xref: /dragonfly/sbin/newfs/mkfs.c (revision 81c11cd3)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1989, 1993
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
14  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
15  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
16  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
17  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19  *    without specific prior written permission.
20  *
21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
32  *
33  * @(#)mkfs.c	8.11 (Berkeley) 5/3/95
34  * $FreeBSD: src/sbin/newfs/mkfs.c,v 1.29.2.6 2001/09/21 19:15:21 dillon Exp $
35  * $DragonFly: src/sbin/newfs/mkfs.c,v 1.14 2007/05/20 19:29:21 dillon Exp $
36  */
37 
38 #include "defs.h"
39 
40 #include <stdlib.h>
41 
42 /*
43  * make file system for cylinder-group style file systems
44  */
45 
46 /*
47  * We limit the size of the inode map to be no more than a
48  * third of the cylinder group space, since we must leave at
49  * least an equal amount of space for the block map.
50  *
51  * N.B.: MAXIPG must be a multiple of INOPB(fs).
52  */
53 #define MAXIPG(fs)	roundup((fs)->fs_bsize * NBBY / 3, INOPB(fs))
54 
55 #define UMASK		0755
56 #define MAXINOPB	(MAXBSIZE / sizeof(struct ufs1_dinode))
57 #define POWEROF2(num)	(((num) & ((num) - 1)) == 0)
58 
59 #ifdef STANDALONE
60 #error "mkfs.c: STANDALONE compilation no longer supported"
61 #endif
62 
63 /*
64  * variables set up by front end.
65  */
66 extern int	mfs;		/* run as the memory based filesystem */
67 extern char	*mfs_mtpt;	/* mount point for mfs          */
68 extern struct stat mfs_mtstat;	/* stat prior to mount          */
69 extern int	Lflag;		/* add a volume label */
70 extern int	Nflag;		/* run mkfs without writing file system */
71 extern int	Oflag;		/* format as an 4.3BSD file system */
72 extern int	Uflag;		/* enable soft updates for file system */
73 extern u_long	fssize;		/* file system size */
74 extern int	ntracks;	/* # tracks/cylinder */
75 extern int	nsectors;	/* # sectors/track */
76 extern int	nphyssectors;	/* # sectors/track including spares */
77 extern int	secpercyl;	/* sectors per cylinder */
78 extern int	sectorsize;	/* bytes/sector */
79 extern int	realsectorsize;	/* bytes/sector in hardware*/
80 extern int	rpm;		/* revolutions/minute of drive */
81 extern int	interleave;	/* hardware sector interleave */
82 extern int	trackskew;	/* sector 0 skew, per track */
83 extern int	fsize;		/* fragment size */
84 extern int	bsize;		/* block size */
85 extern int	cpg;		/* cylinders/cylinder group */
86 extern int	cpgflg;		/* cylinders/cylinder group flag was given */
87 extern int	minfree;	/* free space threshold */
88 extern int	opt;		/* optimization preference (space or time) */
89 extern int	density;	/* number of bytes per inode */
90 extern int	maxcontig;	/* max contiguous blocks to allocate */
91 extern int	rotdelay;	/* rotational delay between blocks */
92 extern int	maxbpg;		/* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */
93 extern int	nrpos;		/* # of distinguished rotational positions */
94 extern int	bbsize;		/* boot block size */
95 extern int	sbsize;		/* superblock size */
96 extern int	avgfilesize;	/* expected average file size */
97 extern int	avgfilesperdir;	/* expected number of files per directory */
98 extern caddr_t	membase;	/* start address of memory based filesystem */
99 extern char *	filename;
100 extern u_char	*volumelabel;	/* volume label for filesystem */
101 extern struct disktab geom;
102 
103 extern void fatal(const char *fmt, ...);
104 
105 union {
106 	struct fs fs;
107 	char pad[SBSIZE];
108 } fsun;
109 #define	sblock	fsun.fs
110 struct	csum *fscs;
111 
112 union {
113 	struct cg cg;
114 	char pad[MAXBSIZE];
115 } cgun;
116 #define	acg	cgun.cg
117 
118 struct ufs1_dinode zino[MAXBSIZE / sizeof(struct ufs1_dinode)];
119 
120 int	fsi, fso;
121 static fsnode_t copyroot;
122 static fsnode_t copyhlinks;
123 #ifdef FSIRAND
124 int     randinit;
125 #endif
126 daddr_t	alloc(int, int);
127 long	calcipg(long, long, off_t *);
128 static int charsperline(void);
129 void clrblock(struct fs *, unsigned char *, int);
130 void fsinit(time_t);
131 void initcg(int, time_t);
132 int isblock(struct fs *, unsigned char *, int);
133 void iput(struct ufs1_dinode *, ino_t);
134 int makedir(struct direct *, int);
135 void parentready(int);
136 void rdfs(daddr_t, int, char *);
137 void setblock(struct fs *, unsigned char *, int);
138 void started(int);
139 void wtfs(daddr_t, int, char *);
140 void wtfsflush(void);
141 
142 int mfs_ppid = 0;
143 int parentready_signalled;
144 
145 void
146 mkfs(char *fsys, int fi, int fo, const char *mfscopy)
147 {
148 	long i, mincpc, mincpg, inospercg;
149 	long cylno, rpos, blk, j, emitwarn = 0;
150 	long used, mincpgcnt, bpcg;
151 	off_t usedb;
152 	long mapcramped, inodecramped;
153 	long postblsize, rotblsize, totalsbsize;
154 	int status, fd;
155 	time_t utime;
156 	quad_t sizepb;
157 	int width;
158 	char tmpbuf[100];	/* XXX this will break in about 2,500 years */
159 
160 	time(&utime);
161 #ifdef FSIRAND
162 	if (!randinit) {
163 		randinit = 1;
164 		srandomdev();
165 	}
166 #endif
167 	if (mfs) {
168 		int omask;
169 		pid_t child;
170 
171 		mfs_ppid = getpid();
172 		signal(SIGUSR1, parentready);
173 		if ((child = fork()) != 0) {
174 			/*
175 			 * Parent
176 			 */
177 			if (child == -1)
178 				err(10, "mfs");
179 			if (mfscopy)
180 			    copyroot = FSCopy(&copyhlinks, mfscopy);
181 			signal(SIGUSR1, started);
182 			kill(child, SIGUSR1);
183 			while (waitpid(child, &status, 0) != child)
184 				;
185 			exit(WEXITSTATUS(status));
186 			/* NOTREACHED */
187 		}
188 
189 		/*
190 		 * Child
191 		 */
192 		omask = sigblock(sigmask(SIGUSR1));
193 		while (parentready_signalled == 0)
194 			sigpause(omask);
195 		sigsetmask(omask);
196 		if (filename != NULL) {
197 			unsigned char buf[BUFSIZ];
198 			unsigned long l, l1;
199 			ssize_t w;
200 
201 			fd = open(filename, O_RDWR|O_TRUNC|O_CREAT, 0644);
202 			if(fd < 0)
203 				err(12, "%s", filename);
204 			l1 = fssize * sectorsize;
205 			if (l1 > BUFSIZ)
206 				l1 = BUFSIZ;
207 			for (l = 0; l < fssize * (u_long)sectorsize; l += l1) {
208 				w = write(fd, buf, l1);
209 				if (w < 0 || (u_long)w != l1)
210 					err(12, "%s", filename);
211 			}
212 			membase = mmap(NULL, fssize * sectorsize,
213 				       PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
214 				       MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
215 			if (membase == MAP_FAILED)
216 				err(12, "mmap");
217 			close(fd);
218 		} else {
219 			membase = mmap(NULL, fssize * sectorsize,
220 				       PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
221 				       MAP_SHARED|MAP_ANON, -1, 0);
222 			if (membase == MAP_FAILED)
223 				errx(13, "mmap (anonymous memory) failed");
224 		}
225 	}
226 	fsi = fi;
227 	fso = fo;
228 	if (Oflag) {
229 		sblock.fs_inodefmt = FS_42INODEFMT;
230 		sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = 0;
231 	} else {
232 		sblock.fs_inodefmt = FS_44INODEFMT;
233 		sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = MAXSYMLINKLEN;
234 	}
235 	if (Uflag)
236 		sblock.fs_flags |= FS_DOSOFTDEP;
237 	if (Lflag)
238 		strlcpy(sblock.fs_volname, volumelabel, MAXVOLLEN);
239 	/*
240 	 * Validate the given file system size.
