1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in 12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 13 * distribution. 14 * 15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS 16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY 19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE 21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER 23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR 24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN 25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26 */ 27 28 #include <sys/param.h> 29 #include <sys/disklabel32.h> 30 #include <sys/diskmbr.h> 31 #include <sys/diskslice.h> 32 #include <sys/mount.h> 33 #include <sys/stat.h> 34 #include <sys/time.h> 35 36 #include <machine/ioctl_fd.h> 37 38 #include <ctype.h> 39 #include <disktab.h> 40 #include <err.h> 41 #include <errno.h> 42 #include <fcntl.h> 43 #include <inttypes.h> 44 #include <paths.h> 45 #include <signal.h> 46 #include <stdio.h> 47 #include <stdlib.h> 48 #include <string.h> 49 #include <time.h> 50 #include <unistd.h> 51 52 #include "mkfs_msdos.h" 53 54 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */ 55 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */ 56 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */ 57 58 #define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */ 59 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */ 60 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */ 61 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */ 62 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */ 63 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */ 64 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */ 65 #define MINCLS12 1U /* minimum FAT12 clusters */ 66 #define MINCLS16 0xff5U /* minimum FAT16 clusters */ 67 #define MINCLS32 0xfff5U /* minimum FAT32 clusters */ 68 #define MAXCLS12 0xff4U /* maximum FAT12 clusters */ 69 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff4U /* maximum FAT16 clusters */ 70 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff4U /* maximum FAT32 clusters */ 71 72 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \ 73 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \ 74 MINCLS32) 75 76 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \ 77 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \ 78 MAXCLS32) 79 80 #define mk1(p, x) \ 81 (p) = (uint8_t)(x) 82 83 #define mk2(p, x) \ 84 (p)[0] = (uint8_t)(x), \ 85 (p)[1] = (uint8_t)((x) >> 010) 86 87 #define mk4(p, x) \ 88 (p)[0] = (uint8_t)(x), \ 89 (p)[1] = (uint8_t)((x) >> 010), \ 90 (p)[2] = (uint8_t)((x) >> 020), \ 91 (p)[3] = (uint8_t)((x) >> 030) 92 93 struct bs { 94 uint8_t bsJump[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */ 95 uint8_t bsOemName[8]; /* OEM name and version */ 96 } __packed; 97 98 struct bsbpb { 99 uint8_t bpbBytesPerSec[2]; /* bytes per sector */ 100 uint8_t bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */ 101 uint8_t bpbResSectors[2]; /* reserved sectors */ 102 uint8_t bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */ 103 uint8_t bpbRootDirEnts[2]; /* root directory entries */ 104 uint8_t bpbSectors[2]; /* total sectors */ 105 uint8_t bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */ 106 uint8_t bpbFATsecs[2]; /* sectors per FAT */ 107 uint8_t bpbSecPerTrack[2]; /* sectors per track */ 108 uint8_t bpbHeads[2]; /* drive heads */ 109 uint8_t bpbHiddenSecs[4]; /* hidden sectors */ 110 uint8_t bpbHugeSectors[4]; /* big total sectors */ 111 } __packed; 112 113 struct bsxbpb { 114 uint8_t bpbBigFATsecs[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */ 115 uint8_t bpbExtFlags[2]; /* FAT control flags */ 116 uint8_t bpbFSVers[2]; /* file system version */ 117 uint8_t bpbRootClust[4]; /* root directory start cluster */ 118 uint8_t bpbFSInfo[2]; /* file system info sector */ 119 uint8_t bpbBackup[2]; /* backup boot sector */ 120 uint8_t bpbReserved[12]; /* reserved */ 121 } __packed; 122 123 struct bsx { 124 uint8_t exDriveNumber; /* drive number */ 125 uint8_t exReserved1; /* reserved */ 126 uint8_t exBootSignature; /* extended boot signature */ 127 uint8_t exVolumeID[4]; /* volume ID number */ 128 uint8_t exVolumeLabel[11]; /* volume label */ 129 uint8_t exFileSysType[8]; /* file system type */ 130 } __packed; 131 132 struct de { 133 uint8_t deName[11]; /* name and extension */ 134 uint8_t deAttributes; /* attributes */ 135 uint8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */ 136 uint8_t deMTime[2]; /* last-modified time */ 137 uint8_t deMDate[2]; /* last-modified date */ 138 uint8_t deStartCluster[2]; /* starting cluster */ 139 uint8_t deFileSize[4]; /* size */ 140 } __packed; 141 142 struct bpb { 143 u_int bpbBytesPerSec; /* bytes per sector */ 144 u_int bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */ 145 u_int bpbResSectors; /* reserved sectors */ 146 u_int bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */ 147 u_int bpbRootDirEnts; /* root directory entries */ 148 u_int bpbSectors; /* total sectors */ 149 u_int bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */ 