xref: /dragonfly/crypto/openssh/ssh-keygen.c (revision d4ef6694)
1 /* $OpenBSD: ssh-keygen.c,v 1.216 2012/07/06 06:38:03 jmc Exp $ */
2 /*
3  * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
4  * Copyright (c) 1994 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
5  *                    All rights reserved
6  * Identity and host key generation and maintenance.
7  *
8  * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
9  * can be used freely for any purpose.  Any derived versions of this
10  * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
11  * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
12  * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
13  */
14 
15 #include "includes.h"
16 
17 #include <sys/types.h>
18 #include <sys/socket.h>
19 #include <sys/stat.h>
20 #include <sys/param.h>
21 
22 #include <openssl/evp.h>
23 #include <openssl/pem.h>
24 #include "openbsd-compat/openssl-compat.h"
25 
26 #include <errno.h>
27 #include <fcntl.h>
28 #include <netdb.h>
29 #ifdef HAVE_PATHS_H
30 # include <paths.h>
31 #endif
32 #include <pwd.h>
33 #include <stdarg.h>
34 #include <stdio.h>
35 #include <stdlib.h>
36 #include <string.h>
37 #include <unistd.h>
38 
39 #include "xmalloc.h"
40 #include "key.h"
41 #include "rsa.h"
42 #include "authfile.h"
43 #include "uuencode.h"
44 #include "buffer.h"
45 #include "pathnames.h"
46 #include "log.h"
47 #include "misc.h"
48 #include "match.h"
49 #include "hostfile.h"
50 #include "dns.h"
51 #include "ssh2.h"
52 #include "ssh-pkcs11.h"
53 
54 /* Number of bits in the RSA/DSA key.  This value can be set on the command line. */
55 #define DEFAULT_BITS		2048
56 #define DEFAULT_BITS_DSA	1024
57 #define DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA	256
58 u_int32_t bits = 0;
59 
60 /*
61  * Flag indicating that we just want to change the passphrase.  This can be
62  * set on the command line.
63  */
64 int change_passphrase = 0;
65 
66 /*
67  * Flag indicating that we just want to change the comment.  This can be set
68  * on the command line.
69  */
70 int change_comment = 0;
71 
72 int quiet = 0;
73 
74 int log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO;
75 
76 /* Flag indicating that we want to hash a known_hosts file */
77 int hash_hosts = 0;
78 /* Flag indicating that we want lookup a host in known_hosts file */
79 int find_host = 0;
80 /* Flag indicating that we want to delete a host from a known_hosts file */
81 int delete_host = 0;
82 
83 /* Flag indicating that we want to show the contents of a certificate */
84 int show_cert = 0;
85 
86 /* Flag indicating that we just want to see the key fingerprint */
87 int print_fingerprint = 0;
88 int print_bubblebabble = 0;
89 
90 /* The identity file name, given on the command line or entered by the user. */
91 char identity_file[1024];
92 int have_identity = 0;
93 
94 /* This is set to the passphrase if given on the command line. */
95 char *identity_passphrase = NULL;
96 
97 /* This is set to the new passphrase if given on the command line. */
98 char *identity_new_passphrase = NULL;
99 
100 /* This is set to the new comment if given on the command line. */
101 char *identity_comment = NULL;
102 
103 /* Path to CA key when certifying keys. */
104 char *ca_key_path = NULL;
105 
106 /* Certificate serial number */
107 long long cert_serial = 0;
108 
109 /* Key type when certifying */
110 u_int cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_USER;
111 
112 /* "key ID" of signed key */
113 char *cert_key_id = NULL;
114 
115 /* Comma-separated list of principal names for certifying keys */
116 char *cert_principals = NULL;
117 
118 /* Validity period for certificates */
119 u_int64_t cert_valid_from = 0;
120 u_int64_t cert_valid_to = ~0ULL;
121 
122 /* Certificate options */
123 #define CERTOPT_X_FWD	(1)
124 #define CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD	(1<<1)
125 #define CERTOPT_PORT_FWD	(1<<2)
126 #define CERTOPT_PTY		(1<<3)
127 #define CERTOPT_USER_RC	(1<<4)
128 #define CERTOPT_DEFAULT	(CERTOPT_X_FWD|CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD| \
129 			 CERTOPT_PORT_FWD|CERTOPT_PTY|CERTOPT_USER_RC)
130 u_int32_t certflags_flags = CERTOPT_DEFAULT;
131 char *certflags_command = NULL;
132 char *certflags_src_addr = NULL;
133 
134 /* Conversion to/from various formats */
135 int convert_to = 0;
136 int convert_from = 0;
137 enum {
138 	FMT_RFC4716,
139 	FMT_PKCS8,
140 	FMT_PEM
141 } convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
142 int print_public = 0;
143 int print_generic = 0;
144 
145 char *key_type_name = NULL;
146 
147 /* Load key from this PKCS#11 provider */
148 char *pkcs11provider = NULL;
149 
150 /* argv0 */
151 extern char *__progname;
152 
153 char hostname[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
154 
155 /* moduli.c */
156 int gen_candidates(FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, BIGNUM *);
157 int prime_test(FILE *, FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, char *, unsigned long,
158     unsigned long);
159 
160 static void
161 type_bits_valid(int type, u_int32_t *bitsp)
162 {
163 	u_int maxbits;
164 
165 	if (type == KEY_UNSPEC) {
166 		fprintf(stderr, "unknown key type %s\n", key_type_name);
167 		exit(1);
168 	}
169 	if (*bitsp == 0) {
170 		if (type == KEY_DSA)
171 			*bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_DSA;
172 		else if (type == KEY_ECDSA)
173 			*bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA;
174 		else
175 			*bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS;
176 	}
177 	maxbits = (type == KEY_DSA) ?
178 	    OPENSSL_DSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS : OPENSSL_RSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS;
179 	if (*bitsp > maxbits) {
180 		fprintf(stderr, "key bits exceeds maximum %d\n", maxbits);
181 		exit(1);
182 	}
183 	if (type == KEY_DSA && *bitsp != 1024)
184 		fatal("DSA keys must be 1024 bits");
185 	else if (type != KEY_ECDSA && *bitsp < 768)
186 		fatal("Key must at least be 768 bits");
187 	else if (type == KEY_ECDSA && key_ecdsa_bits_to_nid(*bitsp) == -1)
188 		fatal("Invalid ECDSA key length - valid lengths are "
189 		    "256, 384 or 521 bits");
190 }
191 
192 static void
193 ask_filename(struct passwd *pw, const char *prompt)
194 {
195 	char buf[1024];
196 	char *name = NULL;
197 
198 	if (key_type_name == NULL)
199 		name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
200 	else {
201 		switch (key_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
202 		case KEY_RSA1:
203 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_IDENTITY;
204 			break;
205 		case KEY_DSA_CERT:
206 		case KEY_DSA_CERT_V00:
207 		case KEY_DSA:
208 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_DSA;
209 			break;
210 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
211 		case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
212 		case KEY_ECDSA:
213 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ECDSA;
214 			break;
215 #endif
216 		case KEY_RSA_CERT:
217 		case KEY_RSA_CERT_V00:
218 		case KEY_RSA:
219 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
220 			break;
221 		default:
222 			fprintf(stderr, "bad key type\n");
223 			exit(1);
224 			break;
225 		}
226 	}
227 	snprintf(identity_file, sizeof(identity_file), "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir, name);
228 	fprintf(stderr, "%s (%s): ", prompt, identity_file);
229 	if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL)
230 		exit(1);
231 	buf[strcspn(buf, "\n")] = '\0';
232 	if (strcmp(buf, "") != 0)
233 		strlcpy(identity_file, buf, sizeof(identity_file));
234 	have_identity = 1;
235 }
236 
237 static Key *
238 load_identity(char *filename)
239 {
240 	char *pass;
241 	Key *prv;
242 
243 	prv = key_load_private(filename, "", NULL);
244 	if (prv == NULL) {
245 		if (identity_passphrase)
246 			pass = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
247 		else
248 			pass = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
249 			    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
250 		prv = key_load_private(filename, pass, NULL);
251 		memset(pass, 0, strlen(pass));
252 		xfree(pass);
253 	}
254 	return prv;
255 }
256 
257 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN		"---- BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
258 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END		"---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
259 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN		"---- BEGIN SSH2 ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY ----"
