xref: /dragonfly/sbin/dump/main.c (revision d50f9ae3)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993, 1994
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
14  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
15  *    without specific prior written permission.
16  *
17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
18  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
19  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
20  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
21  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
22  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
23  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
24  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
25  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
26  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
27  * SUCH DAMAGE.
28  *
29  * @(#) Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
30  * @(#)main.c	8.6 (Berkeley) 5/1/95
31  * $FreeBSD: src/sbin/dump/main.c,v 1.20.2.9 2003/01/25 18:54:59 dillon Exp $
32  */
33 
34 #include <sys/param.h>
35 #include <sys/stat.h>
36 #include <sys/time.h>
37 #include <vfs/ufs/dinode.h>
38 #include <vfs/ufs/fs.h>
39 
40 #include <protocols/dumprestore.h>
41 
42 #include <ctype.h>
43 #include <err.h>
44 #include <fcntl.h>
45 #include <fstab.h>
46 #include <signal.h>
47 #include <stdio.h>
48 #include <stdlib.h>
49 #include <string.h>
50 #include <unistd.h>
51 
52 #include "dump.h"
53 #include "pathnames.h"
54 
55 int	mapsize;	/* size of the state maps */
56 char	*usedinomap;	/* map of allocated inodes */
57 char	*dumpdirmap;	/* map of directories to be dumped */
58 char	*dumpinomap;	/* map of files to be dumped */
59 
60 #ifndef SBOFF
61 #define SBOFF (SBLOCK * DEV_BSIZE)
62 #endif
63 
64 char	*disk;		/* name of the disk file */
65 const char *tape;	/* name of the tape file */
66 int	level;		/* dump level of this dump */
67 int	uflag;		/* update flag */
68 int	diskfd;		/* disk file descriptor */
69 int	pipeout;	/* true => output to standard output */
70 int	density = 0;	/* density in bytes/0.1" " <- this is for hilit19 */
71 long	tapesize;	/* estimated tape size, blocks */
72 long	tsize;		/* tape size in 0.1" units */
73 int	etapes;		/* estimated number of tapes */
74 int	nonodump;	/* if set, do not honor UF_NODUMP user flags */
75 int	unlimited;	/* if set, write to end of medium */
76 int	cachesize = 0;	/* block cache size (in bytes) */
77 int	notify = 0;	/* notify operator flag */
78 int	blockswritten = 0; /* number of blocks written on current tape */
79 int	tapeno = 0;	/* current tape number */
80 int	ntrec = NTREC;	/* # tape blocks in each tape record */
81 long	blocksperfile;	/* output blocks per file */
82 int	cartridge = 0;	/* Assume non-cartridge tape */
83 int	dokerberos = 0;	/* Use Kerberos authentication */
84 long	dev_bsize = 1;	/* recalculated below */
85 const char *host;	/* remote host (if any) */
86 time_t	tstart_writing;	/* when started writing the first tape block */
87 time_t	tend_writing;	/* after writing the last tape block */
88 int	passno;		/* current dump pass number */
89 struct	fs *sblock;	/* the file system super block */
90 int	dev_bshift;	/* log2(dev_bsize) */
91 int	tp_bshift;	/* log2(TP_BSIZE) */
92 char	sblock_buf[MAXBSIZE];
93 static long	numarg(const char *, long, long);
94 static void	obsolete(int *, char **[]);
95 static void	usage(void);
96 
97 int
98 main(int argc, char **argv)
99 {
100 	struct stat sb;
101 	ufs1_ino_t ino;
102 	int dirty;
103 	struct ufs1_dinode *dp;
104 	struct	fstab *dt;
105 	char *map;
106 	int ch;
107 	int i, anydirskipped, bflag = 0, Tflag = 0, honorlevel = 1;
108 	int just_estimate = 0;
109 	ufs1_ino_t maxino;
