_read(pub, &kp) != 1) {
940 				error("line %d invalid key: %.40s...",
941 				    num, line);
942 				key_free(pub);
943 				invalid = 1;
944 				continue;
945 			}
946 		}
947 
948 		if (*cp == HASH_DELIM) {
949 			if (find_host || delete_host) {
950 				cp2 = host_hash(name, cp, strlen(cp));
951 				if (cp2 == NULL) {
952 					error("line %d: invalid hashed "
953 					    "name: %.64s...", num, line);
954 					invalid = 1;
955 					continue;
956 				}
957 				c = (strcmp(cp2, cp) == 0);
958 				if (find_host && c) {
959 					printf("# Host %s found: "
960 					    "line %d type %s%s\n", name,
961 					    num, key_type(pub),
962 					    ca ? " (CA key)" : "");
963 					printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
964 				}
965 				if (delete_host && !c && !ca)
966 					printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
967 			} else if (hash_hosts)
968 				printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
969 		} else {
970 			if (find_host || delete_host) {
971 				c = (match_hostname(name, cp,
972 				    strlen(cp)) == 1);
973 				if (find_host && c) {
974 					printf("# Host %s found: "
975 					    "line %d type %s%s\n", name,
976 					    num, key_type(pub),
977 					    ca ? " (CA key)" : "");
978 					printhost(out, name, pub,
979 					    ca, hash_hosts && !ca);
980 				}
981 				if (delete_host && !c && !ca)
982 					printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
983 			} else if (hash_hosts) {
984 				for (cp2 = strsep(&cp, ",");
985 				    cp2 != NULL && *cp2 != '\0';
986 				    cp2 = strsep(&cp, ",")) {
987 					if (ca) {
988 						fprintf(stderr, "Warning: "
989 						    "ignoring CA key for host: "
990 						    "%.64s\n", cp2);
991 						printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 0);
992 					} else if (strcspn(cp2, "*?!") !=
993 					    strlen(cp2)) {
994 						fprintf(stderr, "Warning: "
995 						    "ignoring host name with "
996 						    "metacharacters: %.64s\n",
997 						    cp2);
998 						printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 0);
999 					} else
1000 						printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 1);
1001 				}
1002 				has_unhashed = 1;
1003 			}
1004 		}
1005 		key_free(pub);
1006 	}
1007 	fclose(in);
1008 
1009 	if (invalid) {
1010 		fprintf(stderr, "%s is not a valid known_hosts file.\n",
1011 		    identity_file);
1012 		if (inplace) {
1013 			fprintf(stderr, "Not replacing existing known_hosts "
1014 			    "file because of errors\n");
1015 			fclose(out);
1016 			unlink(tmp);
1017 		}
1018 		exit(1);
1019 	}
1020 
1021 	if (inplace) {
1022 		fclose(out);
1023 
1024 		/* Backup existing file */
1025 		if (unlink(old) == -1 && errno != ENOENT)
1026 			fatal("unlink %.100s: %s", old, strerror(errno));
1027 		if (link(identity_file, old) == -1)
1028 			fatal("link %.100s to %.100s: %s", identity_file, old,
1029 			    strerror(errno));
1030 		/* Move new one into place */
1031 		if (rename(tmp, identity_file) == -1) {
1032 			error("rename\"%s\" to \"%s\": %s", tmp, identity_file,
1033 			    strerror(errno));
1034 			unlink(tmp);
1035 			unlink(old);
1036 			exit(1);
1037 		}
1038 
1039 		fprintf(stderr, "%s updated.\n", identity_file);
1040 		fprintf(stderr, "Original contents retained as %s\n", old);
1041 		if (has_unhashed) {
1042 			fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: %s contains unhashed "
1043 			    "entries\n", old);
1044 			fprintf(stderr, "Delete this file to ensure privacy "
1045 			    "of hostnames\n");
1046 		}
1047 	}
1048 
1049 	exit(0);
1050 }
1051 
1052 /*
1053  * Perform changing a passphrase.  The argument is the passwd structure
1054  * for the current user.
1055  */
1056 static void
1057 do_change_passphrase(struct passwd *pw)
1058 {
1059 	char *comment;
1060 	char *old_passphrase, *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
1061 	struct stat st;
1062 	Key *private;
1063 
1064 	if (!have_identity)
1065 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1066 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
1067 		perror(identity_file);
1068 		exit(1);
1069 	}
1070 	/* Try to load the file with empty passphrase. */
1071 	private = key_load_private(identity_file, "", &comment);
1072 	if (private == NULL) {
1073 		if (identity_passphrase)
1074 			old_passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1075 		else
1076 			old_passphrase =
1077 			    read_passphrase("Enter old passphrase: ",
1078 			    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1079 		private = key_load_private(identity_file, old_passphrase,
1080 		    &comment);
1081 		memset(old_passphrase, 0, strlen(old_passphrase));
1082 		xfree(old_passphrase);
1083 		if (private == NULL) {
1084 			printf("Bad passphrase.\n");
1085 			exit(1);
1086 		}
1087 	}
1088 	printf("Key has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1089 
1090 	/* Ask the new passphrase (twice). */
1091 	if (identity_new_passphrase) {
1092 		passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1093 		passphrase2 = NULL;
1094 	} else {
1095 		passphrase1 =
1096 			read_passphrase("Enter new passphrase (empty for no "
1097 			    "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1098 		passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
1099 		    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1100 
1101 		/* Verify that they are the same. */
1102 		if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
1103 			memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
1104 			memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
1105 			xfree(passphrase1);
1106 			xfree(passphrase2);
1107 			printf("Pass phrases do not match.  Try again.\n");
1108 			exit(1);
1109 		}
1110 		/* Destroy the other copy. */
1111 		memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
1112 		xfree(passphrase2);
1113 	}
1114 
1115 	/* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1116 	if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1, comment)) {
1117 		printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
1118 		memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
1119 		xfree(passphrase1);
1120 		key_free(private);
1121 		xfree(comment);
1122 		exit(1);
1123 	}
1124 	/* Destroy the passphrase and the copy of the key in memory. */
1125 	memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
1126 	xfree(passphrase1);
1127 	key_free(private);		 /* Destroys contents */
1128 	xfree(comment);
1129 
1130 	printf("Your identification has been saved with the new passphrase.\n");
1131 	exit(0);
1132 }
1133 
1134 /*
1135  * Print the SSHFP RR.