260 #define	SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC	0x3f6ff9eb
261 
262 static void
263 do_convert_to_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, Key *k)
264 {
265 	u_int len;
266 	u_char *blob;
267 	char comment[61];
268 
269 	if (k->type == KEY_RSA1) {
270 		fprintf(stderr, "version 1 keys are not supported\n");
271 		exit(1);
272 	}
273 	if (key_to_blob(k, &blob, &len) <= 0) {
274 		fprintf(stderr, "key_to_blob failed\n");
275 		exit(1);
276 	}
277 	/* Comment + surrounds must fit into 72 chars (RFC 4716 sec 3.3) */
278 	snprintf(comment, sizeof(comment),
279 	    "%u-bit %s, converted by %s@%s from OpenSSH",
280 	    key_size(k), key_type(k),
281 	    pw->pw_name, hostname);
282 
283 	fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN);
284 	fprintf(stdout, "Comment: \"%s\"\n", comment);
285 	dump_base64(stdout, blob, len);
286 	fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END);
287 	key_free(k);
288 	xfree(blob);
289 	exit(0);
290 }
291 
292 static void
293 do_convert_to_pkcs8(Key *k)
294 {
295 	switch (key_type_plain(k->type)) {
296 	case KEY_RSA1:
297 	case KEY_RSA:
298 		if (!PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->rsa))
299 			fatal("PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY failed");
300 		break;
301 	case KEY_DSA:
302 		if (!PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->dsa))
303 			fatal("PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY failed");
304 		break;
305 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
306 	case KEY_ECDSA:
307 		if (!PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY(stdout, k->ecdsa))
308 			fatal("PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY failed");
309 		break;
310 #endif
311 	default:
312 		fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, key_type(k));
313 	}
314 	exit(0);
315 }
316 
317 static void
318 do_convert_to_pem(Key *k)
319 {
320 	switch (key_type_plain(k->type)) {
321 	case KEY_RSA1:
322 	case KEY_RSA:
323 		if (!PEM_write_RSAPublicKey(stdout, k->rsa))
324 			fatal("PEM_write_RSAPublicKey failed");
325 		break;
326 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
327 	case KEY_DSA:
328 		if (!PEM_write_DSAPublicKey(stdout, k->dsa))
329 			fatal("PEM_write_DSAPublicKey failed");
330 		break;
331 #endif
332 	/* XXX ECDSA? */
333 	default:
334 		fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, key_type(k));
335 	}
336 	exit(0);
337 }
338 
339 static void
340 do_convert_to(struct passwd *pw)
341 {
342 	Key *k;
343 	struct stat st;
344 
345 	if (!have_identity)
346 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
347 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
348 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
349 	if ((k = key_load_public(identity_file, NULL)) == NULL) {
350 		if ((k = load_identity(identity_file)) == NULL) {
351 			fprintf(stderr, "load failed\n");
352 			exit(1);
353 		}
354 	}
355 
356 	switch (convert_format) {
357 	case FMT_RFC4716:
358 		do_convert_to_ssh2(pw, k);
359 		break;
360 	case FMT_PKCS8:
361 		do_convert_to_pkcs8(k);
362 		break;
363 	case FMT_PEM:
364 		do_convert_to_pem(k);
365 		break;
366 	default:
367 		fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
368 	}
369 	exit(0);
370 }
371 
372 static void
373 buffer_get_bignum_bits(Buffer *b, BIGNUM *value)
374 {
375 	u_int bignum_bits = buffer_get_int(b);
376 	u_int bytes = (bignum_bits + 7) / 8;
377 
378 	if (buffer_len(b) < bytes)
379 		fatal("buffer_get_bignum_bits: input buffer too small: "
380 		    "need %d have %d", bytes, buffer_len(b));
381 	if (BN_bin2bn(buffer_ptr(b), bytes, value) == NULL)
382 		fatal("buffer_get_bignum_bits: BN_bin2bn failed");
383 	buffer_consume(b, bytes);
384 }
385 
386 static Key *
387 do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(u_char *blob, u_int blen)
388 {
389 	Buffer b;
390 	Key *key = NULL;
391 	char *type, *cipher;
392 	u_char *sig, data[] = "abcde12345";
393 	int magic, rlen, ktype, i1, i2, i3, i4;
394 	u_int slen;
395 	u_long e;
396 
397 	buffer_init(&b);
398 	buffer_append(&b, blob, blen);
399 
400 	magic = buffer_get_int(&b);
401 	if (magic != SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC) {
402 		error("bad magic 0x%x != 0x%x", magic, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC);
403 		buffer_free(&b);
404 		return NULL;
405 	}
406 	i1 = buffer_get_int(&b);
407 	type   = buffer_get_string(&b, NULL);
408 	cipher = buffer_get_string(&b, NULL);
409 	i2 = buffer_get_int(&b);
410 	i3 = buffer_get_int(&b);
411 	i4 = buffer_get_int(&b);
412 	debug("ignore (%d %d %d %d)", i1, i2, i3, i4);
413 	if (strcmp(cipher, "none") != 0) {
414 		error("unsupported cipher %s", cipher);
415 		xfree(cipher);
416 		buffer_free(&b);
417 		xfree(type);
418 		return NULL;
419 	}
420 	xfree(cipher);
421 
422 	if (strstr(type, "dsa")) {
423 		ktype = KEY_DSA;
424 	} else if (strstr(type, "rsa")) {
425 		ktype = KEY_RSA;
426 	} else {
427 		buffer_free(&b);
428 		xfree(type);
429 		return NULL;
430 	}
431 	key = key_new_private(ktype);
432 	xfree(type);
433 
434 	switch (key->type) {
435 	case KEY_DSA:
436 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->p);
437 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->g);
438 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->q);
439 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->pub_key);
440 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->priv_key);
441 		break;
442 	case KEY_RSA:
443 		e = buffer_get_char(&b);
444 		debug("e %lx", e);
445 		if (e < 30) {
446 			e <<= 8;
447 			e += buffer_get_char(&b);
448 			debug("e %lx", e);
449 			e <<= 8;
450 			e += buffer_get_char(&b);
451 			debug("e %lx", e);
452 		}
453 		if (!BN_set_word(key->rsa->e, e)) {
454 			buffer_free(&b);
455 			key_free(key);
456 			return NULL;
457 		}
458 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->d);
459 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->n);
460 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->iqmp);
461 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->q);
462 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->p);
463 		rsa_generate_additional_parameters(key->rsa);
464 		break;
465 	}
466 	rlen = buffer_len(&b);
467 	if (rlen != 0)
468 		error("do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob: "
469 		    "remaining bytes in key blob %d", rlen);
470 	buffer_free(&b);
471 
472 	/* try the key */
473 	key_sign(key, &sig, &slen, data, sizeof(data));
474 	key_verify(key, sig, slen, data, sizeof(data));
475 	xfree(sig);
476 	return key;
477 }
478 
479 static int
480 get_line(FILE *fp, char *line, size_t len)
481 {
482 	int c;
483 	size_t pos = 0;
484 
485 	line[0] = '\0';
486 	while ((c = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {
487 		if (pos >= len - 1) {
488 			fprintf(stderr, "input line too long.\n");
489 			exit(1);
490 		}
491 		switch (c) {
492 		case '\r':
493 			c = fgetc(fp);
494 			if (c != EOF && c != '\n' && ungetc(c, fp) == EOF) {
495 				fprintf(stderr, "unget: %s\n", strerror(errno));
496 				exit(1);
497 			}
498 			return pos;
499 		case '\n':
500 			return pos;
501 		}
502 		line[pos++] = c;
503 		line[pos] = '\0';
504 	}
505 	/* We reached EOF */
506 	return -1;
507 }
508 
509 static void
510 do_convert_from_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, Key **k, int *private)
511 {
512 	int blen;
513 	u_int len;
514 	char line[1024];
515 	u_char blob[8096];
516 	char encoded[8096];
517 	int escaped = 0;
518 	FILE *fp;
519 
520 	if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
521 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
522 	encoded[0] = '\0';
523 	while ((blen = get_line(fp, line, sizeof(line))) != -1) {
524 		if (line[blen - 1] == '\\')
525 			escaped++;
526 		if (strncmp(line, "----", 4) == 0 ||
527 		    strstr(line, ": ") != NULL) {
528 			if (strstr(line, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN) != NULL)
529 				*private = 1;
530 			if (strstr(line, " END ") != NULL) {
531 				break;
532 			}
533 			/* fprintf(stderr, "ignore: %s", line); */
534 			continue;
535 		}
536 		if (escaped) {
537 			escaped--;
538 			/* fprintf(stderr, "escaped: %s", line); */
539 			continue;
540 		}
541 		strlcat(encoded, line, sizeof(encoded));
542 	}
543 	len = strlen(encoded);
544 	if (((len % 4) == 3) &&
545 	    (encoded[len-1] == '=') &&
546 	    (encoded[len-2] == '=') &&
547 	    (encoded[len-3] == '='))
548 		encoded[len-3] = '\0';
549 	blen = uudecode(encoded, blob, sizeof(blob));
550 	if (blen < 0) {
551 		fprintf(stderr, "uudecode failed.\n");
552 		exit(1);
553 	}
554 	*k = *private ?