110 
111 	spcl.c_date = 0;
112 	time((time_t *)&spcl.c_date);
113 
114 	tsize = 0;	/* Default later, based on 'c' option for cart tapes */
115 	if ((tape = getenv("TAPE")) == NULL)
116 		tape = _PATH_DEFTAPE;
117 	dumpdates = _PATH_DUMPDATES;
118 	if (TP_BSIZE / DEV_BSIZE == 0 || TP_BSIZE % DEV_BSIZE != 0)
119 		quit("TP_BSIZE must be a multiple of DEV_BSIZE\n");
120 	level = '0';
121 
122 	if (argc < 2)
123 		usage();
124 
125 	obsolete(&argc, &argv);
126 #ifdef KERBEROS
127 #define optstring "0123456789aB:b:cd:f:h:kns:ST:uWwD:C:"
128 #else
129 #define optstring "0123456789aB:b:cd:f:h:ns:ST:uWwD:C:"
130 #endif
131 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, optstring)) != -1)
132 #undef optstring
133 		switch (ch) {
134 		/* dump level */
135 		case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
136 		case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
137 			level = ch;
138 			break;
139 
140 		case 'a':		/* `auto-size', Write to EOM. */
141 			unlimited = 1;
142 			break;
143 
144 		case 'B':		/* blocks per output file */
145 			blocksperfile = numarg("number of blocks per file",
146 			    1L, 0L);
147 			break;
148 
149 		case 'b':		/* blocks per tape write */
150 			ntrec = numarg("number of blocks per write",
151 			    1L, 1000L);
152 			break;
153 
154 		case 'c':		/* Tape is cart. not 9-track */
155 			cartridge = 1;
156 			break;
157 
158 		case 'd':		/* density, in bits per inch */
159 			density = numarg("density", 10L, 327670L) / 10;
160 			if (density >= 625 && !bflag)
161 				ntrec = HIGHDENSITYTREC;
162 			break;
163 
164 		case 'f':		/* output file */
165 			tape = optarg;
166 			break;
167 
168 		case 'D':
169 			dumpdates = optarg;
170 			break;
171 
172 		case 'C':
173 			cachesize = numarg("cachesize", 0, 0) * 1024 * 1024;
174 			break;
175 
176 		case 'h':
177 			honorlevel = numarg("honor level", 0L, 10L);
178 			break;
179 
180 #ifdef KERBEROS
181 		case 'k':
182 			dokerberos = 1;
183 			break;
184 #endif
185 
186 		case 'n':		/* notify operators */
187 			notify = 1;
188 			break;
189 
190 		case 's':		/* tape size, feet */
191 			tsize = numarg("tape size", 1L, 0L) * 12 * 10;
192 			break;
193 
194 		case 'S':               /* exit after estimating # of tapes */
195 			just_estimate = 1;
196 			break;
197 
198 		case 'T':		/* time of last dump */
199 			spcl.c_ddate = unctime(optarg);
200 			if (spcl.c_ddate < 0) {
201 				fprintf(stderr, "bad time \"%s\"\n", optarg);
202 				exit(X_STARTUP);
203 			}
204 			Tflag = 1;
205 			lastlevel = '?';
206 			break;
207 
208 		case 'u':		/* update /etc/dumpdates */
209 			uflag = 1;
210 			break;
211 
212 		case 'W':		/* what to do */
213 		case 'w':
214 			lastdump(ch);
215 			exit(X_FINOK);	/* do nothing else */
216 
217 		default:
218 			usage();
219 		}
220 	argc -= optind;
221 	argv += optind;
222 
223 	if (argc < 1) {
224 		fprintf(stderr, "Must specify disk or filesystem\n");
225 		exit(X_STARTUP);
226 	}
227 	disk = *argv++;
228 	argc--;
229 	if (argc >= 1) {
230 		fprintf(stderr, "Unknown arguments to dump:");
231 		while (argc--)
232 			fprintf(stderr, " %s", *argv++);
233 		fprintf(stderr, "\n");
234 		exit(X_STARTUP);
235 	}
236 	if (Tflag && uflag) {
237 	        fprintf(stderr, "You cannot use the T and u flags together.\n");
238 		exit(X_STARTUP);
239 	}
240 	if (strcmp(tape, "-") == 0) {
241 		pipeout++;
242 		tape = "standard output";
243 	}
244 
245 	if (blocksperfile)
246 		blocksperfile = rounddown(blocksperfile, ntrec); /* round down */
247 	else if (!unlimited) {
248 		/*
249 		 * Determine how to default tape size and density
250 		 *
251 		 *         	density				tape size
252 		 * 9-track	1600 bpi (160 bytes/.1")	2300 ft.