1136  */
1137 static int
1138 do_print_resource_record(struct passwd *pw, char *fname, char *hname)
1139 {
1140 	Key *public;
1141 	char *comment = NULL;
1142 	struct stat st;
1143 
1144 	if (fname == NULL)
1145 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1146 	if (stat(fname, &st) < 0) {
1147 		if (errno == ENOENT)
1148 			return 0;
1149 		perror(fname);
1150 		exit(1);
1151 	}
1152 	public = key_load_public(fname, &comment);
1153 	if (public != NULL) {
1154 		export_dns_rr(hname, public, stdout, print_generic);
1155 		key_free(public);
1156 		xfree(comment);
1157 		return 1;
1158 	}
1159 	if (comment)
1160 		xfree(comment);
1161 
1162 	printf("failed to read v2 public key from %s.\n", fname);
1163 	exit(1);
1164 }
1165 
1166 /*
1167  * Change the comment of a private key file.
1168  */
1169 static void
1170 do_change_comment(struct passwd *pw)
1171 {
1172 	char new_comment[1024], *comment, *passphrase;
1173 	Key *private;
1174 	Key *public;
1175 	struct stat st;
1176 	FILE *f;
1177 	int fd;
1178 
1179 	if (!have_identity)
1180 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1181 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
1182 		perror(identity_file);
1183 		exit(1);
1184 	}
1185 	private = key_load_private(identity_file, "", &comment);
1186 	if (private == NULL) {
1187 		if (identity_passphrase)
1188 			passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1189 		else if (identity_new_passphrase)
1190 			passphrase = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1191 		else
1192 			passphrase = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
1193 			    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1194 		/* Try to load using the passphrase. */
1195 		private = key_load_private(identity_file, passphrase, &comment);
1196 		if (private == NULL) {
1197 			memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1198 			xfree(passphrase);
1199 			printf("Bad passphrase.\n");
1200 			exit(1);
1201 		}
1202 	} else {
1203 		passphrase = xstrdup("");
1204 	}
1205 	if (private->type != KEY_RSA1) {
1206 		fprintf(stderr, "Comments are only supported for RSA1 keys.\n");
1207 		key_free(private);
1208 		exit(1);
1209 	}
1210 	printf("Key now has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1211 
1212 	if (identity_comment) {
1213 		strlcpy(new_comment, identity_comment, sizeof(new_comment));
1214 	} else {
1215 		printf("Enter new comment: ");
1216 		fflush(stdout);
1217 		if (!fgets(new_comment, sizeof(new_comment), stdin)) {
1218 			memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1219 			key_free(private);
1220 			exit(1);
1221 		}
1222 		new_comment[strcspn(new_comment, "\n")] = '\0';
1223 	}
1224 
1225 	/* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1226 	if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase, new_comment)) {
1227 		printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
1228 		memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1229 		xfree(passphrase);
1230 		key_free(private);
1231 		xfree(comment);
1232 		exit(1);
1233 	}
1234 	memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1235 	xfree(passphrase);
1236 	public = key_from_private(private);
1237 	key_free(private);
1238 
1239 	strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
1240 	fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
1241 	if (fd == -1) {
1242 		printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n", identity_file);
1243 		exit(1);
1244 	}
1245 	f = fdopen(fd, "w");
1246 	if (f == NULL) {
1247 		printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
1248 		exit(1);
1249 	}
1250 	if (!key_write(public, f))
1251 		fprintf(stderr, "write key failed\n");
1252 	key_free(public);
1253 	fprintf(f, " %s\n", new_comment);
1254 	fclose(f);
1255 
1256 	xfree(comment);
1257 
1258 	printf("The comment in your key file has been changed.\n");
1259 	exit(0);
1260 }
1261 
1262 static const char *
1263 fmt_validity(u_int64_t valid_from, u_int64_t valid_to)
1264 {
1265 	char from[32], to[32];
1266 	static char ret[64];
1267 	time_t tt;
1268 	struct tm *tm;
1269 
1270 	*from = *to = '\0';
1271 	if (valid_from == 0 && valid_to == 0xffffffffffffffffULL)
1272 		return "forever";
1273 
1274 	if (valid_from != 0) {
1275 		/* XXX revisit INT_MAX in 2038 :) */
1276 		tt = valid_from > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : valid_from;
1277 		tm = localtime(&tt);
1278 		strftime(from, sizeof(from), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", tm);
1279 	}
1280 	if (valid_to != 0xffffffffffffffffULL) {
1281 		/* XXX revisit INT_MAX in 2038 :) */
1282 		tt = valid_to > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : valid_to;
1283 		tm = localtime(&tt);
1284 		strftime(to, sizeof(to), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", tm);
1285 	}
1286 
1287 	if (valid_from == 0) {
1288 		snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "before %s", to);
1289 		return ret;
1290 	}
1291 	if (valid_to == 0xffffffffffffffffULL) {
1292 		snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "after %s", from);
1293 		return ret;
1294 	}
1295 
1296 	snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "from %s to %s", from, to);
1297 	return ret;
1298 }
1299 
1300 static void
1301 add_flag_option(Buffer *c, const char *name)
1302 {
1303 	debug3("%s: %s", __func__, name);
1304 	buffer_put_cstring(c, name);
1305 	buffer_put_string(c, NULL, 0);
1306 }
1307 
1308 static void
1309 add_string_option(Buffer *c, const char *name, const char *value)
1310 {
1311 	Buffer b;
1312 
1313 	debug3("%s: %s=%s", __func__, name, value);
1314 	buffer_init(&b);
1315 	buffer_put_cstring(&b, value);
1316 
1317 	buffer_put_cstring(c, name);
1318 	buffer_put_string(c, buffer_ptr(&b), buffer_len(&b));