555 	    do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(blob, blen) :
556 	    key_from_blob(blob, blen);
557 	if (*k == NULL) {
558 		fprintf(stderr, "decode blob failed.\n");
559 		exit(1);
560 	}
561 	fclose(fp);
562 }
563 
564 static void
565 do_convert_from_pkcs8(Key **k, int *private)
566 {
567 	EVP_PKEY *pubkey;
568 	FILE *fp;
569 
570 	if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
571 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
572 	if ((pubkey = PEM_read_PUBKEY(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) == NULL) {
573 		fatal("%s: %s is not a recognised public key format", __func__,
574 		    identity_file);
575 	}
576 	fclose(fp);
577 	switch (EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type)) {
578 	case EVP_PKEY_RSA:
579 		*k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
580 		(*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
581 		(*k)->rsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pubkey);
582 		break;
583 	case EVP_PKEY_DSA:
584 		*k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
585 		(*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
586 		(*k)->dsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_DSA(pubkey);
587 		break;
588 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
589 	case EVP_PKEY_EC:
590 		*k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
591 		(*k)->type = KEY_ECDSA;
592 		(*k)->ecdsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_EC_KEY(pubkey);
593 		(*k)->ecdsa_nid = key_ecdsa_key_to_nid((*k)->ecdsa);
594 		break;
595 #endif
596 	default:
597 		fatal("%s: unsupported pubkey type %d", __func__,
598 		    EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type));
599 	}
600 	EVP_PKEY_free(pubkey);
601 	return;
602 }
603 
604 static void
605 do_convert_from_pem(Key **k, int *private)
606 {
607 	FILE *fp;
608 	RSA *rsa;
609 #ifdef notyet
610 	DSA *dsa;
611 #endif
612 
613 	if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
614 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
615 	if ((rsa = PEM_read_RSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
616 		*k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
617 		(*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
618 		(*k)->rsa = rsa;
619 		fclose(fp);
620 		return;
621 	}
622 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
623 	rewind(fp);
624 	if ((dsa = PEM_read_DSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
625 		*k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
626 		(*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
627 		(*k)->dsa = dsa;
628 		fclose(fp);
629 		return;
630 	}
631 	/* XXX ECDSA */
632 #endif
633 	fatal("%s: unrecognised raw private key format", __func__);
634 }
635 
636 static void
637 do_convert_from(struct passwd *pw)
638 {
639 	Key *k = NULL;
640 	int private = 0, ok = 0;
641 	struct stat st;
642 
643 	if (!have_identity)
644 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
645 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
646 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
647 
648 	switch (convert_format) {
649 	case FMT_RFC4716:
650 		do_convert_from_ssh2(pw, &k, &private);
651 		break;
652 	case FMT_PKCS8:
653 		do_convert_from_pkcs8(&k, &private);
654 		break;
655 	case FMT_PEM:
656 		do_convert_from_pem(&k, &private);
657 		break;
658 	default:
659 		fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
660 	}
661 
662 	if (!private)
663 		ok = key_write(k, stdout);
664 		if (ok)
665 			fprintf(stdout, "\n");
666 	else {
667 		switch (k->type) {
668 		case KEY_DSA:
669 			ok = PEM_write_DSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->dsa, NULL,
670 			    NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
671 			break;
672 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
673 		case KEY_ECDSA:
674 			ok = PEM_write_ECPrivateKey(stdout, k->ecdsa, NULL,
675 			    NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
676 			break;
677 #endif
678 		case KEY_RSA:
679 			ok = PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->rsa, NULL,
680 			    NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
681 			break;
682 		default:
683 			fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__,
684 			    key_type(k));
685 		}
686 	}
687 
688 	if (!ok) {
689 		fprintf(stderr, "key write failed\n");
690 		exit(1);
691 	}
692 	key_free(k);
693 	exit(0);
694 }
695 
696 static void
697 do_print_public(struct passwd *pw)
698 {
699 	Key *prv;
700 	struct stat st;
701 
702 	if (!have_identity)
703 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
704 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
705 		perror(identity_file);
706 		exit(1);
707 	}
708 	prv = load_identity(identity_file);
709 	if (prv == NULL) {
710 		fprintf(stderr, "load failed\n");
711 		exit(1);
712 	}
713 	if (!key_write(prv, stdout))
714 		fprintf(stderr, "key_write failed");
715 	key_free(prv);
716 	fprintf(stdout, "\n");
717 	exit(0);
718 }
719 
720 static void
721 do_download(struct passwd *pw)
722 {
723 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
724 	Key **keys = NULL;
725 	int i, nkeys;
726 
727 	pkcs11_init(0);
728 	nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, NULL, &keys);
729 	if (nkeys <= 0)
730 		fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
731 	for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
732 		key_write(keys[i], stdout);
733 		key_free(keys[i]);
734 		fprintf(stdout, "\n");
735 	}
736 	xfree(keys);
737 	pkcs11_terminate();
738 	exit(0);
739 #else
740 	fatal("no pkcs11 support");
741 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
742 }
743 
744 static void
745 do_fingerprint(struct passwd *pw)
746 {
747 	FILE *f;
748 	Key *public;
749 	char *comment = NULL, *cp, *ep, line[16*1024], *fp, *ra;
750 	int i, skip = 0, num = 0, invalid = 1;
751 	enum fp_rep rep;
752 	enum fp_type fptype;
753 	struct stat st;
754 
755 	fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_SHA1 : SSH_FP_MD5;
756 	rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_HEX;
757 
758 	if (!have_identity)
759 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
760 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
761 		perror(identity_file);
762 		exit(1);
763 	}
764 	public = key_load_public(identity_file, &comment);
765 	if (public != NULL) {
766 		fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
767 		ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
768 		printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp, comment,
769 		    key_type(public));
770 		if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
771 			printf("%s\n", ra);
772 		key_free(public);
773 		xfree(comment);
774 		xfree(ra);
775 		xfree(fp);
776 		exit(0);
777 	}
778 	if (comment) {
779 		xfree(comment);
780 		comment = NULL;
781 	}
782 
783 	if ((f = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
784 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
785 
786 	while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
787 		if ((cp = strchr(line, '\n')) == NULL) {
788 			error("line %d too long: %.40s...",
789 			    num + 1, line);
790 			skip = 1;
791 			continue;
792 		}
793 		num++;
794 		if (skip) {
795 			skip = 0;
796 			continue;
797 		}
798 		*cp = '\0';
799 
800 		/* Skip leading whitespace, empty and comment lines. */
801 		for (cp = line; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
802 			;
803 		if (!*cp || *cp == '\n' || *cp == '#')
804 			continue;
805 		i = strtol(cp, &ep, 10);
806 		if (i == 0 || ep == NULL || (*ep != ' ' && *ep != '\t')) {
807 			int quoted = 0;
808 			comment = cp;
809 			for (; *cp && (quoted || (*cp != ' ' &&
810 			    *cp != '\t')); cp++) {
811 				if (*cp == '\\' && cp[1] == '"')
812 					cp++;	/* Skip both */
813 				else if (*cp == '"')
814 					quoted = !quoted;
815 			}
816 			if (!*cp)
817 				continue;
818 			*cp++ = '\0';
819 		}
820 		ep = cp;
821 		public = key_new(KEY_RSA1);
822 		if (key_read(public, &cp) != 1) {
823 			cp = ep;
824 			key_free(public);
825 			public = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
826 			if (key_read(public, &cp) != 1) {
827 				key_free(public);
828 				continue;
829 			}
830 		}
831 		comment = *cp ? cp : comment;
832 		fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
833 		ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
834 		printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp,
835 		    comment ? comment : "no comment", key_type(public));
836 		if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
837 			printf("%s\n", ra);
838 		xfree(ra);
839 		xfree(fp);
840 		key_free(public);
841 		invalid = 0;
842 	}
843 	fclose(f);
844 
845 	if (invalid) {
846 		printf("%s is not a public key file.\n", identity_file);
847 		exit(1);
848 	}
849 	exit(0);
850 }
851 
852 static void
853 do_gen_all_hostkeys(struct passwd *pw)
854 {
855 	struct {
856 		char *key_type;
857 		char *key_type_display;
858 		char *path;
859 	} key_types[] = {
860 		{ "rsa1", "RSA1", _PATH_HOST_KEY_FILE },
861 		{ "rsa", "RSA" ,_PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE },
862 		{ "dsa", "DSA", _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE },
863 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
864 		{ "ecdsa", "ECDSA",_PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE },
865 #endif
866 		{ NULL, NULL, NULL }
867 	};
868 
869 	int first = 0;
870 	struct stat st;
871 	Key *private, *public;
872 	char comment[1024];
873 	int i, type, fd;
874 	FILE *f;
875 
876 	for (i = 0; key_types[i].key_type; i++) {
877 		if (stat(key_types[i].path, &st) == 0)
878 			continue;
879 		if (errno != ENOENT) {
880 			printf("Could not stat %s: %s", key_types[i].path,
881 			    strerror(errno));
882 			first = 0;
883 			continue;
884 		}
885 
886 		if (first == 0) {
887 			first = 1;
888 			printf("%s: generating new host keys: ", __progname);
889 		}
890 		printf("%s ", key_types[i].key_type_display);
891 		fflush(stdout);
892 		arc4random_stir();
893 		type = key_type_from_name(key_types[i].key_type);
894 		strlcpy(identity_file, key_types[i].path, sizeof(identity_file));
895 		bits = 0;
896 		type_bits_valid(type, &bits);
897 		private = key_generate(type, bits);
898 		if (private == NULL) {
899 			fprintf(stderr, "key_generate failed\n");
900 			first = 0;
901 			continue;
902 		}
903 		public  = key_from_private(private);
904 		snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name,
905 		    hostname);
906 		if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, "", comment)) {
907 			printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
908 			key_free(private);
909 			key_free(public);
910 			first = 0;
911 			continue;
912 		}
913 		key_free(private);
914 		arc4random_stir();
915 		strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
916 		fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
917 		if (fd == -1) {
918 			printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n",
919 			    identity_file);
920 			key_free(public);
921 			first = 0;
922 			continue;
923 		}
924 		f = fdopen(fd, "w");
925 		if (f == NULL) {
926 			printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
927 			key_free(public);
928 			first = 0;
929 			continue;
930 		}
931 		if (!key_write(public, f)) {
932 			fprintf(stderr, "write key failed\n");
933 			key_free(public);
934 			first = 0;
935 			continue;
936 		}
937 		fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
938 		fclose(f);
939 		key_free(public);
940 
941 	}
942 	if (first != 0)
943 		printf("\n");
944 }
945 
946 static void