150 u_int bpbFATsecs; /* sectors per FAT */ 151 u_int bpbSecPerTrack; /* sectors per track */ 152 u_int bpbHeads; /* drive heads */ 153 u_int bpbHiddenSecs; /* hidden sectors */ 154 u_int bpbHugeSectors; /* big total sectors */ 155 u_int bpbBigFATsecs; /* big sectors per FAT */ 156 u_int bpbRootClust; /* root directory start cluster */ 157 u_int bpbFSInfo; /* file system info sector */ 158 u_int bpbBackup; /* backup boot sector */ 159 }; 160 161 #define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 162 163 static struct { 164 const char *name; 165 struct bpb bpb; 166 } const stdfmt[] = { 167 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1, BPBGAP}}, 168 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1, BPBGAP}}, 169 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 170 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 171 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 172 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 173 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}}, 174 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 175 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}}, 176 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}} 177 }; 178 179 static const uint8_t bootcode[] = { 180 0xfa, /* cli */ 181 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */ 182 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */ 183 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */ 184 0xfb, /* sti */ 185 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */ 186 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */ 187 0x5e, /* pop si */ 188 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */ 189 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */ 190 0xfc, /* cld */ 191 0xac, /* lodsb */ 192 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */ 193 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */ 194 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */ 195 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */ 196 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */ 197 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */ 198 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */ 199 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */ 200 0x0d, 0x0a, 201 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't', 202 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k', 203 0x0d, 0x0a, 204 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n', 205 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o', 206 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't', 207 0x0d, 0x0a, 208 0 209 }; 210 211 static volatile sig_atomic_t got_siginfo; 212 static void infohandler(int); 213 214 static int check_mounted(const char *, mode_t); 215 static int getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *); 216 static int getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, struct bpb *); 217 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *); 218 static int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *); 219 static void mklabel(uint8_t *, const char *); 220 static int oklabel(const char *); 221 static void setstr(uint8_t *, const char *, size_t); 222 223 int 224 mkfs_msdos(const char *fname, const char *dtype, const struct msdos_options *op) 225 { 226 char buf[MAXPATHLEN]; 227 struct sigaction si_sa; 228 struct stat sb; 229 struct timeval tv; 230 struct bpb bpb; 231 struct tm *tm; 232 struct bs *bs; 233 struct bsbpb *bsbpb; 234 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb; 235 struct bsx *bsx; 236 struct de *de; 237 uint8_t *img; 238 const char *bname; 239 ssize_t n; 240 time_t now; 241 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2; 242 u_int extra_res, alignment, saved_x, attempts=0; 243 bool set_res, set_spf, set_spc; 244 int fd, fd1, rv; 245 struct msdos_options o = *op; 246 247 img = NULL; 248 rv = -1; 249 fd = fd1 = -1; 250 251 if (o.block_size && o.sectors_per_cluster) { 252 warnx("Cannot specify both block size and sectors per cluster"); 253 goto done; 254 } 255 if (o.OEM_string && strlen(o.OEM_string) > 8) { 256 warnx("%s: bad OEM string", o.OEM_string); 257 goto done; 258 } 259 if (o.create_size) { 260 if (o.no_create) { 261 warnx("create (-C) is incompatible with -N"); 262 goto done; 263 } 264 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644); 265 if (fd == -1) { 266 warnx("failed to create %s", fname); 267 goto done; 268 } 269 if (ftruncate(fd, o.create_size)) { 270 warnx("failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)o.create_size); 271 goto done; 272 } 273 } else if ((fd = open(fname, o.no_create ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1) { 274 warn("%s", fname); 275 goto done; 276 } 277 if (fstat(fd, &sb)) { 278 warn("%s", fname); 279 goto done; 280 } 281 if (o.create_size) { 282 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) 283 warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname); 284 } else { 285 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 286 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname); 