1319 
1320 	buffer_free(&b);
1321 }
1322 
1323 #define OPTIONS_CRITICAL	1
1324 #define OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS	2
1325 static void
1326 prepare_options_buf(Buffer *c, int which)
1327 {
1328 	buffer_clear(c);
1329 	if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1330 	    certflags_command != NULL)
1331 		add_string_option(c, "force-command", certflags_command);
1332 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1333 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD) != 0)
1334 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-agent-forwarding");
1335 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1336 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PORT_FWD) != 0)
1337 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-port-forwarding");
1338 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1339 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PTY) != 0)
1340 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-pty");
1341 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1342 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_USER_RC) != 0)
1343 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-user-rc");
1344 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1345 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_X_FWD) != 0)
1346 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-X11-forwarding");
1347 	if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1348 	    certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1349 		add_string_option(c, "source-address", certflags_src_addr);
1350 }
1351 
1352 static Key *
1353 load_pkcs11_key(char *path)
1354 {
1355 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1356 	Key **keys = NULL, *public, *private = NULL;
1357 	int i, nkeys;
1358 
1359 	if ((public = key_load_public(path, NULL)) == NULL)
1360 		fatal("Couldn't load CA public key \"%s\"", path);
1361 
1362 	nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, identity_passphrase, &keys);
1363 	debug3("%s: %d keys", __func__, nkeys);
1364 	if (nkeys <= 0)
1365 		fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
1366 	for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
1367 		if (key_equal_public(public, keys[i])) {
1368 			private = keys[i];
1369 			continue;
1370 		}
1371 		key_free(keys[i]);
1372 	}
1373 	xfree(keys);
1374 	key_free(public);
1375 	return private;
1376 #else
1377 	fatal("no pkcs11 support");
1378 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
1379 }
1380 
1381 static void
1382 do_ca_sign(struct passwd *pw, int argc, char **argv)
1383 {
1384 	int i, fd;
1385 	u_int n;
1386 	Key *ca, *public;
1387 	char *otmp, *tmp, *cp, *out, *comment, **plist = NULL;
1388 	FILE *f;
1389 	int v00 = 0; /* legacy keys */
1390 
1391 	if (key_type_name != NULL) {
1392 		switch (key_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
1393 		case KEY_RSA_CERT_V00:
1394 		case KEY_DSA_CERT_V00:
1395 			v00 = 1;
1396 			break;
1397 		case KEY_UNSPEC:
1398 			if (strcasecmp(key_type_name, "v00") == 0) {
1399 				v00 = 1;
1400 				break;
1401 			} else if (strcasecmp(key_type_name, "v01") == 0)
1402 				break;
1403 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
1404 		default:
1405 			fprintf(stderr, "unknown key type %s\n", key_type_name);
1406 			exit(1);
1407 		}
1408 	}
1409 
1410 	pkcs11_init(1);
1411 	tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
1412 	if (pkcs11provider != NULL) {
1413 		if ((ca = load_pkcs11_key(tmp)) == NULL)
1414 			fatal("No PKCS#11 key matching %s found", ca_key_path);
1415 	} else if ((ca = load_identity(tmp)) == NULL)
1416 		fatal("Couldn't load CA key \"%s\"", tmp);
1417 	xfree(tmp);
1418 
1419 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1420 		/* Split list of principals */
1421 		n = 0;
1422 		if (cert_principals != NULL) {
1423 			otmp = tmp = xstrdup(cert_principals);
1424 			plist = NULL;
1425 			for (; (cp = strsep(&tmp, ",")) != NULL; n++) {
1426 				plist = xrealloc(plist, n + 1, sizeof(*plist));
1427 				if (*(plist[n] = xstrdup(cp)) == '\0')
1428 					fatal("Empty principal name");
1429 			}
1430 			xfree(otmp);
1431 		}
1432 
1433 		tmp = tilde_expand_filename(argv[i], pw->pw_uid);
1434 		if ((public = key_load_public(tmp, &comment)) == NULL)
1435 			fatal("%s: unable to open \"%s\"", __func__, tmp);
1436 		if (public->type != KEY_RSA && public->type != KEY_DSA &&
1437 		    public->type != KEY_ECDSA)
1438 			fatal("%s: key \"%s\" type %s cannot be certified",
1439 			    __func__, tmp, key_type(public));
1440 
1441 		/* Prepare certificate to sign */
1442 		if (key_to_certified(public, v00) != 0)
1443 			fatal("Could not upgrade key %s to certificate", tmp);
1444 		public->cert->type = cert_key_type;
1445 		public->cert->serial = (u_int64_t)cert_serial;
1446 		public->cert->key_id = xstrdup(cert_key_id);
1447 		public->cert->nprincipals = n;
1448 		public->cert->principals = plist;
1449 		public->cert->valid_after = cert_valid_from;
1450 		public->cert->valid_before = cert_valid_to;
1451 		if (v00) {
1452 			prepare_options_buf(&public->cert->critical,
1453 			    OPTIONS_CRITICAL|OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
1454 		} else {
1455 			prepare_options_buf(&public->cert->critical,
1456 			    OPTIONS_CRITICAL);
1457 			prepare_options_buf(&public->cert->extensions,
1458 			    OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
1459 		}
1460 		public->cert->signature_key = key_from_private(ca);
1461 
1462 		if (key_certify(public, ca) != 0)
1463 			fatal("Couldn't not certify key %s", tmp);
1464 
1465 		if ((cp = strrchr(tmp, '.')) != NULL && strcmp(cp, ".pub") == 0)
1466 			*cp = '\0';
1467 		xasprintf(&out, "%s-cert.pub", tmp);