947 printhost(FILE *f, const char *name, Key *public, int ca, int hash)
948 {
949 	if (print_fingerprint) {
950 		enum fp_rep rep;
951 		enum fp_type fptype;
952 		char *fp, *ra;
953 
954 		fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_SHA1 : SSH_FP_MD5;
955 		rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_HEX;
956 		fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
957 		ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
958 		printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp, name,
959 		    key_type(public));
960 		if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
961 			printf("%s\n", ra);
962 		xfree(ra);
963 		xfree(fp);
964 	} else {
965 		if (hash && (name = host_hash(name, NULL, 0)) == NULL)
966 			fatal("hash_host failed");
967 		fprintf(f, "%s%s%s ", ca ? CA_MARKER : "", ca ? " " : "", name);
968 		if (!key_write(public, f))
969 			fatal("key_write failed");
970 		fprintf(f, "\n");
971 	}
972 }
973 
974 static void
975 do_known_hosts(struct passwd *pw, const char *name)
976 {
977 	FILE *in, *out = stdout;
978 	Key *pub;
979 	char *cp, *cp2, *kp, *kp2;
980 	char line[16*1024], tmp[MAXPATHLEN], old[MAXPATHLEN];
981 	int c, skip = 0, inplace = 0, num = 0, invalid = 0, has_unhashed = 0;
982 	int ca;
983 
984 	if (!have_identity) {
985 		cp = tilde_expand_filename(_PATH_SSH_USER_HOSTFILE, pw->pw_uid);
986 		if (strlcpy(identity_file, cp, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
987 		    sizeof(identity_file))
988 			fatal("Specified known hosts path too long");
989 		xfree(cp);
990 		have_identity = 1;
991 	}
992 	if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
993 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
994 
995 	/*
996 	 * Find hosts goes to stdout, hash and deletions happen in-place
997 	 * A corner case is ssh-keygen -HF foo, which should go to stdout
998 	 */
999 	if (!find_host && (hash_hosts || delete_host)) {
1000 		if (strlcpy(tmp, identity_file, sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
1001 		    strlcat(tmp, ".XXXXXXXXXX", sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
1002 		    strlcpy(old, identity_file, sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old) ||
1003 		    strlcat(old, ".old", sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old))
1004 			fatal("known_hosts path too long");
1005 		umask(077);
1006 		if ((c = mkstemp(tmp)) == -1)
1007 			fatal("mkstemp: %s", strerror(errno));
1008 		if ((out = fdopen(c, "w")) == NULL) {
1009 			c = errno;
1010 			unlink(tmp);
1011 			fatal("fdopen: %s", strerror(c));
1012 		}
1013 		inplace = 1;
1014 	}
1015 
1016 	while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), in)) {
1017 		if ((cp = strchr(line, '\n')) == NULL) {
1018 			error("line %d too long: %.40s...", num + 1, line);
1019 			skip = 1;
1020 			invalid = 1;
1021 			continue;
1022 		}
1023 		num++;
1024 		if (skip) {
1025 			skip = 0;
1026 			continue;
1027 		}
1028 		*cp = '\0';
1029 
1030 		/* Skip leading whitespace, empty and comment lines. */
1031 		for (cp = line; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
1032 			;
1033 		if (!*cp || *cp == '\n' || *cp == '#') {
1034 			if (inplace)
1035 				fprintf(out, "%s\n", cp);
1036 			continue;
1037 		}
1038 		/* Check whether this is a CA key */
1039 		if (strncasecmp(cp, CA_MARKER, sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1) == 0 &&
1040 		    (cp[sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1] == ' ' ||
1041 		    cp[sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1] == '\t')) {
1042 			ca = 1;
1043 			cp += sizeof(CA_MARKER);
1044 		} else
1045 			ca = 0;
1046 
1047 		/* Find the end of the host name portion. */
1048 		for (kp = cp; *kp && *kp != ' ' && *kp != '\t'; kp++)
1049 			;
1050 
1051 		if (*kp == '\0' || *(kp + 1) == '\0') {
1052 			error("line %d missing key: %.40s...",
1053 			    num, line);
1054 			invalid = 1;
1055 			continue;
1056 		}
1057 		*kp++ = '\0';
1058 		kp2 = kp;
1059 
1060 		pub = key_new(KEY_RSA1);
1061 		if (key_read(pub, &kp) != 1) {
1062 			kp = kp2;
1063 			key_free(pub);
1064 			pub = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
1065 			if (key_read(pub, &kp) != 1) {
1066 				error("line %d invalid key: %.40s...",
1067 				    num, line);
1068 				key_free(pub);
1069 				invalid = 1;
1070 				continue;
1071 			}
1072 		}
1073 
1074 		if (*cp == HASH_DELIM) {
1075 			if (find_host || delete_host) {
1076 				cp2 = host_hash(name, cp, strlen(cp));
1077 				if (cp2 == NULL) {
1078 					error("line %d: invalid hashed "
1079 					    "name: %.64s...", num, line);
1080 					invalid = 1;
1081 					continue;
1082 				}
1083 				c = (strcmp(cp2, cp) == 0);
1084 				if (find_host && c) {
1085 					printf("# Host %s found: "
1086 					    "line %d type %s%s\n", name,
1087 					    num, key_type(pub),
1088 					    ca ? " (CA key)" : "");
1089 					printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
1090 				}
1091 				if (delete_host && !c && !ca)
1092 					printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
1093 			} else if (hash_hosts)
1094 				printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
1095 		} else {
1096 			if (find_host || delete_host) {
1097 				c = (match_hostname(name, cp,
1098 				    strlen(cp)) == 1);
1099 				if (find_host && c) {
1100 					printf("# Host %s found: "
1101 					    "line %d type %s%s\n", name,
1102 					    num, key_type(pub),
1103 					    ca ? " (CA key)" : "");
1104 					printhost(out, name, pub,
1105 					    ca, hash_hosts && !ca);
1106 				}
1107 				if (delete_host && !c && !ca)
1108 					printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
1109 			} else if (hash_hosts) {
1110 				for (cp2 = strsep(&cp, ",");
1111 				    cp2 != NULL && *cp2 != '\0';
1112 				    cp2 = strsep(&cp, ",")) {
1113 					if (ca) {
1114 						fprintf(stderr, "Warning: "
1115 						    "ignoring CA key for host: "
1116 						    "%.64s\n", cp2);
1117 						printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 0);
1118 					} else if (strcspn(cp2, "*?!") !=
1119 					    strlen(cp2)) {
1120 						fprintf(stderr, "Warning: "
1121 						    "ignoring host name with "
1122 						    "metacharacters: %.64s\n",
1123 						    cp2);
1124 						printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 0);
1125 					} else
1126 						printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 1);
1127 				}
1128 				has_unhashed = 1;
1129 			}
1130 		}
1131 		key_free(pub);
1132 	}
1133 	fclose(in);
1134 
1135 	if (invalid) {
1136 		fprintf(stderr, "%s is not a valid known_hosts file.\n",
1137 		    identity_file);
1138 		if (inplace) {
1139 			fprintf(stderr, "Not replacing existing known_hosts "
1140 			    "file because of errors\n");
1141 			fclose(out);
1142 			unlink(tmp);
1143 		}
1144 		exit(1);
1145 	}
1146 
1147 	if (inplace) {
1148 		fclose(out);
1149 
1150 		/* Backup existing file */
1151 		if (unlink(old) == -1 && errno != ENOENT)
1152 			fatal("unlink %.100s: %s", old, strerror(errno));
1153 		if (link(identity_file, old) == -1)
1154 			fatal("link %.100s to %.100s: %s", identity_file, old,
1155 			    strerror(errno));
1156 		/* Move new one into place */
1157 		if (rename(tmp, identity_file) == -1) {
1158 			error("rename\"%s\" to \"%s\": %s", tmp, identity_file,
1159 			    strerror(errno));
1160 			unlink(tmp);
1161 			unlink(old);
1162 			exit(1);
1163 		}
1164 
1165 		fprintf(stderr, "%s updated.\n", identity_file);
1166 		fprintf(stderr, "Original contents retained as %s\n", old);
1167 		if (has_unhashed) {
1168 			fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: %s contains unhashed "
1169 			    "entries\n", old);
1170 			fprintf(stderr, "Delete this file to ensure privacy "
1171 			    "of hostnames\n");
1172 		}
1173 	}
1174 
1175 	exit(0);
1176 }
1177 
1178 /*
1179  * Perform changing a passphrase.  The argument is the passwd structure
1180  * for the current user.
1181  */
1182 static void
1183 do_change_passphrase(struct passwd *pw)
1184 {
1185 	char *comment;
1186 	char *old_passphrase, *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
1187 	struct stat st;
1188 	Key *private;
1189 
1190 	if (!have_identity)
1191 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1192 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
1193 		perror(identity_file);
1194 		exit(1);
1195 	}
1196 	/* Try to load the file with empty passphrase. */
1197 	private = key_load_private(identity_file, "", &comment);
1198 	if (private == NULL) {
1199 		if (identity_passphrase)
1200 			old_passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1201 		else
1202 			old_passphrase =
1203 			    read_passphrase("Enter old passphrase: ",
1204 			    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1205 		private = key_load_private(identity_file, old_passphrase,
1206 		    &comment);
1207 		memset(old_passphrase, 0, strlen(old_passphrase));
1208 		xfree(old_passphrase);
1209 		if (private == NULL) {
1210 			printf("Bad passphrase.\n");
1211 			exit(1);
1212 		}
1213 	}
1214 	printf("Key has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1215 
1216 	/* Ask the new passphrase (twice). */
1217 	if (identity_new_passphrase) {
1218 		passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1219 		passphrase2 = NULL;
1220 	} else {
1221 		passphrase1 =
1222 			read_passphrase("Enter new passphrase (empty for no "
1223 			    "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1224 		passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
1225 		    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1226 
1227 		/* Verify that they are the same. */
1228 		if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
1229 			memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
1230 			memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
1231 			xfree(passphrase1);
1232 			xfree(passphrase2);
1233 			printf("Pass phrases do not match.  Try again.\n");
1234 			exit(1);
1235 		}
1236 		/* Destroy the other copy. */
1237 		memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
1238 		xfree(passphrase2);
1239 	}
1240 
1241 	/* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1242 	if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1, comment)) {
1243 		printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
1244 		memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
1245 		xfree(passphrase1);
1246 		key_free(private);
1247 		xfree(comment);
1248 		exit(1);
1249 	}
1250 	/* Destroy the passphrase and the copy of the key in memory. */
1251 	memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
1252 	xfree(passphrase1);
1253 	key_free(private);		 /* Destroys contents */
1254 	xfree(comment);
1255 
1256 	printf("Your identification has been saved with the new passphrase.\n");
1257 	exit(0);
1258 }
1259 
1260 /*
1261  * Print the SSHFP RR.
1262  */
1263 static int
1264 do_print_resource_record(struct passwd *pw, char *fname, char *hname)
1265 {
1266 	Key *public;
1267 	char *comment = NULL;
1268 	struct stat st;
1269 
1270 	if (fname == NULL)
1271 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1272 	if (stat(fname, &st) < 0) {
1273 		if (errno == ENOENT)
1274 			return 0;
1275 		perror(fname);
1276 		exit(1);
1277 	}
1278 	public = key_load_public(fname, &comment);
1279 	if (public != NULL) {
1280 		export_dns_rr(hname, public, stdout, print_generic);
1281 		key_free(public);
1282 		xfree(comment);
1283 		return 1;
1284 	}
1285 	if (comment)
1286 		xfree(comment);
1287 
1288 	printf("failed to read v2 public key from %s.\n", fname);
1289 	exit(1);
1290 }
1291 
1292 /*
1293  * Change the comment of a private key file.