241 	 * Verify that its last block can actually be accessed.
242 	 */
243 	if (fssize == 0)
244 		printf("preposterous size %lu\n", fssize), exit(13);
245 	wtfs(fssize - (realsectorsize / DEV_BSIZE), realsectorsize,
246 		 (char *)&sblock);
247 	/*
248 	 * collect and verify the sector and track info
249 	 */
250 	sblock.fs_nsect = nsectors;
251 	sblock.fs_ntrak = ntracks;
252 	if (sblock.fs_ntrak <= 0)
253 		printf("preposterous ntrak %d\n", sblock.fs_ntrak), exit(14);
254 	if (sblock.fs_nsect <= 0)
255 		printf("preposterous nsect %d\n", sblock.fs_nsect), exit(15);
256 	/*
257 	 * collect and verify the filesystem density info
258 	 */
259 	sblock.fs_avgfilesize = avgfilesize;
260 	sblock.fs_avgfpdir = avgfilesperdir;
261 	if (sblock.fs_avgfilesize <= 0)
262 		printf("illegal expected average file size %d\n",
263 		    sblock.fs_avgfilesize), exit(14);
264 	if (sblock.fs_avgfpdir <= 0)
265 		printf("illegal expected number of files per directory %d\n",
266 		    sblock.fs_avgfpdir), exit(15);
267 	/*
268 	 * collect and verify the block and fragment sizes
269 	 */
270 	sblock.fs_bsize = bsize;
271 	sblock.fs_fsize = fsize;
272 	if (!POWEROF2(sblock.fs_bsize)) {
273 		printf("block size must be a power of 2, not %d\n",
274 		    sblock.fs_bsize);
275 		exit(16);
276 	}
277 	if (!POWEROF2(sblock.fs_fsize)) {
278 		printf("fragment size must be a power of 2, not %d\n",
279 		    sblock.fs_fsize);
280 		exit(17);
281 	}
282 	if (sblock.fs_fsize < sectorsize) {
283 		printf("fragment size %d is too small, minimum is %d\n",
284 		    sblock.fs_fsize, sectorsize);
285 		exit(18);
286 	}
287 	if (sblock.fs_bsize < MINBSIZE) {
288 		printf("block size %d is too small, minimum is %d\n",
289 		    sblock.fs_bsize, MINBSIZE);
290 		exit(19);
291 	}
292 	if (sblock.fs_bsize < sblock.fs_fsize) {
293 		printf("block size (%d) cannot be smaller than fragment size (%d)\n",
294 		    sblock.fs_bsize, sblock.fs_fsize);
295 		exit(20);
296 	}
297 	sblock.fs_bmask = ~(sblock.fs_bsize - 1);
298 	sblock.fs_fmask = ~(sblock.fs_fsize - 1);
299 	sblock.fs_qbmask = ~sblock.fs_bmask;
300 	sblock.fs_qfmask = ~sblock.fs_fmask;
301 	for (sblock.fs_bshift = 0, i = sblock.fs_bsize; i > 1; i >>= 1)
302 		sblock.fs_bshift++;
303 	for (sblock.fs_fshift = 0, i = sblock.fs_fsize; i > 1; i >>= 1)
304 		sblock.fs_fshift++;
305 	sblock.fs_frag = numfrags(&sblock, sblock.fs_bsize);
306 	for (sblock.fs_fragshift = 0, i = sblock.fs_frag; i > 1; i >>= 1)
307 		sblock.fs_fragshift++;
308 	if (sblock.fs_frag > MAXFRAG) {
309 		printf("fragment size %d is too small, minimum with block size %d is %d\n",
310 		    sblock.fs_fsize, sblock.fs_bsize,
311 		    sblock.fs_bsize / MAXFRAG);
312 		exit(21);
313 	}
314 	sblock.fs_nrpos = nrpos;
315 	sblock.fs_nindir = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(daddr_t);
316 	sblock.fs_inopb = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(struct ufs1_dinode);
317 	sblock.fs_nspf = sblock.fs_fsize / sectorsize;
318 	for (sblock.fs_fsbtodb = 0, i = NSPF(&sblock); i > 1; i >>= 1)
319 		sblock.fs_fsbtodb++;
320 	sblock.fs_sblkno =
321 	    roundup(howmany(bbsize + sbsize, sblock.fs_fsize), sblock.fs_frag);
322 	sblock.fs_cblkno = (daddr_t)(sblock.fs_sblkno +
323 	    roundup(howmany(sbsize, sblock.fs_fsize), sblock.fs_frag));
324 	sblock.fs_iblkno = sblock.fs_cblkno + sblock.fs_frag;
325 	sblock.fs_cgoffset = roundup(
326 	    howmany(sblock.fs_nsect, NSPF(&sblock)), sblock.fs_frag);
327 	for (sblock.fs_cgmask = 0xffffffff, i = sblock.fs_ntrak; i > 1; i >>= 1)
328 		sblock.fs_cgmask <<= 1;
329 	if (!POWEROF2(sblock.fs_ntrak))
330 		sblock.fs_cgmask <<= 1;
331 	sblock.fs_maxfilesize = sblock.fs_bsize * NDADDR - 1;
332 	for (sizepb = sblock.fs_bsize, i = 0; i < NIADDR; i++) {
333 		sizepb *= NINDIR(&sblock);
334 		sblock.fs_maxfilesize += sizepb;
335 	}
336 	/*
337 	 * Validate specified/determined secpercyl
338 	 * and calculate minimum cylinders per group.