253 		 * 9-track	6250 bpi (625 bytes/.1")	2300 ft.
254 		 * cartridge	8000 bpi (100 bytes/.1")	1700 ft.
255 		 *						(450*4 - slop)
256 		 * hilit19 hits again: "
257 		 */
258 		if (density == 0)
259 			density = cartridge ? 100 : 160;
260 		if (tsize == 0)
261 			tsize = cartridge ? 1700L*120L : 2300L*120L;
262 	}
263 
264 	if (strchr(tape, ':')) {
265 		char *ehost;
266 		if ((host = strdup(tape)) == NULL)
267 			err(1, "strdup failed");
268 		ehost = strchr(host, ':');
269 		*ehost++ = '\0';
270 		tape = ehost;
271 #ifdef RDUMP
272 		if (strchr(tape, '\n')) {
273 		    fprintf(stderr, "invalid characters in tape\n");
274 		    exit(X_STARTUP);
275 		}
276 		if (rmthost(host) == 0)
277 			exit(X_STARTUP);
278 #else
279 		fprintf(stderr, "remote dump not enabled\n");
280 		exit(X_STARTUP);
281 #endif
282 	}
283 	setuid(getuid()); /* rmthost() is the only reason to be setuid */
284 
285 	if (signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
286 		signal(SIGHUP, sig);
287 	if (signal(SIGTRAP, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
288 		signal(SIGTRAP, sig);
289 	if (signal(SIGFPE, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
290 		signal(SIGFPE, sig);
291 	if (signal(SIGBUS, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
292 		signal(SIGBUS, sig);
293 	if (signal(SIGSEGV, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
294 		signal(SIGSEGV, sig);
295 	if (signal(SIGTERM, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
296 		signal(SIGTERM, sig);
297 	if (signal(SIGINT, interrupt) == SIG_IGN)
298 		signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
299 
300 	dump_getfstab();		/* /etc/fstab snarfed */
301 	/*
302 	 *	disk can be either the full special file name,
303 	 *	the suffix of the special file name,
304 	 *	the special name missing the leading '/',
305 	 *	the file system name with or without the leading '/'.
306 	 */
307 	dt = fstabsearch(disk);
308 	if (dt != NULL) {
309 		disk = rawname(dt->fs_spec);
310 		strncpy(spcl.c_dev, dt->fs_spec, NAMELEN);
311 		strncpy(spcl.c_filesys, dt->fs_file, NAMELEN);
312 	} else {
313 		strncpy(spcl.c_dev, disk, NAMELEN);
314 		strncpy(spcl.c_filesys, "an unlisted file system", NAMELEN);
315 	}
316 	spcl.c_dev[NAMELEN-1]='\0';
317 	spcl.c_filesys[NAMELEN-1]='\0';
318 	strcpy(spcl.c_label, "none");
319 	gethostname(spcl.c_host, NAMELEN);
320 	spcl.c_level = level - '0';
321 	spcl.c_type = TS_TAPE;
322 	if (!Tflag)
323 	        getdumptime();		/* /etc/dumpdates snarfed */
324 
325 	msg("Date of this level %c dump: %s", level,
326 		spcl.c_date == 0 ? "the epoch\n" : ctime((const time_t *)&spcl.c_date));
327  	msg("Date of last level %c dump: %s", lastlevel,
328 		spcl.c_ddate == 0 ? "the epoch\n" : ctime((const time_t *)&spcl.c_ddate));
329 	msg("Dumping %s ", disk);
330 	if (dt != NULL)
331 		msgtail("(%s) ", dt->fs_file);
332 	if (host)
333 		msgtail("to %s on host %s\n", tape, host);
334 	else
335 		msgtail("to %s\n", tape);
336 
337 	if ((diskfd = open(disk, O_RDONLY)) < 0)
338 		err(X_STARTUP, "Cannot open %s", disk);
339 	if (fstat(diskfd, &sb) != 0)
340 		err(X_STARTUP, "%s: stat", disk);
341 	if (S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode))
342 		errx(X_STARTUP, "%s: unknown file system", disk);