1294  */
1295 static void
1296 do_change_comment(struct passwd *pw)
1297 {
1298 	char new_comment[1024], *comment, *passphrase;
1299 	Key *private;
1300 	Key *public;
1301 	struct stat st;
1302 	FILE *f;
1303 	int fd;
1304 
1305 	if (!have_identity)
1306 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1307 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
1308 		perror(identity_file);
1309 		exit(1);
1310 	}
1311 	private = key_load_private(identity_file, "", &comment);
1312 	if (private == NULL) {
1313 		if (identity_passphrase)
1314 			passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1315 		else if (identity_new_passphrase)
1316 			passphrase = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1317 		else
1318 			passphrase = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
1319 			    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1320 		/* Try to load using the passphrase. */
1321 		private = key_load_private(identity_file, passphrase, &comment);
1322 		if (private == NULL) {
1323 			memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1324 			xfree(passphrase);
1325 			printf("Bad passphrase.\n");
1326 			exit(1);
1327 		}
1328 	} else {
1329 		passphrase = xstrdup("");
1330 	}
1331 	if (private->type != KEY_RSA1) {
1332 		fprintf(stderr, "Comments are only supported for RSA1 keys.\n");
1333 		key_free(private);
1334 		exit(1);
1335 	}
1336 	printf("Key now has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1337 
1338 	if (identity_comment) {
1339 		strlcpy(new_comment, identity_comment, sizeof(new_comment));
1340 	} else {
1341 		printf("Enter new comment: ");
1342 		fflush(stdout);
1343 		if (!fgets(new_comment, sizeof(new_comment), stdin)) {
1344 			memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1345 			key_free(private);
1346 			exit(1);
1347 		}
1348 		new_comment[strcspn(new_comment, "\n")] = '\0';
1349 	}
1350 
1351 	/* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1352 	if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase, new_comment)) {
1353 		printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
1354 		memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1355 		xfree(passphrase);
1356 		key_free(private);
1357 		xfree(comment);
1358 		exit(1);
1359 	}
1360 	memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1361 	xfree(passphrase);
1362 	public = key_from_private(private);
1363 	key_free(private);
1364 
1365 	strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
1366 	fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
1367 	if (fd == -1) {
1368 		printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n", identity_file);
1369 		exit(1);
1370 	}
1371 	f = fdopen(fd, "w");
1372 	if (f == NULL) {
1373 		printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
1374 		exit(1);
1375 	}
1376 	if (!key_write(public, f))
1377 		fprintf(stderr, "write key failed\n");
1378 	key_free(public);
1379 	fprintf(f, " %s\n", new_comment);
1380 	fclose(f);
1381 
1382 	xfree(comment);
1383 
1384 	printf("The comment in your key file has been changed.\n");
1385 	exit(0);
1386 }
1387 
1388 static const char *
1389 fmt_validity(u_int64_t valid_from, u_int64_t valid_to)
1390 {
1391 	char from[32], to[32];
1392 	static char ret[64];
1393 	time_t tt;
1394 	struct tm *tm;
1395 
1396 	*from = *to = '\0';
1397 	if (valid_from == 0 && valid_to == 0xffffffffffffffffULL)
1398 		return "forever";
1399 
1400 	if (valid_from != 0) {
1401 		/* XXX revisit INT_MAX in 2038 :) */
1402 		tt = valid_from > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : valid_from;
1403 		tm = localtime(&tt);
1404 		strftime(from, sizeof(from), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", tm);
1405 	}
1406 	if (valid_to != 0xffffffffffffffffULL) {
1407 		/* XXX revisit INT_MAX in 2038 :) */
1408 		tt = valid_to > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : valid_to;
1409 		tm = localtime(&tt);
1410 		strftime(to, sizeof(to), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", tm);
1411 	}
1412 
1413 	if (valid_from == 0) {
1414 		snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "before %s", to);
1415 		return ret;
1416 	}
1417 	if (valid_to == 0xffffffffffffffffULL) {
1418 		snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "after %s", from);
1419 		return ret;
1420 	}
1421 
1422 	snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "from %s to %s", from, to);
1423 	return ret;
1424 }
1425 
1426 static void
1427 add_flag_option(Buffer *c, const char *name)
1428 {
1429 	debug3("%s: %s", __func__, name);
1430 	buffer_put_cstring(c, name);
1431 	buffer_put_string(c, NULL, 0);
1432 }
1433 
1434 static void
1435 add_string_option(Buffer *c, const char *name, const char *value)
1436 {
1437 	Buffer b;
1438 
1439 	debug3("%s: %s=%s", __func__, name, value);
1440 	buffer_init(&b);
1441 	buffer_put_cstring(&b, value);
1442 
1443 	buffer_put_cstring(c, name);
1444 	buffer_put_string(c, buffer_ptr(&b), buffer_len(&b));
1445 
1446 	buffer_free(&b);
1447 }
1448 
1449 #define OPTIONS_CRITICAL	1
1450 #define OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS	2
1451 static void
1452 prepare_options_buf(Buffer *c, int which)
1453 {
1454 	buffer_clear(c);
1455 	if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1456 	    certflags_command != NULL)
1457 		add_string_option(c, "force-command", certflags_command);
1458 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1459 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_X_FWD) != 0)
1460 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-X11-forwarding");
1461 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1462 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD) != 0)
1463 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-agent-forwarding");
1464 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1465 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PORT_FWD) != 0)
1466 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-port-forwarding");
1467 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1468 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PTY) != 0)
1469 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-pty");
1470 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1471 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_USER_RC) != 0)
1472 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-user-rc");
1473 	if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1474 	    certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1475 		add_string_option(c, "source-address", certflags_src_addr);
1476 }
1477 
1478 static Key *
1479 load_pkcs11_key(char *path)
1480 {
1481 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1482 	Key **keys = NULL, *public, *private = NULL;
1483 	int i, nkeys;
1484 
1485 	if ((public = key_load_public(path, NULL)) == NULL)
1486 		fatal("Couldn't load CA public key \"%s\"", path);
1487 
1488 	nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, identity_passphrase, &keys);
1489 	debug3("%s: %d keys", __func__, nkeys);
1490 	if (nkeys <= 0)
1491 		fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
1492 	for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
1493 		if (key_equal_public(public, keys[i])) {
1494 			private = keys[i];
1495 			continue;
1496 		}
1497 		key_free(keys[i]);
1498 	}
1499 	xfree(keys);
1500 	key_free(public);
1501 	return private;
1502 #else
1503 	fatal("no pkcs11 support");
1504 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
1505 }
1506 
1507 static void
1508 do_ca_sign(struct passwd *pw, int argc, char **argv)
1509 {
1510 	int i, fd;
1511 	u_int n;
1512 	Key *ca, *public;
1513 	char *otmp, *tmp, *cp, *out, *comment, **plist = NULL;
1514 	FILE *f;
1515 	int v00 = 0; /* legacy keys */
1516 
1517 	if (key_type_name != NULL) {
1518 		switch (key_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
1519 		case KEY_RSA_CERT_V00:
1520 		case KEY_DSA_CERT_V00:
1521 			v00 = 1;
1522 			break;
1523 		case KEY_UNSPEC:
1524 			if (strcasecmp(key_type_name, "v00") == 0) {
1525 				v00 = 1;
1526 				break;
1527 			} else if (strcasecmp(key_type_name, "v01") == 0)
1528 				break;
1529 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
1530 		default:
1531 			fprintf(stderr, "unknown key type %s\n", key_type_name);
1532 			exit(1);
1533 		}
1534 	}
1535 
1536 	pkcs11_init(1);
1537 	tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
1538 	if (pkcs11provider != NULL) {
1539 		if ((ca = load_pkcs11_key(tmp)) == NULL)
1540 			fatal("No PKCS#11 key matching %s found", ca_key_path);
1541 	} else if ((ca = load_identity(tmp)) == NULL)
1542 		fatal("Couldn't load CA key \"%s\"", tmp);
1543 	xfree(tmp);
1544 
1545 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1546 		/* Split list of principals */
1547 		n = 0;
1548 		if (cert_principals != NULL) {
1549 			otmp = tmp = xstrdup(cert_principals);
1550 			plist = NULL;
1551 			for (; (cp = strsep(&tmp, ",")) != NULL; n++) {
1552 				plist = xrealloc(plist, n + 1, sizeof(*plist));
1553 				if (*(plist[n] = xstrdup(cp)) == '\0')
1554 					fatal("Empty principal name");
1555 			}
1556 			xfree(otmp);
1557 		}
1558 
1559 		tmp = tilde_expand_filename(argv[i], pw->pw_uid);
1560 		if ((public = key_load_public(tmp, &comment)) == NULL)
1561 			fatal("%s: unable to open \"%s\"", __func__, tmp);
1562 		if (public->type != KEY_RSA && public->type != KEY_DSA &&
1563 		    public->type != KEY_ECDSA)
1564 			fatal("%s: key \"%s\" type %s cannot be certified",
1565 			    __func__, tmp, key_type(public));
1566 
1567 		/* Prepare certificate to sign */
1568 		if (key_to_certified(public, v00) != 0)
1569 			fatal("Could not upgrade key %s to certificate", tmp);
1570 		public->cert->type = cert_key_type;
1571 		public->cert->serial = (u_int64_t)cert_serial;
1572 		public->cert->key_id = xstrdup(cert_key_id);
1573 		public->cert->nprincipals = n;
1574 		public->cert->principals = plist;
1575 		public->cert->valid_after = cert_valid_from;
1576 		public->cert->valid_before = cert_valid_to;
1577 		if (v00) {
1578 			prepare_options_buf(&public->cert->critical,
1579 			    OPTIONS_CRITICAL|OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
1580 		} else {
1581 			prepare_options_buf(&public->cert->critical,
1582 			    OPTIONS_CRITICAL);
1583 			prepare_options_buf(&public->cert->extensions,
1584 			    OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
1585 		}
1586 		public->cert->signature_key = key_from_private(ca);
1587 
1588 		if (key_certify(public, ca) != 0)
1589 			fatal("Couldn't not certify key %s", tmp);
1590 
1591 		if ((cp = strrchr(tmp, '.')) != NULL && strcmp(cp, ".pub") == 0)
1592 			*cp = '\0';
1593 		xasprintf(&out, "%s-cert.pub", tmp);
1594 		xfree(tmp);
1595 
1596 		if ((fd = open(out, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
1597 			fatal("Could not open \"%s\" for writing: %s", out,
1598 			    strerror(errno));
1599 		if ((f = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL)
1600 			fatal("%s: fdopen: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
1601 		if (!key_write(public, f))
1602 			fatal("Could not write certified key to %s", out);
1603 		fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
1604 		fclose(f);
1605 
1606 		if (!quiet) {
1607 			logit("Signed %s key %s: id \"%s\" serial %llu%s%s "
1608 			    "valid %s", key_cert_type(public),
1609 			    out, public->cert->key_id,
1610 			    (unsigned long long)public->cert->serial,
1611 			    cert_principals != NULL ? " for " : "",
1612 			    cert_principals != NULL ? cert_principals : "",
1613 			    fmt_validity(cert_valid_from, cert_valid_to));
1614 		}
1615 
1616 		key_free(public);
1617 		xfree(out);
1618 	}
1619 	pkcs11_terminate();
1620 	exit(0);
1621 }
1622 
1623 static u_int64_t
1624 parse_relative_time(const char *s, time_t now)
1625 {
1626 	int64_t mul, secs;
1627 
1628 	mul = *s == '-' ? -1 : 1;
1629 
1630 	if ((secs = convtime(s + 1)) == -1)
1631 		fatal("Invalid relative certificate time %s", s);
1632 	if (mul == -1 && secs > now)
1633 		fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1634 	return now + (u_int64_t)(secs * mul);
1635 }
1636 
1637 static u_int64_t
1638 parse_absolute_time(const char *s)
1639 {
1640 	struct tm tm;
1641 	time_t tt;
1642 	char buf[32], *fmt;
1643 
1644 	/*
1645 	 * POSIX strptime says "The application shall ensure that there
1646 	 * is white-space or other non-alphanumeric characters between
1647 	 * any two conversion specifications" so arrange things this way.