287 } 288 if (!o.no_create) 289 if (check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode) == -1) 290 goto done; 291 if (o.offset && o.offset != lseek(fd, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) { 292 warnx("cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)o.offset); 293 goto done; 294 } 295 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb)); 296 if (o.floppy) { 297 if (getstdfmt(o.floppy, &bpb) == -1) 298 goto done; 299 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = bpb.bpbSectors; 300 bpb.bpbSectors = 0; 301 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = bpb.bpbFATsecs; 302 bpb.bpbFATsecs = 0; 303 } 304 if (o.drive_heads) 305 bpb.bpbHeads = o.drive_heads; 306 if (o.sectors_per_track) 307 bpb.bpbSecPerTrack = o.sectors_per_track; 308 if (o.bytes_per_sector) 309 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec = o.bytes_per_sector; 310 if (o.size) 311 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = o.size; 312 if (o.hidden_sectors_set) 313 bpb.bpbHiddenSecs = o.hidden_sectors; 314 if (!(o.floppy || (o.drive_heads && o.sectors_per_track && 315 o.bytes_per_sector && o.size && o.hidden_sectors_set))) { 316 if (getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, o.hidden_sectors_set, &bpb) == -1) 317 goto done; 318 bpb.bpbHugeSectors -= (o.offset / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 319 if (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0) { /* set defaults */ 320 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */ 321 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 1; 322 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */ 323 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 8; 324 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */ 325 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 16; 326 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<21)) /* 1G -> 16k */ 327 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 32; 328 else 329 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 64; /* otherwise 32k */ 330 } 331 } 332 if (!powerof2(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) { 333 warnx("bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 334 goto done; 335 } 336 if (bpb.bpbBytesPerSec < MINBPS) { 337 warnx("bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 338 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, MINBPS); 339 goto done; 340 } 341 342 if (o.volume_label && !oklabel(o.volume_label)) { 343 warnx("%s: bad volume label", o.volume_label); 344 goto done; 345 } 346 if (!(fat = o.fat_type)) { 347 if (o.floppy) 348 fat = 12; 349 else if (!o.directory_entries && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector)) 350 fat = 32; 351 } 352 if ((fat == 32 && o.directory_entries) || 353 (fat != 32 && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))) { 354 warnx("-%c is not a legal FAT%s option", 355 fat == 32 ? 'e' : o.info_sector ? 'i' : 'k', 356 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16"); 357 goto done; 358 } 359 if (o.floppy && fat == 32) 360 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = 0; 361 if (fat != 0 && fat != 12 && fat != 16 && fat != 32) { 362 warnx("%d: bad FAT type", fat); 363 goto done; 364 } 365 366 if (o.block_size) { 367 if (!powerof2(o.block_size)) { 368 warnx("block size (%u) is not a power of 2", o.block_size); 369 goto done; 370 } 371 if (o.block_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) { 372 warnx("block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 373 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 374 goto done; 375 } 376 if (o.block_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC) { 377 warnx("block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 378 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC); 379 goto done; 380 } 381 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.block_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 382 } 383 if (o.sectors_per_cluster) { 384 if (!powerof2(o.sectors_per_cluster)) { 385 warnx("sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", 386 o.sectors_per_cluster); 387 goto done; 388 } 389 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.sectors_per_cluster; 390 } 391 if (o.reserved_sectors) 392 bpb.bpbResSectors = o.reserved_sectors; 393 if (o.num_FAT) { 394 if (o.num_FAT > MAXNFT) { 395 warnx("number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 396 o.num_FAT, MAXNFT); 397 goto done; 398 } 399 bpb.bpbFATs = o.num_FAT; 400 } 401 if (o.directory_entries) 402 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = o.directory_entries; 403 if (o.media_descriptor_set) { 404 if (o.media_descriptor < 0xf0) { 405 warnx("illegal media descriptor (%#x)", o.media_descriptor); 406 goto done; 407 } 408 bpb.bpbMedia = o.media_descriptor; 409 } 410 if (o.sectors_per_fat) 411 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = o.sectors_per_fat; 412 if (o.info_sector) 413 bpb.bpbFSInfo = o.info_sector; 414 if (o.backup_sector) 415 bpb.bpbBackup = o.backup_sector; 416 bss = 1; 417 bname = NULL; 418 fd1 = -1; 419 if (o.bootstrap) { 420 bname = o.bootstrap; 421 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) { 422 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname); 423 bname = buf; 424 } 425 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) { 426 warn("%s", bname); 427 goto done; 428 } 429 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bpbBytesPerSec || 430 sb.st_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec || 431 sb.st_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXU16) { 432 warnx("%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname); 433 goto done; 434 } 435 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 436 } 437 if (!bpb.bpbFATs) 438 bpb.bpbFATs = 2; 439 if (!fat) { 440 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors < (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) + 441 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) * 442 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? 16 : 12) / BPN, 443 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * 444 bpb.bpbFATs + 445 howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts ? bpb.bpbRootDirEnts : DEFRDE, 446 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) + 447 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) * 448 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : 449 howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) 450 fat = 12; 451 else if (bpb.bpbRootDirEnts || bpb.bpbHugeSectors < 452 (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) + 453 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) * 454 bpb.bpbFATs + 455 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) + 456 (MAXCLS16 + 1) * 457 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : 458 howmany(8192, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) 459 fat = 16; 460 else 461 fat = 32; 462 } 463 x = bss; 464 if (fat == 32) { 465 if (!bpb.bpbFSInfo) { 466 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bpbBackup) { 467 warnx("no room for info sector"); 468 goto done; 469 } 470 bpb.bpbFSInfo = x; 471 } 472 if (bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbFSInfo) 473 x = bpb.bpbFSInfo + 1; 474 if (!bpb.bpbBackup) { 475 if (x == MAXU16) { 476 warnx("no room for backup sector"); 477 goto done; 478 } 479 bpb.bpbBackup = x; 480 } else if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && bpb.bpbBackup == bpb.bpbFSInfo) { 481 warnx("backup sector would overwrite info sector"); 482 goto done; 483 } 484 if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbBackup) 485 x = bpb.bpbBackup + 1; 486 } 487 488 extra_res = 0; 489 alignment = 0; 490 set_res = (bpb.bpbResSectors == 0); 491 set_spf = (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0); 492 set_spc = (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0); 493 saved_x = x; 494 495 /* 496 * Attempt to align the root directory to cluster if o.align is set. 497 * This is done by padding with reserved blocks. Note that this can 498 * cause other factors to change, which can in turn change the alignment. 499 * This should take at most 2 iterations, as increasing the reserved 500 * amount may cause the FAT size to decrease by 1, requiring another 501 * bpbFATs reserved blocks. If bpbSecPerClust changes, it will 502 * be half of its previous size, and thus will not throw off alignment. 503 */ 504 do { 505 x = saved_x; 506 if (set_res) 507 bpb.bpbResSectors = ((fat == 32) ? 508 MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, 4)) : x) + extra_res; 509 else if (bpb.bpbResSectors < x) { 510 warnx("too few reserved sectors (need %d have %d)", x, 511 bpb.bpbResSectors); 512 goto done; 513 } 514 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.bpbRootDirEnts) 515 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = DEFRDE; 516 rds = howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts, 517 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)); 518 if (set_spc) { 519 for (bpb.bpbSecPerClust = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : 520 DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 521 bpb.bpbSecPerClust < MAXSPC && (bpb.bpbResSectors + 522 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN), 523 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * bpb.bpbFATs + 524 rds + 525 (u_int64_t) (maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust) <= 526 bpb.bpbHugeSectors; 527 bpb.bpbSecPerClust <<= 1) 528 continue; 529 530 } 531 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bpbBigFATsecs > MAXU16) { 532 warnx("too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16"); 533 goto done; 534 } 535 x1 = bpb.bpbResSectors + rds; 536 x = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs ? bpb.bpbBigFATsecs : 1; 537 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.bpbFATs > bpb.bpbHugeSectors) { 538 warnx("meta data exceeds file system size"); 539 goto done; 540 } 541 x1 += x * bpb.bpbFATs; 542 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / 543 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB + 544 fat / BPN * bpb.bpbFATs); 545 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN), 546 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB); 547 if (set_spf) { 548 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0) 549 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = x2; 550 x1 += (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs - 1) * bpb.bpbFATs; 551 } 552 if (set_res) { 553 /* attempt to align root directory */ 554 alignment = (bpb.bpbResSectors + bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbFATs) % 555 bpb.bpbSecPerClust; 556 if (o.align) 557 extra_res += bpb.bpbSecPerClust - alignment; 558 } 559 attempts++; 560 } while (o.align && alignment != 0 && attempts < 2); 561 if (o.align && alignment != 0) 562 warnx("warning: Alignment failed."); 563 564 cls = (bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) / bpb.bpbSecPerClust; 565 x = (uint64_t)bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / (fat / BPN) - 566 RESFTE; 567 if (cls > x) 568 cls = x; 569 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs < x2) 570 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters", 571 cls); 572 if (cls < mincls(fat)) { 573 warnx("%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat, 574 mincls(fat)); 575 goto done; 576 } 577 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) { 578 cls = maxcls(fat); 579 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust - 1; 580 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors", 581 bpb.bpbHugeSectors); 582 } 583 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s " 584 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust, 585 cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat, 586 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * bpb.bpbSecPerClust); 587 if (!bpb.bpbMedia) 588 bpb.bpbMedia = !bpb.bpbHiddenSecs ? 0xf0 : 0xf8; 589 if (fat == 32) 590 bpb.bpbRootClust = RESFTE; 591 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= MAXU16) { 592 bpb.bpbSectors = bpb.bpbHugeSectors; 593 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = 0; 594 } 595 if (fat != 32) { 596 bpb.bpbFATsecs = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs; 597 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = 0; 598 } 599 print_bpb(&bpb); 600 if (!o.no_create) { 601 if (o.timestamp_set) { 602 tv.tv_sec = now = o.timestamp; 603 tv.tv_usec = 0; 604 tm = gmtime(&now); 605 } else { 606 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); 607 now = tv.tv_sec; 608 tm = localtime(&now); 609 } 610 611 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) { 612 warn(NULL); 613 goto done; 614 } 615 dir = bpb.bpbResSectors + (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs : 616 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) * bpb.bpbFATs; 617 memset(&si_sa, 0, sizeof(si_sa)); 618 si_sa.sa_handler = infohandler; 619 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, NULL) == -1) { 620 warn("sigaction SIGINFO"); 621 goto done; 622 } 623 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : rds); lsn++) { 624 if (got_siginfo) { 625 fprintf(stderr,"%s: writing sector %u of %u (%u%%)\n", 626 fname, lsn, 627 (dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)), 628 (lsn * 100) / (dir + 629 (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds))); 630 got_siginfo = 0; 631 } 632 x = lsn; 633 if (o.bootstrap && 634 fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 635 bss <= bpb.bpbBackup && x >= bpb.bpbBackup) { 636 x -= bpb.bpbBackup; 637 if (!x && lseek(fd1, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) { 638 warn("%s", bname); 639 goto done; 640 } 641 } 642 if (o.bootstrap && x < bss) { 643 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) { 644 warn("%s", bname); 645 goto done; 646 } 647 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) { 648 warnx("%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x); 649 goto done; 650 } 651 } else 652 memset(img, 0, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 653 if (!lsn || 654 (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 655 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup)) { 656 x1 = sizeof(struct bs); 657 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1); 658 mk2(bsbpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 659 mk1(bsbpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb.bpbSecPerClust); 660 mk2(bsbpb->bpbResSectors, bpb.bpbResSectors); 661 mk1(bsbpb->bpbFATs, bpb.bpbFATs); 662 mk2(bsbpb->bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbRootDirEnts); 663 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSectors, bpb.bpbSectors); 664 mk1(bsbpb->bpbMedia, bpb.bpbMedia); 665 mk2(bsbpb->bpbFATsecs, bpb.bpbFATsecs); 666 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSecPerTrack, bpb.bpbSecPerTrack); 667 mk2(bsbpb->bpbHeads, bpb.bpbHeads); 668 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHiddenSecs, bpb.bpbHiddenSecs); 669 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHugeSectors, bpb.bpbHugeSectors); 670 