343 	sync();
344 	sblock = (struct fs *)sblock_buf;
345 	bread(SBOFF, (char *) sblock, SBSIZE);
346 	if (sblock->fs_magic != FS_MAGIC)
347 		quit("bad sblock magic number\n");
348 	dev_bsize = sblock->fs_fsize / fsbtodb(sblock, 1);
349 	dev_bshift = ffs(dev_bsize) - 1;
350 	if (dev_bsize != (1 << dev_bshift))
351 		quit("dev_bsize (%ld) is not a power of 2", dev_bsize);
352 	tp_bshift = ffs(TP_BSIZE) - 1;
353 	if (TP_BSIZE != (1 << tp_bshift))
354 		quit("TP_BSIZE (%d) is not a power of 2", TP_BSIZE);
355 #ifdef FS_44INODEFMT
356 	if (sblock->fs_inodefmt >= FS_44INODEFMT)
357 		spcl.c_flags |= DR_NEWINODEFMT;
358 #endif
359 	maxino = sblock->fs_ipg * sblock->fs_ncg;
360 	mapsize = roundup(howmany(maxino, NBBY), TP_BSIZE);
361 	usedinomap = (char *)calloc((unsigned) mapsize, sizeof(char));
362 	dumpdirmap = (char *)calloc((unsigned) mapsize, sizeof(char));
363 	dumpinomap = (char *)calloc((unsigned) mapsize, sizeof(char));
364 	tapesize = 3 * (howmany(mapsize * sizeof(char), TP_BSIZE) + 1);
365 
366 	nonodump = spcl.c_level < honorlevel;
367 
368 	passno = 1;
369 	setproctitle("%s: pass 1: regular files", disk);
370 	msg("mapping (Pass I) [regular files]\n");
371 	anydirskipped = mapfiles(maxino, &tapesize);
372 
373 	passno = 2;
374 	setproctitle("%s: pass 2: directories", disk);
375 	msg("mapping (Pass II) [directories]\n");
376 	while (anydirskipped) {
377 		anydirskipped = mapdirs(maxino, &tapesize);
378 	}
379 
380 	if (pipeout || unlimited) {
381 		tapesize += 10;	/* 10 trailer blocks */
382 		msg("estimated %ld tape blocks.\n", tapesize);
383 	} else {
384 		double fetapes;
385 
386 		if (blocksperfile)
387 			fetapes = (double) tapesize / blocksperfile;
388 		else if (cartridge) {
389 			/* Estimate number of tapes, assuming streaming stops at
390 			   the end of each block written, and not in mid-block.
391 			   Assume no erroneous blocks; this can be compensated
392 			   for with an artificially low tape size. */
393 			fetapes =
394 			(	  (double) tapesize	/* blocks */
395 				* TP_BSIZE	/* bytes/block */
396 				* (1.0/density)	/* 0.1" / byte " */
397 			  +
398 				  (double) tapesize	/* blocks */
399 				* (1.0/ntrec)	/* streaming-stops per block */
400 				* 15.48		/* 0.1" / streaming-stop " */
401 			) * (1.0 / tsize );	/* tape / 0.1" " */
402 		} else {
403 			/* Estimate number of tapes, for old fashioned 9-track
404 			   tape */
405 			int tenthsperirg = (density == 625) ? 3 : 7;
406 			fetapes =
407 			(	  (double) tapesize	/* blocks */
408 				* TP_BSIZE	/* bytes / block */
409 				* (1.0/density)	/* 0.1" / byte " */
410 			  +
411 				  (double) tapesize	/* blocks */
412 				* (1.0/ntrec)	/* IRG's / block */
413 				* tenthsperirg	/* 0.1" / IRG " */
414 			) * (1.0 / tsize );	/* tape / 0.1" " */
415 		}
416 		etapes = fetapes;		/* truncating assignment */
417 		etapes++;
418 		/* count the dumped inodes map on each additional tape */
419 		tapesize += (etapes - 1) *
420 			(howmany(mapsize * sizeof(char), TP_BSIZE) + 1);
421 		tapesize += etapes + 10;	/* headers + 10 trailer blks */
422 		msg("estimated %ld tape blocks on %3.2f tape(s).\n",
423 		    tapesize, fetapes);
424 	}
425 
426         /*
427          * If the user only wants an estimate of the number of
428          * tapes, exit now.