1648 	 */
1649 	switch (strlen(s)) {
1650 	case 8:
1651 		fmt = "%Y-%m-%d";
1652 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2s", s, s + 4, s + 6);
1653 		break;
1654 	case 14:
1655 		fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S";
1656 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2sT%.2s:%.2s:%.2s",
1657 		    s, s + 4, s + 6, s + 8, s + 10, s + 12);
1658 		break;
1659 	default:
1660 		fatal("Invalid certificate time format %s", s);
1661 	}
1662 
1663 	bzero(&tm, sizeof(tm));
1664 	if (strptime(buf, fmt, &tm) == NULL)
1665 		fatal("Invalid certificate time %s", s);
1666 	if ((tt = mktime(&tm)) < 0)
1667 		fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1668 	return (u_int64_t)tt;
1669 }
1670 
1671 static void
1672 parse_cert_times(char *timespec)
1673 {
1674 	char *from, *to;
1675 	time_t now = time(NULL);
1676 	int64_t secs;
1677 
1678 	/* +timespec relative to now */
1679 	if (*timespec == '+' && strchr(timespec, ':') == NULL) {
1680 		if ((secs = convtime(timespec + 1)) == -1)
1681 			fatal("Invalid relative certificate life %s", timespec);
1682 		cert_valid_to = now + secs;
1683 		/*
1684 		 * Backdate certificate one minute to avoid problems on hosts
1685 		 * with poorly-synchronised clocks.
1686 		 */
1687 		cert_valid_from = ((now - 59)/ 60) * 60;
1688 		return;
1689 	}
1690 
1691 	/*
1692 	 * from:to, where
1693 	 * from := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1694 	 *   to := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1695 	 */
1696 	from = xstrdup(timespec);
1697 	to = strchr(from, ':');
1698 	if (to == NULL || from == to || *(to + 1) == '\0')
1699 		fatal("Invalid certificate life specification %s", timespec);
1700 	*to++ = '\0';
1701 
1702 	if (*from == '-' || *from == '+')
1703 		cert_valid_from = parse_relative_time(from, now);
1704 	else
1705 		cert_valid_from = parse_absolute_time(from);
1706 
1707 	if (*to == '-' || *to == '+')
1708 		cert_valid_to = parse_relative_time(to, cert_valid_from);
1709 	else
1710 		cert_valid_to = parse_absolute_time(to);
1711 
1712 	if (cert_valid_to <= cert_valid_from)
1713 		fatal("Empty certificate validity interval");
1714 	xfree(from);
1715 }
1716 
1717 static void
1718 add_cert_option(char *opt)
1719 {
1720 	char *val;
1721 
1722 	if (strcasecmp(opt, "clear") == 0)
1723 		certflags_flags = 0;
1724 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1725 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1726 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1727 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1728 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1729 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1730 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1731 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1732 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-port-forwarding") == 0)
1733 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1734 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0)
1735 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1736 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-pty") == 0)
1737 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PTY;
1738 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-pty") == 0)
1739 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PTY;
1740 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-user-rc") == 0)
1741 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1742 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-user-rc") == 0)
1743 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1744 	else if (strncasecmp(opt, "force-command=", 14) == 0) {
1745 		val = opt + 14;
1746 		if (*val == '\0')
1747 			fatal("Empty force-command option");
1748 		if (certflags_command != NULL)
1749 			fatal("force-command already specified");
1750 		certflags_command = xstrdup(val);
1751 	} else if (strncasecmp(opt, "source-address=", 15) == 0) {
1752 		val = opt + 15;
1753 		if (*val == '\0')
1754 			fatal("Empty source-address option");
1755 		if (certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1756 			fatal("source-address already specified");
1757 		if (addr_match_cidr_list(NULL, val) != 0)
1758 			fatal("Invalid source-address list");
1759 		certflags_src_addr = xstrdup(val);
1760 	} else
1761 		fatal("Unsupported certificate option \"%s\"", opt);
1762 }
1763 
1764 static void
1765 show_options(const Buffer *optbuf, int v00, int in_critical)
1766 {
1767 	u_char *name, *data;
1768 	u_int dlen;
1769 	Buffer options, option;
1770 
1771 	buffer_init(&options);
1772 	buffer_append(&options, buffer_ptr(optbuf), buffer_len(optbuf));
1773 
1774 	buffer_init(&option);
1775 	while (buffer_len(&options) != 0) {
1776 		name = buffer_get_string(&options, NULL);
1777 		data = buffer_get_string_ptr(&options, &dlen);
1778 		buffer_append(&option, data, dlen);
1779 		printf("                %s", name);
1780 		if ((v00 || !in_critical) &&
1781 		    (strcmp(name, "permit-X11-forwarding") == 0 ||
1782 		    strcmp(name, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0 ||
1783 		    strcmp(name, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0 ||
1784 		    strcmp(name, "permit-pty") == 0 ||
1785 		    strcmp(name, "permit-user-rc") == 0))
1786 			printf("\n");
1787 		else if ((v00 || in_critical) &&
1788 		    (strcmp(name, "force-command") == 0 ||
1789 		    strcmp(name, "source-address") == 0)) {
1790 			data = buffer_get_string(&option, NULL);
1791 			printf(" %s\n", data);
1792 			xfree(data);
1793 		} else {
1794 			printf(" UNKNOWN OPTION (len %u)\n",
1795 			    buffer_len(&option));
1796 			buffer_clear(&option);
1797 		}
1798 		xfree(name);
1799 		if (buffer_len(&option) != 0)
1800 			fatal("Option corrupt: extra data at end");
1801 	}
1802 	buffer_free(&option);
1803 	buffer_free(&options);
1804 }
1805 
1806 static void
1807 do_show_cert(struct passwd *pw)
1808 {
1809 	Key *key;
1810 	struct stat st;
1811 	char *key_fp, *ca_fp;
1812 	u_int i, v00;
1813 
1814 	if (!have_identity)
1815 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1816 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
1817 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
1818 	if ((key = key_load_public(identity_file, NULL)) == NULL)
1819 		fatal("%s is not a public key", identity_file);
1820 	if (!key_is_cert(key))
1821 		fatal("%s is not a certificate", identity_file);
1822 	v00 = key->type == KEY_RSA_CERT_V00 || key->type == KEY_DSA_CERT_V00;
1823 
1824 	key_fp = key_fingerprint(key, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
1825 	ca_fp = key_fingerprint(key->cert->signature_key,
1826 	    SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
1827 
1828 	printf("%s:\n", identity_file);
1829 	printf("        Type: %s %s certificate\n", key_ssh_name(key),
1830 	    key_cert_type(key));
1831 	printf("        Public key: %s %s\n", key_type(key), key_fp);
1832 	printf("        Signing CA: %s %s\n",
1833 	    key_type(key->cert->signature_key), ca_fp);
1834 	printf("        Key ID: \"%s\"\n", key->cert->key_id);
1835 	if (!v00) {
1836 		printf("        Serial: %llu\n",
1837 		    (unsigned long long)key->cert->serial);
1838 	}
1839 	printf("        Valid: %s\n",
1840 	    fmt_validity(key->cert->valid_after, key->cert->valid_before));
1841 	printf("        Principals: ");
1842 	if (key->cert->nprincipals == 0)
1843 		printf("(none)\n");
1844 	else {
1845 		for (i = 0; i < key->cert->nprincipals; i++)
1846 			printf("\n                %s",
1847 			    key->cert->principals[i]);
1848 		printf("\n");
1849 	}
1850 	printf("        Critical Options: ");
1851 	if (buffer_len(&key->cert->critical) == 0)
1852 		printf("(none)\n");
1853 	else {
1854 		printf("\n");
1855 		show_options(&key->cert->critical, v00, 1);
1856 	}
1857 	if (!v00) {
1858 		printf("        Extensions: ");
1859 		if (buffer_len(&key->cert->extensions) == 0)
1860 			printf("(none)\n");
1861 		else {
1862 			printf("\n");
1863 			show_options(&key->cert->extensions, v00, 0);
1864 		}
1865 	}
1866 	exit(0);
1867 }
1868 
1869 static void
1870 usage(void)
1871 {
1872 	fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s [options]\n", __progname);
1873 	fprintf(stderr, "Options:\n");
1874 	fprintf(stderr, "  -A          Generate non-existent host keys for all key types.\n");
1875 	fprintf(stderr, "  -a trials   Number of trials for screening DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1876 	fprintf(stderr, "  -B          Show bubblebabble digest of key file.\n");
1877 	fprintf(stderr, "  -b bits     Number of bits in the key to create.\n");
1878 	fprintf(stderr, "  -C comment  Provide new comment.\n");
1879 	fprintf(stderr, "  -c          Change comment in private and public key files.\n");
1880 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1881 	fprintf(stderr, "  -D pkcs11   Download public key from pkcs11 token.\n");