1468 		xfree(tmp);
1469 
1470 		if ((fd = open(out, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
1471 			fatal("Could not open \"%s\" for writing: %s", out,
1472 			    strerror(errno));
1473 		if ((f = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL)
1474 			fatal("%s: fdopen: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
1475 		if (!key_write(public, f))
1476 			fatal("Could not write certified key to %s", out);
1477 		fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
1478 		fclose(f);
1479 
1480 		if (!quiet) {
1481 			logit("Signed %s key %s: id \"%s\" serial %llu%s%s "
1482 			    "valid %s", key_cert_type(public),
1483 			    out, public->cert->key_id,
1484 			    (unsigned long long)public->cert->serial,
1485 			    cert_principals != NULL ? " for " : "",
1486 			    cert_principals != NULL ? cert_principals : "",
1487 			    fmt_validity(cert_valid_from, cert_valid_to));
1488 		}
1489 
1490 		key_free(public);
1491 		xfree(out);
1492 	}
1493 	pkcs11_terminate();
1494 	exit(0);
1495 }
1496 
1497 static u_int64_t
1498 parse_relative_time(const char *s, time_t now)
1499 {
1500 	int64_t mul, secs;
1501 
1502 	mul = *s == '-' ? -1 : 1;
1503 
1504 	if ((secs = convtime(s + 1)) == -1)
1505 		fatal("Invalid relative certificate time %s", s);
1506 	if (mul == -1 && secs > now)
1507 		fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1508 	return now + (u_int64_t)(secs * mul);
1509 }
1510 
1511 static u_int64_t
1512 parse_absolute_time(const char *s)
1513 {
1514 	struct tm tm;
1515 	time_t tt;
1516 	char buf[32], *fmt;
1517 
1518 	/*
1519 	 * POSIX strptime says "The application shall ensure that there
1520 	 * is white-space or other non-alphanumeric characters between
1521 	 * any two conversion specifications" so arrange things this way.
1522 	 */
1523 	switch (strlen(s)) {
1524 	case 8:
1525 		fmt = "%Y-%m-%d";
1526 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2s", s, s + 4, s + 6);
1527 		break;
1528 	case 14:
1529 		fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S";
1530 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2sT%.2s:%.2s:%.2s",
1531 		    s, s + 4, s + 6, s + 8, s + 10, s + 12);
1532 		break;
1533 	default:
1534 		fatal("Invalid certificate time format %s", s);
1535 	}
1536 
1537 	bzero(&tm, sizeof(tm));
1538 	if (strptime(buf, fmt, &tm) == NULL)
1539 		fatal("Invalid certificate time %s", s);
1540 	if ((tt = mktime(&tm)) < 0)
1541 		fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1542 	return (u_int64_t)tt;
1543 }
1544 
1545 static void
1546 parse_cert_times(char *timespec)
1547 {
1548 	char *from, *to;
1549 	time_t now = time(NULL);
1550 	int64_t secs;
1551 
1552 	/* +timespec relative to now */
1553 	if (*timespec == '+' && strchr(timespec, ':') == NULL) {
1554 		if ((secs = convtime(timespec + 1)) == -1)
1555 			fatal("Invalid relative certificate life %s", timespec);
1556 		cert_valid_to = now + secs;
1557 		/*
1558 		 * Backdate certificate one minute to avoid problems on hosts
1559 		 * with poorly-synchronised clocks.
1560 		 */
1561 		cert_valid_from = ((now - 59)/ 60) * 60;
1562 		return;
1563 	}
1564 
1565 	/*
1566 	 * from:to, where
1567 	 * from := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1568 	 *   to := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1569 	 */
1570 	from = xstrdup(timespec);
1571 	to = strchr(from, ':');
1572 	if (to == NULL || from == to || *(to + 1) == '\0')
1573 		fatal("Invalid certificate life specification %s", timespec);
1574 	*to++ = '\0';
1575 
1576 	if (*from == '-' || *from == '+')
1577 		cert_valid_from = parse_relative_time(from, now);
1578 	else
1579 		cert_valid_from = parse_absolute_time(from);
1580 
1581 	if (*to == '-' || *to == '+')
1582 		cert_valid_to = parse_relative_time(to, cert_valid_from);
1583 	else
1584 		cert_valid_to = parse_absolute_time(to);
1585 
1586 	if (cert_valid_to <= cert_valid_from)
1587 		fatal("Empty certificate validity interval");
1588 	xfree(from);
1589 }
1590 
1591 static void
1592 add_cert_option(char *opt)
1593 {
1594 	char *val;
1595 
1596 	if (strcmp(opt, "clear") == 0)
1597 		certflags_flags = 0;
1598 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1599 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1600 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1601 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1602 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1603 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1604 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1605 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1606 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-port-forwarding") == 0)
1607 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1608 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0)
1609 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1610 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-pty") == 0)
1611 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PTY;
1612 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-pty") == 0)
1613 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PTY;
1614 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-user-rc") == 0)
1615 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1616 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-user-rc") == 0)
1617 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1618 	else if (strncasecmp(opt, "force-command=", 14) == 0) {
1619 		val = opt + 14;
1620 		if (*val == '\0')
1621 			fatal("Empty force-command option");
1622 		if (certflags_command != NULL)
1623 			fatal("force-command already specified");
1624 		certflags_command = xstrdup(val);
1625 	} else if (strncasecmp(opt, "source-address=", 15) == 0) {