429          */
430         if (just_estimate)
431                 exit(0);
432 
433 	/*
434 	 * Allocate tape buffer.
435 	 */
436 	if (!alloctape())
437 		quit(
438 	"can't allocate tape buffers - try a smaller blocking factor.\n");
439 
440 	startnewtape(1);
441 	time((time_t *)&(tstart_writing));
442 	dumpmap(usedinomap, TS_CLRI, maxino - 1);
443 
444 	passno = 3;
445 	setproctitle("%s: pass 3: directories", disk);
446 	msg("dumping (Pass III) [directories]\n");
447 	dirty = 0;		/* XXX just to get gcc to shut up */
448 	for (map = dumpdirmap, ino = 1; ino < maxino; ino++) {
449 		if (((ino - 1) % NBBY) == 0)	/* map is offset by 1 */
450 			dirty = *map++;
451 		else
452 			dirty >>= 1;
453 		if ((dirty & 1) == 0)
454 			continue;
455 		/*
456 		 * Skip directory inodes deleted and maybe reallocated
457 		 */
458 		dp = getino(ino);
459 		if ((dp->di_mode & IFMT) != IFDIR)
460 			continue;
461 		dumpino(dp, ino);
462 	}
463 
464 	passno = 4;
465 	setproctitle("%s: pass 4: regular files", disk);
466 	msg("dumping (Pass IV) [regular files]\n");
467 	for (map = dumpinomap, ino = 1; ino < maxino; ino++) {
468 		int mode;
469 
470 		if (((ino - 1) % NBBY) == 0)	/* map is offset by 1 */
471 			dirty = *map++;
472 		else
473 			dirty >>= 1;
474 		if ((dirty & 1) == 0)
475 			continue;
476 		/*
477 		 * Skip inodes deleted and reallocated as directories.
478 		 */
479 		dp = getino(ino);
480 		mode = dp->di_mode & IFMT;
481 		if (mode == IFDIR)
482 			continue;
483 		dumpino(dp, ino);
484 	}
485 
486 	time(&tend_writing);
487 	spcl.c_type = TS_END;
488 	for (i = 0; i < ntrec; i++)
489 		writeheader(maxino - 1);
490 	if (pipeout)
491 		msg("DUMP: %ld tape blocks\n", (long)spcl.c_tapea);
492 	else
493 		msg("DUMP: %ld tape blocks on %d volume%s\n",
494 		    (long)spcl.c_tapea, spcl.c_volume,
495 		    (spcl.c_volume == 1) ? "" : "s");
496 
497 	/* report dump performance, avoid division through zero */
498 	if (tend_writing - tstart_writing == 0)
499 		msg("finished in less than a second\n");
500 	else
501 		msg("finished in %ld seconds, throughput %ld KBytes/sec\n",
502 		    (long)(tend_writing - tstart_writing),
503 		    spcl.c_tapea / (tend_writing - tstart_writing));
504 
505 	putdumptime();
506 	trewind();
507 	broadcast("DUMP IS DONE!\a\a\n");
508 	msg("DUMP IS DONE\n");
509 	Exit(X_FINOK);
510 	/* NOTREACHED */
511 }
512 
513 static void
514 usage(void)
515 {
516 	fprintf(stderr,
517 		"usage: dump [-0123456789ac"
518 #ifdef KERBEROS
519 		"k"
520 #endif
521 		"nSu] [-B records] [-b blocksize] [-D dumpdates]\n"
522 		"            [-d density] [-f file ] [-h level] [-s feet]\n"
523 		"            [-T date] [-C cachesizeMB] filesystem\n"
524 		"       dump [-W | -w]\n");
525 	exit(X_STARTUP);
526 }
527 
528 /*
529  * Pick up a numeric argument.  It must be nonnegative and in the given
530  * range (except that a vmax of 0 means unlimited).