339 	 */
340 	sblock.fs_spc = secpercyl;
341 	for (sblock.fs_cpc = NSPB(&sblock), i = sblock.fs_spc;
342 	     sblock.fs_cpc > 1 && (i & 1) == 0;
343 	     sblock.fs_cpc >>= 1, i >>= 1)
344 		/* void */;
345 	mincpc = sblock.fs_cpc;
346 	bpcg = sblock.fs_spc * sectorsize;
347 	inospercg = roundup(bpcg / sizeof(struct ufs1_dinode), INOPB(&sblock));
348 	if (inospercg > MAXIPG(&sblock))
349 		inospercg = MAXIPG(&sblock);
350 	used = (sblock.fs_iblkno + inospercg / INOPF(&sblock)) * NSPF(&sblock);
351 	mincpgcnt = howmany(sblock.fs_cgoffset * (~sblock.fs_cgmask) + used,
352 	    sblock.fs_spc);
353 	mincpg = roundup(mincpgcnt, mincpc);
354 	/*
355 	 * Ensure that cylinder group with mincpg has enough space
356 	 * for block maps.
357 	 */
358 	sblock.fs_cpg = mincpg;
359 	sblock.fs_ipg = inospercg;
360 	if (maxcontig > 1)
361 		sblock.fs_contigsumsize = MIN(maxcontig, FS_MAXCONTIG);
362 	mapcramped = 0;
363 	while (CGSIZE(&sblock) > (uint32_t)sblock.fs_bsize) {
364 		mapcramped = 1;
365 		if (sblock.fs_bsize < MAXBSIZE) {
366 			sblock.fs_bsize <<= 1;
367 			if ((i & 1) == 0) {
368 				i >>= 1;
369 			} else {
370 				sblock.fs_cpc <<= 1;
371 				mincpc <<= 1;
372 				mincpg = roundup(mincpgcnt, mincpc);
373 				sblock.fs_cpg = mincpg;
374 			}
375 			sblock.fs_frag <<= 1;
376 			sblock.fs_fragshift += 1;
377 			if (sblock.fs_frag <= MAXFRAG)
378 				continue;
379 		}
380 		if (sblock.fs_fsize == sblock.fs_bsize) {
381 			printf("There is no block size that");
382 			printf(" can support this disk\n");
383 			exit(22);
384 		}
385 		sblock.fs_frag >>= 1;
386 		sblock.fs_fragshift -= 1;
387 		sblock.fs_fsize <<= 1;
388 		sblock.fs_nspf <<= 1;
389 	}
390 	/*
391 	 * Ensure that cylinder group with mincpg has enough space for inodes.
392 	 */
393 	inodecramped = 0;
394 	inospercg = calcipg(mincpg, bpcg, &usedb);
395 	sblock.fs_ipg = inospercg;
396 	while (inospercg > MAXIPG(&sblock)) {
397 		inodecramped = 1;
398 		if (mincpc == 1 || sblock.fs_frag == 1 ||
399 		    sblock.fs_bsize == MINBSIZE)
400 			break;
401 		printf("With a block size of %d %s %d\n", sblock.fs_bsize,
402 		       "minimum bytes per inode is",
403 		       (int)((mincpg * (off_t)bpcg - usedb)
404 			     / MAXIPG(&sblock) + 1));
405 		sblock.fs_bsize >>= 1;
406 		sblock.fs_frag >>= 1;
407 		sblock.fs_fragshift -= 1;
408 		mincpc >>= 1;
409 		sblock.fs_cpg = roundup(mincpgcnt, mincpc);
410 		if (CGSIZE(&sblock) > (uint32_t)sblock.fs_bsize) {
411 			sblock.fs_bsize <<= 1;
412 			break;
413 		}
414 		mincpg = sblock.fs_cpg;
415 		inospercg = calcipg(mincpg, bpcg, &usedb);
416 		sblock.fs_ipg = inospercg;
417 	}
418 	if (inodecramped) {
419 		if (inospercg > MAXIPG(&sblock)) {
420 			printf("Minimum bytes per inode is %d\n",
421 			       (int)((mincpg * (off_t)bpcg - usedb)
422 				     / MAXIPG(&sblock) + 1));
423 		} else if (!mapcramped) {
424 			printf("With %d bytes per inode, ", density);
425 			printf("minimum cylinders per group is %ld\n", mincpg);
426 		}
427 	}
428 	if (mapcramped) {
429 		printf("With %d sectors per cylinder, ", sblock.fs_spc);
430 		printf("minimum cylinders per group is %ld\n", mincpg);
431 	}
432 	if (inodecramped || mapcramped) {
433 		if (sblock.fs_bsize != bsize)
434 			printf("%s to be changed from %d to %d\n",
435 			    "This requires the block size",
436 			    bsize, sblock.fs_bsize);
437 		if (sblock.fs_fsize != fsize)
438 			printf("\t%s to be changed from %d to %d\n",
439 			    "and the fragment size",
440 			    fsize, sblock.fs_fsize);
441 		exit(23);
442 	}
443 	/*
444 	 * Calculate the number of cylinders per group
445 	 */
446 	sblock.fs_cpg = cpg;
447 	if (sblock.fs_cpg % mincpc != 0) {
448 		printf("%s groups must have a multiple of %ld cylinders\n",
449 			cpgflg ? "Cylinder" : "Warning: cylinder", mincpc);
450 		sblock.fs_cpg = roundup(sblock.fs_cpg, mincpc);
451 		if (!cpgflg)
452 			cpg = sblock.fs_cpg;
453 	}
454 	/*
455 	 * Must ensure there is enough space for inodes.
456 	 */
457 	sblock.fs_ipg = calcipg(sblock.fs_cpg, bpcg, &usedb);
458 	while (sblock.fs_ipg > MAXIPG(&sblock)) {
459 		inodecramped = 1;
460 		sblock.fs_cpg -= mincpc;
461 		sblock.fs_ipg = calcipg(sblock.fs_cpg, bpcg, &usedb);
462 	}
463 	/*
464 	 * Must ensure there is enough space to hold block map.
465 	 */
466 	while (CGSIZE(&sblock) > (uint32_t)sblock.fs_bsize) {
467 		mapcramped = 1;
468 		sblock.fs_cpg -= mincpc;
469 		sblock.fs_ipg = calcipg(sblock.fs_cpg, bpcg, &usedb);
470 	}
471 	sblock.fs_fpg = (sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_spc) / NSPF(&sblock);
472 	if ((sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_spc) % NSPB(&sblock) != 0) {
473 		printf("panic (fs_cpg * fs_spc) %% NSPF != 0");
474 		exit(24);
475 	}
476 	if (sblock.fs_cpg < mincpg) {
477 		printf("cylinder groups must have at least %ld cylinders\n",
478 			mincpg);
479 		exit(25);
480 	} else if (sblock.fs_cpg != cpg) {
481 		if (!cpgflg && !mfs)
482 			printf("Warning: ");
483 		else if (!mapcramped && !inodecramped)
484 			exit(26);
485 		if (!mfs) {
486 		    if (mapcramped && inodecramped)
487 			printf("Block size and bytes per inode restrict");
488 		    else if (mapcramped)
489 			printf("Block size restricts");
490 		    else
491 			printf("Bytes per inode restrict");
492 		    printf(" cylinders per group to %d.\n", sblock.fs_cpg);
493 		}
494 		if (cpgflg)
495 			exit(27);
496 	}
497 	sblock.fs_cgsize = fragroundup(&sblock, CGSIZE(&sblock));
498 	/*
499 	 * Now have size for file system and nsect and ntrak.