1626 		val = opt + 15;
1627 		if (*val == '\0')
1628 			fatal("Empty source-address option");
1629 		if (certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1630 			fatal("source-address already specified");
1631 		if (addr_match_cidr_list(NULL, val) != 0)
1632 			fatal("Invalid source-address list");
1633 		certflags_src_addr = xstrdup(val);
1634 	} else
1635 		fatal("Unsupported certificate option \"%s\"", opt);
1636 }
1637 
1638 static void
1639 show_options(const Buffer *optbuf, int v00, int in_critical)
1640 {
1641 	u_char *name, *data;
1642 	u_int dlen;
1643 	Buffer options, option;
1644 
1645 	buffer_init(&options);
1646 	buffer_append(&options, buffer_ptr(optbuf), buffer_len(optbuf));
1647 
1648 	buffer_init(&option);
1649 	while (buffer_len(&options) != 0) {
1650 		name = buffer_get_string(&options, NULL);
1651 		data = buffer_get_string_ptr(&options, &dlen);
1652 		buffer_append(&option, data, dlen);
1653 		printf("                %s", name);
1654 		if ((v00 || !in_critical) &&
1655 		    (strcmp(name, "permit-X11-forwarding") == 0 ||
1656 		    strcmp(name, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0 ||
1657 		    strcmp(name, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0 ||
1658 		    strcmp(name, "permit-pty") == 0 ||
1659 		    strcmp(name, "permit-user-rc") == 0))
1660 			printf("\n");
1661 		else if ((v00 || in_critical) &&
1662 		    (strcmp(name, "force-command") == 0 ||
1663 		    strcmp(name, "source-address") == 0)) {
1664 			data = buffer_get_string(&option, NULL);
1665 			printf(" %s\n", data);
1666 			xfree(data);
1667 		} else {
1668 			printf(" UNKNOWN OPTION (len %u)\n",
1669 			    buffer_len(&option));
1670 			buffer_clear(&option);
1671 		}
1672 		xfree(name);
1673 		if (buffer_len(&option) != 0)
1674 			fatal("Option corrupt: extra data at end");
1675 	}
1676 	buffer_free(&option);
1677 	buffer_free(&options);
1678 }
1679 
1680 static void
1681 do_show_cert(struct passwd *pw)
1682 {
1683 	Key *key;
1684 	struct stat st;
1685 	char *key_fp, *ca_fp;
1686 	u_int i, v00;
1687 
1688 	if (!have_identity)
1689 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1690 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
1691 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
1692 	if ((key = key_load_public(identity_file, NULL)) == NULL)
1693 		fatal("%s is not a public key", identity_file);
1694 	if (!key_is_cert(key))
1695 		fatal("%s is not a certificate", identity_file);
1696 	v00 = key->type == KEY_RSA_CERT_V00 || key->type == KEY_DSA_CERT_V00;
1697 
1698 	key_fp = key_fingerprint(key, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
1699 	ca_fp = key_fingerprint(key->cert->signature_key,
1700 	    SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
1701 
1702 	printf("%s:\n", identity_file);
1703 	printf("        Type: %s %s certificate\n", key_ssh_name(key),
1704 	    key_cert_type(key));
1705 	printf("        Public key: %s %s\n", key_type(key), key_fp);
1706 	printf("        Signing CA: %s %s\n",
1707 	    key_type(key->cert->signature_key), ca_fp);
1708 	printf("        Key ID: \"%s\"\n", key->cert->key_id);
1709 	if (!v00) {
1710 		printf("        Serial: %llu\n",
1711 		    (unsigned long long)key->cert->serial);
1712 	}
1713 	printf("        Valid: %s\n",
1714 	    fmt_validity(key->cert->valid_after, key->cert->valid_before));
1715 	printf("        Principals: ");
1716 	if (key->cert->nprincipals == 0)
1717 		printf("(none)\n");
1718 	else {
1719 		for (i = 0; i < key->cert->nprincipals; i++)
1720 			printf("\n                %s",
1721 			    key->cert->principals[i]);
1722 		printf("\n");
1723 	}
1724 	printf("        Critical Options: ");
1725 	if (buffer_len(&key->cert->critical) == 0)
1726 		printf("(none)\n");
1727 	else {
1728 		printf("\n");
1729 		show_options(&key->cert->critical, v00, 1);
1730 	}
1731 	if (!v00) {
1732 		printf("        Extensions: ");
1733 		if (buffer_len(&key->cert->extensions) == 0)
1734 			printf("(none)\n");
1735 		else {
1736 			printf("\n");
1737 			show_options(&key->cert->extensions, v00, 0);
1738 		}
1739 	}
1740 	exit(0);
1741 }
1742 
1743 static void
1744 usage(void)
1745 {
1746 	fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s [options]\n", __progname);
1747 	fprintf(stderr, "Options:\n");
1748 	fprintf(stderr, "  -a trials   Number of trials for screening DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1749 	fprintf(stderr, "  -B          Show bubblebabble digest of key file.\n");
1750 	fprintf(stderr, "  -b bits     Number of bits in the key to create.\n");
1751 	fprintf(stderr, "  -C comment  Provide new comment.\n");
1752 	fprintf(stderr, "  -c          Change comment in private and public key files.\n");
1753 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1754 	fprintf(stderr, "  -D pkcs11   Download public key from pkcs11 token.\n");
1755 #endif
1756 	fprintf(stderr, "  -e          Export OpenSSH to foreign format key file.\n");
1757 	fprintf(stderr, "  -F hostname Find hostname in known hosts file.\n");
1758 	fprintf(stderr, "  -f filename Filename of the key file.\n");
1759 	fprintf(stderr, "  -G file     Generate candidates for DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1760 	fprintf(stderr, "  -g          Use generic DNS resource record format.\n");
1761 	fprintf(stderr, "  -H          Hash names in known_hosts file.\n");
1762 	fprintf(stderr, "  -h          Generate host certificate instead of a user certificate.\n");
1763 	fprintf(stderr, "  -I key_id   Key identifier to include in certificate.\n");
1764 	fprintf(stderr, "  -i          Import foreign format to OpenSSH key file.\n");
1765 	fprintf(stderr, "  -L          Print the contents of a certificate.\n");
1766 	fprintf(stderr, "  -l          Show fingerprint of key file.\n");