531  */
532 static long
533 numarg(const char *meaning, long vmin, long vmax)
534 {
535 	char *p;
536 	long val;
537 
538 	val = strtol(optarg, &p, 10);
539 	if (*p)
540 		errx(1, "illegal %s -- %s", meaning, optarg);
541 	if (val < vmin || (vmax && val > vmax))
542 		errx(1, "%s must be between %ld and %ld", meaning, vmin, vmax);
543 	return (val);
544 }
545 
546 void
547 sig(int signo)
548 {
549 	switch(signo) {
550 	case SIGALRM:
551 	case SIGBUS:
552 	case SIGFPE:
553 	case SIGHUP:
554 	case SIGTERM:
555 	case SIGTRAP:
556 		if (pipeout)
557 			quit("Signal on pipe: cannot recover\n");
558 		msg("Rewriting attempted as response to unknown signal.\n");
559 		fflush(stderr);
560 		fflush(stdout);
561 		close_rewind();
562 		exit(X_REWRITE);
563 		/* NOTREACHED */
564 	case SIGSEGV:
565 		msg("SIGSEGV: ABORTING!\n");
566 		signal(SIGSEGV, SIG_DFL);
567 		kill(0, SIGSEGV);
568 		/* NOTREACHED */
569 	}
570 }
571 
572 char *
573 rawname(char *cp)
574 {
575 	static char rawbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
576 	char *dp;
577 	struct stat sb;
578 
579 	if (stat(cp, &sb) == 0) {
580 		/*
581 		 * If the name already refers to a raw device, return
582 		 * it immediately without tampering.
583 		 */
584 		if ((sb.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFCHR)
585 			return (cp);
586 	}
587 
588 	dp = strrchr(cp, '/');
589 
590 	if (dp == NULL)
591 		return (NULL);
592 	*dp = '\0';
593 	strncpy(rawbuf, cp, MAXPATHLEN - 1);
594 	rawbuf[MAXPATHLEN-1] = '\0';
595 	*dp = '/';
596 	strncat(rawbuf, "/r", MAXPATHLEN - 1 - strlen(rawbuf));
597 	strncat(rawbuf, dp + 1, MAXPATHLEN - 1 - strlen(rawbuf));
598 	return (rawbuf);
599 }
600 
601 /*
602  * obsolete --
603  *	Change set of key letters and ordered arguments into something
604  *	getopt(3) will like.
605  */
606 static void
607 obsolete(int *argcp, char ***argvp)
608 {
609 	int argc, flags;
610 	char *ap, **argv, *flagsp, **nargv, *p;
611 
612 	/* Setup. */
613 	argv = *argvp;
614 	argc = *argcp;
615 
616 	/* Return if no arguments or first argument has leading dash. */
617 	ap = argv[1];
618 	if (argc == 1 || *ap == '-')
619 		return;
620 
621 	/* Allocate space for new arguments. */
622 	if ((*argvp = nargv = malloc((argc + 1) * sizeof(char *))) == NULL ||
623 	    (p = flagsp = malloc(strlen(ap) + 2)) == NULL)
624 		err(1, NULL);
625 
626 	*nargv++ = *argv;
627 	argv += 2;
628 
629 	for (flags = 0; *ap; ++ap) {
630 		switch (*ap) {
631 		case 'B':
632 		case 'b':
633 		case 'd':
634 		case 'f':
635 		case 'D':
636 		case 'C':
637 		case 'h':
638 		case 's':
639 		case 'T':
640 			if (*argv == NULL) {
641 				warnx("option requires an argument -- %c", *ap);
642 				usage();
643 			}
644 			if ((nargv[0] = malloc(strlen(*argv) + 2 + 1)) == NULL)
645 				err(1, NULL);
646 			nargv[0][0] = '-';
647 			nargv[0][1] = *ap;
648 			strcpy(&nargv[0][2], *argv);
649 			++argv;
650 			++nargv;
651 			break;
652 		default:
653 			if (!flags) {
654 				*p++ = '-';
655 				flags = 1;
656 			}
657 			*p++ = *ap;
658 			break;
659 		}
660 	}
661 
662 	/* Terminate flags. */
663 	if (flags) {
664 		*p = '\0';
665 		*nargv++ = flagsp;
666 	}
667 
668 	/* Copy remaining arguments. */
669 	while ((*nargv++ = *argv++));
670 
671 	/* Update argument count. */
672 	*argcp = nargv - *argvp - 1;
673 }
674