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb); 671 if (fat == 32) { 672 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1); 673 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbBigFATsecs, bpb.bpbBigFATsecs); 674 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbExtFlags, 0); 675 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSVers, 0); 676 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbRootClust, bpb.bpbRootClust); 677 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSInfo, bpb.bpbFSInfo); 678 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbBackup, bpb.bpbBackup); 679 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb); 680 } 681 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1); 682 mk1(bsx->exBootSignature, 0x29); 683 if (o.volume_id_set) 684 x = o.volume_id; 685 else 686 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 | 687 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) + 688 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 | 689 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 | 690 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) + 691 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 | 692 (u_int)tm->tm_min)); 693 mk4(bsx->exVolumeID, x); 694 mklabel(bsx->exVolumeLabel, o.volume_label ? o.volume_label : "NO NAME"); 695 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "FAT%u", fat); 696 setstr(bsx->exFileSysType, buf, sizeof(bsx->exFileSysType)); 697 if (!o.bootstrap) { 698 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx); 699 bs = (struct bs *)img; 700 mk1(bs->bsJump[0], 0xeb); 701 mk1(bs->bsJump[1], x1 - 2); 702 mk1(bs->bsJump[2], 0x90); 703 setstr(bs->bsOemName, o.OEM_string ? o.OEM_string : "BSD4.4 ", 704 sizeof(bs->bsOemName)); 705 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode)); 706 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 707 } 708 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && 709 (lsn == bpb.bpbFSInfo || 710 (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 711 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup + bpb.bpbFSInfo))) { 712 mk4(img, 0x41615252); 713 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272); 714 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff); 715 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, 0xffffffff); 716 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 717 } else if (lsn >= bpb.bpbResSectors && lsn < dir && 718 !((lsn - bpb.bpbResSectors) % 719 (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs : 720 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs))) { 721 mk1(img[0], bpb.bpbMedia); 722 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++) 723 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff); 724 } else if (lsn == dir && o.volume_label) { 725 de = (struct de *)img; 726 mklabel(de->deName, o.volume_label); 727 mk1(de->deAttributes, 050); 728 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 | 729 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 | 730 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1; 731 mk2(de->deMTime, x); 732 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 | 733 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 | 734 (u_int)tm->tm_mday; 735 mk2(de->deMDate, x); 736 } 737 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) { 738 warn("%s", fname); 739 goto done; 740 } 741 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) { 742 warnx("%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 743 goto done; 744 } 745 } 746 } 747 rv = 0; 748 done: 749 free(img); 750 if (fd != -1) 751 close(fd); 752 if (fd1 != -1) 753 close(fd1); 754 755 return rv; 756 } 757 758 /* 759 * return -1 with error if file system is mounted. 760 */ 761 static int 762 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode) 763 { 764 struct statfs *mp; 765 const char *s1, *s2; 766 size_t len; 767 int n, r; 768 769 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) { 770 warn("getmntinfo"); 771 return -1; 772 } 773 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV); 774 s1 = fname; 775 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len)) 776 s1 += len; 777 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r'; 778 for (; n--; mp++) { 779 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 780 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len)) 781 s2 += len; 782 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) || 783 !strcmp(s1, s2)) { 784 warnx("%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname); 785 return -1; 786 } 787 } 788 return 0; 789 } 790 791 /* 792 * Get a standard format. 793 */ 794 static int 795 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb) 796 { 797 u_int x, i; 798 799 x = NELEM(stdfmt); 800 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++); 801 if (i == x) { 802 warnx("%s: unknown standard format", fmt); 803 return -1; 804 } 805 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb; 806 return 0; 807 } 808 809 /* 810 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information. 