1767 	fprintf(stderr, "  -M memory   Amount of memory (MB) to use for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1768 	fprintf(stderr, "  -m key_fmt  Conversion format for -e/-i (PEM|PKCS8|RFC4716).\n");
1769 	fprintf(stderr, "  -N phrase   Provide new passphrase.\n");
1770 	fprintf(stderr, "  -n name,... User/host principal names to include in certificate\n");
1771 	fprintf(stderr, "  -O option   Specify a certificate option.\n");
1772 	fprintf(stderr, "  -P phrase   Provide old passphrase.\n");
1773 	fprintf(stderr, "  -p          Change passphrase of private key file.\n");
1774 	fprintf(stderr, "  -q          Quiet.\n");
1775 	fprintf(stderr, "  -R hostname Remove host from known_hosts file.\n");
1776 	fprintf(stderr, "  -r hostname Print DNS resource record.\n");
1777 	fprintf(stderr, "  -S start    Start point (hex) for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1778 	fprintf(stderr, "  -s ca_key   Certify keys with CA key.\n");
1779 	fprintf(stderr, "  -T file     Screen candidates for DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1780 	fprintf(stderr, "  -t type     Specify type of key to create.\n");
1781 	fprintf(stderr, "  -V from:to  Specify certificate validity interval.\n");
1782 	fprintf(stderr, "  -v          Verbose.\n");
1783 	fprintf(stderr, "  -W gen      Generator to use for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1784 	fprintf(stderr, "  -y          Read private key file and print public key.\n");
1785 	fprintf(stderr, "  -z serial   Specify a serial number.\n");
1786 
1787 	exit(1);
1788 }
1789 
1790 /*
1791  * Main program for key management.
1792  */
1793 int
1794 main(int argc, char **argv)
1795 {
1796 	char dotsshdir[MAXPATHLEN], comment[1024], *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
1797 	char out_file[MAXPATHLEN], *rr_hostname = NULL;
1798 	Key *private, *public;
1799 	struct passwd *pw;
1800 	struct stat st;
1801 	int opt, type, fd;
1802 	u_int maxbits;
1803 	u_int32_t memory = 0, generator_wanted = 0, trials = 100;
1804 	int do_gen_candidates = 0, do_screen_candidates = 0;
1805 	BIGNUM *start = NULL;
1806 	FILE *f;
1807 	const char *errstr;
1808 
1809 	extern int optind;
1810 	extern char *optarg;
1811 
1812 	/* Ensure that fds 0, 1 and 2 are open or directed to /dev/null */
1813 	sanitise_stdfd();
1814 
1815 	__progname = ssh_get_progname(argv[0]);
1816 
1817 	OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
1818 	log_init(argv[0], SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
1819 
1820 	init_rng();
1821 	seed_rng();
1822 
1823 	/* we need this for the home * directory.  */
1824 	pw = getpwuid(getuid());
1825 	if (!pw) {
1826 		printf("You don't exist, go away!\n");
1827 		exit(1);
1828 	}
1829 	if (gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)) < 0) {
1830 		perror("gethostname");
1831 		exit(1);
1832 	}
1833 
1834 	while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "degiqpclBHLhvxXyF:b:f:t:D:I:P:m:N:n:"
1835 	    "O:C:r:g:R:T:G:M:S:s:a:V:W:z:")) != -1) {
1836 		switch (opt) {
1837 		case 'b':
1838 			bits = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 256, 32768, &errstr);
1839 			if (errstr)
1840 				fatal("Bits has bad value %s (%s)",
1841 					optarg, errstr);
1842 			break;
1843 		case 'F':
1844 			find_host = 1;
1845 			rr_hostname = optarg;
1846 			break;
1847 		case 'H':
1848 			hash_hosts = 1;
1849 			break;
1850 		case 'I':
1851 			cert_key_id = optarg;
1852 			break;
1853 		case 'R':
1854 			delete_host = 1;
1855 			rr_hostname = optarg;
1856 			break;
1857 		case 'L':
1858 			show_cert = 1;
1859 			break;
1860 		case 'l':
1861 			print_fingerprint = 1;
1862 			break;
1863 		case 'B':
1864 			print_bubblebabble = 1;
1865 			break;
1866 		case 'm':
1867 			if (strcasecmp(optarg, "RFC4716") == 0 ||
1868 			    strcasecmp(optarg, "ssh2") == 0) {
1869 				convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
1870 				break;
1871 			}
1872 			if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PKCS8") == 0) {
1873 				convert_format = FMT_PKCS8;
1874 				break;
1875 			}
1876 			if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PEM") == 0) {
1877 				convert_format = FMT_PEM;
1878 				break;
1879 			}
1880 			fatal("Unsupported conversion format \"%s\"", optarg);
1881 		case 'n':
1882 			cert_principals = optarg;
1883 			break;
1884 		case 'p':
1885 			change_passphrase = 1;
1886 			break;
1887 		case 'c':
1888 			change_comment = 1;
1889 			break;
1890 		case 'f':
1891 			if (strlcpy(identity_file, optarg, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
1892 			    sizeof(identity_file))
1893 				fatal("Identity filename too long");
1894 			have_identity = 1;
1895 			break;
1896 		case 'g':
1897 			print_generic = 1;
1898 			break;
1899 		case 'P':
1900 			identity_passphrase = optarg;
1901 			break;
1902 		case 'N':
1903 			identity_new_passphrase = optarg;
1904 			break;
1905 		case 'O':
1906 			add_cert_option(optarg);
1907 			break;
1908 		case 'C':
1909 			identity_comment = optarg;
1910 			break;
1911 		case 'q':
1912 			quiet = 1;
1913 			break;
1914 		case 'e':
1915 		case 'x':
1916 			/* export key */
1917 			convert_to = 1;
1918 			break;
1919 		case 'h':
1920 			cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_HOST;
1921 			certflags_flags = 0;
1922 			break;
1923 		case 'i':
1924 		case 'X':
1925 			/* import key */
1926 			convert_from = 1;
1927 			break;
1928 		case 'y':
1929 			print_public = 1;
1930 			break;
1931 		case 'd':
1932 			key_type_name = "dsa";
1933 			break;
1934 		case 's':
1935 			ca_key_path = optarg;
1936 			break;
1937 		case 't':
1938 			key_type_name = optarg;
1939 			break;
1940 		case 'D':
1941 			pkcs11provider = optarg;
1942 			break;