500 	 * Determine number of cylinders and blocks in the file system.
501 	 */
502 	sblock.fs_size = fssize = dbtofsb(&sblock, fssize);
503 	sblock.fs_ncyl = fssize * NSPF(&sblock) / sblock.fs_spc;
504 	if ((long)fssize * NSPF(&sblock) > sblock.fs_ncyl * sblock.fs_spc) {
505 		sblock.fs_ncyl++;
506 		emitwarn = 1;
507 	}
508 	if (sblock.fs_ncyl < 1) {
509 		printf("file systems must have at least one cylinder\n");
510 		exit(28);
511 	}
512 	/*
513 	 * Determine feasability/values of rotational layout tables.
514 	 *
515 	 * The size of the rotational layout tables is limited by the
516 	 * size of the superblock, SBSIZE. The amount of space available
517 	 * for tables is calculated as (SBSIZE - sizeof (struct fs)).
518 	 * The size of these tables is inversely proportional to the block
519 	 * size of the file system. The size increases if sectors per track
520 	 * are not powers of two, because more cylinders must be described
521 	 * by the tables before the rotational pattern repeats (fs_cpc).
522 	 */
523 	sblock.fs_interleave = interleave;
524 	sblock.fs_trackskew = trackskew;
525 	sblock.fs_npsect = nphyssectors;
526 	sblock.fs_postblformat = FS_DYNAMICPOSTBLFMT;
527 	sblock.fs_sbsize = fragroundup(&sblock, sizeof(struct fs));
528 	if (sblock.fs_sbsize > SBSIZE)
529 		sblock.fs_sbsize = SBSIZE;
530 	if (sblock.fs_ntrak == 1) {
531 		sblock.fs_cpc = 0;
532 		goto next;
533 	}
534 	postblsize = sblock.fs_nrpos * sblock.fs_cpc * sizeof(int16_t);
535 	rotblsize = sblock.fs_cpc * sblock.fs_spc / NSPB(&sblock);
536 	totalsbsize = sizeof(struct fs) + rotblsize;
537 	if (sblock.fs_nrpos == 8 && sblock.fs_cpc <= 16) {
538 		/* use old static table space */
539 		sblock.fs_postbloff = (char *)(&sblock.fs_opostbl[0][0]) -
540 		    (char *)(&sblock.fs_firstfield);
541 		sblock.fs_rotbloff = &sblock.fs_space[0] -
542 		    (u_char *)(&sblock.fs_firstfield);
543 	} else {
544 		/* use dynamic table space */
545 		sblock.fs_postbloff = &sblock.fs_space[0] -
546 		    (u_char *)(&sblock.fs_firstfield);
547 		sblock.fs_rotbloff = sblock.fs_postbloff + postblsize;
548 		totalsbsize += postblsize;
549 	}
550 	if (totalsbsize > SBSIZE ||
551 	    sblock.fs_nsect > (1 << NBBY) * NSPB(&sblock)) {
552 		printf("%s %s %d %s %d.%s",
553 		    "Warning: insufficient space in super block for\n",
554 		    "rotational layout tables with nsect", sblock.fs_nsect,
555 		    "and ntrak", sblock.fs_ntrak,
556 		    "\nFile system performance may be impaired.\n");
557 		sblock.fs_cpc = 0;
558 		goto next;
559 	}
560 	sblock.fs_sbsize = fragroundup(&sblock, totalsbsize);
561 	if (sblock.fs_sbsize > SBSIZE)
562 		sblock.fs_sbsize = SBSIZE;
563 	/*
564 	 * calculate the available blocks for each rotational position
565 	 */
566 	for (cylno = 0; cylno < sblock.fs_cpc; cylno++)
567 		for (rpos = 0; rpos < sblock.fs_nrpos; rpos++)
568 			fs_postbl(&sblock, cylno)[rpos] = -1;
569 	for (i = (rotblsize - 1) * sblock.fs_frag;
570 	     i >= 0; i -= sblock.fs_frag) {
571 		cylno = cbtocylno(&sblock, i);
572 		rpos = cbtorpos(&sblock, i);
573 		blk = fragstoblks(&sblock, i);
574 		if (fs_postbl(&sblock, cylno)[rpos] == -1)
575 			fs_rotbl(&sblock)[blk] = 0;
576 		else
577 			fs_rotbl(&sblock)[blk] =
578 			    fs_postbl(&sblock, cylno)[rpos] - blk;
579 		fs_postbl(&sblock, cylno)[rpos] = blk;
580 	}
581 next:
582 	/*
583 	 * Compute/validate number of cylinder groups.
584 	 */
585 	sblock.fs_ncg = sblock.fs_ncyl / sblock.fs_cpg;
586 	if (sblock.fs_ncyl % sblock.fs_cpg)
587 		sblock.fs_ncg++;
588 	sblock.fs_dblkno = sblock.fs_iblkno + sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock);
589 	i = MIN(~sblock.fs_cgmask, sblock.fs_ncg - 1);
590 	if (cgdmin(&sblock, i) - cgbase(&sblock, i) >= sblock.fs_fpg) {
591 		printf("inode blocks/cyl group (%ld) >= data blocks (%ld)\n",
592 		    cgdmin(&sblock, i) - cgbase(&sblock, i) / sblock.fs_frag,
593 		    (long)(sblock.fs_fpg / sblock.fs_frag));
594 		printf("number of cylinders per cylinder group (%d) %s.\n",
595 		    sblock.fs_cpg, "must be increased");
596 		exit(29);
597 	}
598 	j = sblock.fs_ncg - 1;
599 	if ((i = fssize - j * sblock.fs_fpg) < sblock.fs_fpg &&
600 	    cgdmin(&sblock, j) - cgbase(&sblock, j) > i) {
601 		if (j == 0) {
602 			printf("Filesystem must have at least %d sectors\n",
603 			    NSPF(&sblock) *
604 			    (cgdmin(&sblock, 0) + 3 * sblock.fs_frag));
605 			exit(30);
606 		}
607 		printf(
608 "Warning: inode blocks/cyl group (%ld) >= data blocks (%ld) in last\n",
609 		    (cgdmin(&sblock, j) - cgbase(&sblock, j)) / sblock.fs_frag,
610 		    i / sblock.fs_frag);
611 		printf(
612 "    cylinder group. This implies %ld sector(s) cannot be allocated.\n",
613 		    i * NSPF(&sblock));
614 		sblock.fs_ncg--;
615 		sblock.fs_ncyl -= sblock.fs_ncyl % sblock.fs_cpg;
616 		sblock.fs_size = fssize = sblock.fs_ncyl * sblock.fs_spc /
617 		    NSPF(&sblock);
618 		emitwarn = 0;
619 	}
620 	if (emitwarn && !mfs) {
621 		printf("Warning: %lu sector(s) in last cylinder unallocated\n",
622 		    sblock.fs_spc -
623 		    (fssize * NSPF(&sblock) - (sblock.fs_ncyl - 1)
624 		    * sblock.fs_spc));
625 	}
626 	/*
627 	 * fill in remaining fields of the super block
628 	 */
629 	sblock.fs_csaddr = cgdmin(&sblock, 0);
630 	sblock.fs_cssize =
631 	    fragroundup(&sblock, sblock.fs_ncg * sizeof(struct csum));
632 	/*
633 	 * The superblock fields 'fs_csmask' and 'fs_csshift' are no
634 	 * longer used. However, we still initialise them so that the
635 	 * filesystem remains compatible with old kernels.