1882 #endif
1883 	fprintf(stderr, "  -e          Export OpenSSH to foreign format key file.\n");
1884 	fprintf(stderr, "  -F hostname Find hostname in known hosts file.\n");
1885 	fprintf(stderr, "  -f filename Filename of the key file.\n");
1886 	fprintf(stderr, "  -G file     Generate candidates for DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1887 	fprintf(stderr, "  -g          Use generic DNS resource record format.\n");
1888 	fprintf(stderr, "  -H          Hash names in known_hosts file.\n");
1889 	fprintf(stderr, "  -h          Generate host certificate instead of a user certificate.\n");
1890 	fprintf(stderr, "  -I key_id   Key identifier to include in certificate.\n");
1891 	fprintf(stderr, "  -i          Import foreign format to OpenSSH key file.\n");
1892 	fprintf(stderr, "  -J number   Screen this number of moduli lines.\n");
1893 	fprintf(stderr, "  -j number   Start screening moduli at specified line.\n");
1894 	fprintf(stderr, "  -K checkpt  Write checkpoints to this file.\n");
1895 	fprintf(stderr, "  -L          Print the contents of a certificate.\n");
1896 	fprintf(stderr, "  -l          Show fingerprint of key file.\n");
1897 	fprintf(stderr, "  -M memory   Amount of memory (MB) to use for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1898 	fprintf(stderr, "  -m key_fmt  Conversion format for -e/-i (PEM|PKCS8|RFC4716).\n");
1899 	fprintf(stderr, "  -N phrase   Provide new passphrase.\n");
1900 	fprintf(stderr, "  -n name,... User/host principal names to include in certificate\n");
1901 	fprintf(stderr, "  -O option   Specify a certificate option.\n");
1902 	fprintf(stderr, "  -P phrase   Provide old passphrase.\n");
1903 	fprintf(stderr, "  -p          Change passphrase of private key file.\n");
1904 	fprintf(stderr, "  -q          Quiet.\n");
1905 	fprintf(stderr, "  -R hostname Remove host from known_hosts file.\n");
1906 	fprintf(stderr, "  -r hostname Print DNS resource record.\n");
1907 	fprintf(stderr, "  -S start    Start point (hex) for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1908 	fprintf(stderr, "  -s ca_key   Certify keys with CA key.\n");
1909 	fprintf(stderr, "  -T file     Screen candidates for DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1910 	fprintf(stderr, "  -t type     Specify type of key to create.\n");
1911 	fprintf(stderr, "  -V from:to  Specify certificate validity interval.\n");
1912 	fprintf(stderr, "  -v          Verbose.\n");
1913 	fprintf(stderr, "  -W gen      Generator to use for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1914 	fprintf(stderr, "  -y          Read private key file and print public key.\n");
1915 	fprintf(stderr, "  -z serial   Specify a serial number.\n");
1916 
1917 	exit(1);
1918 }
1919 
1920 /*
1921  * Main program for key management.
1922  */
1923 int
1924 main(int argc, char **argv)
1925 {
1926 	char dotsshdir[MAXPATHLEN], comment[1024], *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
1927 	char *checkpoint = NULL;
1928 	char out_file[MAXPATHLEN], *rr_hostname = NULL;
1929 	Key *private, *public;
1930 	struct passwd *pw;
1931 	struct stat st;
1932 	int opt, type, fd;
1933 	u_int32_t memory = 0, generator_wanted = 0, trials = 100;
1934 	int do_gen_candidates = 0, do_screen_candidates = 0;
1935 	int gen_all_hostkeys = 0;
1936 	unsigned long start_lineno = 0, lines_to_process = 0;
1937 	BIGNUM *start = NULL;
1938 	FILE *f;
1939 	const char *errstr;
1940 
1941 	extern int optind;
1942 	extern char *optarg;
1943 
1944 	/* Ensure that fds 0, 1 and 2 are open or directed to /dev/null */
1945 	sanitise_stdfd();
1946 
1947 	__progname = ssh_get_progname(argv[0]);
1948 
1949 	OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
1950 	log_init(argv[0], SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
1951 
1952 	seed_rng();
1953 
1954 	/* we need this for the home * directory.  */
1955 	pw = getpwuid(getuid());
1956 	if (!pw) {
1957 		printf("You don't exist, go away!\n");
1958 		exit(1);
1959 	}
1960 	if (gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)) < 0) {
1961 		perror("gethostname");
1962 		exit(1);
1963 	}
1964 
1965 	while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "AegiqpclBHLhvxXyF:b:f:t:D:I:J:j:K:P:"
1966 	    "m:N:n:O:C:r:g:R:T:G:M:S:s:a:V:W:z")) != -1) {
1967 		switch (opt) {
1968 		case 'A':
1969 			gen_all_hostkeys = 1;
1970 			break;
1971 		case 'b':
1972 			bits = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 256, 32768, &errstr);
1973 			if (errstr)
1974 				fatal("Bits has bad value %s (%s)",
1975 					optarg, errstr);
1976 			break;
1977 		case 'F':
1978 			find_host = 1;
1979 			rr_hostname = optarg;
1980 			break;
1981 		case 'H':
1982 			hash_hosts = 1;
1983 			break;
1984 		case 'I':
1985 			cert_key_id = optarg;
1986 			break;
1987 		case 'J':
1988 			lines_to_process = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 10);
1989                         break;
1990 		case 'j':
1991 			start_lineno = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 10);
1992                         break;
1993 		case 'R':
1994 			delete_host = 1;
1995 			rr_hostname = optarg;
1996 			break;
1997 		case 'L':
1998 			show_cert = 1;
1999 			break;
2000 		case 'l':
2001 			print_fingerprint = 1;
2002 			break;
2003 		case 'B':
2004 			print_bubblebabble = 1;
2005 			break;
2006 		case 'm':
2007 			if (strcasecmp(optarg, "RFC4716") == 0 ||
2008 			    strcasecmp(optarg, "ssh2") == 0) {
2009 				convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
2010 				break;
2011 			}
2012 			if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PKCS8") == 0) {
2013 				convert_format = FMT_PKCS8;
2014 				break;
2015 			}
2016 			if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PEM") == 0) {
2017 				convert_format = FMT_PEM;
2018 				break;
2019 			}
2020 			fatal("Unsupported conversion format \"%s\"", optarg);
2021 		case 'n':
2022 			cert_principals = optarg;
2023 			break;
2024 		case 'p':
2025 			change_passphrase = 1;
2026 			break;
2027 		case 'c':
2028 			change_comment = 1;
2029 			break;
2030 		case 'f':
2031 			if (strlcpy(identity_file, optarg, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
2032 			    sizeof(identity_file))
2033 				fatal("Identity filename too long");
2034 			have_identity = 1;
2035 			break;
2036 		case 'g':
2037 			print_generic = 1;
2038 			break;
2039 		case 'P':
2040 			identity_passphrase = optarg;
2041 			break;
2042 		case 'N':
2043 			identity_new_passphrase = optarg;
2044 			break;
2045 		case 'O':
2046 			add_cert_option(optarg);
2047 			break;
2048 		case 'C':
2049 			identity_comment = optarg;
2050 			break;
2051 		case 'q':
2052 			quiet = 1;
2053 			break;
2054 		case 'e':
2055 		case 'x':
2056 			/* export key */
2057 			convert_to = 1;
2058 			break;
2059 		case 'h':
2060 			cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_HOST;
2061 			certflags_flags = 0;
2062 			break;
2063 		case 'i':
2064 		case 'X':
2065 			/* import key */
2066 			convert_from = 1;
2067 			break;
2068 		case 'y':
2069 			print_public = 1;
2070 			break;
2071 		case 's':
2072 			ca_key_path = optarg;
2073 			break;
2074 		case 't':
2075 			key_type_name = optarg;
2076 			break;
2077 		case 'D':
2078 			pkcs11provider = optarg;
2079 			break;
2080 		case 'v':
2081 			if (log_level == SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO)
2082 				log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
2083 			else {
2084 				if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1 &&
2085 				    log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3)
2086 					log_level++;
2087 			}
2088 			break;
2089 		case 'r':
2090 			rr_hostname = optarg;
2091 			break;
2092 		case 'W':
2093 			generator_wanted = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1,
2094 			    UINT_MAX, &errstr);
2095 			if (errstr)
2096 				fatal("Desired generator has bad value: %s (%s)",
2097 					optarg, errstr);
2098 			break;
2099 		case 'a':
2100 			trials = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
2101 			if (errstr)
2102 				fatal("Invalid number of trials: %s (%s)",
2103 					optarg, errstr);
2104 			break;
2105 		case 'M':
2106 			memory = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
2107 			if (errstr)
2108 				fatal("Memory limit is %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
2109 			break;
2110 		case 'G':
2111 			do_gen_candidates = 1;
2112 			if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
2113 			    sizeof(out_file))
2114 				fatal("Output filename too long");
2115 			break;
2116 		case 'T':
2117 			do_screen_candidates = 1;
2118 			if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
2119 			    sizeof(out_file))
2120 				fatal("Output filename too long");
2121 			break;
2122 		case 'K':
2123 			if (strlen(optarg) >= MAXPATHLEN)
2124 				fatal("Checkpoint filename too long");