1943 		case 'v':
1944 			if (log_level == SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO)
1945 				log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
1946 			else {
1947 				if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1 &&
1948 				    log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3)
1949 					log_level++;
1950 			}
1951 			break;
1952 		case 'r':
1953 			rr_hostname = optarg;
1954 			break;
1955 		case 'W':
1956 			generator_wanted = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1,
1957 			    UINT_MAX, &errstr);
1958 			if (errstr)
1959 				fatal("Desired generator has bad value: %s (%s)",
1960 					optarg, errstr);
1961 			break;
1962 		case 'a':
1963 			trials = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
1964 			if (errstr)
1965 				fatal("Invalid number of trials: %s (%s)",
1966 					optarg, errstr);
1967 			break;
1968 		case 'M':
1969 			memory = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
1970 			if (errstr)
1971 				fatal("Memory limit is %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
1972 			break;
1973 		case 'G':
1974 			do_gen_candidates = 1;
1975 			if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
1976 			    sizeof(out_file))
1977 				fatal("Output filename too long");
1978 			break;
1979 		case 'T':
1980 			do_screen_candidates = 1;
1981 			if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
1982 			    sizeof(out_file))
1983 				fatal("Output filename too long");
1984 			break;
1985 		case 'S':
1986 			/* XXX - also compare length against bits */
1987 			if (BN_hex2bn(&start, optarg) == 0)
1988 				fatal("Invalid start point.");
1989 			break;
1990 		case 'V':
1991 			parse_cert_times(optarg);
1992 			break;
1993 		case 'z':
1994 			cert_serial = strtonum(optarg, 0, LLONG_MAX, &errstr);
1995 			if (errstr)
1996 				fatal("Invalid serial number: %s", errstr);
1997 			break;
1998 		case '?':
1999 		default:
2000 			usage();
2001 		}
2002 	}
2003 
2004 	/* reinit */
2005 	log_init(argv[0], log_level, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
2006 
2007 	argv += optind;
2008 	argc -= optind;
2009 
2010 	if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2011 		if (argc < 1) {
2012 			printf("Too few arguments.\n");
2013 			usage();
2014 		}
2015 	} else if (argc > 0) {
2016 		printf("Too many arguments.\n");
2017 		usage();
2018 	}
2019 	if (change_passphrase && change_comment) {
2020 		printf("Can only have one of -p and -c.\n");
2021 		usage();
2022 	}
2023 	if (print_fingerprint && (delete_host || hash_hosts)) {
2024 		printf("Cannot use -l with -D or -R.\n");
2025 		usage();
2026 	}
2027 	if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2028 		if (cert_key_id == NULL)
2029 			fatal("Must specify key id (-I) when certifying");
2030 		do_ca_sign(pw, argc, argv);
2031 	}
2032 	if (show_cert)
2033 		do_show_cert(pw);
2034 	if (delete_host || hash_hosts || find_host)
2035 		do_known_hosts(pw, rr_hostname);
2036 	if (print_fingerprint || print_bubblebabble)
2037 		do_fingerprint(pw);
2038 	if (change_passphrase)
2039 		do_change_passphrase(pw);
2040 	if (change_comment)
2041 		do_change_comment(pw);
2042 	if (convert_to)
2043 		do_convert_to(pw);
2044 	if (convert_from)
2045 		do_convert_from(pw);
2046 	if (print_public)
2047 		do_print_public(pw);
2048 	if (rr_hostname != NULL) {
2049 		unsigned int n = 0;
2050 
2051 		if (have_identity) {
2052 			n = do_print_resource_record(pw,
2053 			    identity_file, rr_hostname);
2054 			if (n == 0) {
2055 				perror(identity_file);
2056 				exit(1);
2057 			}
2058 			exit(0);
2059 		} else {
2060 
2061 			n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2062 			    _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2063 			n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2064 			    _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2065 
2066 			if (n == 0)
2067 				fatal("no keys found.");
2068 			exit(0);
2069 		}
2070 	}
2071 	if (pkcs11provider != NULL)
2072 		do_download(pw);
2073 
2074 	if (do_gen_candidates) {
2075 		FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "w");
2076 
2077 		if (out == NULL) {
2078 			error("Couldn't open modulus candidate file \"%s\": %s",
2079 			    out_file, strerror(errno));
2080 			return (1);
2081 		}
2082 		if (bits == 0)
2083 			bits = DEFAULT_BITS;
2084 		if (gen_candidates(out, memory, bits, start) != 0)
2085 			fatal("modulus candidate generation failed");
2086 
2087 		return (0);
2088 	}
2089 
2090 	if (do_screen_candidates) {
2091 		FILE *in;
2092 		FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "w");
2093 
2094 		if (have_identity && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0) {
2095 			if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL) {
2096 				fatal("Couldn't open modulus candidate "
2097 				    "file \"%s\": %s", identity_file,
2098 				    strerror(errno));
2099 			}
2100 		} else
2101 			in = stdin;
2102 
2103 		if (out == NULL) {
2104 			fatal("Couldn't open moduli file \"%s\": %s",
2105 			    out_file, strerror(errno));
2106 		}
2107 		if (prime_test(in, out, trials, generator_wanted) != 0)
2108 			fatal("modulus screening failed");
2109 		return (0);
2110 	}
2111 
2112 	arc4random_stir();
2113 
2114 	if (key_type_name == NULL)
2115 		key_type_name = "rsa";
2116 
2117 	type = key_type_from_name(key_type_name);
2118 	if (type == KEY_UNSPEC) {
2119 		fprintf(stderr, "unknown key type %s\n", key_type_name);
2120 		exit(1);
2121 	}
2122 	if (bits == 0) {
2123 		if (type == KEY_DSA)
2124 			bits = DEFAULT_BITS_DSA;
2125 		else if (type == KEY_ECDSA)
2126 			bits = DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA;
2127 		else
2128 			bits = DEFAULT_BITS;
2129 	}
2130 	maxbits = (type == KEY_DSA) ?