636 	 */
637 	i = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(struct csum);
638 	sblock.fs_csmask = ~(i - 1);
639 	for (sblock.fs_csshift = 0; i > 1; i >>= 1)
640 		sblock.fs_csshift++;
641 	fscs = (struct csum *)calloc(1, sblock.fs_cssize);
642 	if (fscs == NULL)
643 		errx(31, "calloc failed");
644 	sblock.fs_magic = FS_MAGIC;
645 	sblock.fs_rotdelay = rotdelay;
646 	sblock.fs_minfree = minfree;
647 	sblock.fs_maxcontig = maxcontig;
648 	sblock.fs_maxbpg = maxbpg;
649 	sblock.fs_rps = rpm / 60;
650 	sblock.fs_optim = opt;
651 	sblock.fs_cgrotor = 0;
652 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir = 0;
653 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree = 0;
654 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree = 0;
655 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree = 0;
656 	sblock.fs_fmod = 0;
657 	sblock.fs_ronly = 0;
658 	sblock.fs_clean = 1;
659 #ifdef FSIRAND
660 	sblock.fs_id[0] = (long)utime;
661 	sblock.fs_id[1] = random();
662 #endif
663 
664 	/*
665 	 * Dump out summary information about file system.
666 	 */
667 	if (!mfs) {
668 		printf("%s:\t%d sectors in %d %s of %d tracks, %d sectors\n",
669 		    fsys, sblock.fs_size * NSPF(&sblock), sblock.fs_ncyl,
670 		    "cylinders", sblock.fs_ntrak, sblock.fs_nsect);
671 #define B2MBFACTOR (1 / (1024.0 * 1024.0))
672 		printf("\t%.1fMB in %d cyl groups (%d c/g, %.2fMB/g, %d i/g)%s\n",
673 		    (float)sblock.fs_size * sblock.fs_fsize * B2MBFACTOR,
674 		    sblock.fs_ncg, sblock.fs_cpg,
675 		    (float)sblock.fs_fpg * sblock.fs_fsize * B2MBFACTOR,
676 		    sblock.fs_ipg,
677 			sblock.fs_flags & FS_DOSOFTDEP ? " SOFTUPDATES" : "");
678 #undef B2MBFACTOR
679 	}
680 	/*
681 	 * Now build the cylinders group blocks and
682 	 * then print out indices of cylinder groups.
683 	 */
684 	if (!mfs)
685 		printf("super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:\n");
686 	i = 0;
687 	width = charsperline();
688 	for (cylno = 0; cylno < sblock.fs_ncg; cylno++) {
689 		initcg(cylno, utime);
690 		if (mfs)
691 			continue;
692 		j = snprintf(tmpbuf, sizeof(tmpbuf), " %ld%s",
693 		    fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, cylno)),
694 		    cylno < (sblock.fs_ncg-1) ? "," : "" );
695 		if (i + j >= width) {
696 			printf("\n");
697 			i = 0;
698 		}
699 		i += j;
700 		printf("%s", tmpbuf);
701 		fflush(stdout);
702 	}
703 	if (!mfs)
704 		printf("\n");
705 	if (Nflag && !mfs)
706 		exit(0);
707 	/*
708 	 * Now construct the initial file system,
709 	 * then write out the super-block.
710 	 */
711 	fsinit(utime);
712 	sblock.fs_time = utime;
713 	wtfs((int)SBOFF / sectorsize, sbsize, (char *)&sblock);
714 	for (i = 0; i < sblock.fs_cssize; i += sblock.fs_bsize)
715 		wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, sblock.fs_csaddr + numfrags(&sblock, i)),
716 			sblock.fs_cssize - i < sblock.fs_bsize ?
717 			    sblock.fs_cssize - i : sblock.fs_bsize,
718 			((char *)fscs) + i);
719 	/*
720 	 * Write out the duplicate super blocks
721 	 */
722 	for (cylno = 0; cylno < sblock.fs_ncg; cylno++)
723 		wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, cylno)),
724 		    sbsize, (char *)&sblock);
725 	wtfsflush();
726 
727 	/*
728 	 * NOTE: we no longer update information in the disklabel
729 	 */
730 
731 	/*
732 	 * Notify parent process of success.
733 	 * Dissociate from session and tty.
734 	 *
735 	 * NOTE: We are the child and may receive a SIGINT due
736 	 *	 to losing the tty session? XXX
737 	 */
738 	if (mfs) {
739 		/* YYY */
740 		kill(mfs_ppid, SIGUSR1);
741 		setsid();
742 		close(0);
743 		close(1);
744 		close(2);
745 		chdir("/");
746 		/* returns to mount_mfs (newfs) and issues the mount */
747 	}
748 }
749 
750 /*
751  * Initialize a cylinder group.
752  */
753 void
754 initcg(int cylno, time_t utime)
755 {
756 	daddr_t cbase, d, dlower, dupper, dmax, blkno;
757 	long i;
758 	unsigned long k;
759 	struct csum *cs;
760 #ifdef FSIRAND
761 	uint32_t j;
762 #endif
763 
764 	/*
765 	 * Determine block bounds for cylinder group.
766 	 * Allow space for super block summary information in first
767 	 * cylinder group.