2125 			checkpoint = xstrdup(optarg);
2126 			break;
2127 		case 'S':
2128 			/* XXX - also compare length against bits */
2129 			if (BN_hex2bn(&start, optarg) == 0)
2130 				fatal("Invalid start point.");
2131 			break;
2132 		case 'V':
2133 			parse_cert_times(optarg);
2134 			break;
2135 		case 'z':
2136 			cert_serial = strtonum(optarg, 0, LLONG_MAX, &errstr);
2137 			if (errstr)
2138 				fatal("Invalid serial number: %s", errstr);
2139 			break;
2140 		case '?':
2141 		default:
2142 			usage();
2143 		}
2144 	}
2145 
2146 	/* reinit */
2147 	log_init(argv[0], log_level, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
2148 
2149 	argv += optind;
2150 	argc -= optind;
2151 
2152 	if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2153 		if (argc < 1) {
2154 			printf("Too few arguments.\n");
2155 			usage();
2156 		}
2157 	} else if (argc > 0) {
2158 		printf("Too many arguments.\n");
2159 		usage();
2160 	}
2161 	if (change_passphrase && change_comment) {
2162 		printf("Can only have one of -p and -c.\n");
2163 		usage();
2164 	}
2165 	if (print_fingerprint && (delete_host || hash_hosts)) {
2166 		printf("Cannot use -l with -D or -R.\n");
2167 		usage();
2168 	}
2169 	if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2170 		if (cert_key_id == NULL)
2171 			fatal("Must specify key id (-I) when certifying");
2172 		do_ca_sign(pw, argc, argv);
2173 	}
2174 	if (show_cert)
2175 		do_show_cert(pw);
2176 	if (delete_host || hash_hosts || find_host)
2177 		do_known_hosts(pw, rr_hostname);
2178 	if (print_fingerprint || print_bubblebabble)
2179 		do_fingerprint(pw);
2180 	if (change_passphrase)
2181 		do_change_passphrase(pw);
2182 	if (change_comment)
2183 		do_change_comment(pw);
2184 	if (convert_to)
2185 		do_convert_to(pw);
2186 	if (convert_from)
2187 		do_convert_from(pw);
2188 	if (print_public)
2189 		do_print_public(pw);
2190 	if (rr_hostname != NULL) {
2191 		unsigned int n = 0;
2192 
2193 		if (have_identity) {
2194 			n = do_print_resource_record(pw,
2195 			    identity_file, rr_hostname);
2196 			if (n == 0) {
2197 				perror(identity_file);
2198 				exit(1);
2199 			}
2200 			exit(0);
2201 		} else {
2202 
2203 			n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2204 			    _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2205 			n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2206 			    _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2207 			n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2208 			    _PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2209 
2210 			if (n == 0)
2211 				fatal("no keys found.");
2212 			exit(0);
2213 		}
2214 	}
2215 	if (pkcs11provider != NULL)
2216 		do_download(pw);
2217 
2218 	if (do_gen_candidates) {
2219 		FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "w");
2220 
2221 		if (out == NULL) {
2222 			error("Couldn't open modulus candidate file \"%s\": %s",
2223 			    out_file, strerror(errno));
2224 			return (1);
2225 		}
2226 		if (bits == 0)
2227 			bits = DEFAULT_BITS;
2228 		if (gen_candidates(out, memory, bits, start) != 0)
2229 			fatal("modulus candidate generation failed");
2230 
2231 		return (0);
2232 	}
2233 
2234 	if (do_screen_candidates) {
2235 		FILE *in;
2236 		FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "w");
2237 
2238 		if (have_identity && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0) {
2239 			if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL) {
2240 				fatal("Couldn't open modulus candidate "
2241 				    "file \"%s\": %s", identity_file,
2242 				    strerror(errno));
2243 			}
2244 		} else
2245 			in = stdin;
2246 
2247 		if (out == NULL) {
2248 			fatal("Couldn't open moduli file \"%s\": %s",
2249 			    out_file, strerror(errno));
2250 		}
2251 		if (prime_test(in, out, trials, generator_wanted, checkpoint,
2252 		    start_lineno, lines_to_process) != 0)
2253 			fatal("modulus screening failed");
2254 		return (0);
2255 	}
2256 
2257 	if (gen_all_hostkeys) {
2258 		do_gen_all_hostkeys(pw);
2259 		return (0);
2260 	}
2261 
2262 	arc4random_stir();
2263 
2264 	if (key_type_name == NULL)
2265 		key_type_name = "rsa";
2266 
2267 	type = key_type_from_name(key_type_name);
2268 	type_bits_valid(type, &bits);
2269 
2270 	if (!quiet)
2271 		printf("Generating public/private %s key pair.\n", key_type_name);
2272 	private = key_generate(type, bits);
2273 	if (private == NULL) {
2274 		fprintf(stderr, "key_generate failed\n");
2275 		exit(1);
2276 	}
2277 	public  = key_from_private(private);
2278 
2279 	if (!have_identity)
2280 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which to save the key");
2281 
2282 	/* Create ~/.ssh directory if it doesn't already exist. */
2283 	snprintf(dotsshdir, sizeof dotsshdir, "%s/%s",
2284 	    pw->pw_dir, _PATH_SSH_USER_DIR);
2285 	if (strstr(identity_file, dotsshdir) != NULL) {
2286 		if (stat(dotsshdir, &st) < 0) {
2287 			if (errno != ENOENT) {
2288 				error("Could not stat %s: %s", dotsshdir,
2289 				    strerror(errno));
2290 			} else if (mkdir(dotsshdir, 0700) < 0) {
2291 				error("Could not create directory '%s': %s",
2292 				    dotsshdir, strerror(errno));
2293 			} else if (!quiet)
2294 				printf("Created directory '%s'.\n", dotsshdir);
2295 		}
2296 	}
2297 	/* If the file already exists, ask the user to confirm. */
2298 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) >= 0) {
2299 		char yesno[3];
2300 		printf("%s already exists.\n", identity_file);
2301 		printf("Overwrite (y/n)? ");
2302 		fflush(stdout);
2303 		if (fgets(yesno, sizeof(yesno), stdin) == NULL)
2304 			exit(1);
2305 		if (yesno[0] != 'y' && yesno[0] != 'Y')
2306 			exit(1);
2307 	}
2308 	/* Ask for a passphrase (twice). */
2309 	if (identity_passphrase)
2310 		passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
2311 	else if (identity_new_passphrase)
2312 		passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
2313 	else {
2314 passphrase_again:
2315 		passphrase1 =
2316 			read_passphrase("Enter passphrase (empty for no "
2317 			    "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2318 		passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
2319 		    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2320 		if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
2321 			/*
2322 			 * The passphrases do not match.  Clear them and
2323 			 * retry.
2324 			 */
2325 			memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
2326 			memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
2327 			xfree(passphrase1);
2328 			xfree(passphrase2);
2329 			printf("Passphrases do not match.  Try again.\n");
2330 			goto passphrase_again;
2331 		}
2332 		/* Clear the other copy of the passphrase. */
2333 		memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
2334 		xfree(passphrase2);
2335 	}
2336 
2337 	if (identity_comment) {
2338 		strlcpy(comment, identity_comment, sizeof(comment));
2339 	} else {
2340 		/* Create default comment field for the passphrase. */
2341 		snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name, hostname);
2342 	}
2343 
2344 	/* Save the key with the given passphrase and comment. */
2345 	if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1, comment)) {
2346 		printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
2347 		memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
2348 		xfree(passphrase1);
2349 		exit(1);
2350 	}
2351 	/* Clear the passphrase. */
2352 	memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
2353 	xfree(passphrase1);
2354 
2355 	/* Clear the private key and the random number generator. */
2356 	key_free(private);
2357 	arc4random_stir();
2358 
2359 	if (!quiet)
2360 		printf("Your identification has been saved in %s.\n", identity_file);
2361 
2362 	strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
2363 	fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
2364 	if (fd == -1) {
2365 		printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n", identity_file);
2366 		exit(1);
2367 	}
2368 	f = fdopen(fd, "w");
2369 	if (f == NULL) {
2370 		printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
2371 		exit(1);
2372 	}
2373 	if (!key_write(public, f))
2374 		fprintf(stderr, "write key failed\n");
2375 	fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
2376 	fclose(f);
2377 
2378 	if (!quiet) {
2379 		char *fp = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
2380 		char *ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5,
2381 		    SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
2382 		printf("Your public key has been saved in %s.\n",
2383 		    identity_file);
2384 		printf("The key fingerprint is:\n");
2385 		printf("%s %s\n", fp, comment);
2386 		printf("The key's randomart image is:\n");
2387 		printf("%s\n", ra);
2388 		xfree(ra);
2389 		xfree(fp);
2390 	}
2391 
2392 	key_free(public);
2393 	exit(0);
2394 }
2395