811 */ 812 static int 813 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag, 814 struct bpb *bpb) 815 { 816 struct disklabel32 *lp, dlp; 817 struct fd_type type; 818 struct partinfo pi; 819 off_t ms = 0, hs = 0; 820 821 lp = NULL; 822 823 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */ 824 if (dtype != NULL) { 825 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype); 826 } 827 828 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */ 829 if (lp == NULL) { 830 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGPART, &pi) == -1) { 831 struct stat st; 832 833 if (fstat(fd, &st)) 834 err(1, "cannot get disk size"); 835 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */ 836 ms = st.st_size; 837 dlp.d_secsize = 512; 838 dlp.d_nsectors = 63; 839 dlp.d_ntracks = 255; 840 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 841 lp = &dlp; 842 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) { 843 ms = pi.media_size; 844 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize; 845 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac; 846 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads; 847 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 848 lp = &dlp; 849 } else { 850 ms = pi.media_size; 851 } 852 } 853 854 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */ 855 if (lp == NULL) { 856 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGPART, &pi) == - 1) 857 err(1, "cannot get disk information"); 858 dlp.d_secsize = pi.media_blksize; 859 dlp.d_nsectors = pi.d_secpertrack; 860 dlp.d_ntracks = pi.d_nheads; 861 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec) 862 dlp.d_secsize = bpb->bpbBytesPerSec; 863 864 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 865 866 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit; 867 lp = &dlp; 868 } 869 870 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0) { 871 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector") == -1) 872 return -1; 873 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec = lp->d_secsize; 874 } 875 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0) { 876 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track") == -1) 877 return -1; 878 bpb->bpbSecPerTrack = lp->d_nsectors; 879 } 880 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0) { 881 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads") == -1) 882 return -1; 883 bpb->bpbHeads = lp->d_ntracks; 884 } 885 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors == 0) 886 bpb->bpbHugeSectors = lp->d_secperunit; 887 if (bpb->bpbHiddenSecs == 0) 888 bpb->bpbHiddenSecs = hs; 889 return 0; 890 } 891 892 /* 893 * Print out BPB values. 894 */ 895 static void 896 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb) 897 { 898 printf("BytesPerSec=%u SecPerClust=%u ResSectors=%u FATs=%u", 899 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb->bpbResSectors, 900 bpb->bpbFATs); 901 if (bpb->bpbRootDirEnts) 902 printf(" RootDirEnts=%u", bpb->bpbRootDirEnts); 903 if (bpb->bpbSectors) 904 printf(" Sectors=%u", bpb->bpbSectors); 905 printf(" Media=%#x", bpb->bpbMedia); 906 if (bpb->bpbFATsecs) 907 printf(" FATsecs=%u", bpb->bpbFATsecs); 908 printf(" SecPerTrack=%u Heads=%u HiddenSecs=%u", bpb->bpbSecPerTrack, 909 bpb->bpbHeads, bpb->bpbHiddenSecs); 910 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors) 911 printf(" HugeSectors=%u", bpb->bpbHugeSectors); 912 if (!bpb->bpbFATsecs) { 913 printf(" FATsecs=%u RootCluster=%u", bpb->bpbBigFATsecs, 914 bpb->bpbRootClust); 915 printf(" FSInfo="); 916 printf(bpb->bpbFSInfo == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbFSInfo); 917 printf(" Backup="); 918 printf(bpb->bpbBackup == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbBackup); 919 } 920 printf("\n"); 921 } 922 923 /* 924 * Check a disk geometry value. 925 */ 926 static int 927 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg) 928 { 929 if (!val) { 930 warnx("%s: no default %s", fname, msg); 931 return -1; 932 } 933 if (val > MAXU16) { 934 warnx("%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val); 935 return -1; 936 } 937 return 0; 938 } 939 940 /* 941 * Check a volume label. 942 */ 943 static int 944 oklabel(const char *src) 945 { 946 int c, i; 947 948 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) { 949 c = (u_char)*src++; 950 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c)) 951 break; 952 } 953 return i && !c; 954 } 955 956 /* 957 * Make a volume label. 958 */ 959 static void 960 mklabel(uint8_t *dest, const char *src) 961 { 962 int c, i; 963 964 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) { 965 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' '; 966 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c; 967 } 968 } 969 970 /* 971 * Copy string, padding with spaces. 972 */ 973 static void 974 setstr(uint8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len) 975 { 976 while (len--) 977 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' '; 978 } 979 980 static void 981 infohandler(int sig __unused) 982 { 983 984 got_siginfo = 1; 985 } 986