768 	 */
769 	cbase = cgbase(&sblock, cylno);
770 	dmax = cbase + sblock.fs_fpg;
771 	if (dmax > sblock.fs_size)
772 		dmax = sblock.fs_size;
773 	dlower = cgsblock(&sblock, cylno) - cbase;
774 	dupper = cgdmin(&sblock, cylno) - cbase;
775 	if (cylno == 0)
776 		dupper += howmany(sblock.fs_cssize, sblock.fs_fsize);
777 	cs = fscs + cylno;
778 	memset(&acg, 0, sblock.fs_cgsize);
779 	acg.cg_time = utime;
780 	acg.cg_magic = CG_MAGIC;
781 	acg.cg_cgx = cylno;
782 	if (cylno == sblock.fs_ncg - 1)
783 		acg.cg_ncyl = sblock.fs_ncyl % sblock.fs_cpg;
784 	else
785 		acg.cg_ncyl = sblock.fs_cpg;
786 	acg.cg_niblk = sblock.fs_ipg;
787 	acg.cg_ndblk = dmax - cbase;
788 	if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
789 		acg.cg_nclusterblks = acg.cg_ndblk / sblock.fs_frag;
790 	acg.cg_btotoff = &acg.cg_space[0] - (u_char *)(&acg.cg_firstfield);
791 	acg.cg_boff = acg.cg_btotoff + sblock.fs_cpg * sizeof(int32_t);
792 	acg.cg_iusedoff = acg.cg_boff +
793 		sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_nrpos * sizeof(u_int16_t);
794 	acg.cg_freeoff = acg.cg_iusedoff + howmany(sblock.fs_ipg, NBBY);
795 	if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize <= 0) {
796 		acg.cg_nextfreeoff = acg.cg_freeoff +
797 		   howmany(sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_spc / NSPF(&sblock), NBBY);
798 	} else {
799 		acg.cg_clustersumoff = acg.cg_freeoff + howmany
800 		    (sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_spc / NSPF(&sblock), NBBY) -
801 		    sizeof(u_int32_t);
802 		acg.cg_clustersumoff =
803 		    roundup(acg.cg_clustersumoff, sizeof(u_int32_t));
804 		acg.cg_clusteroff = acg.cg_clustersumoff +
805 		    (sblock.fs_contigsumsize + 1) * sizeof(u_int32_t);
806 		acg.cg_nextfreeoff = acg.cg_clusteroff + howmany
807 		    (sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_spc / NSPB(&sblock), NBBY);
808 	}
809 	if (acg.cg_nextfreeoff - (long)(&acg.cg_firstfield) > sblock.fs_cgsize) {
810 		printf("Panic: cylinder group too big\n");
811 		exit(37);
812 	}
813 	acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree += sblock.fs_ipg;
814 	if (cylno == 0) {
815 		for (k = 0; k < ROOTINO; k++) {
816 			setbit(cg_inosused(&acg), k);
817 			acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree--;
818 		}
819 	}
820 	for (i = 0; i < sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock); i += sblock.fs_frag) {
821 #ifdef FSIRAND
822 		for (j = 0;
823 		     j < sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(struct ufs1_dinode);
824 		     j++) {
825 			zino[j].di_gen = random();
826 		}
827 #endif
828 		wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgimin(&sblock, cylno) + i),
829 		    sblock.fs_bsize, (char *)zino);
830 	}
831 	if (cylno > 0) {
832 		/*
833 		 * In cylno 0, beginning space is reserved
834 		 * for boot and super blocks.
835 		 */
836 		for (d = 0; d < dlower; d += sblock.fs_frag) {
837 			blkno = d / sblock.fs_frag;
838 			setblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), blkno);
839 			if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
840 				setbit(cg_clustersfree(&acg), blkno);
841 			acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree++;
842 			cg_blktot(&acg)[cbtocylno(&sblock, d)]++;
843 			cg_blks(&sblock, &acg, cbtocylno(&sblock, d))
844 			    [cbtorpos(&sblock, d)]++;
845 		}
846 		sblock.fs_dsize += dlower;
847 	}
848 	sblock.fs_dsize += acg.cg_ndblk - dupper;
849 	if ((i = dupper % sblock.fs_frag)) {
850 		acg.cg_frsum[sblock.fs_frag - i]++;
851 		for (d = dupper + sblock.fs_frag - i; dupper < d; dupper++) {
852 			setbit(cg_blksfree(&acg), dupper);
853 			acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree++;
854 		}
855 	}
856 	for (d = dupper; d + sblock.fs_frag <= dmax - cbase; ) {
857 		blkno = d / sblock.fs_frag;
858 		setblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), blkno);
859 		if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
860 			setbit(cg_clustersfree(&acg), blkno);
861 		acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree++;
862 		cg_blktot(&acg)[cbtocylno(&sblock, d)]++;
863 		cg_blks(&sblock, &acg, cbtocylno(&sblock, d))
864 		    [cbtorpos(&sblock, d)]++;
865 		d += sblock.fs_frag;
866 	}
867 	if (d < dmax - cbase) {
868 		acg.cg_frsum[dmax - cbase - d]++;
869 		for (; d < dmax - cbase; d++) {
870 			setbit(cg_blksfree(&acg), d);
871 			acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree++;
872 		}
873 	}
874 	if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0) {
875 		int32_t *sump = cg_clustersum(&acg);
876 		u_char *mapp = cg_clustersfree(&acg);
877 		int map = *mapp++;
878 		int bit = 1;
879 		int run = 0;
880 
881 		for (i = 0; i < acg.cg_nclusterblks; i++) {
882 			if ((map & bit) != 0) {
883 				run++;
884 			} else if (run != 0) {
885 				if (run > sblock.fs_contigsumsize)
886 					run = sblock.fs_contigsumsize;
887 				sump[run]++;
888 				run = 0;
889 			}
890 			if ((i & (NBBY - 1)) != (NBBY - 1)) {
891 				bit <<= 1;
892 			} else {
893 				map = *mapp++;
894 				bit = 1;
895 			}
896 		}
897 		if (run != 0) {
898 			if (run > sblock.fs_contigsumsize)
899 				run = sblock.fs_contigsumsize;
900 			sump[run]++;
901 		}
902 	}
903 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir += acg.cg_cs.cs_ndir;
904 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree += acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree;
905 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree += acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree;
906 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree += acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree;
907 	*cs = acg.cg_cs;
908 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, cylno)),
909 		sblock.fs_bsize, (char *)&acg);
910 }
911 
912 /*
913  * initialize the file system
914  */
915 struct ufs1_dinode node;
916 
917 #ifdef LOSTDIR
918 #define PREDEFDIR 3
919 #else
920 #define PREDEFDIR 2
921 #endif
922 
923 struct direct root_dir[] = {
924 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 1, "." },
925 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 2, ".." },
926 #ifdef LOSTDIR
927 	{ LOSTFOUNDINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 10, "lost+found" },
928 #endif
929 };
930 struct odirect {
931 	u_long	d_ino;
932 	u_short	d_reclen;
933 	u_short	d_namlen;
934 	u_char	d_name[MAXNAMLEN + 1];
935 } oroot_dir[] = {
936 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), 1, "." },
937 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), 2, ".." },
938 #ifdef LOSTDIR
939 	{ LOSTFOUNDINO, sizeof(struct direct), 10, "lost+found" },
940 #endif
941 };
942 #ifdef LOSTDIR
943 struct direct lost_found_dir[] = {
944 	{ LOSTFOUNDINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 1, "." },
945 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 2, ".." },
946 	{ 0, DIRBLKSIZ, 0, 0, 0 },
947 };
948 struct odirect olost_found_dir[] = {
949 	{ LOSTFOUNDINO, sizeof(struct direct), 1, "." },
950 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), 2, ".." },
951 	{ 0, DIRBLKSIZ, 0, 0 },
952 };
953 #endif
954 char buf[MAXBSIZE];
955 
956 void
957 fsinit(time_t utime)
958 {
959 #ifdef LOSTDIR
960 	int i;
961 #endif
962 
963 	/*
964 	 * initialize the node
965 	 */
966 	node.di_atime = utime;
967 	node.di_mtime = utime;
968 	node.di_ctime = utime;
969 #ifdef LOSTDIR
970 	/*
971 	 * create the lost+found directory
972 	 */
973 	if (Oflag) {
974 		makedir((struct direct *)olost_found_dir, 2);
975 		for (i = DIRBLKSIZ; i < sblock.fs_bsize; i += DIRBLKSIZ)
976 			memmove(&buf[i], &olost_found_dir[2],
977 			    DIRSIZ(0, &olost_found_dir[2]));
978 	} else {
979 		makedir(lost_found_dir, 2);
980 		for (i = DIRBLKSIZ; i < sblock.fs_bsize; i += DIRBLKSIZ)
981 			memmove(&buf[i], &lost_found_dir[2],
982 			    DIRSIZ(0, &lost_found_dir[2]));
983 	}
984 	node.di_mode = IFDIR | UMASK;
985 	node.di_nlink = 2;
986 	node.di_size = sblock.fs_bsize;
987 	node.di_db[0] = alloc(node.di_size, node.di_mode);
988 	node.di_blocks = btodb(fragroundup(&sblock, node.di_size));
989 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, node.di_db[0]), node.di_size, buf);
990 	iput(&node, LOSTFOUNDINO);
991 #endif
992 	/*
993 	 * create the root directory
994 	 */
995 	if (mfs)
996 		node.di_mode = IFDIR | 01777;
997 	else
998 		node.di_mode = IFDIR | UMASK;
999 	node.di_nlink = PREDEFDIR;
1000 	if (Oflag)
1001 		node.di_size = makedir((struct direct *)oroot_dir, PREDEFDIR);
1002 	else
1003 		node.di_size = makedir(root_dir, PREDEFDIR);
1004 	node.di_db[0] = alloc(sblock.fs_fsize, node.di_mode);
1005 	node.di_blocks = btodb(fragroundup(&sblock, node.di_size));
1006 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, node.di_db[0]), sblock.fs_fsize, buf);
1007 	iput(&node, ROOTINO);
1008 }
1009 
1010 /*
1011  * construct a set of directory entries in "buf".