2131 	    OPENSSL_DSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS : OPENSSL_RSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS;
2132 	if (bits > maxbits) {
2133 		fprintf(stderr, "key bits exceeds maximum %d\n", maxbits);
2134 		exit(1);
2135 	}
2136 	if (type == KEY_DSA && bits != 1024)
2137 		fatal("DSA keys must be 1024 bits");
2138 	else if (type != KEY_ECDSA && bits < 768)
2139 		fatal("Key must at least be 768 bits");
2140 	else if (type == KEY_ECDSA && key_ecdsa_bits_to_nid(bits) == -1)
2141 		fatal("Invalid ECDSA key length - valid lengths are "
2142 		    "256, 384 or 521 bits");
2143 	if (!quiet)
2144 		printf("Generating public/private %s key pair.\n", key_type_name);
2145 	private = key_generate(type, bits);
2146 	if (private == NULL) {
2147 		fprintf(stderr, "key_generate failed\n");
2148 		exit(1);
2149 	}
2150 	public  = key_from_private(private);
2151 
2152 	if (!have_identity)
2153 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which to save the key");
2154 
2155 	/* Create ~/.ssh directory if it doesn't already exist. */
2156 	snprintf(dotsshdir, sizeof dotsshdir, "%s/%s",
2157 	    pw->pw_dir, _PATH_SSH_USER_DIR);
2158 	if (strstr(identity_file, dotsshdir) != NULL) {
2159 		if (stat(dotsshdir, &st) < 0) {
2160 			if (errno != ENOENT) {
2161 				error("Could not stat %s: %s", dotsshdir,
2162 				    strerror(errno));
2163 			} else if (mkdir(dotsshdir, 0700) < 0) {
2164 				error("Could not create directory '%s': %s",
2165 				    dotsshdir, strerror(errno));
2166 			} else if (!quiet)
2167 				printf("Created directory '%s'.\n", dotsshdir);
2168 		}
2169 	}
2170 	/* If the file already exists, ask the user to confirm. */
2171 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) >= 0) {
2172 		char yesno[3];
2173 		printf("%s already exists.\n", identity_file);
2174 		printf("Overwrite (y/n)? ");
2175 		fflush(stdout);
2176 		if (fgets(yesno, sizeof(yesno), stdin) == NULL)
2177 			exit(1);
2178 		if (yesno[0] != 'y' && yesno[0] != 'Y')
2179 			exit(1);
2180 	}
2181 	/* Ask for a passphrase (twice). */
2182 	if (identity_passphrase)
2183 		passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
2184 	else if (identity_new_passphrase)
2185 		passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
2186 	else {
2187 passphrase_again:
2188 		passphrase1 =
2189 			read_passphrase("Enter passphrase (empty for no "
2190 			    "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2191 		passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
2192 		    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2193 		if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
2194 			/*
2195 			 * The passphrases do not match.  Clear them and
2196 			 * retry.
2197 			 */
2198 			memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
2199 			memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
2200 			xfree(passphrase1);
2201 			xfree(passphrase2);
2202 			printf("Passphrases do not match.  Try again.\n");
2203 			goto passphrase_again;
2204 		}
2205 		/* Clear the other copy of the passphrase. */
2206 		memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
2207 		xfree(passphrase2);
2208 	}
2209 
2210 	if (identity_comment) {
2211 		strlcpy(comment, identity_comment, sizeof(comment));
2212 	} else {
2213 		/* Create default comment field for the passphrase. */
2214 		snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name, hostname);
2215 	}
2216 
2217 	/* Save the key with the given passphrase and comment. */
2218 	if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1, comment)) {
2219 		printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
2220 		memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
2221 		xfree(passphrase1);
2222 		exit(1);
2223 	}
2224 	/* Clear the passphrase. */
2225 	memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
2226 	xfree(passphrase1);
2227 
2228 	/* Clear the private key and the random number generator. */
2229 	key_free(private);
2230 	arc4random_stir();
2231 
2232 	if (!quiet)
2233 		printf("Your identification has been saved in %s.\n", identity_file);
2234 
2235 	strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
2236 	fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
2237 	if (fd == -1) {
2238 		printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n", identity_file);
2239 		exit(1);
2240 	}
2241 	f = fdopen(fd, "w");
2242 	if (f == NULL) {
2243 		printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
2244 		exit(1);
2245 	}
2246 	if (!key_write(public, f))
2247 		fprintf(stderr, "write key failed\n");
2248 	fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
2249 	fclose(f);
2250 
2251 	if (!quiet) {
2252 		char *fp = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
2253 		char *ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5,
2254 		    SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
2255 		printf("Your public key has been saved in %s.\n",
2256 		    identity_file);
2257 		printf("The key fingerprint is:\n");
2258 		printf("%s %s\n", fp, comment);
2259 		printf("The key's randomart image is:\n");
2260 		printf("%s\n", ra);
2261 		xfree(ra);
2262 		xfree(fp);
2263 	}
2264 
2265 	key_free(public);
2266 	exit(0);
2267 }
2268