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Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)stat.2 8.4 (Berkeley) 5/1/95 33.\" $FreeBSD: src/lib/libc/sys/stat.2,v 1.16.2.7 2001/12/14 18:34:01 ru Exp $ 34.\" $DragonFly: src/lib/libc/sys/stat.2,v 1.6 2008/09/28 16:33:35 swildner Exp $ 35.\" 36.Dd August 1, 2009 37.Dt STAT 2 38.Os 39.Sh NAME 40.Nm stat , 41.Nm lstat , 42.Nm fstat , 43.Nm fstatat 44.Nd get file status 45.Sh LIBRARY 46.Lb libc 47.Sh SYNOPSIS 48.In sys/types.h 49.In sys/stat.h 50.Ft int 51.Fn stat "const char *path" "struct stat *sb" 52.Ft int 53.Fn lstat "const char *path" "struct stat *sb" 54.Ft int 55.Fn fstat "int fd" "struct stat *sb" 56.Ft int 57.Fn fstatat "int fd" "const char *path" "struct stat *buf" "int flag" 58.Sh DESCRIPTION 59The 60.Fn stat 61system call obtains information about the file pointed to by 62.Fa path . 63Read, write or execute 64permission of the named file is not required, but all directories 65listed in the path name leading to the file must be searchable. 66.Pp 67.Fn Lstat 68is like 69.Fn stat 70except in the case where the named file is a symbolic link, 71in which case 72.Fn lstat 73returns information about the link, 74while 75.Fn stat 76returns information about the file the link references. 77.Pp 78The 79.Fn fstat 80system call obtains the same information about an open file 81known by the file descriptor 82.Fa fd . 83.Pp 84The 85.Fn fstatat 86system call is equivalent to 87.Fn stat 88and 89.Fn lstat 90except in the case where the 91.Fa path 92specifies a relative path. 93In this case the status is retrieved from a file relative to 94the directory associated with the file descriptor 95.Fa fd 96instead of the current working directory. 97.Pp 98The values for the 99.Fa flag 100are constructed by a bitwise-inclusive OR of flags from the following list, 101defined in 102.In fcntl.h : 103.Bl -tag -width indent 104.It Dv AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW 105If 106.Fa path 107names a symbolic link, the status of the symbolic link is returned. 108.El 109.Pp 110If 111.Fn fstatat 112is passed the special value 113.Dv AT_FDCWD 114in the 115.Fa fd 116parameter, the current working directory is used and the behavior is 117identical to a call to 118.Fn stat 119or 120.Fn lstat 121respectively, depending on whether or not the 122.Dv AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW 123bit is set in 124.Fa flag . 125.Pp 126The 127.Fa sb 128argument is a pointer to a 129.Vt stat 130structure 131as defined by 132.In sys/stat.h 133(shown below) 134and into which information is placed concerning the file. 135.Bd -literal 136struct stat { 137 dev_t st_dev; /* inode's device */ 138 ino_t st_ino; /* inode's number */ 139 mode_t st_mode; /* inode protection mode */ 140 nlink_t st_nlink; /* number of hard links */ 141 uid_t st_uid; /* user ID of the file's owner */ 142 gid_t st_gid; /* group ID of the file's group */ 143 dev_t st_rdev; /* device type */ 144#ifndef _POSIX_SOURCE 145 struct timespec st_atimespec; /* time of last access */ 146 struct timespec st_mtimespec; /* time of last data modification */ 147 struct timespec st_ctimespec; /* time of last file status change */ 148#else 149 time_t st_atime; /* time of last access */ 150 long st_atimensec; /* nsec of last access */ 151 time_t st_mtime; /* time of last data modification */ 152 long st_mtimensec; /* nsec of last data modification */ 153 time_t st_ctime; /* time of last file status change */ 154 long st_ctimensec; /* nsec of last file status change */ 155#endif 156 off_t st_size; /* file size, in bytes */ 157 int64_t st_blocks; /* blocks allocated for file */ 158 u_int32_t st_blksize; /* optimal blocksize for I/O */ 159 u_int32_t st_flags; /* user defined flags for file */ 160 u_int32_t st_gen; /* file generation number */ 161}; 162.Ed 163.Pp 164The time-related fields of 165.Vt struct stat 166are as follows: 167.Bl -tag -width ".Fa st_mtime" 168.It Fa st_atime 169Time when file data last accessed. 