1012  * return size of directory.
1013  */
1014 int
1015 makedir(struct direct *protodir, int entries)
1016 {
1017 	char *cp;
1018 	int i, spcleft;
1019 
1020 	spcleft = DIRBLKSIZ;
1021 	for (cp = buf, i = 0; i < entries - 1; i++) {
1022 		protodir[i].d_reclen = DIRSIZ(0, &protodir[i]);
1023 		memmove(cp, &protodir[i], protodir[i].d_reclen);
1024 		cp += protodir[i].d_reclen;
1025 		spcleft -= protodir[i].d_reclen;
1026 	}
1027 	protodir[i].d_reclen = spcleft;
1028 	memmove(cp, &protodir[i], DIRSIZ(0, &protodir[i]));
1029 	return (DIRBLKSIZ);
1030 }
1031 
1032 /*
1033  * allocate a block or frag
1034  */
1035 daddr_t
1036 alloc(int size, int mode)
1037 {
1038 	int i, frag;
1039 	daddr_t d, blkno;
1040 
1041 	rdfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
1042 	    (char *)&acg);
1043 	if (acg.cg_magic != CG_MAGIC) {
1044 		printf("cg 0: bad magic number\n");
1045 		return (0);
1046 	}
1047 	if (acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree == 0) {
1048 		printf("first cylinder group ran out of space\n");
1049 		return (0);
1050 	}
1051 	for (d = 0; d < acg.cg_ndblk; d += sblock.fs_frag)
1052 		if (isblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), d / sblock.fs_frag))
1053 			goto goth;
1054 	printf("internal error: can't find block in cyl 0\n");
1055 	return (0);
1056 goth:
1057 	blkno = fragstoblks(&sblock, d);
1058 	clrblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), blkno);
1059 	if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
1060 		clrbit(cg_clustersfree(&acg), blkno);
1061 	acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree--;
1062 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree--;
1063 	fscs[0].cs_nbfree--;
1064 	if (mode & IFDIR) {
1065 		acg.cg_cs.cs_ndir++;
1066 		sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir++;
1067 		fscs[0].cs_ndir++;
1068 	}
1069 	cg_blktot(&acg)[cbtocylno(&sblock, d)]--;
1070 	cg_blks(&sblock, &acg, cbtocylno(&sblock, d))[cbtorpos(&sblock, d)]--;
1071 	if (size != sblock.fs_bsize) {
1072 		frag = howmany(size, sblock.fs_fsize);
1073 		fscs[0].cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
1074 		sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
1075 		acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
1076 		acg.cg_frsum[sblock.fs_frag - frag]++;
1077 		for (i = frag; i < sblock.fs_frag; i++)
1078 			setbit(cg_blksfree(&acg), d + i);
1079 	}
1080 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
1081 	    (char *)&acg);
1082 	return (d);
1083 }
1084 
1085 /*
1086  * Calculate number of inodes per group.
1087  */
1088 long
1089 calcipg(long cylspg, long bpcg, off_t *usedbp)
1090 {
1091 	int i;
1092 	long ipg, new_ipg, ncg, ncyl;
1093 	off_t usedb;
1094 
1095 	/*
1096 	 * Prepare to scale by fssize / (number of sectors in cylinder groups).
1097 	 * Note that fssize is still in sectors, not filesystem blocks.
1098 	 */
1099 	ncyl = howmany(fssize, (u_int)secpercyl);
1100 	ncg = howmany(ncyl, cylspg);
1101 	/*
1102 	 * Iterate a few times to allow for ipg depending on itself.
1103 	 */
1104 	ipg = 0;
1105 	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
1106 		usedb = (sblock.fs_iblkno + ipg / INOPF(&sblock))
1107 			* NSPF(&sblock) * (off_t)sectorsize;
1108 		new_ipg = (cylspg * (quad_t)bpcg - usedb) / density * fssize
1109 			  / ncg / secpercyl / cylspg;
1110 		new_ipg = roundup(new_ipg, INOPB(&sblock));
1111 		if (new_ipg == ipg)
1112 			break;
1113 		ipg = new_ipg;
1114 	}
1115 	*usedbp = usedb;
1116 	return (ipg);
1117 }
1118 
1119 /*
1120  * Allocate an inode on the disk
1121  */
1122 void
1123 iput(struct ufs1_dinode *ip, ino_t ino)
1124 {
1125 	struct ufs1_dinode inobuf[MAXINOPB];
1126 	daddr_t d;
1127 	int c;
1128 
1129 #ifdef FSIRAND
1130 	ip->di_gen = random();
1131 #endif
1132 	c = ino_to_cg(&sblock, ino);
1133 	rdfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
1134 	    (char *)&acg);
1135 	if (acg.cg_magic != CG_MAGIC) {
1136 		printf("cg 0: bad magic number\n");
1137 		exit(31);
1138 	}
1139 	acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree--;
1140 	setbit(cg_inosused(&acg), ino);
1141 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
1142 	    (char *)&acg);
1143 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree--;
1144 	fscs[0].cs_nifree--;
1145 	if (ino >= (uint32_t)sblock.fs_ipg * (uint32_t)sblock.fs_ncg) {
1146 		printf("fsinit: inode value out of range (%ju).\n",
1147 		    (uintmax_t)ino);
1148 		exit(32);
1149 	}
1150 	d = fsbtodb(&sblock, ino_to_fsba(&sblock, ino));
1151 	rdfs(d, sblock.fs_bsize, (char *)inobuf);
1152 	inobuf[ino_to_fsbo(&sblock, ino)] = *ip;
1153 	wtfs(d, sblock.fs_bsize, (char *)inobuf);
1154 }
1155 
1156 /*
1157  * Parent notifies child that it can proceed with the newfs and mount
1158  * operation (occurs after parent has copied the underlying filesystem
1159  * if the -C option was specified (for MFS), or immediately after the
1160  * parent forked the child otherwise).