170Changed by the 171.Xr execve 2 , 172.Xr mknod 2 , 173.Xr mmap 2 , 174.Xr read 2 175and 176.Xr utimes 2 177system calls. 178.It Fa st_mtime 179Time when file data last modified. 180Changed by the 181.Xr mknod 2 , 182.Xr utimes 2 183and 184.Xr write 2 185system calls. 186.It Fa st_ctime 187Time when file status was last changed (inode data modification). 188Changed by the 189.Xr chmod 2 , 190.Xr chown 2 , 191.Xr link 2 , 192.Xr mknod 2 , 193.Xr rename 2 , 194.Xr unlink 2 , 195.Xr utimes 2 196and 197.Xr write 2 198system calls. 199.El 200.Pp 201If 202.Dv _POSIX_SOURCE 203is not defined, the time-related fields are defined as: 204.Bd -literal 205#ifndef _POSIX_SOURCE 206#define st_atime st_atimespec.tv_sec 207#define st_mtime st_mtimespec.tv_sec 208#define st_ctime st_ctimespec.tv_sec 209#endif 210.Ed 211.Pp 212The size-related fields of the 213.Vt struct stat 214are as follows: 215.Bl -tag -width ".Fa st_blksize" 216.It Fa st_blksize 217The optimal I/O block size for the file. 218.It Fa st_blocks 219The actual number of blocks allocated for the file in 512-byte units. 220As short symbolic links are stored in the inode, this number may 221be zero. 222.El 223.Pp 224The status information word 225.Fa st_mode 226has the following bits: 227.Bd -literal 228#define S_IFMT 0170000 /* type of file */ 229#define S_IFIFO 0010000 /* named pipe (fifo) */ 230#define S_IFCHR 0020000 /* character special */ 231#define S_IFDIR 0040000 /* directory */ 232#define S_IFBLK 0060000 /* block special */ 233#define S_IFREG 0100000 /* regular */ 234#define S_IFLNK 0120000 /* symbolic link */ 235#define S_IFSOCK 0140000 /* socket */ 236#define S_IFWHT 0160000 /* whiteout */ 237#define S_ISUID 0004000 /* set user id on execution */ 238#define S_ISGID 0002000 /* set group id on execution */ 239#define S_ISVTX 0001000 /* save swapped text even after use */ 240#define S_IRUSR 0000400 /* read permission, owner */ 241#define S_IWUSR 0000200 /* write permission, owner */ 242#define S_IXUSR 0000100 /* execute/search permission, owner */ 243.Ed 244.Pp 245For a list of access modes, see 246.In sys/stat.h , 247.Xr access 2 248and 249.Xr chmod 2 . 250.Sh RETURN VALUES 251.Rv -std 252.Sh COMPATIBILITY 253Previous versions of the system used different types for the 254.Fa st_dev , 255.Fa st_uid , 256.Fa st_gid , 257.Fa st_rdev , 258.Fa st_size , 259.Fa st_blksize 260and 261.Fa st_blocks 262fields. 263.Sh ERRORS 264.Fn Stat 265and 266.Fn lstat 267will fail if: 268.Bl -tag -width Er 269.It Bq Er EACCES 270Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix. 271.It Bq Er EIO 272An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system. 273.It Bq Er ELOOP 274Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname. 275.It Bq Er ENAMETOOLONG 276A component of a pathname exceeded 255 characters, 277or an entire path name exceeded 1023 characters. 278.It Bq Er ENOENT 279The named file does not exist. 280.It Bq Er ENOTDIR 281A component of the path prefix is not a directory. 282.It Bq Er EFAULT 283.Fa sb 284or 285.Em name 286points to an invalid address. 287.El 288.Pp 289.Fn Fstat 290will fail if: 291.Bl -tag -width Er 292.It Bq Er EBADF 293.Fa fd 294is not a valid open file descriptor. 295.It Bq Er EFAULT 296.Fa sb 297points to an invalid address. 298.It Bq Er EIO 299An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system. 300.El 301.Sh SEE ALSO 302.Xr access 2 , 303.Xr chmod 2 , 304.Xr chown 2 , 305.Xr statfs 2 , 306.Xr statvfs 2 , 307.Xr utimes 2 , 308.Xr symlink 7 309.Sh STANDARDS 310The 311.Fn stat 312and 313.Fn fstat 314system calls are expected to conform to 315.St -p1003.1-90 . 316.Sh HISTORY 317A 318.Fn stat 319and a 320.Fn fstat 321system call appeared in 322.At v7 . 323A 324.Fn lstat 325system call appeared in 326.Bx 4.2 . 327The 328.Fn fstatat 329system call appeared in 330.Dx 2.3 . 331.Sh BUGS 332Applying 333.Fn fstat 334to a socket (and thus to a pipe) 335returns a zeroed buffer, 336except for the blocksize field, 337and a unique device and inode number. 338