1161  */
1162 void
1163 parentready(__unused int signo)
1164 {
1165   	parentready_signalled = 1;
1166 }
1167 
1168 /*
1169  * Notify parent process that the filesystem has created itself successfully.
1170  *
1171  * We have to wait until the mount has actually completed!
1172  */
1173 void
1174 started(__unused int signo)
1175 {
1176 	int retry = 100;	/* 10 seconds, 100ms */
1177 
1178 	while (mfs_ppid && retry) {
1179 		struct stat st;
1180 
1181 		if (
1182 		    stat(mfs_mtpt, &st) < 0 ||
1183 		    st.st_dev != mfs_mtstat.st_dev
1184 		) {
1185 			break;
1186 		}
1187 		usleep(100*1000);
1188 		--retry;
1189 	}
1190 	if (retry == 0) {
1191 		fatal("mfs mount failed waiting for mount to go active");
1192 	} else if (copyroot) {
1193 		FSPaste(mfs_mtpt, copyroot, copyhlinks);
1194 	}
1195 	exit(0);
1196 }
1197 
1198 /*
1199  * read a block from the file system
1200  */
1201 void
1202 rdfs(daddr_t bno, int size, char *bf)
1203 {
1204 	int n;
1205 
1206 	wtfsflush();
1207 	if (mfs) {
1208 		memmove(bf, membase + bno * sectorsize, size);
1209 		return;
1210 	}
1211 	if (lseek(fsi, (off_t)bno * sectorsize, 0) < 0) {
1212 		printf("seek error: %ld\n", (long)bno);
1213 		err(33, "rdfs");
1214 	}
1215 	n = read(fsi, bf, size);
1216 	if (n != size) {
1217 		printf("read error: %ld\n", (long)bno);
1218 		err(34, "rdfs");
1219 	}
1220 }
1221 
1222 #define WCSIZE (128 * 1024)
1223 daddr_t wc_sect;		/* units of sectorsize */
1224 int wc_end;			/* bytes */
1225 static char wc[WCSIZE];		/* bytes */
1226 
1227 /*
1228  * Flush dirty write behind buffer.
1229  */
1230 void
1231 wtfsflush(void)
1232 {
1233 	int n;
1234 	if (wc_end) {
1235 		if (lseek(fso, (off_t)wc_sect * sectorsize, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
1236 			printf("seek error: %ld\n", (long)wc_sect);
1237 			err(35, "wtfs - writecombine");
1238 		}
1239 		n = write(fso, wc, wc_end);
1240 		if (n != wc_end) {
1241 			printf("write error: %ld\n", (long)wc_sect);
1242 			err(36, "wtfs - writecombine");
1243 		}
1244 		wc_end = 0;
1245 	}
1246 }
1247 
1248 /*
1249  * write a block to the file system
1250  */
1251 void
1252 wtfs(daddr_t bno, int size, char *bf)
1253 {
1254 	int n;
1255 	int done;
1256 
1257 	if (mfs) {
1258 		memmove(membase + bno * sectorsize, bf, size);
1259 		return;
1260 	}
1261 	if (Nflag)
1262 		return;
1263 	done = 0;
1264 	if (wc_end == 0 && size <= WCSIZE) {
1265 		wc_sect = bno;
1266 		bcopy(bf, wc, size);
1267 		wc_end = size;
1268 		if (wc_end < WCSIZE)
1269 			return;
1270 		done = 1;
1271 	}
1272 	if ((off_t)wc_sect * sectorsize + wc_end == (off_t)bno * sectorsize &&
1273 	    wc_end + size <= WCSIZE) {
1274 		bcopy(bf, wc + wc_end, size);
1275 		wc_end += size;
1276 		if (wc_end < WCSIZE)
1277 			return;
1278 		done = 1;
1279 	}
1280 	wtfsflush();
1281 	if (done)
1282 		return;
1283 	if (lseek(fso, (off_t)bno * sectorsize, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
1284 		printf("seek error: %ld\n", (long)bno);
1285 		err(35, "wtfs");
1286 	}
1287 	n = write(fso, bf, size);
1288 	if (n != size) {
1289 		printf("write error: fso %d blk %ld %d/%d\n",
1290 			fso, (long)bno, n, size);
1291 		err(36, "wtfs");
1292 	}
1293 }
1294 
1295 /*
1296  * check if a block is available
1297  */
1298 int
1299 isblock(struct fs *fs, unsigned char *cp, int h)
1300 {
1301 	unsigned char mask;
1302 
1303 	switch (fs->fs_frag) {
1304 	case 8:
1305 		return (cp[h] == 0xff);
1306 	case 4:
1307 		mask = 0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2);
1308 		return ((cp[h >> 1] & mask) == mask);
1309 	case 2:
1310 		mask = 0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1);
1311 		return ((cp[h >> 2] & mask) == mask);
1312 	case 1:
1313 		mask = 0x01 << (h & 0x7);
1314 		return ((cp[h >> 3] & mask) == mask);
1315 	default:
1316 		fprintf(stderr, "isblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1317 		return (0);
1318 	}
1319 }
1320 
1321 /*
1322  * take a block out of the map
1323  */
1324 void
1325 clrblock(struct fs *fs, unsigned char *cp, int h)
1326 {
1327 	switch ((fs)->fs_frag) {
1328 	case 8:
1329 		cp[h] = 0;
1330 		return;
1331 	case 4:
1332 		cp[h >> 1] &= ~(0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2));
1333 		return;
1334 	case 2:
1335 		cp[h >> 2] &= ~(0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1));
1336 		return;
1337 	case 1:
1338 		cp[h >> 3] &= ~(0x01 << (h & 0x7));
1339 		return;
1340 	default:
1341 		fprintf(stderr, "clrblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1342 		return;
1343 	}
1344 }
1345 
1346 /*
1347  * put a block into the map
1348  */
1349 void
1350 setblock(struct fs *fs, unsigned char *cp, int h)
1351 {
1352 	switch (fs->fs_frag) {
1353 	case 8:
1354 		cp[h] = 0xff;
1355 		return;
1356 	case 4:
1357 		cp[h >> 1] |= (0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2));
1358 		return;
1359 	case 2:
1360 		cp[h >> 2] |= (0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1));
1361 		return;
1362 	case 1:
1363 		cp[h >> 3] |= (0x01 << (h & 0x7));
1364 		return;
1365 	default:
1366 		fprintf(stderr, "setblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1367 		return;
1368 	}
1369 }
1370 
1371 /*
1372  * Determine the number of characters in a
1373  * single line.
1374  */
1375 
1376 static int
1377 charsperline(void)
1378 {
1379 	int columns;
1380 	char *cp;
1381 	struct winsize ws;
1382 
1383 	columns = 0;
1384 	if (ioctl(0, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) != -1)
1385 		columns = ws.ws_col;
1386 	if (columns == 0 && (cp = getenv("COLUMNS")))
1387 		columns = atoi(cp);
1388 	if (columns == 0)
1389 		columns = 80;	/* last resort */
1390 	return columns;
1391 }
1392